Chapter V: Dicotyledoneae (11)

Sepals valvate in the bud. Seeds albuminous. Stamens 10. Carpels 5. [Tribe CNESTIDEAE.] 8

2. Ripe carpel indehiscent, nearly always 2-seeded. Seeds with a large, adnate aril. Calyx hardened in fruit. Petals greatly exceeding the sepals. Stamens 10, very unequal, surrounded by a disc. Carpel 1. Flowers in clusters, springing from the old wood.--Species 3. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). (_Anthagathis_ Harms). =Jollydora= Pierre

Ripe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise, usually 1-seeded. 3

3. Fruit-carpels narrowed at the base into a distinct stalk. Seeds attached to the ventral suture, with a free aril. Calyx not enlarged in fruit.--Species 18. Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 66.) =Connarus= L.

Fruit-carpels not stalked. Seeds attached at their base. Carpels (at the time of flowering) 3-5. 4

4. Calyx scarcely or not enlarged in fruit, small, usually flaccid. 5

Calyx conspicuously enlarged and hardened in fruit, leathery to woody. Stamens 10. Carpels 5. 6

5. Leaves trifoliolate.--Species 25. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. =Agelaea= Sol.

Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. Stamens 10. Carpels 5. Styles 2-cleft at the apex. Calyx persistent.--Species 7. Tropics. Some are poisonous. (Under _Rourea_ Aubl.) =Byrsocarpus= Schum. & Thonn.

6. Calyx tightly clasping the fruit, herbaceous at the time of flowering. Styles short; stigmas capitate. Seeds with very convex cotyledons.--Species 40. Tropics. Some are poisonous or used in medicine. =Rourea= Aubl.

Calyx not clasping the fruit. Stamens very unequal. Styles long. 7

7. Stem twining. Inflorescence paniculate. Calyx leathery at the time of flowering. Seeds with flat cotyledons.--Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. =Paxia= Gilg

Stem erect. Inflorescence racemose-fasciculate. Anther-halves distant from one another, the pollen-sacs placed crosswise.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (_Jaundea_ Gilg). =Yaundea= Gilg

8. (1.) Ripe carpel indehiscent, not stalked, with a crusty pericarp. Seeds enveloped by a thin aril. Carpel 1. Stamens 5-7, alternating with as many glands. Calyx deeply divided, persistent, but not enlarged in fruit. Low trees. Leaves unifoliolate. Flowers in clusters.--Species 2. West Africa. =Hemandradenia= Stapf

Ripe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise. 9

9. Receptacle prolonged into a stalk-like androphore. Sepals red, free. Petals yellow, clawed, with 2 glands above the claw. Styles long. Erect shrubs.--Species 1. Northern West Africa (Liberia). =Dinklagea= Gilg

Receptacle not prolonged. Petals without glands. Mostly climbing shrubs. 10

10. Sepals united to the middle, ovate-triangular. Petals linear, four times as long as the calyx, rolled inwards at the tip. Stamens very unequal. Styles long; stigmas lobed.--Species 6. West Africa. =Spiropetalum= Gilg

Sepals free or nearly so. Petals not more than twice as long as the calyx. Styles short; stigmas capitate. 11

11. Fruit-carpels glabrous on the inside, short-haired on the outside, prolonged into a stalk at the base. Seeds without a distinct aril, but with a fleshy testa. Embryo long and narrow. Petals longer than the calyx.--Species 10. West Africa. =Manotes= Sol.

Fruit-carpels covered with long stiff hairs on the inside and usually also on the outside. Seeds with a very small adnate aril at the base. Petals as long as or shorter or somewhat longer than the calyx. Stamens subequal.--Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. =Cnestis= Juss.

FAMILY 105. LEGUMINOSAE

Leaves usually compound and stipulate. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior, 1-celled. Ovules inserted at the ventral suture. Style simple, but sometimes with a tooth near the apex. Stigma entire. Fruit 1-, 2-, or transversely several-celled, opening in two valves or along the ventral suture, or separating transversely in two or more joints, or indehiscent.--Genera 261, species 3300 (_FABACEAE_, including _PAPILIONACEAE_, _CAESALPINIACEAE_ and _MIMOSACEAE_.) (Plate 67.)

1. Petals valvate in bud. Flowers regular. Leaves twice pinnate, rarely (_Acacia_) reduced to the broadened stalk. [Subfamily =MIMOSOIDEAE=.] 2

Petals imbricate in bud or wanting. Flowers more or less irregular (sometimes nearly regular.) 28

2. Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Unarmed trees. [Tribe PARKIEAE]. 3

Calyx with valvate aestivation. 4

3. Flowers in long spikes, yellowish. Fertile stamens 5, sterile ones 10-15.--Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber, oil, and edible seeds. (ovala-seeds) =Pentaclethra= Benth.

Flowers in globular or club-shaped heads. Fertile stamens 10.--Species 7. Tropics. They yield timber, tanners’ bark, vegetables, medicaments, edible fruits, from which a drink is prepared, and oily seeds, which are also used as a condiment, a substitute for coffee, a fish-poison, and for improving bad water. =Parkia= R. Br.

4. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals. 5

Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Trees or shrubs. 25

5. Anthers without glands. [Tribe MIMOSEAE.] 6

Anthers crowned, at least in the bud, by a sometimes caducous gland. Stamens 10. 9

6. Fruit dehiscing by two valves which separate from the persistent sutures. Petals united below. 7

Fruit dehiscing by two valves which do not separate from the sutures, or indehiscent. 8

7. Fruit and seeds slightly 4-angled, the former prickly. Petals red. Stamens 8-10. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in heads.--Species 1. West Africa. =Schranckia= Willd.

Fruit and seeds flat.--Species 20. Tropics to Egypt, one species naturalized. Some yield timber or medicaments or serve as ornamental plants. =Mimosa= L.

8. Fruit broadly linear. Seeds placed transversely. Petals free, white. Stamens 10. Ovary stalked. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Flowers in heads.--Species 1 (_L. glauca_ Benth.). Naturalized in the Tropics. It yields timber, fodder, edible fruits, ornamental seeds, and medicaments. =Leucaena= Benth.

Fruit narrowly linear. Seeds placed obliquely or longitudinally.--Species 7. One of them naturalized in the Tropics, the others natives of Madagascar. Seeds used as ornament. (_Acuan_ Medik.) =Desmanthus= Willd.

9. Seeds albuminous. [Tribe ADENANTHEREAE.] 10

Seeds exalbuminous. [Tribe PIPTADENIEAE.] 19

10. Flowers in heads. 11

Flowers in spikes or racemes. 12

11. Flowers partly (the upper) hermaphrodite, partly (the lower) male or neuter. Ovary stalked. Ovules numerous. Fruit obliquely-oblong, opening by two valves. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules membranous, cordate.--Species 1. Tropics. Used as a vegetable. =Neptunia= Lour.

Flowers all hermaphrodite. Ovary sessile. Ovules 1-2. Fruit sickle-shaped, indehiscent. Shrubs. Stipules spinous, recurved.--Species 1. South Africa. =Xerocladia= Harv.

12. Flowers partly (the upper) hermaphrodite and yellow, partly (the lower) neuter and white or red. Fruit not winged. Shrubs or trees.--Species 12. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield ebony-like wood and medicaments. (_Cailliea_ Guill. & Perr.) =Dichrostachys= DC.

Flowers partly hermaphrodite, partly male or female, or all hermaphrodite; no neuter flowers. Trees. 13

13. Fruit winged or distinctly 4-angled, transversely septate, indehiscent. 14

Fruit neither winged nor distinctly 4-angled. 16

14. Fruit 2-winged. Ovary stalked. Flowers sessile.--Species 1. Madagascar and Mauritius. =Gagnebina= DC.

Fruit 4-winged or 4-angled. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Flowers stalked. 15

15. Fruit 4-winged.--Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, a substitute for soap, poison, and medicaments. =Tetrapleura= Benth.

Fruit 4-angled. Leaves with 4-5 pairs of pinnae.--Species 1. Central Africa. =Amblygonocarpus= Harms

16. Fruit distinctly dehiscing in two valves. 17

Fruit indehiscent. 18

17. Seeds few, very flat, winged, with a long funicle.--Species 3. Equatorial West Africa. =Newtonia= Baill.

Seeds numerous, thick, red. Leaflets numerous.--Species 1 (_A. pavonina_ L.). Naturalized in the tropics. It yields timber, gum, dyes, medicaments, and edible oily seeds, which are also used as ornaments. =Adenanthera= L.

18. Calyx large, tube-or urn-shaped, with ovate, acute teeth. Stamens inserted at the base of the petals. Leaves with one pair of pinnae and several pairs of very large oblong leaflets. Spikes arranged in panicles.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Yields timber and medicaments. =Calpocalyx= Harms

Calyx small, bell-shaped, with short segments. Stamens free. Leaves with 2-5 pairs of pinnae and small or rather small leaflets.--Species 3. North and Central Africa. They yield timber and edible fruits. (Including _Anonychium_ Benth.) =Prosopis= L.

19. (9.) Flowers in heads. Ovary sessile, with many ovules. Fruit transversely septate. Trees.--Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber and a substitute for soap. (Under _Parkia_ R.Br.) =Xylia= Benth.

Flowers in spikes or racemes. Shrubs or trees. 20

20. Flowers sessile. 21

Flowers short-stalked. 23

21. Calyx saucer-shaped, cleft to the middle. Petals free. Disc cupular, thick. Fruit large, elliptical, 1-celled. Seeds winged, with a long funicle. Trees. Leaves with 1-2 pairs of pinnae. Spikes panicled.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. =Fillaeopsis= Harms

Calyx bell-shaped, shortly toothed. Disc inconspicuous or wanting. 22

22. Petals obviously united below. Fruit 1-celled, opening in two valves.--Species 13. Tropics to Delagoa Bay. Some species yield ebony-like wood. =Piptadenia= Benth.

Petals free or nearly so. Fruit with thick, persistent sutures, the valves splitting transversely into one-seeded joints. Endocarp separating from the exocarp and persisting round the seeds. Shrubs.--Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especially _E. scandens_ L. with fruits attaining a yard in length) yield soap-bark, fibre, vegetables, fish-poison, and edible oily seeds which are also used in medicine and as ornaments. (_Gigalobium_ P.Br., _Pusaetha_ L.) =Entada= Adans.

23. Disc cupular, thin. Ovary stalked. Seeds winged. Trees. Leaves with one pair of pinnae. Flowers with a very short stalk.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. (Including _Cyrtoxiphus_ Harms) =Cylicodiscus= Harms

Disc inconspicuous or wanting. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Shrubs. Leaves with 3-12 pairs of pinnae. 24

24. Calyx-teeth more or less unequal. Buds oblique. Fruit woody, transversely septate, opening in two valves. Leaves with 3-6 pairs of pinnae.--Species 1. German East Africa. =Pseudoprosopis= Harms

Calyx-teeth equal. Fruit leathery, with persistent sutures, the endocarp separating from the exocarp. Leaves with 6-12 pairs of pinnae.--Species 5. South Africa and southern Central Africa. They yield fish-poison and are used in medicine. =Elephantorrhiza= Benth.

25. (4.) Filaments free or the inner united into a ring. Petals white or yellow.--Species 80. They yield timber, fibre, soap-bark, gum (especially from _A. Senegal_ Willd., Verek), tanning and dyeing materials, perfumes, oil, and medicaments; some are used as ornamental plants. (Including _Vachellia_ Arn.) [Tribe ACACIEAE.] =Acacia= Willd.

Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base. Petals white or red. Flowers in heads. Unarmed plants. [Tribe INGEAE.] 26

26. Fruit strongly curved or coiled, thick, leathery, separating into one-seeded joints or indehiscent. Petals united beyond the middle. Trees.--Species 3. Tropics; one species naturalized. They yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits, and medicaments. =Pithecolobium= Mart.

Fruit straight or nearly so. 27

27. Fruit dehiscing elastically. Petals united to the middle. Shrubs.--Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber, gum, and medicaments, and are used also as ornamental plants. =Calliandra= Benth.

Fruit dehiscing in two straight and thin, not elastic valves, or indehiscent. Petals united to the middle or beyond.--Species 45. Tropical and South-east Africa; several species also cultivated in Egypt. Some species (especially _A. Lebbek_ Benth.) yield timber, tanners’ bark, gum, condiments, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including _Zygia_ Benth.) =Albizzia= Durazz.

28. (1.) Petals 1-6, the posterior one (the one next the placenta) inside of all in the bud, not forming a papilionaceous corolla, or wanting altogether. Embryo usually with a straight radicle. [Subfamily =CAESALPINIOIDEAE=.] 29

Petals 5, the posterior outside in bud, usually constituting a papilionaceous corolla. Sepals united below. Stamens 10, more rarely 5-9. Embryo usually with an inflexed radicle. Leaves simple, unifoliolate, digitate, or once pinnate. [Subfamily =PAPILIONATAE=.] 104

29. Calyx undivided or shortly lobed in the bud, usually more deeply divided at the time of flowering. 30

Calyx, already in the bud, divided down to the receptacle or nearly so. 39

30. Stamens 1-10. Corolla of 5 petals, nearly regular. Trees or shrubs. 31

Stamens 16 or more. Corolla of 6 petals, or of a single petal, or wanting. Calyx undivided in bud. Leaves imparipinnate or unifoliolate. Trees. [Tribe SWARTZIEAE.] 37

31. Leaves undivided, 2-lobed, 2-parted, or of 2 leaflets. [Tribe BAUHINIEAE.] 32

Leaves pinnate, with many leaflets. Stamens 10. 34

32. Ovary and fruit with a very long stalk, the fruit turgid. Ovules few. Style short. Stamens 10. Petals red. Calyx 5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Climbing shrubs. Leaves undivided, penninerved or faintly trinerved.--Species 3. West Africa. (_Bandeiraea_ Welw.) =Griffonia= Baill.

Ovary and fruit with a short or rather short stalk, the fruit not turgid. 33

33. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very long. Petals yellowish. Stamens 10, partly sterile. Leaves undivided, ovate or elliptical. Racemes many-flowered.--Species 1. Madagascar. (Under _Bauhinia_ L.) =Gigasiphon= Drake

Receptacle (calyx-tube) not very long.--Species 40. Tropical and South Africa, and Egypt. Some species yield timber, fibre, tanning and dyeing materials, edible roots, oily seeds, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Plate 67.) =Bauhinia= L.

34. Leaves once pinnate, with a terminal leaflet. Calyx campanulate, subequally 5-lobed. Petals subequal, white or red. Ovules numerous. Fruit opening by two valves. Shrubs. Flowers solitary or in racemes.--Species 8. Madagascar and East Africa. =Cadia= Forsk.

Leaves twice pinnate. [Tribe DIMORPHANDREAE.] 35

35. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Ovules 2. Style very short. Fruit with a thin, leathery rind, indehiscent. Seeds suborbicular. Flowers in spikes.--Species 2. Central Africa to Transvaal. They yield gum. =Burkea= Hook.

Ovary stalked. Ovules more than 2. Fruit with a thick, leathery rind. Flowers in racemes. Trees. 36

36. Calyx-lobes unequal. Petals with a long claw. Stamens with a glandular connective. Style long. Fruit long, wavy, indehiscent. Leaflets small.--Species 1. Madagascar and Seychelles. =Brandzeia= Baill.

Calyx-lobes subequal. Stamens with a glandless connective. Style short. Fruit oblong, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds oblong. Leaflets large.--Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, medicaments, and poisons especially used in ordeals. “Sassy tree.” (_Fillaea_ Guill. & Perr.). =Erythrophloeum= Afz.

37. (30.) Corolla of 6 petals, almost regular. Stamens 16-18. Ovary sessile. Ovules 2. Leaves unifoliolate.--Species 2. West Africa to the Great Lakes. They yield timber. =Baphiopsis= Benth.

Corolla reduced to a single petal or wanting. Ovary stalked. Ovules more than 2. Leaves pinnate. 38

38. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very short, almost wanting. Petal 1. Fruit linear.--Species 2. Tropics. Yielding timber. (_Tounatea_ Aubl.). =Swartzia= Schreb.

Receptacle bell-shaped. Petals none. Fruit ovate.--Species 1 (_C. africana_ Lour.). Central Africa. Yields timber, gum, edible fruits, and medicaments. =Cordyla= Lour.

39. (29.) Leaves, at least some of them, twice pinnate. [Tribe CAESALPINIEAE.] 40

Leaves all once pinnate, rarely simple. 52

40. Common petiole very short, ending in a spine; rachis of the pinnae very long, flattened, leaf-like; leaflets very small. Stipules spinous. Trees or shrubs. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals 5, subequal, yellow. Stamens 10. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear, tardily dehiscing or indehiscent. Seeds oblong, placed lengthwise, albuminous.--Species 2, one of them a native of South Africa, the other naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, bast for paper-making, a substitute for coffee, and medicaments, and serve also as garden-or hedge-plants. =Parkinsonia= L.

Common petiole distinctly developed; rachis of the pinnae not leaf-like. 41

41. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Petals 5, subequal, yellow. Stamens 10. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, membranous or thin-leathery. Seeds transverse, ovoid, exalbuminous.--Species 3. South Africa and southern Central Africa. (_Melanosticta_ DC.) =Hoffmannseggia= Cav.

Stem woody throughout, shrub-or tree-like. 42

42. Flowers sessile, in elongate panicled spikes. Calyx 5-cleft, with semiorbicular lobes. Petals 5, equal, oblong, much exceeding the calyx. Stamens 10, unequal. Anthers basifixed. Ovules 2-3. Trees.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Stachyothyrsus= Harms

Flowers more or less stalked, in racemes or panicles. 43

43. Flowers polygamous. Calyx slightly imbricate in bud. Petals 3-5, subequal, white or greenish. Stamens 6-10. Seeds transverse, albuminous. Trees. Leaves without stipules.--Species 2, one a native of Central Africa, the other naturalized in North Africa. Used as hedge-plants and yielding timber. =Gleditschia= L.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 10. 44

44. Petal 1, greenish-yellow. Calyx valvate in bud. Ovules very numerous. Styles long. Trees.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Aprevalia= Baill.

Petals 5. 45

45. Sepals united high up, excepting one, valvate in bud. Petals unequal, red. Ovules numerous. Fruit straight, turgid, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds transverse. Trees. Bracts coloured.--Species 1. Madagascar. Used as an ornamental plant. =Colvillea= Boj.

Sepals free above the receptacle. 46

46. Sepals valvate in bud. Petals yellow or red. Ovules numerous. Style thread-shaped. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Seeds transverse, oblong, albuminous. Trees. Stipules indistinct. Flowers large.--Species 3. Tropics; also cultivated in various regions. Ornamental plants. “Flame-tree.” =Poinciana= L.

Sepals imbricate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous. 47

47. Ovule 1, very rarely ovules 2. Seed 1, placed lengthwise. Fruit winged at the top, indehiscent. Petals subequal, white or yellow. Spinous climbing shrubs. Flowers small.--Species 1. Abyssinia. (_Cantuffa_ Gmel.). =Pterolobium= R.Br.

Ovules 2 or more. Seeds placed transversely. 48

48. Fruit woody, not winged, 2-seeded, opening by two valves. Ovary short-stalked, 2-ovuled. Stigma peltate. Stamens hairy at the base. Petals unequal. Receptacle oblique.--Species 2. German East Africa. (Under _Peltophorum_ Vog.). =Bussea= Harms

Fruit membranous or leathery. 49

49. Fruit winged at both sutures, indehiscent. Stigma broad-peltate. Filaments hairy at the base. Petals subequal, yellow. Trees--Species 1. Central Africa and northern South Africa. =Peltophorum= Vog.

Fruit winged at one suture only or not winged. Stigma small, sometimes concave. 50

50. Fruit winged, indehiscent. Receptacle (calyx-tube) very oblique. Petals subequal, yellow. Stamens bent downwards.--Species 5. West Africa and Madagascar. =Mezoneurum= Desf.

Fruit not winged. Receptacle not very oblique. 51

51. Fruit membranous, lanceolate, dehiscing in the middle of the valves. Seeds oblong. Sepals subequal. Petals oblong, subequal, yellow. Stamens erect, hairy at the base. Ovary short-stalked. Ovules 2-3. Trees.--Species 1 (_H. campecheanum_ L.). Cultivated in the tropics. Yields timber (log-wood), dyes, gum, and medicaments, and serves also as a garden-and hedge-plant. =Haematoxylon= L.

Fruit leathery, dehiscing at the sutures or indehiscent. Seeds ovoid or globose. Petals yellow or red. Stamens bent downwards. Ovules few.--Species 10, of which 7 are natives of tropical and South Africa, 3 naturalized there as well as in Egypt and Madeira. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, oily seeds, and medicaments, and are also used as garden-and hedge-plants. (Including _Guilandina_ L.). =Caesalpinia= L.

52. (39.) Anthers attached by the base or nearly so, rarely by the back, and then opening by apical pores. Seeds usually albuminous. [Tribe CASSIEAE.] 53

Anthers distinctly attached by the back, opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds usually exalbuminous. Trees or shrubs. 58

53. Petals 1-2 or 0. Ovules 2-3. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate. 54

Petals 3-5. 55

54. Stamens 2-3.--Species 10. Tropics. They yield timber and edible fruits from which an intoxicating drink is prepared. =Dialium= L.

Stamens 8-10. Petals none.--Species 1. East Africa. Yields timber. =Andradia= Sim

55. Petals 3, narrow, yellow. Fertile stamens 2; anthers opening by a terminal pore. Staminodes 3, petaloid. Ovules 4-5. Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. Yields timber. =Distemonanthus= Benth.

Petals 5. Stamens 4-10. 56

56. Sepals 4. Petals unequal, red. Stamens 4-5, some of them with cohering anthers. Ovules 2. Fruit 4-winged. Leaves unequally pinnate.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (_Oligostemon_ Benth.) =Duparquetia= Baill.

Sepals 5. Leaves equally pinnate or simple. 57

57. Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 10. Filaments thickened above. Anthers opening below the top. Ovules few. Fruit fleshy, with transverse partitions. Trees.--Species 2. Madagascar. =Baudouinia= Baill.

Leaves pinnate.--Species 40. They yield timber, gum, tanning and dyeing materials, fish-poison, medicaments (especially senna-leaves),

fodder, vegetables, edible fruits, and a substitute for coffee; several species are used as ornamental plants. =Cassia= L.

58. (52.) Ovules 2, rarely 3 or 1, occasionally in some flowers 4. Ovary or its stalk usually free at the base of the receptacle, more rarely adnate to it. [Tribe CYNOMETREAE.]. 59

Ovules 4 or more, occasionally in some flowers only 3. Ovary or its stalk usually adnate to the receptacle by the back. Leaves pinnate. [Tribe AMHERSTIEAE.] 80

59. Petals none. 60

Petals 1-5. 64

60. Sepals 6, very small and unequal. Stamens 6. Ovary sessile. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate. Bracteoles large.--Species 1. Southern West Africa (Congo). =Dewindtia= De Wild.

Sepals 4-5. Stamens 8-10 or 4. Trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Bracteoles small or wanting. 61

61. Sepals 5, distinctly imbricate in bud. Stamens 10. Ovary sessile. Stigma acute. Bracteoles present.--Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). They yield timber. (Under _Copaiba_ Mill. or _Hardwickia_ Roxb.) =Oxystigma= Harms

Sepals 4. 62

62. Stamens 4, inserted on the outside of a spathe-like disc cleft on one side. Sepals imbricate in bud. Ovary nearly sessile. Bracteoles present.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Stemonocoleus= Harms

Stamens 8-10. 63

63. Ovary sessile. Fruit sessile, drupe-like, indehiscent. Bracteoles present.--Species 3. Central Africa. They yield timber, fragrant resin, arrow-poison, and medicaments. The fruits of one species are edible, of another poisonous. “Dattock.” =Detarium= Juss.

Ovary stalked. Fruit stalked, oblique, with a leathery rind, dehiscing by two valves. Bracteoles none.--Species 9. Central Africa. They yield timber, a resin (copal) used for making ornaments, lacs and varnishes, dye stuffs, medicaments, and edible seeds. (_Copaiba_ Mill.) =Copaifera= L.

64. Petals 1-2. Bracteoles large. Trees. Leaves pinnate. 65

Petals 5. 67

65. Stamens 3. Sepals 4, small, scale-like. Petals 1, orbicular.--Species 10. Central Africa. =Cryptosepalum= Benth.

Stamens 10. 66

66. Sepals reduced to minute teeth or wanting. Leaves with a single pair of leaflets.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. =Aphanocalyx= Oliv.

Sepals 5, three of them very small, the other two larger and connate. Petal 1, spatulate. Filaments united at the base, excepting one. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets.--Species 2. West Africa. =Monopetalanthus= Harms

67. Fertile stamens 3. Ovules 3. Bracteoles large. Tree--Species 20. Central Africa. Some species yield timber. (_Vouapa_ Aubl.) =Macrolobium= Schreb.

Fertile stamens 10, rarely (_Cynometra_) more. 68

68. Petals very unequal. Leaves pinnate. 69

Petals equal or nearly equal. 71

69. Corolla of 1 large and 4 very small petals. Receptacle shortly cup-shaped. Bracteoles minute. Leaves with 1-2 pairs of leaflets.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. =Eurypetalum= Harms

Corolla of 3 large and 2 small petals. 70

70. Bracteoles petal-like. Receptacle cup-or top-shaped.--Species 4. West Africa. (Under _Cynometra_ L.) =Hymenostegia= Harms

Bracteoles sepal-like, hairy outside, equalling the bracts. Receptacle funnel-shaped. Sepals 4. Shrubs. Leaves with 3-4 pairs of leaflets.--Species 1. West Africa. =Loesenera= Harms

71. Sepals 5, very unequal, the lowest very large. Receptacle very short. Trees. Leaves pinnate.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Cymbosepalum= Bak.

Sepals 4-5, equal or nearly equal. 72

72. Receptacle (calyx-tube) long and narrow. Sepals 4. Stalk of the ovary obliquely adnate to the receptacle. 73

Receptacle short and usually broad. 75

73. Bracteoles large, petaloid, enclosing the bud. Receptacle with a thick disc on one side. Shrubs. Leaves pinnate, with 2-4 leaflets.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons.) =Plagiosiphon= Harms

Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, or wanting. Leaves simple or pinnate with many leaflets. 74

74. Leaves simple. Shrubs.--Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). =Zenkerella= Taub.

Leaves abruptly pinnate. Trees.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). The bark is used as a condiment. =Scorodophloeus= Harms

75. Ovule 1. Stalk of the ovary obliquely adnate to the receptacle. Sepals 4. Trees. Leaves simple.--Species 1. East Africa. =Podogynium= Taub.

Ovules 2, rarely 3. Leaves abruptly pinnate. 76

76. Filaments united into a ring at the base, unequal, hairy. Sepals 5. Ovary glandular. Trees. Leaves with 3-6 pairs of leaflets. Flowers in terminal, many-flowered racemes.--Species 1. East Africa. =Stuhlmannia= Taub.

Filaments free. Bracteoles none. 77

77. Flowers in panicles. Sepals short. Petals white. Filaments hairy at the base. Fruit flat, lanceolate, opening by two valves. Trees.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). Yields timber. =Umtiza= Sim

Flowers in racemes or corymbs. Sepals usually long. 78

78. Flowers in terminal, few-flowered corymbs. Filaments hairy at the base. Fruit flat, ovate, beaked, opening by two valves. Low, glandular shrubs.--Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). The seeds are edible. =Cordeauxia= Hemsl.

Flowers in racemes springing from the axils of the leaves or from the old wood. 79

79. Fruit lanceolate, flat, bursting in the middle of the valves, but remaining closed at the sutures. Sepals 5. Corolla yellow. Filaments erect, hairy at the base. Stalk of the ovary free. Trees. (See 51.) =Haematoxylon= L.

Fruit more or less ovate and turgid, opening in two valves. Filaments usually glabrous.--Species 20. West Africa and Madagascar. Some species yield timber and resin (copal). =Cynometra= L.

80. (58.) Petals reduced to minute scales or wanting. Trees. 81

Petals well developed. 87

81. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud, persisting during the time of flowering. Calyx consisting of 1-5 scale-like sepals, or replaced by a 10-lobed disc, or wanting altogether. 82

Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, falling off early. Calyx of 4-5 well-developed sepals. 83

82. Disc fleshy. Petals 5, awl-shaped. Stamens 5-6. Stipules small, connate.--Species 4. West Africa. =Didelotia= Baill.

Disc none. Stamens 10-20, more or less united at the base. Ovules few. Fruit oblong or linear, opening in two valves. Seeds exalbuminous.--Species 20. Central Africa. The seeds of some species are eaten and the bark is used as a substitute for cloth. (Under _Didelotia_ Baill.) =Brachystegia= Benth.

83. Sepals 5. Petals 0. Stamens 5. Disc expanded. Ovary in its centre, subsessile. Ovules numerous. Style very short; stigma peltate. Fruit linear, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers polygamous-dioecious. Bracteoles very small, deciduous.--Species 1 (_C. Siliqua_ L., carob-tree). North Africa. The fruits are edible, and used as fodder and for preparing brandy and medicaments; the seeds serve as a substitute for coffee. =Ceratonia= L.

Sepals 4. Stamens 8-10. Disc not expanded. 84

84. Petals 5, scale-like. Stamens 10. Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers in panicles.--Species 12. Central and South Africa. They yield timber, gum, and edible seeds from which meal is prepared. (_Theodora_ Medik.) =Schotia= Jaqu.

Petals none. 85

85. Stamens 8, alternatingly unequal. Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Leaves unequally pinnate. Flowers in compound racemes. Bracteoles linear.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). =Hylodendron= Taub.

Stamens 10, rarely 8, but then equal in length. Ovary short-stalked. Ovules few. 86

86. Stamens unequal, 10. Fruit oblong, winged, indehiscent. Seeds pendulous. Leaves equally pinnate. Flowers in simple racemes.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Apaloxylon= Drake

Stamens equal in length. Fruit broad-oblong to orbicular, dehiscing in two valves. Leaves unequally pinnate.--Species 5. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. (_Apalatoa_ Aubl.) =Crudia= Schreb.

87. (80.) Well developed petal 1; sometimes 2-4 rudimentary petals in addition. Trees. 88

Well developed petals 3-6. Leaves abruptly pinnate. 93

88. Petal sessile. Sepals 4. Leaves abruptly pinnate. 89

Petal with a long claw. 90

89. Receptacle minute. Sepals scale-like. Petal orbicular. Stamens 3, short. Ovary with a short stalk. Ovules 4. Stigma truncate. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud, persistent at flowering. (See 65.) =Cryptosepalum= Benth.

Receptacle rather large, narrowly top-shaped. Sepals large, coloured. Petal oblong. Stamens 10, long. Ovary with a long stalk. Ovules numerous. Stigma capitate. Bracteoles falling off early.--Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber and an aromatic resin. =Daniella= Benn.

90. Fertile stamens 3. 91

Fertile stamens 5-10. 92

91. Bracteoles enclosing the bud, persisting at flowering. Petal folded together in the bud. Flowers small or middle-sized. (See 67.) =Macrolobium= Schreb.

Bracteoles shorter than the bud, falling off during the time of flowering. Receptacle elongated. Sepals 4. Fruit oblong. Flowers rather large.--Species 1. Madagascar and neighbouring islands. It yields timber, edible seeds, and medicaments. (Under _Afzelia_ Smith). =Intsia= Thouars

92. Fertile stamens 6-8. Sepals 4. Bracteoles shorter than the bud. Seed with an aril.--Species 4. Central Africa to Delagoa Bay. They yield timber; the aril is edible, the seeds are poisonous and used medicinally. (Under _Intsia_ Thouars) =Afzelia= Smith

Fertile stamens 5 or 10. Sepals usually 5. Petal folded in bud, whitish. Bracteoles enclosing the bud.--Species 15. Central Africa. The wood and the bark are used, the latter for making cloth. =Berlinia= Soland.

93. (87.) Sepals 6-7. Petals 6, subequal. Fertile stamens 6-8, barren ones 4-7. Trees.--Species 1. East Africa. =Englerodendron= Harms

Sepals 4-5. 94

94. Sepals 5. Trees. 95

Sepals 4. 96

95. Petals more or less unequal, white or yellowish. Stamens 5 or 10. Fruit dehiscent. Bracteoles enclosing the bud. (See 92.) =Berlinia= Soland.

Petals subequal, red. Stamens 10. Fruit winged, indehiscent. Seeds pendulous.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Bathiaea= Drake

96. Fertile stamens 3. Petals unequal, 3 of them larger than the other two. Trees. 97

Fertile stamens 10 or more. 98

97. Filaments united nearly half their length. Petals yellowish or red-striped. Fruit indehiscent. Leaves with many pairs of leaflets. Bracteoles narrow, falling off early.--Species 3. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, edible fruits from which drinks and medicaments are prepared, and oily seeds. =Tamarindus= L.

Filaments free. Fruit dehiscent. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud. (See 67.) =Macrolobium= Schreb.

98. Stamens numerous, united at the base. Anthers linear. Petals subequal. Bracteoles enclosing the bud. Trees.--Species 1. West Africa. =Polystemonanthus= Harms

Stamens 10. 99

99. Bracteoles large, enclosing the bud. 100

Bracteoles small, not enclosing the bud, falling off early. 101

100. Petals very unequal, 3 large, 2 very small. Filaments united at the base. Ovules numerous. Leaves with several pairs of leaflets. Flowers in panicles.--Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber and resin. (Under _Daniella_ Benn.) =Cyanothyrsus= Harms

Petals subequal. Ovules few. Shrubs. Leaves with 1-2 pairs of leaflets. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles petaloid. (See 73.) =Plagiosiphon= Harms

101. Filaments, excepting one, united high up. Petals pink, narrow; blade passing gradually into the claw. Sepals unequal, subvalvate in bud. Receptacle very short. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Leaflets 7-9, alternate.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. =Tessmannia= Harms

Filaments free or united at the base. 102

102. Petals sessile or nearly so, subequal, red. Leaves with 2-16 pairs of leaflets. Flower in panicles. (See 84.) =Schotia= Jacq.

Petals with a long or rather long claw. Trees. 103

103. Sepals slightly imbricate. Petals subequal. Filaments, excepting one, united at the base. Leaves with 1-4 pairs of leaflets. Flowers large, in racemes.--Species 7. West Africa to the Great Lakes. =Baikiaea= Benth.

Sepals much imbricate. Petals white. Filaments free. Ovules few. Leaves with one pair of leaflets. Flowers in panicles.--Species 2. Tropics. They yield timber and resin (copal) which is used for turnery and carving and for making lacs and varnishes. (Under _Hymenaea_ L.) =Trachylobium= Hayne

104. (28.) Filaments free or nearly so. Shrubs or trees. 105

Filaments, all or all excepting one, united into a tube or sheath. 126

105. Stamens 4-5. Filaments very short. Anthers attached by the base, opening at the top; 2-3 of them united. Ovary 4-winged. Ovules 2. Stigma terminal. Calyx-lobes 4, unequal. Petals 5, shorter than the calyx, unequal, red. Leaves pinnate. (See 56.) =Duparquetia= Baill.

Stamens 8-10. [Tribes SOPHOREAE and PODALYRIEAE.] 106

106. Leaves simple and undivided or unifoliolate. Corolla papilionaceous. 107

Leaves pinnate or palmately trifoliolate. 112

107. Calyx shortly toothed, not slit. Corolla whitish; petals of the keel slightly cohering. Ovules few. Shrubs with arched or climbing branches. Stipules ovate or lanceolate. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Bracteoles large, enclosing the flower, persistent.--Species 1. West Africa. =Dalhousiea= Grah.

Calyx shortly toothed but slitting as the flower expands, on one or both sides, or deeply cleft. Bracteoles not enclosing the flower, rather large but deciduous, or small. 108

108. Calyx shortly toothed, but deeply slit in one or two places. Corolla white or yellow; petals of the keel free or nearly so. Ovules few. 109

Calyx subequally 4-5-cleft. Stipules awl-shaped or wanting. 110

109. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary long-stalked. Calyx slit on one side. Corolla white; petals of the keel free. Fruit long-stalked, falcate-ovate, turgid. Seeds oblong, with a thick aril. Flowers in panicles. Bracteoles small.--Species 1. West Africa. =Leucomphalus= Benth.

Anthers shorter than the filaments. Ovary nearly sessile. Fruit compressed. Seeds ovate or orbicular.--Species 50. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some of them yield timber (camwood), dye-stuffs, or edible fruits. (Including _Bracteolaria_ Hochst.) =Baphia= Afz.

110. Petals of the keel free. Flowers in 5-10-flowered racemes.--Species 1. West Africa. =Ormosia= Jacks.

Petals of the keel united. Flowers solitary or in 2-4-flowered fascicles. 111

111. Corolla yellow; keel shortly beaked. Fruit compressed. Leaves sessile, without stipules. Flowers solitary.--Species 10. South Africa. The leaves are used as a substitute for tea or as a medicament. =Cyclopia= Vent.

Corolla red or reddish-white; keel blunt. Ovary sessile. Fruit turgid. Leaves short-stalked, with deciduous stipules. Hairy plants.--Species 20. South Africa. =Podalyria= Lam.

112. (106.) Leaves palmately trifoliolate. Corolla papilionaceous. 113

Leaves pinnate. 115

113. Petals subequal, yellow, those of the keel united. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Fruit oblong, not septate. Erect shrubs. Leaves sessile, leathery, exstipulate. Flowers solitary, axillary, with bracteoles. (See 111.) =Cyclopia= Vent.

Petals of the keel free. Ovary stalked. Fruit linear. Leaves stalked, stipulate. Flowers in racemes. 114

114. Standard shorter than the wings. Petals yellow. Fruit septate between the seeds. Erect shrubs. Leaves herbaceous; stipules connate. Flowers without bracteoles.--Species 2. North Africa. Poisonous and medicinal. =Anagyris= L.

Standard as long as or longer than the wings. Petals clawed, yellowish-white. Climbing shrubs. Leaves leathery. Flowers with small, deciduous bracteoles.--Species 3. West Africa. (_Giganthemum_ Welw.) =Camoënsia= Welw.

115. Corolla nearly regular; petals subequal. 116

Corolla papilionaceous; petals conspicuously unequal, at least one of them (the standard) very different from the others. 118

116. Petals entire. Anthers linear, Ovules more than 2. (See 34.) =Cadia= Forsk.

Petals 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Anthers ovate. Ovules 1-2. 117

117. Petals shortly lobed. Ovary short-stalked. Leaflets 9-11. Flowers in racemes.--Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). =Dicraeopetalum= Harms

Petals deeply left. Ovary long-stalked. Leaflets 13-19. Flowers in panicles.--Species 2. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). =Amphimas= Pierre

118. Petals of the keel united. 119

Petals of the keel free. 121

119. Petals long-clawed, red. Ovary sessile. Ovules few. Fruit compressed, not winged, leathery, dehiscing in two valves. Trees. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles none.--Species 1. South Africa and St. Helena. Yields timber and is used as an ornamental plant. =Virgilia= Lam.

Petals short-or not clawed, white, yellow or violet. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit tardily or not dehiscing. 120

120. Fruit compressed, winged at the upper suture, membranous. Calyx-lobes unequal. Petals yellow; those of the keel curved. Flowers in racemes. Bracteoles none.--Species 9. South and Central Africa. =Calpurnia= E. Mey.

Fruit terete or nearly so, constricted between the seeds, 4-winged or wingless, leathery, woody or fleshy.--Species 6. Tropical and South-east Africa. They yield timber, dye-stuffs, and medicaments, and are also used as ornamental plants. =Sophora= L.

121. Standard broad-oblong or narrow-ovate, clawed and auricled. Calyx very shortly toothed. Filaments slightly united at the base, excepting one. Ovary long-stalked, hairy. Style very short, almost straight. Ovules numerous. Trees. Flowers in panicles.--Species 1. Madagascar. (Under _Cadia_ Forsk.) =Pseudocadia= Harms

Standard broad-ovate or orbicular. Ovary short-stalked or almost sessile. 122

122. Calyx shortly toothed or entire. Stigma terminal. Fruit almost terete, constricted between the seeds. 123

Calyx deeply cleft. Fruit flat. 124

123. Stalk of the ovary obliquely adnate to the curved receptacle (calyx-tube). Standard suborbicular, slightly exceeding the other petals. Filaments free. Flowers in racemes arising from the old wood.--Species 5. Central Africa. =Angylocalyx= Taub.

Stalk of the ovary not adnate to the receptacle. Style curved at the apex. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles. (See 120.) =Sophora= L.

124. Ovule 1. Stigma terminal. Flowers in racemes. Leaflets 5-7.--Species 1. East Africa. =Platycelephium= Harms

Ovules 2 or more. Leaflets 7-13. 125

125. Stigma terminal. Corolla blue. Flowers in racemes. Leaflets curved and pointed.--Species 1. South Africa. =Bolusanthus= Harms

Stigma lateral. Corolla red or green. Flowers in panicles.--Species 2. West Africa. They yield timber. =Afrormosia= Harms

126. (104.) Filaments all, or the alternate ones, broadened at the apex. [Especially tribe LOTEAE.] 127

Filaments not broadened at the apex. 147

127. Filaments monadelphous, i.e., all united into a tube or sheath, at least when young. 128

Filaments diadelphous, i.e., united into a sheath, excepting one, which is free from the others, at least at the base, but sometimes connate with them in the middle or slightly cohering with them at the very base. 131

128. Leaves equally pinnate or reduced to the broadened stalk, usually ending in a tendril or bristle. Stipules large, leaf-like. Flowers solitary or in racemes, without bracteoles. Petals short-clawed. Anthers all alike. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Style-apex bearded on the inner face. Fruit opening by two valves. Herbs.--Species 35. North Africa and the mountains of the tropics. Several species yield edible tubers or seeds, vegetables, fodder, medicaments, or perfumes; some are poisonous or used as ornamental plants. (Including _Orobus_ L.) =Lathyrus= L.

Leaves unequally pinnate, digitate, or unifoliolate. Style glabrous. 129

129. Leaflets minutely toothed, 1 or 3, very rarely more. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Flowers solitary or in racemes. Calyx-lobes long, subequal. Petals short-clawed. Anthers usually of two kinds. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.--Species 60. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some are used as vegetables or in medicine. =Ononis= L.

Leaflets entire. Stipules small or wanting. Flowers in heads or umbels, sometimes almost solitary. Petals long-clawed. Anthers all alike. Fruit not or tardily dehiscing. 130

130. Ovary sessile. Ovules 2. Fruit protruding beyond the calyx, linear, shortly or not beaked, slightly 4-angled, spirally coiled. Silky herbs. Flowers in umbels, very small, reddish-yellow, without bracteoles.--Species 1. Abyssinia. =Helminthocarpum= A. Rich.

Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Fruit enclosed by the calyx or slightly protruding; in the latter case beaked. Flowers in heads or nearly solitary.--Species 12. North Africa and Abyssinia. Some species (especially _A. Vulneraria_ L.) are used as fodder-, dyeing-, medicinal-, or ornamental plants. (Including _Cornicina_ Boiss., _Dorycnopsis_ Boiss., and _Physanthyllis_ Boiss.) =Anthyllis= L.

131. (127.) Keel beaked. 132

Keel blunt or somewhat pointed. 138

132. Ovary short-stalked. Ovules 2. Calyx deeply and equally divided. Corolla yellow. Fruit spirally coiled, flat, margined, indehiscent. Herbs. Lowermost leaves simple, with adnate stipules, upper pinnate, without stipules. Flowers in few-flowered heads.--Species 1. North Africa. (_Circinus_ Medik.) =Hymenocarpos= Savi

Ovary sessile. Ovules more than two. Calyx more or less unequally divided. Flowers solitary or in umbels. 133

133. Leaves simple, undivided. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Upper calyx-teeth united high up. Petals long-clawed, yellow. Fruit spirally coiled, almost terete, ribbed. Herbs.--Species 5. North Africa and Abyssinia. =Scorpiurus= L.

Leaves pinnate, sometimes apparently digitate. 134

134. Fruit jointed. 135

Fruit not jointed. Herbs or undershrubs. 136

135. Joints of the fruit and seeds curved. Fruit more or less flattened, with the upper edge notched at each seed. Corolla yellow. Leaves with 5 or more leaflets.--Species 9. North Africa. =Hippocrepis= L.

Joints of the fruit and seeds straight, oblong. Fruit not or slightly flattened. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, stipulate.--Species 12. North Africa. Some species are poisonous or used as ornamental or medicinal plants. =Coronilla= L.

136. Leaves with many leaflets. Stipules small, membranous. Corolla yellow. Fruit flat, slightly curved. Seeds quadrate. Glabrous herbs.--Species 1. North Africa. (_Bonaveria_ Scop., _Securidaca_ Gaertn.). =Securigera= DC.

Leaves with 4-5 leaflets, of which the 1-2 lowest have usually the appearance of stipules. Stipules very small or wanting. Keel gibbous on each side. Seeds globular or lenticular. 137

137. Fruit longitudinally 4-winged or 4-angled.--Species 5. North Africa. Used as fodder or as vegetables. (Under _Lotus_ L.) =Tetragonolobus= Scop.

Fruit neither 4-winged nor 4-angled.--Species 50. Some of them are used as vegetables, fodder, or ornamental plants. (Including _Heinekenia_ Webb, _Lotea_ Medik., and _Pedrosia_ Lowe). =Lotus= L.

138. (131.) Petals, at least the lower, adnate below to the staminal tube. Standard oblong or ovate. Erect or prostrate herbs. Leaves pinnate or palmate; leaflets 3-5, usually toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers solitary or in umbels, heads, or spikes.--Species 70. North and South Africa and mountains of Central Africa. Many of them are used as fodder or in medicine. “Clover.” =Trifolium= L.

Petals free from the staminal tube. Leaflets entire, rarely toothed, but then more than 5. Stipules usually free or wanting. 139

139. Leaves unifoliolate, stipellate; stalk winged. Flowers in spikes. Calyx-lobes unequal. Uppermost stamen free at the base, but united with the others in the middle. Ovary sessile. Ovules 3-4.--Species 4. Central Africa. (Under _Desmodium_ Desv.) =Droogmansia= De Wild.

Leaves pinnate, digitate, or reduced to the usually broadened stalk. 140

140. Leaves equally pinnate or reduced to the stalk. Leaflets entire. Stipules leaf-like. Flowers solitary or in racemes. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Style-apex broadened and bearded. Fruit 2-valved. Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs. 141

Leaves unequally pinnate or digitate. Ovary sessile or nearly so. 142

141. Style-apex laterally compressed with reflexed edges, hence grooved above. Corolla white or red; wings adhering to the keel. Herbs with tendrils. Leaflets 2-6.--Species 3. North Africa, also cultivated in the tropics. They yield fodder and edible seeds (peas), from which also starch is prepared. =Pisum= L.

Style-apex compressed dorsally, with the edges bent downwards or straight. (See 128.). =Lathyrus= L.

142. Stem woody throughout. Leaves unequally pinnate. Flowers in racemes or fascicles. Upper calyx-teeth united for the greatest part. Corolla red or violet; wings slightly adhering to the keel; standard with a callus at the base. Fruit linear, flat.--Species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa. The seeds of some species are used as a fish-poison. =Mundulea= DC.

Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. 143

143. Flowers in racemes. Calyx-teeth unequal. Corolla blue; standard suborbicular, with a callus and two auricles; keel somewhat longer than the wings and the standard. Uppermost stamen cohering with the others at the base. Style-apex bearded. Ovules 2. Twining undershrubs.--Species 1. Equatorial East Africa (Kilimandjaro). =Spathionema= Taub.

Flowers solitary or in umbels or heads. 144

144. Leaflets toothed. Stipules leaf-like. Flowers solitary. Corolla white or blue. Fruit ovate to oblong, turgid, 2-valved.--Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia; one species also cultivated in Angola. They yield edible seeds (chick-peas) and are used medicinally. =Cicer= L.

Leaflets entire. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely solitary, but then corolla yellow. 145

145. Leaflets numerous. Leaf-stalk long. Flowers very small, in heads or umbels. Keel nearly straight. Fruit jointed.--Species 6. North Africa and high mountains of Central Africa. Some are used as fodder. “Birds-foot.” (Including _Arthrolobium_ Desv.) =Ornithopus= L.

Leaflets 3-5, the lower usually stipule-like. Leaf-stalk short or wanting. 146

146. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular, with a long claw. Fruit jointed. Undershrubs with long silky hairs. Stipules small. Flowers solitary or 2-3 together in the axils of the leaves.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). (_Ludovicia_ Coss.) =Hammatolobium= Fenzl

Corolla white or red; standard oblong or ovate, short-clawed; wings coherent towards the apex, longitudinally folded or transversely gibbous; keel gibbous on each side. Fruit continuous, terete, 2-valved. Stipules very small or wanting.--Species 6. North Africa. (Including _Bonjeania_ Reichb.) =Dorycnium= Vill.

147. (126.) Anthers of two kinds, five shorter and attached by the back, the others longer and attached by the base, or the alternate ones rudimentary. 148

Anthers all alike. 205

148. Leaves digitate, unifoliolate, simple, or wanting. [Tribe GENISTEAE.] 149

Leaves pinnate, but sometimes with three leaflets. 195

149. Uppermost stamen free or nearly so. 150

Uppermost stamen united with the others into a tube or sheath. 158

150. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. Leaves stipulate. 151

Stem woody throughout. Leaves usually exstipulate. 154

151. Keel with a straight beak. Anthers bearded. Stigma lateral. Fruit linear. Leaves simple, sessile. Flowers in axillary racemes.--Species 2. Southern West Africa. (Under _Indigofera_ L.) =Rhynchotropis= Harms

Keel with a spirally twisted beak or without a beak. Anthers not bearded. Stigma terminal. Leaves unifoliolate or digitate. 152

152. Keel spirally beaked. Fruit oblong. Flowers opposite the leaves, solitary or 2-3 together. Bracteoles 2.--Species 2. South Africa to Amboland. =Bolusia= Benth.

Keel curved inwards, not beaked. Flowers in axillary or terminal inflorescences. Bracteoles none. 153

153. Keel somewhat pointed. Ovules several. Fruit linear. Leaves digitate. Corolla reddish.--Species 1. East Africa. =Parochetus= Hamilt.

Keel blunt. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate. Gland-dotted plants.--Species 60. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. =Psoralea= L.

154. Keel with a lateral gibbosity or spur. Anthers distinctly unequal. Leaves simple. 155

Keel without a lateral appendage. Anthers nearly equal. 156

155. Keel beaked. Corolla yellowish-green, shorter than the calyx. Ovule 1. Flowers in small terminal heads.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Lathriogyne= Eckl. & Zeyh.

Keel blunt. Corolla red or white, longer than the calyx.--Species 10. South Africa. =Amphithalea= Eckl. & Zeyh.

156. Corolla blue, red, or white. Ovule 1. Leaves unifoliolate or digitate, stipulate. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Corolla yellow. Ovules 2 or more. Leaves simple, exstipulate. 157

157. Calyx-lobes very unequal, the lowest very large and petaloid. Standard ovate or oblong; wings oblong. Inflorescence surrounded by large bracts.--Species 4. South Africa. =Liparia= L.

Calyx-lobes about equal. Standard suborbicular; wings obovate. Bracts not very large.--Species 15. South Africa. =Priestleya= DC.

158. (149.) Filaments united into a sheath which is slit above. 159

Filaments united into a tube which is closed all round. 180

159. Style bearded or ciliate on the inside towards the apex. 160

Style glabrous inside. 161

160. Fruit flat, oblong or ovate, stalked, downy, 2-seeded. Shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate.--Species 1. Island of Socotra. =Priotropis= Wight & Arn.

Fruit turgid.--Species 220. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some yield fibres, dyes, vegetables, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. =Crotalaria= L.

161. Ovule 1. 162

Ovules 2 or more. 163

162. Leaves stipulate. Flowers ebracteolate, blue, pink or white. Keel incurved. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum, adhering to the pericarp. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Leaves exstipulate. Flowers bracteolate, red, yellow or white. Keel almost straight, gibbous at each side. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Silky-hairy shrubs. Leaves simple, sessile. Flowers usually in pairs in the axils of the leaves.--Species 8. South Africa. =Coelidium= Vog.

163. Leaves simple and undivided or unifoliolate, usually exstipulate. 164

Leaves digitate, with 3, rarely 5-7 leaflets, usually stipulate. 171

164. Calyx-lobes distinctly unequal, the 1-3 lowest usually narrower than the rest. 165

Calyx-lobes about equal. 169

165. Petals adnate at the base to the staminal tube, yellow; wings auricled at the base; keel with a blunt spur at each side. Ovules 2. Shrubs clothed with long hairs. Leaves stalked, linear. Flowers axillary. Bracteoles leaf-like.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Walpersia= Harv.

Petals free from the staminal tube. 166

166. Petals red, long-clawed, glabrous. Fruit ovate, turgid. Prostrate undershrubs clothed with long reddish-brown hairs. Leaves imbricate sessile, lanceolate. Flowers in short racemes.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Euchlora= Eckl. & Zeyh.

Petals yellow, rarely white or red, but then short-clawed and leaves fascicled. 167

167. Leaves in tufts of 3 or more, usually thread-shaped.--Species 150. South Africa. =Aspalathus= L.

Leaves scattered, flat. Petals yellow. Fruit linear or lanceolate, more or less flattened. 168

168. Plant hairy. Leaves stalked.--Species 90. =Lotononis= DC.

Plant glabrous.--Species 30. South Africa. Some are used medicinally. =Rafnia= Thunb.

169. Leaves more or less distinctly stalked, narrow, usually thread-shaped. Flowers in racemes, yellow. Fruit linear. Funicle very short.--Species 25. South Africa. =Lebeckia= Thunb.

Leaves sessile. 170

170. Leaves many-nerved, flat, stiff. Calyx 5-cleft, with pungent segments. Corolla yellow; standard villous. Fruit linear or lanceolate, slightly flattened.--Species 15. South Africa. =Borbonia= L.

Leaves one-or few-nerved, usually thread-shaped and in tufts. Fruit obliquely-ovate or-lanceolate. Funicle filiform. (See 167.) =Aspalathus= L.

171. (163.) Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-toothed or 2-parted, the lower 3-toothed or 3-parted. Corolla yellow. Fruit linear. 172

Calyx not 2-lipped, all segments subequal or the 4 upper ones united in pairs. 174

172. Keel longer than the standard and the wings. Calyx deeply two-lipped. Fruit flat, somewhat constricted and with thin partitions between the seeds, not glandular. Undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers solitary. Bracteoles small.--Species 4. South Africa. =Dichilus= DC.

Keel shorter than the standard. Leaves stipulate. 173

173. Fruit glandular-hairy or viscid, flat, usually constricted between the seeds. Calyx tubular, usually shortly two-lipped. Shrubs or undershrubs. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Bracteoles mostly leaf-like.--Species 12. South Africa. =Melolobium= Eckl. & Zeyh.

Fruit hairy, but not glandular. Calyx deeply two-lipped. Standard suborbicular. Bracteoles usually small.--Species 60. (_Tephrothamnus_ Sweet, including _Macrolotus_ Harms) =Argyrolobium= Eckl. & Zeyh.

174. Calyx-lobes distinctly unequal, the upper 4 united in pairs, the lowest separate and narrow. 175

Calyx-lobes about equal. 177

175. Keel and style straight. Standard spatulate. Bracteoles bristle-like.--Species 3. South Africa. (_Pleiospora_ Harv.) =Phaenohoffmannia= O. Ktze.

Keel and style curved inwards. Bracteoles none. 176

176. Fruit flattened, repeatedly folded and twisted from side to side. Corolla yellow; keel exceeding the standard. Stigma oblique. Herbs. Flowers in racemes.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Listia= E. Mey.

Fruit slightly flattened or turgid, straight or curved. (See 168.) =Lotononis= L.

177. Fruit winged, flat, ovate or oblong, stalked, indehiscent. Petals long-clawed, yellow; keel exceeding the standard. Ovary stalked. Ovules few. Shrubs. Flowers in racemes.--Species 7. South Africa. (_Viborgia_ Thunb.) =Wiborgia= Thunb.

Fruit not winged. Ovules usually numerous. 178

178. Fruit ovate, 1-3-seeded. Corolla white, yellowish, or red; standard with a long claw, clothed with long hairs. Shrubs. Flowers in spikes or heads, without bracteoles.--Species 10. South Africa. =Buchenroedera= Eckl. & Zeyh.

Fruit linear, lanceolate, or oblong. 179

179. Seeds with a very short funicle. Fruit linear. Corolla yellow. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Flowers in terminal racemes. (See 169.) =Lebeckia= Thunb.

Seeds with a long funicle. Fruit flattened or slightly inflated. Leaves usually stipulate. (See 168.) =Lotononis= L.

180. (158.) Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping. Corolla blue, rose, or white. Bracteoles none. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Ovules 2 or more. 181

181. Calyx 2-lipped. 182

Calyx subequally 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Leaves 1-or 3-foliolate. 191

182. Calyx deeply 2-lipped. 183

Calyx slightly 2-lipped. Leaves 1-3-foliolate or wanting. 188

183. Leaves reduced to scales or spines. Spinous shrubs. Calyx and corolla yellow. Fruit oblong or ovate, 1-4-seeded.--Species 6. North Africa; one species (_U. europaeus_ L.) also naturalized in South Africa, the Mascarenes, and St. Helena. This species is used as a garden-or hedge-plant and furnishes a dye-stuff, fodder, and a substitute for tea. “Furze.” =Ulex= L.

Leaves digitate, with 2-9 leaflets. 184

184. Leaflets 5-9. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Keel beaked; wings cohering at the apex.--Species 10. North and Central Africa. They yield manure, fodder, vegetables, medicaments, and edible seeds which serve also as a substitute for coffee; several species are used as ornamental plants. =Lupinus= L.

Leaflets 2-4. Stipules usually free. Wings free. 185

185. Leaflets 2 or 4, very rarely 3. Lateral calyx-lobes much shorter than the others. Fruit jointed, bristly or spiny, indehiscent. Herbs or undershrubs.--Species 3. Tropical and South Africa. Used as fodder. =Zornia= Gmel.

Leaflets 3. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. 186

186. Fruit covered with glandular tubercles or hairs. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Corolla yellow; keel curved inwards. Shrubs.--Species 7. North and Central Africa. =Adenocarpus= DC.

Fruit not glandular, but usually hairy. 187

187. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs.--Species 15. North Africa. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Including _Sarothamnus_ Wimm., _Spartocytisus_ Webb, and _Teline_ Medik.) =Cytisus= L.

Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Corolla yellow. (See 173.) =Argyrolobium= Eckl. & Zeyh.

188. (182.) Calyx sheath-like, split on one side after flowering. Corolla yellow; keel and wings adnate below to the staminal tube; keel acuminate, curved inwards; wings obovate. Stigma oblique. Fruit linear. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Shrubs or trees. Leaves unifoliolate, without stipules.--Species 1 (_S. junceum_ L., Spanish broom). North Africa. Yields fibres and medicaments and is used as an ornamental plant. =Spartium= L.

Calyx not sheath-like. Keel obtuse or free from the staminal tube. 189

189. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Fruit linear or oblong, flat. Petals free from the staminal tube. Shrubs. (See 187.) =Cytisus= L.

Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. 190

190. Keel distinctly curved inwards; wings and keel free from the staminal tube; standard suborbicular. Fruit linear or oblong, flat, covered with glandular tubercles or hairs. Shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate, with small stipules. Flowers in racemes, yellow. (See 186.) =Adenocarpus= DC.

Keel straight or nearly so, blunt, gibbous at each side; wings and keel usually adnate to the staminal tube; the former oblong; standard ovate. Fruit usually inflated. Shrubs or undershrubs.--Species 40. North Africa. Some species yield fibres, dyes, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including _Retama_ Boiss.) =Genista= L.

191. (181.) Calyx deeply divided. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Leaflets minutely toothed. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. (See 129.) =Ononis= L.

Calyx shortly toothed. Filaments not broadened above. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Leaflets entire. 192

192. Calyx obscurely toothed, coloured. Corolla yellow, free from the staminal tube. Fruit thickened or winged at the upper suture. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Spinous shrubs. Leaves digitate, without stipules. Flowers solitary or in fascicles.--Species 3. North Africa. Used medicinally. =Calycotome= Link

Calyx distinctly toothed. Corolla red, blue, or white. 193

193. Petals with a long claw, blue or violet; wings and keel adnate at the base to the staminal tube. Fruit oblong, glandular-hairy. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Spinous shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate on the young branches, unifoliolate on the older. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Bracteoles small, leaf-like.--Species 1. North Africa (Algeria). Used medicinally. =Erinacea= Boiss.

Petals with a short claw or sessile, free from the staminal tube. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Unarmed plants. Leaves trifoliolate. Flowers in racemes or panicles. 194

194. Keel shorter than the standard. Corolla red or violet. Fruit linear, many-seeded. Shrubs. Bracteoles bristle-like.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Hypocalyptus= Thunb.

Keel longer than the standard. Corolla red or white. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, few-seeded. Undershrubs.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Loddigesia= Sims

195. (148.) Leaves equally pinnate. 196

Leaves unequally pinnate. 197

196. Leaflets 4. Flowers solitary or in spikes. Calyx with a long, narrow tube and unequal lobes. Corolla yellow or whitish; keel beaked. Filaments all united. Ovules 2-3. Fruit oblong, inflated, continuous within, indehiscent, ripening beneath the soil. Stem herbaceous.--Species 1 (_A. hypogaea_ L., ground-nut). Cultivated. The seeds are edible and yield oil; the leaves are used as a vegetable or as fodder. =Arachis= L.

Leaflets numerous. Flowers in racemes. Calyx with a wide tube, truncate or with subequal lobes. Keel blunt or somewhat pointed. Filaments united, excepting one. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear, with transverse partitions.--Species 15. Tropics to Natal and Egypt. Some species yield timber, fibre, fodder, or medicaments, or serve as garden-or hedge-plants. =Sesbania= Pers.

197. Leaflets 3. 198

Leaflets numerous. 203

198. Leaflets with stipels. 199

Leaflets without stipels. 201

199. Filaments all united. Corolla red; standard unappendaged; keel almost straight, blunt, shorter than the wings. Style short and thick. Flowers very small. Twining herbs.--Species 3. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used medicinally. =Teramnus= Swartz

Filaments united, excepting the uppermost, which is free at least at the base. Standard auricled at the base; keel curved. Flowers large or rather large. 200