Chapter V: Dicotyledoneae (25)

333. Involucral bracts in several rows, the outer shorter. Fruits 4-angled, glabrous. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves dissected. Heads rather small.--Species 6. South and East Africa. (Under _Tanacetum_ L.) =Schistostephium= Less.

Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows, nearly equal. 334

334. Pappus ring-or crown-shaped. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided.--Species 20. Some of them are used as ornamental or medicinal plants (camomile). (Including _Chamaemelum_ Vis., _Chlamydophora_ Ehrenb., _Courrantia_ Schultz, and _Otospermum_ Willk.) =Matricaria= L.

Pappus wanting. 335

335. Stem herbaceous. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches. (See 216.) =Cotula= L.

Stem woody, shrubby. Leaves entire. Heads in corymbs. Fruits compressed, glabrous.--Species 1. South Africa. =Peyrousea= DC.

336. Heads in leafy racemes or spikes sometimes arranged in elongated (not corymb-like) panicles. Pappus wanting. (See 222.) =Artemisia= L.

Heads solitary or in corymbs. 337

337. Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows, nearly equal. Herbs. Leaves pinnately divided. (See 334.) =Matricaria= L.

Involucral bracts in several rows, the outer ones shorter. 338

338. Stem herbaceous. Leaves alternate. (See 219.) =Chrysanthemum= L.

Stem woody, shrubby. 339

339. Leaves opposite. Pappus wanting. 340

Leaves alternate. 341

340. Heads in corymbs. Involucral bracts in few rows. Fruits with 12-15 ribs. Leaves usually forked.--Species 2. South Africa. =Gymnopentzia= Benth.

Heads solitary, seated between lateral tufts of leaves. Involucral bracts in many rows. Fruits 3-4-ribbed. Leaves entire, connate in pairs at the base.--Species 1. South Africa. =Asaemia= Harv.

341. Leaves toothed, lobed, or divided. Fruits 5-ribbed.--Species 20. South Africa and southern Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. =Pentzia= Thunb.

Leaves entire. 342

342. Heads in corymbs. Central flowers sterile. Pappus none.--Species 3. South Africa. =Stilpnophytum= Less.

Heads few together at the ends of the branches. Flowers all fertile.--Species 3. South Africa. (Including _Adenosolen_ DC. and _Brachymeris_ DC.) =Marasmodes= DC.

343. (331.) Female or neutral marginal flowers with a thread-shaped corolla or without a corolla. 344

Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla. 350

344. Hermaphrodite flowers 4-merous. Herbs or undershrubs. 345

Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Marginal flowers with a corolla. 349

345. Involucral bracts of two kinds, the outer four broad and membranous, the inner numerous, longer and narrower, scarious. Marginal flowers in one row, without a corolla. Corolla of the central flowers with a large appendage enclosing the fruit. Pappus none. Leaves opposite. Heads stalked, solitary, terminating the branches.--Species 2. South Africa. =Otochlamys= DC.

Involucral bracts equal or nearly so. 346

346. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows, the outer shorter. Marginal flowers with a corolla. Outer fruits compressed and hairy, the inner 4-angled, glabrous. Leaves fan-shaped or pinnately divided. (See 333.) =Schistostephium= Less.

Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, about equal. 347

347. Heads stalked, solitary, terminating the branches. (See 216.) =Cotula= L.

Heads sessile or arranged in racemes or corymbs. Marginal flowers with a corolla. Leaves undivided. 348

348. Female flowers in one row.--Species 1. Island of Rodrigues. =Abrotanella= Cass.

Female flowers in several rows. Pappus wanting.--Species 1. Tropics. (_Myriogyne_ Less.) =Centipeda= Lour.

349. Heads in racemes or spikes sometimes arranged in elongated (not corymb-like) panicles. Involucral bracts in few rows. Marginal flowers in one row. Fruits without ribs and without a pappus. (See 222.) =Artemisia= L.

Heads solitary or in corymbs. (See 219.) =Chrysanthemum= L.

350. (343.) Involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, the outer much shorter. 351

Involucral bracts in few rows, about equal in length. 352

351. Leaves decurrent, undivided. Herbs. Heads in corymbs. Hermaphrodite flowers 5-merous. Fruits glandular-hairy. Pappus of scales.--Species 1. South Africa. =Lepidostephium= Oliv.

Leaves not decurrent. (See 219.) =Chrysanthemum= L.

352. Involucral bracts broad. Herbs. Leaves dissected. 353

Involucral bracts narrow. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves entire, toothed, lobed, or cleft. Corolla-limb of the ray-flowers elongate, entire. 354

353. Corolla of the ray-flowers yellow, very shortly strap-shaped. Fruits compressed, 1-2-ribbed, without a pappus. Heads solitary on long stalks thickened above. (See 216.). =Cotula= L.

Corolla of the ray-flowers white, usually long strap-shaped. Fruits usually several-ribbed and provided with a pappus. (See 334.) =Matricaria= L.

354. Ray-flowers fertile. Disc-flowers 5-merous. Fruits 8-10-ribbed, glandular-warted. Leaves linear or divided into 3 linear segments.--Species 7. South Africa. (Including _Adenachaena_ DC. and _Iocaste_ E. Mey.) =Phymaspermum= Less.

Ray-flowers sterile. Disc-flowers 4-merous. 355

355. Corolla-lobes of the disc-flowers acuminate. Involucre campanulate. Heads short-stalked. Leaves linear, entire. Shrubs.--Species 2. South Africa. =Thaminophyllum= Harv.

Corolla-lobes of the disc-flowers not acuminate. Involucre hemispherical. Heads long-stalked. Leaves lobed or cleft. Undershrubs.--Species 3. South Africa. =Lidbeckia= Berg

356. (316.) Receptacle with scales between the flowers. 357

Receptacle glabrous, rarely hairy, without scales between the flowers. 383

357. Pappus of 5-6 large scales sometimes intermixed with bristles. Fruits 10-ribbed, not compressed. Involucral bracts in several rows, scarious at the edges. Ray-flowers in one row, neuter, with a yellow, strap-shaped corolla. Style-branches truncate, with a terminal crown of hairs. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, usually toothed or pinnately divided. Heads solitary or in lax panicles.--Species 65. South Africa and Abyssinia. (Including _Sphenogyne_ R. Br.) =Ursinia= Gaertn.

Pappus wanting or crown-shaped or consisting of bristles or minute scales, rarely of 1-2 or 8-16 larger scales. Involucral bracts rarely scarious at the edges. Leaves usually opposite. [Tribe HELIANTHEAE.] 358

358. Pappus of feathery bristles. Fruits hairy, angular. Involucral bracts subequal, in 2-3 rows. Ray-flowers yellow, with a strap-shaped corolla. Prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, broad, toothed. Heads on long stalks.--Species 1. Naturalized in South Africa, Madagascar, and the neighbouring islands. =Tridax= L.

Pappus of simple (not feathery) bristles or of scales sometimes united into a crown, or wanting. 359

359. Pappus, at least on the inner fruits, formed of 8-16 rather large, fringed scales. Fruits angular. Receptacle conical. Marginal flowers in one row, white, fertile, rarely wanting. Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, embracing the outer fruits. Heads small, hemispherical.--Species 1. Naturalized in East Africa. =Galinsoga= Ruiz & Pav.

Pappus formed of minute scales or of 1-2 larger scales or of bristles, or crown-shaped, or wanting. 360

360. Female or neuter marginal flowers persisting in the fruit, with a strap-shaped corolla. Receptacle conical. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads on long stalks.--Species 1. Naturalized in various regions. Ornamental plants. =Zinnia= L.

Female or neuter marginal flowers falling off before maturity or wanting. 361

361. Inner fruits compressed from front to back. Scales on the receptacle between the flowers flat or convex, not keeled. Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting. [Subtribe COREOPSIDINAE.] 362

Inner fruits not or laterally compressed. [Subtribe VERBESININAE.] 368

362. Pappus formed of 2-6 barbed bristles (which are armed with minute reflexed prickles). Herbs. Leaves opposite, toothed or divided. 363

Pappus formed of bristles which are not barbed, at least on the inner fruits, or ring-shaped, or wanting. 364

363. Fruits beaked. Ray-flowers red.--Species 1. Naturalized in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands. =Cosmos= Cav.

Fruits not beaked. Ray-flowers, if present, yellow or white.--Species 20. Some of them are used medicinally, others are noxious weeds. (Including _Kerneria_ Moench) =Bidens= L.

364. Involucral bracts 3-6. Marginal flowers female. Corolla glabrous at the base. Pappus of the inner fruits of 2-3 awns. Herbs. Leaves opposite. 365

Involucral bracts numerous, in two rows. 366

365. Involucral bracts partly herbaceous, partly membranous. Outer fruits winged. Heads several together in the leaf-axils.--Species 1. Naturalized in Central Africa. =Synedrella= Gaertn.

Involucral bracts herbaceous. Fruits all similar, not winged. Heads solitary.--Species 1. West Africa (Congo). =Calyptrocarpus= Less.

366. Involucral bracts free, the outer herbaceous, the inner membranous. Ray-flowers female. Corolla hairy at the base. Pappus none. Herbs. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite. Heads solitary or in cymes, stalked.--Species 8. Central Africa. One of the species yields oil from the seeds (ramtil-oil). =Guizotia= Cass.

Involucral bracts more or less united. Corolla glabrous at the base. 367

367. Ray-flowers female. Fruits oblong, many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus a minutely toothed crown. Herbs. Leaves opposite, divided. Heads in panicles.--Species 1. Abyssinia. =Microlecane= Schultz

Ray-flowers neuter or wanting. Pappus of two teeth or awns, or ring-shaped, or wanting.--Species 50. Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. =Coreopsis= L.

368. (361.) Inner fruits much compressed laterally. Pappus of two awns or wanting. Receptacle convex, conical, or cylindrical. Herbs. 369

Inner fruits slightly or not compressed. 370

369. Fruits winged. Receptacle convex. Involucre as long as the disc. Heads in lax corymbs. Leaves alternate, at least the upper ones.--Species 1. Naturalized in the tropics and in Egypt. Used medicinally. (_Ximenesia_ Cass.) =Verbesina= L.

Fruits not winged. Receptacle elongated. Involucre much shorter than the disc. Heads solitary. Leaves opposite.--Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. Yields condiments and medicaments. =Spilanthes= L.

370. Inner involucral bracts embracing the outer fruits. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves opposite. 371

Inner involucral bracts not embracing the outer fruits. 372

371. Female marginal flowers in one row. Heads in panicles.--Species 5. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Some are used medicinally. =Siegesbeckia= L.

Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a strap-shaped corolla. Heads solitary, sessile. Marsh plants.--Species 1. Central Africa. =Enydra= Lour.

372. Receptacle-scales wholly enclosing the fruits. Pappus ring-shaped or wanting. Flowers all hermaphrodite with a tubular corolla or the marginal neuter with a strap-shaped corolla. Receptacle convex or conical. Herbs.--Species 2. Central Africa. =Sclerocarpus= Jacq.

Receptacle-scales partly or not enclosing the fruits. 373

373. Receptacle-scales very narrow, nearly bristle-like. Pappus wanting. Marginal flowers in two rows, with a strap-shaped corolla. Herbs. Leaves opposite. Heads solitary or in pairs.--Species 2. They yield dye-stuffs, salad, and medicaments. =Eclipta= L.

Receptacle-scales broad or rather broad, convex or keeled. 374

374. Pappus wanting. Heads containing hermaphrodite and female flowers. Herbs. Leaves opposite. 375

Pappus present. 376

375. Inner flowers 4-merous, outer with a very shortly strap-shaped corolla-limb. Fruits 4-angled. Leaves oblong. Heads in groups of three.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Micractis= DC.

Inner flowers 5-merous, outer with a rather long strap-shaped corolla-limb. Fruits 2-3-angled. Leaves ovate.--Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. =Wedelia= Jacq.

376. Pappus ring-shaped. Fruits 4-angled. Receptacle flat. Receptacle-scales slit. Heads in corymbs; all flowers hermaphrodite. Shrubs. Leaves alternate.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Temnolepis= Bak.

Pappus cup-shaped or formed of scales and bristles. Herbs or undershrubs 377

377. Pappus of free, caducous bristles or scales. 378

Pappus of bristles united at the base, or cup-shaped with or without free bristles. 379

378. Pappus-bristles 1-4, more or less broadened below. Heads large. Ray-flowers neuter.--Species 3. Cultivated and sometimes naturalized. Used as ornamental plants (sunflower) and yielding edible tubers, dye-stuffs, and oily seeds from which bread may be prepared. =Helianthus= L.

Pappus-bristles thin, usually numerous. Heads middle-sized. Receptacle convex. Receptacle-scales acuminate. Leaves opposite.--Species 17. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Including _Lipotriche_ R. Br.) =Melanthera= Rohr

379. Heads with all the flowers hermaphrodite, arranged in corymbs. Receptacle convex. Receptacle-scales with a coloured appendage. Anthers arrow-shaped. Fruits 5-ribbed. Pappus a toothed cup. Leaves alternate, linear. (See 246.) =Omphalopappus= O. Hoffm.

Heads with the inner flowers hermaphrodite, the outer female or neuter. 380

380. Marginal flowers neuter, with a strap-shaped corolla. Leaves opposite.--Species 40. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. =Aspilia= Thouars

Marginal flowers female. 381

381. Marginal flowers with a tubular or shortly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus of 2-5 unequal bristles united at the base. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite.--Species 4. Central Africa. =Blainvillea= Cass.

Marginal flowers with a distinctly strap-shaped corolla. Pappus cup-shaped, with or without awns. Heads stalked. 382

382. Leaves alternate. Fruits 4-5-angled, many-ribbed.--Species 6. Madagascar. =Epallage= DC.

Leaves opposite. Fruits 2-3-angled, with indistinct angles. (See 375.) =Wedelia= Jacq.

383. (356.) Female marginal flowers in several rows, with a yellow, thread-shaped, 2-3-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in several rows, imbricate, with scarious edges. Fruits without ribs. Pappus of one row of bristles. Leaves alternate, undivided. Heads solitary or in glomerules. (See 183.) =Phagnalon= Cass.

Female or neuter marginal flowers in one row, with a strap-shaped, rarely a tubular but 4-toothed corolla, or wanting. [Tribe HELENIEAE.] 384

384. Female marginal flowers with a tubular, 4-toothed corolla. Involucral bracts in 4-5 rows. Receptacle pitted. Pappus of scales. Herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads in panicles.--Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). =Welwitschiella= O. Hoffm.

Female or neuter marginal flowers with a strap-shaped corolla or wanting. Heads solitary or in glomerules. 385

385. Receptacle bristly. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows. Anthers arrow-shaped, the halves pointed at the base. Pappus of scales. Herbs. Leaves alternate or radical. Heads solitary.--Species 1. Naturalized in Central Africa. An ornamental plant. =Gaillardia= Foug.

Receptacle glabrous, rarely (_Tagetes_) ciliate at the edges of the pits. 386

386. Involucral bracts in 3-4 rows. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, entire. Heads solitary.--Species 9. Central Africa. (Including _Hypericophyllum_ Steetz). =Jaumea= Pers.

Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows. 387

387. Involucral bracts free. 388

Involucral bracts united below. Heads solitary. Anthers entire at the base or with blunt halves. 390

388. Involucral bracts numerous. Heads many-flowered. Female marginal flowers numerous. Anthers arrow-shaped, the halves pointed at the base. Pappus none. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate or all radical. Heads solitary. (See 124.) =Dimorphotheca= Moench

Involucral bracts 2-6. Heads few-flowered. Female marginal flowers solitary or wanting. Anthers entire at the base or with blunt halves. Heads in glomerules. 389

389. Pappus wanting. Herbs. Leaves opposite.--Species 2. Naturalized in Egypt and Eritrea. They yield dyes and medicaments. =Flaveria= Juss.

Pappus of slit scales. Small shrubs. Leaves alternate.--Species 1. South Africa. =Phaeocephalus= S. Moore

390. Pappus wanting. Fruits 5-10-ribbed. Leaves alternate.--Species 15. South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. =Gamolepis= Less.

Pappus of scales or bristles. Herbs. 391

391. Pappus of 3-6 scales. Fruits scarcely ribbed. Leaves opposite, pinnately divided.--Species 3. Naturalized. Ornamental plants, also yielding dyes and medicaments. =Tagetes= L.

Pappus of numerous bristles or slit scales. Fruit 10-12-ribbed. Leaves alternate, undivided.--Species 1. South Africa. =Cadiseus= E. Mey.

STATISTICAL TABLE

showing the number of Genera and Species and the Geographical Distribution of each Family.

====================++=============++=============++=============++=============++=============++=============++============= || Whole || Africa || Africa || North || Central || Malagasy || South || Earth || (in all) ||(indigenous) || Africa || Africa || Islands || Africa ====================++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+======++======+====== Cycadaceae || 9 | 85 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || | || 1 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 15 Ginkgoaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Taxaceae || 11 | 100 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3 Pinaceae || 26 | 260 || 6 | 25 || 5 | 25 || 5 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3 Gnetaceae || 3 | 45 || 3 | 8 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 5 || 3 | 5 || | || | --------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ Gymnospermae || 50 | 500 || 14 | 65 || 13 | 65 || 7 | 20 || 7 | 20 || 3 | 3 || 4 | 20 --------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ Typhaceae || 1 | 9 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 Pandanaceae || 3 | 240 || 1 | 65 || 1 | 65 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 50 || | Sparganiaceae || 1 | 15 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | Potamogetonaceae || 9 | 100 || 8 | 35 || 8 | 35 || 8 | 20 || 4 | 20 || 6 | 20 || 4 | 5 Naiadaceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 10 || 1 | 10 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 7 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 Aponogetonaceae || 1 | 20 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 20 || | || 1 | 8 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 9 Scheuchzeriaceae || 5 | 15 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 3 Alismataceae || 12 | 75 || 9 | 15 || 9 | 15 || 4 | 5 || 8 | 10 || 4 | 4 || | Butomaceae || 4 | 7 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | Hydrocharitaceae || 15 | 65 || 10 | 40 || 10 | 40 || 4 | 4 || 9 | 35 || 8 | 10 || 1 | 1 Triuridaceae || 2 | 25 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | Gramineae || 373 | 3700 || 205 | 1600 || 199 | 1600 || 108 | 380 || 130 | 850 || 66 | 200 || 80 | 460 Cyperaceae || 77 | 3000 || 40 | 880 || 40 | 880 || 9 | 90 || 25 | 490 || 26 | 270 || 28 | 350 Palmae || 169 | 1200 || 36 | 100 || 33 | 100 || 3 | 4 || 13 | 40 || 24 | 60 || 2 | 2 Cyclanthaceae || 6 | 45 || | || | || | || | || | || | Araceae || 115 | 1100 || 33 | 150 || 28 | 140 || 6 | 10 || 21 | 120 || 6 | 6 || 3 | 10 Lemnaceae || 3 | 25 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 10 || 2 | 4 || 3 | 5 Flagellariaceae || 3 | 7 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 Restionaceae || 23 | 250 || 12 | 230 || 12 | 230 || | || 1 | 1 || | || 12 | 230 Centrolepidaceae || 7 | 40 || | || | || | || | || | || | Mayacaceae || 1 | 7 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1|| | || | Xyridaceae || 2 | 55 || 1 | 40 || 1 | 40 || | || 1 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 8 Eriocaulaceae || 9 | 570 || 4 | 80 || 4 | 80 || | || 4 | 60 || 3 | 15 || 2 | 10 Thurniaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | Rapateaceae || 7 | 25 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | Bromeliaceae || 57 | 920 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | Commelinaceae || 29 | 320 || 12 | 160 || 12 | 160 || 1 | 5 || 12 | 140 || 6 | 25 || 5 | 20 Pontederiaceae || 6 | 20 || 3 | 5 || 3 | 5 || | || 3 | 5 || 1 | 1 || | Cyanastraceae || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || | || 1 | 5 || | || | Philydraceae || 3 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | Juncaceae || 8 | 280 || 3 | 55 || 3 | 55 || 2 | 30 || 2 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 30 Stemonaceae || 3 | 8 || | || | || | || | || | || | Liliaceae || 228 | 2600 || 79 | 1450 || 75 | 1450 || 27 | 130 || 37 | 600 || 22 | 65 || 52 | 880 Haemodoraceae || 9 | 30 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || | || | || 4 | 6 Amaryllidaceae || 83 | 950 || 33 | 310 || 29 | 300 || 6 | 20 || 16 | 110 || 5 | 15 || 19 | 190 Velloziaceae || 2 | 70 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 25 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 9 Taccaceae || 2 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 2 || | Dioscoreaceae || 10 | 240 || 2 | 45 || 2 | 45 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 15 Iridaceae || 60 | 1100 || 39 | 600 || 37 | 600 || 5 | 30 || 13 | 120 || 6 | 10 || 32 | 500 Musaceae || 6 | 85 || 4 | 25 || 3 | 20 || | || 1 | 15 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 4 Zingiberaceae || 41 | 900 || 11 | 120 || 7 | 110 || | || 4 | 110 || 4 | 6 || 1 | 3 Cannaceae || 1 | 40 || 1 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | Marantaceae || 27 | 290 || 12 | 60 || 11 | 55 || | || 11 | 55 || 2 | 2 || | Burmanniaceae || 18 | 60 || 4 | 15 || 4 | 15 || | || 4 | 10 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1 Orchidaceae || 500 | 7400 || 97 | 1600 || 97 | 1600 || 14 | 50 || 55 | 900 || 56 | 370 || 37 | 430 --------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ Monocotyledonae || 1944 |26000 || 681 | 7800 || 650 | 7750 || 206 | 800 || 381 | 3850 || 261 | 1200 || 298 | 3200 --------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ Casuarinaceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || 1 | 2 || | Saururaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | Piperaceae || 9 | 1100 || 3 | 80 || 3 | 80 || | || 3 | 40 || 2 | 40 || 2 | 7 Chloranthaceae || 4 | 35 || | || | || | || | || | || | Lacistemaceae || 1 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | Salicaceae || 2 | 200 || 2 | 20 || 2 | 20 || 2 | 12 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 3 Garryaceae || 1 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | Myricaceae || 1 | 55 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 13 Balanopsidaceae || 2 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || | Leitneriaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | Juglandaceae || 6 | 40 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | Batidaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Julianiaceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | Betulaceae || 6 | 90 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | Fagaceae || 5 | 370 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || 2 | 9 || | || | || | Ulmaceae || 15 | 120 || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || 2 | 2 || 4 | 20 || 3 | 10 || 3 | 7 Moraceae || 70 | 1000 || 26 | 260 || 19 | 250 || 1 | 5 || 15 | 200 || 9 | 65 || 1 | 12 Urticaceae || 43 | 580 || 20 | 150 || 19 | 150 || 4 | 13 || 17 | 75 || 11 | 55 || 9 | 20 Proteaceae || 55 | 1000 || 13 | 400 || 13 | 400 || | || 3 | 50 || 2 | 2 || 12 | 360 Myzodendraceae || 1 | 10 || | || | || | || | || | || | Santalaceae || 26 | 250 || 6 | 140 || 6 | 140 || 2 | 5 || 3 | 55 || 2 | 3 || 5 | 90 Opiliaceae || 7 | 25 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || | || 2 | 15 || | || 1 | 1 Grubbiaceae || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || 1 | 4 Olacaceae || 27 | 160 || 11 | 70 || 11 | 70 || | || 9 | 55 || 4 | 13 || 1 | 1 Octoknemataceae || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 3 || | || | Loranthaceae || 26 | 900 || 4 | 300 || 4 | 300 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 240 || 3 | 45 || 2 | 40 Balanophoraceae || 14 | 50 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || 2 | 3 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 3 Aristolochiaceae || 6 | 200 || 1 | 30 || 1 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 1 Rafflesiaceae || 7 | 25 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 Hydnoraceae || 2 | 10 || 1 | 8 || 1 | 8 || | || 1 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 2 Polygonaceae || 34 | 800 || 9 | 120 || 8 | 120 || 5 | 50 || 5 | 45 || 2 | 20 || 4 | 45 Chenopodiaceae || 76 | 450 || 26 | 120 || 25 | 120 || 24 | 75 || 12 | 40 || 3 | 6 || 9 | 40 Amarantaceae || 56 | 500 || 32 | 200 || 32 | 200 || 8 | 17 || 28 | 140 || 12 | 35 || 18 | 50 Nyctaginaceae || 20 | 170 || 5 | 30 || 3 | 30 || 1 | 6 || 3 | 12 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 6 Cynocrambaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | Phytolaccaceae || 22 | 120 || 5 | 15 || 4 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 4 | 8 || 3 | 4 || 2 | 8 Aizoaceae || 24 | 600 || 20 | 480 || 20 | 480 || 6 | 10 || 14 | 45 || 6 | 12 || 20 | 440 Portulacaceae || 18 | 210 || 6 | 35 || 6 | 35 || 1 | 2 || 2 | 13 || 2 | 5 || 5 | 20 Basellaceae || 5 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | Caryophyllaceae || 79 | 1500 || 45 | 280 || 45 | 280 || 37 | 200 || 22 | 60 || 7 | 8 || 15 | 40 Nymphaeaceae || 8 | 60 || 3 | 20 || 3 | 20 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 20 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 Ceratophyllaceae || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 3 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 Trochodendraceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | Cercidiphyllaceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | Ranunculaceae || 32 | 1200 || 11 | 140 || 11 | 140 || 11 | 70 || 5 | 30 || 2 | 13 || 4 | 23 Lardizabalaceae || 7 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || | Berberidaceae || 9 | 150 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 4 || 1 | 2 || | || | Menispermaceae || 63 | 360 || 27 | 100 || 27 | 100 || 1 | 1 || 20 | 75 || 10 | 25 || 6 | 15 Magnoliaceae || 13 | 110 || | || | || | || | || | || | Calycanthaceae || 1 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | Lactoridaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Anonaceae || 76 | 900 || 27 | 240 || 26 | 230 || | || 25 | 200 || 11 | 30 || 5 | 8 Myristicaceae || 16 | 250 || 9 | 25 || 7 | 20 || | || 5 | 15 || 2 | 5 || | Gomortegaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Monimiaceae || 30 | 250 || 6 | 30 || 6 | 30 || | || 3 | 6 || 4 | 25 || 1 | 1 Lauraceae || 48 | 1100 || 15 | 75 || 12 | 70 || 4 | 5 || 6 | 30 || 7 | 35 || 3 | 10 Hernandiaceae || 4 | 25 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 7 || | || 3 | 4 || 2 | 4 || | Papaveraceae || 31 | 400 || 11 | 50 || 9 | 50 || 7 | 40 || 4 | 7 || | || 4 | 10 Capparidaceae || 43 | 450 || 20 | 260 || 20 | 260 || 7 | 15 || 19 | 200 || 7 | 35 || 8 | 40 Cruciferae || 232 | 1900 || 88 | 420 || 87 | 410 || 75 | 270 || 28 | 85 || 4 | 8 || 21 | 110 Tovariaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | Resedaceae || 6 | 55 || 6 | 45 || 6 | 45 || 6 | 30 || 5 | 10 || | || 1 | 5 Moringaceae || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || | Sarraceniaceae || 3 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || | Nepenthaceae || 1 | 60 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || 1 | 2 || | Droseraceae || 4 | 85 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 15 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 10 Podostemonaceae || 30 | 130 || 9 | 25 || 9 | 25 || | || 8 | 20 || 3 | 6 || 2 | 2 Hydrostachyaceae || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || | || 1 | 4 || 1 | 12 || 1 | 1 Crassulaceae || 18 | 550 || 10 | 400 || 10 | 400 || 5 | 110 || 6 | 60 || 5 | 50 || 6 | 200 Cephalotaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Saxifragaceae || 78 | 650 || 11 | 25 || 10 | 25 || 3 | 10 || 4 | 7 || 6 | 7 || 3 | 4 Pittosporaceae || 9 | 110 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 2 Brunelliaceae || 1 | 10 || | || | || | || | || | || | Cunoniaceae || 21 | 130 || 3 | 17 || 3 | 17 || | || | || 1 | 15 || 2 | 2 Myrothamnaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 Bruniaceae || 12 | 55 || 12 | 55 || 12 | 55 || | || | || | || 12 | 55 Hamamelidaceae || 20 | 50 || 3 | 20 || 3 | 20 || | || 1 | 2 || 2 | 15 || 1 | 2 Eucommiaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Platanaceae || 1 | 6 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | Crossosomataceae || 1 | 3 || | || | || | || | || | || | Rosaceae || 102 | 1700 || 32 | 230 || 30 | 220 || 18 | 65 || 13 | 85 || 5 | 20 || 12 | 65 Connaraceae || 20 | 180 || 12 | 140 || 12 | 140 || | || 12 | 130 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 1 Leguminosae || 522 |11500 || 261 | 3300 || 253 | 3300 || 54 | 550 || 182 | 1650 || 82 | 440 || 88 | 1000 Pandaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | Geraniaceae || 11 | 500 || 6 | 350 || 6 | 350 || 3 | 50 || 6 | 25 || 2 | 2 || 5 | 280 Oxalidaceae || 7 | 300 || 3 | 160 || 2 | 160 || 1 | 4 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 25 || 1 | 120 Tropaeolaceae || 1 | 50 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | Linaceae || 13 | 130 || 7 | 60 || 6 | 60 || 2 | 20 || 6 | 30 || 2 | 8 || 1 | 5 Humiriaceae || 3 | 20 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | Erythroxylaceae || 2 | 200 || 2 | 40 || 2 | 40 || | || 2 | 5 || 1 | 35 || 1 | 4 Zygophyllaceae || 28 | 170 || 12 | 90 || 12 | 90 || 9 | 35 || 6 | 18 || 2 | 3 || 7 | 50 Cneoraceae || 1 | 10 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | Rutaceae || 125 | 950 || 33 | 320 || 30 | 310 || 1 | 8 || 17 | 80 || 7 | 35 || 17 | 210 Simarubaceae || 32 | 150 || 16 | 40 || 16 | 40 || | || 13 | 35 || 4 | 5 || 1 | 1 Burseraceae || 18 | 350 || 7 | 160 || 7 | 160 || | || 6 | 120 || 3 | 20 || 1 | 20 Meliaceae || 49 | 800 || 23 | 150 || 23 | 150 || | || 18 | 100 || 8 | 45 || 5 | 15 Malpighiaceae || 65 | 700 || 16 | 80 || 16 | 80 || | || 10 | 45 || 10 | 30 || 4 | 13 Trigoniceae || 3 | 30 || | || | || | || | || | || | Vochysiaceae || 5 | 100 || | || | || | || | || | || | Tremandraceae || 3 | 25 || | || | || | || | || | || | Polygalaceae || 11 | 700 || 6 | 240 || 6 | 240 || 1 | 10 || 5 | 90 || 1 | 20 || 4 | 140 Dichapetalaceae || 3 | 100 || 2 | 75 || 2 | 75 || | || 2 | 65 || 1 | 12 || 1 | 1 Euphorbiaceae || 278 | 4500 || 122 | 1200 || 117 | 1150 || 5 | 70 || 95 | 600 || 47 | 360 || 31 | 220 Callitrichaceae || 1 | 25 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 6 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 Buxaceae || 7 | 30 || 3 | 8 || 3 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 2 Empetraceae || 3 | 4 || 2 | 2 || 2 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | || | || 1 | 1 Coriariaceae || 1 | 8 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | Limnanthaceae || 2 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | Anacardiaceae || 69 | 480 || 29 | 250 || 26 | 240 || 2 | 6 || 16 | 130 || 12 | 30 || 9 | 95 Cyrillaceae || 3 | 6 || | || | || | || | || | || | Pentaphylacaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Corynocarpaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Aquifoliaceae || 4 | 280 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 5 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 Celastraceae || 51 | 500 || 15 | 160 || 15 | 160 || 2 | 4 || 5 | 50 || 9 | 35 || 11 | 90 Hippocrateaceae || 3 | 200 || 3 | 110 || 3 | 110 || | || 3 | 100 || 2 | 12 || 2 | 5 Salvadoraceae || 3 | 9 || 3 | 6 || 3 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 6 || 1 | 1 || 2 | 2 Stackhousiaceae || 2 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | Staphyleaceae || 6 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || | Icacinaceae || 48 | 200 || 19 | 90 || 19 | 90 || | || 15 | 65 || 10 | 20 || 3 | 5 Aceraceae || 2 | 110 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 4 || | || | || | Hippocastanaceae || 3 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | Sapindaceae || 128 | 1100 || 51 | 200 || 47 | 200 || | || 29 | 120 || 23 | 60 || 8 | 15 Sabiaceae || 3 | 70 || | || | || | || | || | || | Melianthaceae || 3 | 30 || 3 | 30 || 30 | || | 1 || 18 | || | 3 || 10 | Balsaminaceae || 2 | 350 || 1 | 100 || 1 | 100 || | || 1 | 85 || 1 | 25 || 1 | 2 Rhamnaceae || 52 | 500 || 18 | 140 || 18 | 140 || 3 | 15 || 14 | 25 || 9 | 20 || 8 | 90 Vitaceae || 12 | 500 || 5 | 200 || 5 | 200 || 2 | 2 || 4 | 160 || 3 | 30 || 2 | 18 Elaeocarpaceae || 8 | 130 || 1 | 15 || 1 | 15 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 15 || | Chlaenaceae || 7 | 25 || 7 | 25 || 7 | 25 || | || | || 7 | 25 || | Gonystilaceae || 1 | 7 || | || | || | || | || | || | Tiliaceae || 45 | 350 || 18 | 260 || 18 | 260 || 2 | 4 || 17 | 180 || 8 | 70 || 4 | 20 Malvaceae || 50 | 900 || 21 | 300 || 21 | 300 || 7 | 40 || 16 | 140 || 13 | 85 || 13 | 85 Bombacaceae || 22 | 140 || 3 | 13 || 3 | 13 || | || 3 | 9 || 1 | 4 || | Sterculiaceae || 57 | 820 || 28 | 470 || 26 | 470 || 1 | 1 || 19 | 190 || 14 | 120 || 6 | 190 Scytopetalaceae || 5 | 40 || 5 | 40 || 5 | 40 || | || 5 | 40 || | || | Dilleniaceae || 14 | 320 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || | || 1 | 18 || 3 | 8 || | Eucryphiaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | Ochnaceae || 22 | 250 || 7 | 150 || 7 | 150 || | || 6 | 120 || 3 | 35 || 3 | 8 Caryocaraceae || 2 | 15 || | || | || | || | || | || | Marcgraviaceae || 5 | 50 || | || | || | || | || | || | Quiinaceae || 2 | 20 || | || | || | || | || | || | Theaceae || 20 | 200 || 6 | 12 || 5 | 10 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 8 || | Guttiferae || 50 | 850 || 16 | 180 || 16 | 180 || 1 | 25 || 12 | 85 || 11 | 80 || 2 | 6 Dipterocarpaceae || 19 | 340 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || | || 1 | 15 || 1 | 1 || | Elatinaceae || 2 | 35 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 15 || 2 | 6 || 1 | 8 || | || 1 | 5 Frankeniaceae || 5 | 60 || 2 | 10 || 2 | 10 || 1 | 9 || 2 | 3 || | || 1 | 3 Tamaricaceae || 4 | 90 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 25 || 3 | 20 || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 2 Fouquieriaceae || 1 | 4 || | || | || | || | || | || | Cistaceae || 7 | 140 || 5 | 75 || 5 | 75 || 5 | 75 || 1 | 1 || | || | Bixaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | Cochlospermaceae || 3 | 20 || 2 | 7 || 2 | 7 || | || 1 | 5 || 1 | 2 || | Koeberliniaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Winteranaceae || 4 | 8 || 2 | 4 || 2 | 4 || | || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | Violaceae || 17 | 450 || 4 | 100 || 4 | 100 || 1 | 15 || 4 | 55 || 3 | 30 || 3 | 8 Flacourtiaceae || 84 | 650 || 46 | 250 || 46 | 250 || | || 39 | 150 || 18 | 95 || 11 | 25 Stachyuraceae || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | || | Turneraceae || 7 | 100 || 7 | 20 || 7 | 20 || | || 3 | 12 || 5 | 6 || 2 | 2 Malesherbiaceae || 1 | 25 || | || | || | || | || | || | Passifloraceae || 13 | 380 || 8 | 75 || 8 | 70 || | || 6 | 45 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 12 Achariaceae || 3 | 3 || 3 | 3 || 3 | 3 || | || | || | || 3 | 3 Caricaceae || 3 | 30 || 2 | 3 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || | Loasaceae || 13 | 230 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || 1 | 1 Datiscaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | Begoniaceae || 5 | 450 || 1 | 110 || 1 | 110 || | || 1 | 90 || 1 | 20 || 1 | 7 Ancistrocladaceae || 1 | 10 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || | Cactaceae || 23 | 1500 || 5 | 13 || 1 | 7 || | || 1 | 3 || 1 | 4 || 1 | 1 Geissolomataceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || 1 | 2 Penaeaceae || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || 5 | 35 || | || | || | || 5 | 35 Oliniaceae || 1 | 7 || 1 | 7 || 1 | 7 || | || 1 | 3 || | || 1 | 4 Thymelaeaceae || 41 | 450 || 17 | 250 || 16 | 250 || 2 | 15 || 8 | 95 || 4 | 17 || 10 | 130 Elaeagnaceae || 3 | 30 || 1 | 2 || | || | || | || | || | Lythraceae || 25 | 500 || 12 | 90 || 11 | 90 || 4 | 15 || 7 | 65 || 7 | 17 || 6 | 25 Sonneratiaceae || 4 | 15 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | Punicaceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || | Lecythidaceae || 19 | 250 || 4 | 15 || 4 | 15 || | || 3 | 8 || 2 | 9 || 1 | 1 Rhizophoraceae || 18 | 60 || 10 | 45 || 10 | 45 || | || 8 | 30 || 8 | 20 || 4 | 5 Nyssaceae || 3 | 8 || | || | || | || | || | || | Alangiaceae || 1 | 20 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | Combretaceae || 17 | 450 || 12 | 330 || 12 | 330 || | || 10 | 280 || 6 | 40 || 4 | 25 Myrtaceae || 76 | 2900 || 10 | 85 || 7 | 75 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 35 || 4 | 35 || 4 | 10 Melastomataceae || 169 | 2800 || 33 | 280 || 33 | 280 || | || 24 | 160 || 14 | 110 || 3 | 9 Oenotheraceae || 39 | 500 || 10 | 40 || 6 | 35 || 6 | 12 || 4 | 20 || 3 | 12 || 4 | 12 Halorrhagaceae || 7 | 150 || 3 | 15 || 3 | 15 || 2 | 4 || 3 | 5 || 3 | 7 || 3 | 3 Hippuridaceae || 1 | 1 || | || | || | || | || | || | Cynomoriaceae || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | Araliaceae || 55 | 660 || 8 | 75 || 8 | 75 || 1 | 1 || 3 | 25 || 7 | 45 || 1 | 10 Umbelliferae || 270 | 2500 || 92 | 410 || 92 | 410 || 71 | 210 || 29 | 80 || 8 | 20 || 30 | 120 Cornaceae || 10 | 100 || 4 | 6 || 4 | 6 || | || 1 | 1 || 2 | 4 || 1 | 1 --------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ Archichlamydeae || 4512 |67500 || 1703 |16700 || 1632 |16600 || 454 | 2300 || 1054 | 7800 || 577 | 2950 || 573 | 5000 --------------------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------++------+------ Clethraceae || 1 | 30 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || | || | Pirolaceae || 10 | 30 || | || | || | || | || | || | Lennoaceae || 3 | 5 || | || | || | || | || | || | Ericaceae || 77 | 1550 || 17 | 720 || 17 | 720 || 5 | 12 || 7 | 40 || 6 | 45 || 12 | 630 Epacridaceae || 23 | 340 || | || | || | || | || | || | Diapensiaceae || 6 | 9 || | || | || | || | || | || | Theophrastaceae || 4 | 70 || | || | || | || | || | || | Myrsinaceae || 32 | 1000 || 10 | 130 || 10 | 130 || 3 | 3 || 5 | 35 || 7 | 95 || 4 | 8 Primulaceae || 22 | 560 || 11 | 45 || 10 | 45 || 9 | 20 || 7 | 20 || 2 | 6 || 3 | 8 Plumbaginaceae || 10 | 280 || 7 | 90 || 7 | 90 || 5 | 60 || 4 | 18 || 1 | 3 || 3 | 15 Sapotaceae || 51 | 650 || 19 | 150 || 16 | 140 || 2 | 2 || 12 | 110 || 5 | 30 || 3 | 15 Hoplestigmataceae || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || 1 | 2 || | || 1 | 2 || | || | Ebenaceae || 7 | 350 || 6 | 150 || 6 | 150 || | || 5 | 80 || 3 | 35 || 4 | 35 Symplocaceae || 1 | 300 || | || | || | || | || | || | Styracaceae || 7 | 110 || 1 | 1 || 1 | 1 || | || 1 | 1 || | || |

GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS

ABORTIVE (_abortivus_). Imperfectly developed.

ACCRESCENT (_accrescens_). Increasing in size with age.

ACCUMBENT (_accumbens_). Placed along the edge, especially of the cotyledons.

ACHENE (_achaenium_). A dry and indehiscent fruit, especially one with a thin pericarp.

ACUMINATE (_acuminatus_). Narrowed at the top and drawn out into a point.

ACUTE (_acutus_). Sharply pointed, but not drawn out.

ADELPHOUS (_adelphus_). United in bundles, e.g., diadelphous = united in two bundles.

ADHERENT (_adhaerens_). Slightly united to an organ of another kind, usually to a part of another whorl.

ADNATE (_adnatus_). Closely united with an organ of another kind, usually with a part of another whorl. Adnate anthers have their halves attached through their whole length to the filament.

AËRIAL (_aëreus_). Growing above the surface of the earth or water.

AESTIVATION (_aestivatio_). Praefloration, i.e., the arrangement of the perianth-leaves in the bud.

ALBUMEN (_albumen_). The nutritive tissue (endosperm or perisperm) in which the embryo is more or less immersed.

ALTERNATE (_alternus_). Placed between two parts; or inserted one on each node.

ANDROGYNOUS (_androgynus_). Containing both male and female flowers.

ANDROPHORE (_androphorum_). An elongation of the receptacle below the stamens.

ANNUAL (_annuus_). Terminating its whole cycle of life within one year.

ANNULAR (_annularis_). Ring-shaped.

ANTERIOR (_anticus_). Placed in front; or turned away from the axis upon which the organ is inserted.

ANTHER (_anthera_). The thickened upper part of the stamen, which encloses the pollen. It usually consists of two halves (cells) containing two pollen-sacs each and opening by a common slit or pore.

APPRESSED (_appressus_). Pressed close.

AREOLE (_areola_). A space marked out on a surface.

ARIL (_arillus_). An expansion of the funicle or the adjoining part of the testa, more or less enveloping the seed.

ASCENDING (_ascendens_). Directed upwards. An ascending stem is more or less prostrate at the base, then erect; an ascending ovule is attached somewhat above the base.

ASYMMETRICAL (_asymmetricus_). Which cannot be divided into two or more similar parts.

AURICLE (_auriculus_). An earlet, i.e., a small roundish lateral appendage of a leaf or leaf-like organ.

AWN (_arista_). A strong bristle-like appendage.

AXIL (_axilla_). The upper angle between a leaf and the stem from which it springs.

AXILE (_axilis_). Placed in the axis.

AXILLARY (_axillaris_). Placed in the axil of a leaf.

AXIS (_axis_). The line round which an organ is developed; or the part of the plant on which other parts are attached, especially the stem.

BACCATE (_baccatus_). Berry-like.

BARBED (_glochidiatus_). Beset with hairs or spines directed backwards.

BASIFIXED (_basifixus_). Attached by the bottom.

BERRY (_bacca_). A succulent indehiscent fruit with a thin and soft (membranous, parchment-like, or cartilaginous) endocarp.

BIENNIAL (_biennis_). Fruiting the second year and then perishing.