Chapter V: Dicotyledoneae (12)

200. Uppermost stamens free at the base, but united with the others at the middle. Corolla red; keel somewhat shorter than the wings. Twining shrubs.--Species 1. Tropics. =Dioclea= H. B. & K.

Uppermost stamens free throughout. Corolla red or yellowish-green; keel as long as or longer than the wings.--Species 20. Tropics. Some of them yield poisons, medicaments, vegetables, fodder, and dyes, or serve as ornamental plants. (_Stizolobium_ P. Br.). =Mucuna= Adans.

201. Stipules free, stem-clasping. Corolla red, blue, or white; keel blunt. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Corolla red or yellow; keel usually beaked. Ovules 2 or more. 202

202. Leaflets toothed. Calyx with a short tube and subequal segments. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, usually terete. (See 129.) =Ononis= L.

Leaflets entire. Calyx with a thread-shaped tube and unequal segments, four of which are connate. Corolla yellow. Ovules 2-3. Base of the style persistent. Fruit flat, separating in two joints or indehiscent. Herbs. Flowers usually intermixed with feathery bristles.--Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. =Stylosanthes= Swartz

203. (197.) Stem woody. Corolla white or red; wings free. Stamens diadelphous at the base, at first monadelphous at the middle. Ovary stalked. Style hairy at the apex. Fruit flat.--Species 1 (_R. Pseudacacia_ L.). Naturalized in North Africa. Yields timber and medicaments and is used as an ornamental plant. The bark and the leaves are poisonous. =Robinia= L.

Stem herbaceous. Corolla blue, yellow, or whitish. Ovary sessile. 204

204. Filaments united, excepting one, or all united into a sheath split above. Wings free. Fruit oblong or ovate, flat or constricted between the seeds.--Species 2. North Africa. They yield medicaments (liquorice), dyes, and material for papermaking. =Glycyrrhiza= L.

Filaments all united into a closed tube. Wings slightly adhering to the keel. Style glabrous. Fruit linear, subterete.--Species 1. North Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental, medicinal, or fodder-plant. “Goats rue.” =Galega= L.

205. (147.) Leaves abruptly pinnate. [Especially tribe VICIEAE.] 206

Leaves imparipinnate, digitate, unifoliolate, simple, or wanting. 220

206. Calyx distinctly two-lipped, the upper lip entire or shortly 2-toothed, the lower one entire, 3-toothed, or 3-parted. Corolla yellow; standard suborbicular. Fruit jointed. Flowers in racemes. 207

Calyx equally or subequally toothed or divided, or entire. 210

207. Bracts very large, imbricate, hiding the flowers and fruits. Bracteoles none. Flowers very small. Filaments all united. Ovules 2. Herbs. Stipules produced at the base into a spur-like appendage.--Species 9. Central Africa. =Geissaspis= Wight & Arn.

Bracts not hiding the flowers, usually small and deciduous. Bracteoles present. 208

208. Fruit enclosed by the enlarged calyx. Filaments all united. Ovules more than two.--Species 30. Tropical and South-east Africa. (_Damapana_ Adans., including _Kotschya_ Endl.) =Smithia= Ait.

Fruit much exceeding the calyx. 209

209. Ovary sessile. Uppermost stamen free. Keel obtuse. Fruit ring-shaped or spirally twisted, flat, glabrous except at the shortly spinous sutures, 2-valved. Herbs. Leaves with 2-4 pairs of leaflets. Stipules spurred at the base. Bracts not spurred.--Species 1. West Africa. =Cyclocarpa= Afz.

Ovary stalked. Fruit straight, curved, or spirally twisted; in the latter case covered with glandular hairs.--Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some species (especially the ambatch, _A. Elaphroxylon_ Taub.) yield cork-wood, fibre, and medicaments. (Including _Herminiera_ Guill. & Perr.) =Aeschynomene= L.

210. Style hairy, usually bearded lengthwise. Fruit more or less flattened, 1-celled, 2-valved. Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. Herbs. Bracteoles rudimentary or wanting. 211

Style glabrous. 214

211. Staminal tube obliquely truncate at its mouth. 212

Staminal tube evenly truncate. 213

212. Style bearded on the inner face. Flowers small. Corolla bluish-white; keel somewhat pointed. Uppermost stamen free. Ovary almost sessile. Ovules 2. Seeds flat.--Species 3. North Africa; also cultivated in northern Central Africa. The seeds of _L. esculenta_ Moench (lentils) are used as food, for the preparation of starch, and in medicine. (Under _Ervum_ L.) =Lens= Gren. & Godr.

Style hairy all round or on the back only; in the latter case flowers large or middle-sized. Seeds globose or slightly flattened.--Species 40. North and East Africa; some species also naturalized in South Africa and the Mascarene Islands. They yield fodder, edible fruits and seeds (especially beans from _V. Faba_ L.), and medicaments; some are used as ornamental plants. “Vetch.” (Including _Ervum_ L. and _Faba_ Tourn.) =Vicia= L.

213. Style-apex compressed laterally, with the margins bent upwards, hence grooved above. Ovary subsessile. Ovules more than 2. Corolla white or red; keel blunt. Uppermost stamens free at the base. Leaves with 1-3 pairs of leaflets. (See 141.) =Pisum= L.

Style-apex compressed dorsally, with the margins straight or bent downwards. (See 128.) =Lathyrus= L.

214. Stamens 9. Calyx-teeth very short. Corolla white or pink; standard adhering to the staminal tube at its base; wings oblong, shorter than the keel. Shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves ending in a bristle. Bracteoles present.--Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Several species (especially _A. praecatorius_ L.) yield fibres, poisonous ornamental seeds (crab-eyes), and medicaments. =Abrus= L.

Stamens 10. 215

215. Connective of the stamens ending in a small point, a gland, or a tuft of hairs. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit transversely chambered, opening by two valves. Herbs undershrubs or shrubs, clothed with appressed hairs fixed at the middle. Bracteoles none.--Species 320. Tropical, South, and North-east Africa. Several species yield a dye (indigo), or are used in medicine or as ornamental plants. =Indigofera= L.

Connective without an appendage. 216

216. Fruit indehiscent, not jointed. Calyx-teeth obscure or wanting. Standard auricled at the base; petals of the keel free. Alternate filaments with a scale at the base. Trees. Leaflets alternate.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Xanthocercis= Baill.

Fruit dehiscent or jointed. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. 217

217. Fruit jointed, dehiscing on one side or indehiscent. Corolla yellow; standard orbicular. Stamens usually all united. (See 209.) =Aeschynomene= L.

Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. 218

218. Fruit transversely septate. Bracteoles bristle-like, deciduous. Uppermost stamen free. (See 196.). =Sesbania= Pers.

Fruit longitudinally septate or 1-celled. Wings adhering to the keel. 219

219. Fruit 1-celled, compressed. Petals with a short claw. Herbs. Leaves ending in a bristle or a tendril. Bracteoles none. (See 212.). =Vicia= L.

Fruit 2-celled, rarely 1-celled but then turgid.--Species 70. North and East Africa to Transvaal and the Cape Verde Islands. Several species yield fodder, tragacanth-gum, manna-like exudations, or edible seeds which are also used as a substitute for coffee. (Including _Acanthyllis_ Pomel, _Erophaca_ Boiss., and _Phaca_ L.) =Astragalus= L.

220. (205.) Leaves unifoliolate, simple, or wanting. 221

Leaves digitate or pinnate, with 3 or more leaflets 251

221. Leaves exstipulate or wanting 222

Leaves stipulate. 224

222. Branches leaf-like. Leaves usually wanting. Trees. Corolla red. Fruit turgid, indehiscent.--Species 5. Madagascar. They yield timber. (Including _Neobaronia_ Bak.) =Phylloxylon= Baill.

Branches not leaf-like. Leaves present. Shrubs. Corolla yellow. Fruit flat, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. 223

223. Flowers in heads surrounded by large imbricate bracts. Lowest calyx-lobe very large, petaloid. Standard ovate or oblong; wings oblong. (See 157.) =Liparia= L.

Flowers solitary or in racemes, umbels, or heads with small or medium-sized bracts. Lowest calyx-lobe equalling or slightly exceeding the others. Standard suborbicular; wings obovate. Bracteoles bristle-like. (See 157.) =Priestleya= DC.

224. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. 225

Stem woody throughout. 241

225. Uppermost stamen united with the others at least in its lower half. 226

Uppermost stamen free from the others throughout or at the base. 229

226. Ovule 1. Ovary sessile. Style slender. Calyx-teeth long and pointed. Petals shortly clawed. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, ovate, indehiscent. Flowers 1-3 in the axils of the leaves.--Species 6. South Africa (Cape Colony). =Hallia= Thunb.

Ovules 2 or more. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. 227

227. Style bearded. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Seeds with an aril. Leaves reduced to the broadened or tendril-bearing petiole. (See 128.) =Lathyrus= L.

Style glabrous. Leaves unifoliolate. 228

228. Style short and broad. Ovary sessile. Petals red, long-clawed. Fruit compressed. Leaflets entire. Stipules awl-shaped. Flowers very small, in axillary racemes.--Species 5. Central Africa to Transvaal. =Microcharis= Benth.

Style awl-shaped. Ovary more or less distinctly stalked. Calyx deeply divided. Petals short-clawed. Leaflets toothed. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Flowers 1-3 in the axils of the leaves. (See 129.) =Ononis= L.

229. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young, free at the base, later sometimes free throughout. 230

Uppermost stamen free from the base or nearly from the base. 234

230. Fruit jointed. 231

Fruit not jointed. 232

231. Upper calyx-lobes separate. Wings small; standard subsessile. Ovary stalked. Ovules 1-3. Leaflets without stipels. Flowers in axillary, few-flowered racemes, with small bracteoles.--Species 5. Nileland and Island of Socotra. =Taverniera= DC.

Upper calyx-lobes more or less united. Wings oblong, adhering to the keel. Ovules 2 or more. Leaflets usually with stipels.--Species 40. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental, medicinal, or textile plants. (_Meibomia_ Moehr.) =Desmodium= Desv.

232. Flowers very small, in pairs in the axils of the leaves, with minute bracteoles. Fruit oblong, with a membranous pericarp, indehiscent. Leaflets without stipels.--Species 2. South Africa to Angola. =Sylitra= E. Mey.

Flowers not very small, in usually terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Fruit with a more or less herbaceous pericarp, dehiscing by two valves. 233

233. Flowers with rather large bracteoles, violet. Ovary shortly stalked. Stigma penicillate. Fruit 4-winged, septate. Stem twining. Leaflets with stipels. Stipules spurred.--Species 4. Tropics. The roots and the fruits are used as vegetables. (_Botor_ Adans.) =Psophocarpus= Neck.

Flowers without bracteoles. Ovary sessile. Fruit flat. Leaflets without stipels, usually with numerous parallel side-nerves.--Species 130. Some of them yield dyes, poisons, and medicaments. (_Cracca_ L., including _Pogonostigma_ Boiss. and _Requienia_ DC.) =Tephrosia= Pers.

234. Connective of the stamens ending in a small point, a gland, or a tuft of hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved. Fruit with transverse partitions. Plants clothed with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. 235

Connective without an appendage. Hairs rarely affixed by the middle. 236

235. Keel beaked. Anthers bearded at base and apex. Style boat-shaped below. Ovules 4-6. Fruit short-stalked, turgid. (See 151.) =Rhynchotropis= Harms

Keel blunt or somewhat pointed, gibbous or spurred on each side. Style thread-shaped. Fruit sessile or nearly so. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

236. Ovule 1. 237

Ovules 2 or more. 238

237. Leaflets with stipels. Flowers in racemes, with broad bracteoles. Calyx-lobes narrow, subequal. Fruit dehiscing by two valves.--Species 2. Madagascar. =Leptodesmia= Benth.

Leaflets without stipels. Leaves gland-dotted. Fruit indehiscent; pericarp adnate to the seed. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

238. Ovules 2. Corolla usually yellow. 239

Ovules 3 or more. Corolla usually red. 240

239. Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the funicle affixed at its apex. Upper calyx-lobes separate or shortly united. Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining plants.--Species 55. Tropical and South Africa. The roots of one species are used in making beer. =Eriosema= DC.

Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at the hilum; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle affixed at or nearly in the middle. Upper calyx-lobes more or less united. Standard orbicular or obovate. Twining or decumbent, more rarely erect plants.--Species 100. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. (_Dolicholus_ Medik.) =Rhynchosia= Lour.

240. Calyx-lobes long, stiff, very unequal, the two upper ones united high up. Style thread-shaped, glabrous. Fruit jointed, indehiscent. Leaves unifoliolate, usually stipellate. Stipules membranous. Flowers small, in racemes, with bracteoles.--Species 9. Tropical and South Africa. (_Fabricia_ Scop.). =Alysicarpus= Neck.

Calyx-lobes subequal. Style flattened, bearded towards the apex. Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. Seeds with a small aril. Leaves reduced to the broadened or tendril-bearing petiole. Stipules leaf-like. Flowers without bracteoles. (See 128.) =Lathyrus= L.

241. (224.) Filaments all united into a tube split on one or on both sides. Bracteoles present. 242

Filaments united into a tube, excepting one which is free, at least at the base. 240

242. Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Standard suborbicular. Fruit jointed. Seeds oblong. Shrubs, usually erect. Flowers in few-flowered racemes.--Species 10. Tropics. (_Diphaca_ Lour., including _Arthrocarpum_ Balf. f.) =Ormocarpum= Beauv.

Ovary stalked. Ovules 2-3. Anthers basifixed. Fruit not jointed, indehiscent. Seeds reniform. Trees or climbing shrubs. Flowers in cymes arranged in many-flowered raceme-or panicle-like inflorescences.--Species 65. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber (Senegal-ebony) and gum-resin. (_Amerimnon_ P.Br., including _Ecastaphyllum_ Rich.) =Dalbergia= L. f.

243. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young. 244

Uppermost stamen free throughout. 245

244. Fruit jointed, indented at one or at both sutures. Leaflets usually with stipels. (See 231.). =Desmodium= Desv.

Fruit not jointed, very thinly or not septate, opening by two valves. Standard clawed, suborbicular. Ovary sessile. Stigma usually hairy. Leaflets usually with numerous parallel side-nerves and without stipels. Bracteoles none. (See 233.) =Tephrosia= Pers.

245. Connective of the stamens ending in a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved. Fruit transversely septate. Shrubs with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. =Bracteoles= none. 246

Connective without an appendage. Hairs rarely fixed by the middle. 247

246. Fruit separating into joints. Petals red, clawed. Ovules numerous. Leafstalk not jointed at the apex.--Species 1. Mascarene Islands. =Bremontiera= DC.

Fruit not jointed, dehiscing by two valves. Standard sessile or short-clawed; keel gibbous or spurred on each side. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

247. Bracteoles present. Trees. Petals yellow, more rarely white marked with violet; those of the keel free or slightly cohering. Ovules 2-4. Fruit compressed, more or less winged, indehiscent.--Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield timber (rose-wood) and a resin (kino) used for tanning and dyeing and for medicinal purposes, also edible fruits and seeds. =Pterocarpus= L.

Bracteoles wanting. Shrubs. 248

248. Ovule 1. Petals blue, red, or white; standard short-clawed; keel curved. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Ovules 2 or more. 249

249. Ovules 3 or more. Petals red. Fruit subterete, constricted between the seeds, indehiscent. Spinous shrubs. Racemes with the rachis ending in a spine.--Species 1. Egypt and Nubia. The resinous exudations (Persian manna) are used for food and in medicine. =Alhagi= Desv.

Ovules 2. Petals red or yellow; standard auricled at base. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. 250

250. Fruit compressed. Seeds with a linear hilum. (See 239.) =Eriosema= DC.

Fruit turgid. Seeds with a short hilum.--Species 5. Tropical and South-east Africa. Used for dyeing and in medicine. (_Moghania_ St. Hil.) =Flemingia= Roxb.

251. (220.) Leaflets 3. 252

Leaflets 4 or more. 330

252. Leaves digitate. 253

Leaves pinnate. 264

253. Uppermost stamen united with the others into a tube or sheath. Ovules numerous. Bracteoles bristle-like. 254

Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base. 257

254. Filaments united into a closed tube. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Herbs or hairy shrubs. 255

Filaments united into a sheath split above. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Glabrous undershrubs, shrubs, or trees. 256

255. Calyx-lobes unequal, the upper approaching in pairs. Standard spatulate; wings obliquely ovate. Anthers slightly unequal. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, dehiscing by two valves. Tall shrubs with brownish hairs. Flowers in head-like spikes. (See 175.) =Phaenohoffmannia= O. Ktze.

Calyx-lobes subequal. Standard ovate or oblong; wings narrow; petals of the keel scarcely cohering. Fruit linear or lanceolate, dehiscing at the upper suture. Decumbent herbs. Flowers very small, solitary or in short racemes.--Species 1. Central Africa. =Rothia= Pers.

256. Keel longer than the standard. Fruit ovate-lanceolate, few-seeded. Undershrubs. (See 194.) =Loddigesia= Sims

Keel shorter than the standard. Fruit linear, many-seeded. Shrubs or trees. (See 194.) =Hypocalyptus= Thunb.

257. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young. 258

Uppermost stamen free. Bracteoles absent. 260

258. Petals, at least the four lower ones, adnate below to the staminal tube. Fruit not jointed, scarcely dehiscent. Herbs. Leaflets usually toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, or umbels. Bracteoles absent. (See 138.) =Trifolium= L.

Petals free from the staminal tube. Ovary sessile. Fruit flat. Leaflets entire. 259

259. Flowers very small, solitary or in pairs in the axils of the leaves, with small bracteoles. Petals yellowish. Fruit oblong; pericarp membranous. Undershrubs. (See 232.) =Sylitra= E. Mey.

Flowers not very small, in racemes, without bracteoles. Petals usually red. Fruit dehiscing by two valves; pericarp more or less herbaceous. (See 233.) =Tephrosia= Pers.

260. Connective of the stamens ending in a gland, a tuft of hairs, or a small point. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit transversely septate, dehiscing by two valves. Plants with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

Connective without an appendage. 261

261. Ovule 1. Keel curved. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Ovules 2 or more. 262

262. Ovules 2. Petals free from the staminal tube; standard auricled at base. Fruit turgid, 1-celled, 2-valved. Shrubs. (See 250.) =Flemingia= Roxb.

Ovules 3 or more, rarely 2, but then lower petals adnate to the staminal tube. Wings exceeding the keel. Herbs. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. 263

263. Petals, at least the four lower ones, adnate to the staminal tube. Keel blunt. Ovules 2-8. Fruit scarcely dehiscent. (See 138.) =Trifolium= L.

Petals free from the staminal tube, red. Keel somewhat pointed, curved. Ovary sessile. Ovules numerous. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Flowers solitary. (See 153.) =Parochetus= Hamilt.

264. (252.) Leaflets with stipels. [Especially tribe PHASEOLEAE.] 265

Leaflets without stipels. 310

265. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. 266

Stem woody throughout. 303

266. Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base. Flowers small, red, in racemes, with the rachis not thickened.--Species 20. Tropical and South-east Africa; one species (_G. hispida_ Maxim., soy-bean) only cultivated. The latter yields edible oily seeds. =Glycine= L.

Uppermost stamen free or almost so, or united with the others in the middle only. 267

267. Uppermost stamen, at least when young, free at the base, but united with the others in the middle. 268

Uppermost stamen free from the base or nearly so. 272

268. Flowers in racemes, the rachis of which is thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. Bracteoles present. Wings usually free from the keel. Fruit not jointed, opening in two valves. 269

Flowers in racemes with the rachis not thickened, or in fascicles, or solitary. Wings adhering to the keel. Fruit compressed. 271

269. Fruit 4-angled or 4-winged. Seeds oblong. Stigma villous. Corolla violet. Bracteoles rather large, falling off tardily. Stipules spurred. (See 233.) =Psophocarpus= Neck.

Fruit 2-3-angled or 2-winged. Stigma small. Bracteoles small, falling off early. Stipules small. 270

270. Calyx-lobes very unequal, the upper much larger than the lower. Seeds ovate or orbicular.--Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. The seeds of several species are eaten and used for dyeing and in medicine. =Canavalia= Adans.

Calyx-lobes not very unequal, the upper united higher up, but not considerably larger than the lower. Seeds oblong.--Species 1. East Africa. =Pueraria= DC.

271. Fruit more or less distinctly jointed. Bracteoles usually present. (See 231.) =Desmodium= Desv.

Fruit not jointed, opening by two valves. Stigma usually penicillate. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes. Bracteoles wanting. (See 233.) =Tephrosia= Pers.

272. Style hairy above. 273

Style glabrous or hairy at the base only, sometimes with a hairy stigma. 287

273. Flowers solitary or in fascicles or racemes with the rachis not thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. Keel curved. Ovules numerous. Fruit linear. 274

Flowers in racemes, the rachis of which is thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. 277

274. Calyx tubular; upper lobes united high up. Corolla white, blue, or violet; wings oblong, adhering to the much shorter and pointed keel. Ovary stalked. Style broadened above, bearded lengthwise.--Species 5. Tropics. Used as medicinal, dyeing, and ornamental plants. =Clitoria= L.

Calyx campanulate. Wings obovate. Ovary almost sessile. 275

275. Upper calyx-teeth united to the middle. Corolla red or violet; standard equalling the wings, spurred or gibbous on the back; keel not beaked. Style-apex broadened, hairy round the stigma. Fruit flat. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Climbing herbs.--Species 1. Naturalized in West Africa. Used as a medicinal and ornamental plant. (_Bradburya_ Rafin., under _Clitoria_ L.) =Centrosema= DC.

Upper calyx-teeth united wholly or for the greatest part. Standard not spurred at the back, but auricled at the base. Style-apex slightly or not thickened. Fruit more or less inflated. Seeds with an outgrowth near the hilum. 276

276. Style with a crown of hairs beneath the large ovoid stigma. Wings longer than the keel, but shorter than the standard. Stipules long-spurred.--Species 1. Southern West Africa (Congo). =Vignopsis= De Wild.

Style bearded on the inner face towards the top, or penicillate round the small terminal stigma. Wings adhering to the keel.--Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield fodder and edible fruits or seeds, or serve as ornamental plants. =Dolichos= L.

277. Keel spirally twisted. Ovary surrounded by a cupular disc. Stigma lateral or oblique. 278

Keel more or less curved inwards, but not spiral. 279

278. Keel with a long spur; wings free. Ovary stalked. Ovules 2-3. Style with a pointed dorsal appendage at the apex. Flowers violet or whitish, without bracteoles.--Species 3. Central Africa. One species (_Ph. venenosum_ Balf., Calabar bean) has poisonous seeds used in ordeals and medicinally. =Physostigma= Balf.

Keel without a spur, but sometimes with two gibbosities; wings adhering to the keel. Ovary almost sessile. Ovules numerous. Style without a dorsal appendage at the apex.--Species 20. Tropical and South-east Africa; one species (_Ph. vulgaris_ L.) cultivated also in extra-tropical regions. The fruits and seeds of some species (beans) are eaten and used for preparing starch and medicaments, those of others are poisonous. Several species are used as ornamental or fodder-plants. =Phaseolus= L.

279. Stigma lateral, situated beneath the apex of the style. 280

Stigma terminal, but sometimes oblique. 283

280. Style-apex bent down towards the stigma. Stigma globose, blunt or notched. Wings oblong, equalling the blunt keel. Fruit flat. Leaflets usually toothed.--Species 2. Cultivated in the tropics. They yield fibre used for rope-making, and edible roots and seeds, from which also starch and medicaments are prepared. (_Cacara_ Thouars). =Pachyrrhizus= Rich.

Style-apex bent back. Fruit turgid. 281

281. Fruit subglobular, 1-2-seeded, ripening under ground. Ovules 2-3. Stigma 2-lobed. Corolla yellow; keel blunt. Creeping herbs. Racemes 1-3-flowered.--Species 1 (_V. subterranea_ Thouars). Cultivated in Tropical and South Africa. Yields edible fruits and oily seeds. =Voandzeia= Thouars

Fruit linear, several-or many-seeded, ripening above ground. Ovules several or many. 282

282. Calyx deeply 4-cleft, with acuminate segments. Keel pointed; wings auricled. Undershrubs with erect or ascending branches.--Species 1. South Africa. (Under _Vigna_ Savi). =Otoptera= DC.

Calyx 4-5-toothed or 5-cleft. Keel blunt or beaked.--Species 65. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some species yield fibre used for rope-making, and edible fruits or seeds. (Including _Liebrechtsia_ De Wild.) =Vigna= Savi

283. Stigma very oblique. Style-apex wedge-shaped, hairy. Calyx-teeth very short and broad. Keel blunt. Fruit linear.--Species 5. Central and South-east Africa. (Under _Vigna_ Savi). =Sphenostylis= E. Mey.

Stigma slightly oblique or straight. 284

284. Upper lip of the calyx entire. Style bearded lengthwise. Fruit oblong, 2-4-seeded. 285

Upper lip of the calyx notched. 286

285. Keel almost straight, blunt. Standard oblong, straight, folded over the other petals. Corolla yellow-green. Style flat at base, hairy above.--Species 1. South Africa. (Under _Dolichos_ L.) =Chloryllis= E. Mey.

Keel sharply bent upwards, pointed. Standard orbicular, bent back, expanded. Corolla white or red. Style flat and bearded above.--Species 1 (_L. vulgaris_ Savi). Tropical and South-east Africa; also cultivated in Egypt. It yields edible fruits and seeds, fodder, and medicaments, and serves also as an ornamental plant. (Under _Dolichos_ L.) =Lablab= Savi

286. Ovules 2. Style flattened and hairy above. Keel pointed. Upper calyx-teeth united to about the middle. Glandular plants.--Species 10. Central Africa. (Under _Dolichos_ L.) =Adenodolichos= Harms

Ovules 3 or more. Style thread-shaped. Keel shortly beaked. Glandless plants. (See 276.) =Dolichos= L.

287. (272.) Ovules 1-2. 288

Ovules 3 or more. 295

288. Connective of the stamens produced into a gland, a tuft of hairs, or a short point. Calyx-teeth subequal. Corolla usually red; keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit more or less turgid, with transverse partitions. Plants clothed with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. Bracteoles none. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

Connective without an appendage. Fruit more or less compressed. 289

289. Ovule 1. Calyx-teeth about equal, bristle-like. Keel obtuse. Fruit enclosed by the calyx. Bracts broad. (See 237.) =Leptodesmia= Benth.

Ovules 2, rarely ovule 1, but then calyx-teeth unequal (the upper ones more or less united). 290

290. Bracteoles present. 291

Bracteoles absent. Corolla usually yellow; standard auricled at the base. 293

291. Style hairy at the base, bent almost at a right angle above the middle. Ovary surrounded at the base by a cupular disc. Calyx-teeth and bracteoles ending in a club-shaped gland. Corolla spotted with violet. Fruit 1-celled. Leaflets toothed.--Species 5. Central Africa. (Under _Rhynchosia_ Lour.) =Eminia= Taub.

Style glabrous, slightly curved. Fruit transversely chambered. 292

292. Corolla yellowish; keel as long as the wings; standard not auricled. Flowers two or several together in the axils of the leaves, subsessile. Fruit ripening under ground.--Species 1. West Africa. Cultivated for its edible seeds. =Kerstingiella= Harms

Corolla red; keel shorter than the wings; standard slightly auricled. Flowers in axillary racemes or false-racemes. Fruit ripening above ground. (See 266.) =Glycine= L.

293. Calyx-lobes very unequal. Standard oblong or ovate; wings shorter than the keel, auricled at the base. Style downy below.--Species 4. Tropics. =Cylista= Ait.

Calyx-lobes about equal, but the two upper ones sometimes more or less united. 294

294. Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the funicle affixed at its apex. Upper calyx-teeth free or shortly united. Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining plants. (See 239.) =Eriosema= DC.

Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at the hilum; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle affixed in the middle. Upper calyx-teeth more or less united. Standard orbicular or obovate. Twining or decumbent, more rarely erect plants. (See 239.) =Rhynchosia= Lour.

295. (287.) Calyx entire or obscurely toothed, gibbous at the base. Corolla yellow or red. Ovary surrounded at the base by a tubular disc. Style broadened in the middle. Fruit flattened, 2-valved. Twining herbs. Bracteoles present.--Species 1. South and East Africa and Madagascar. =Dumasia= DC.

Calyx distinctly toothed. 296

296. Upper sepals wholly united; hence calyx 4-toothed or 4-cleft. Twining herbs. 297

Upper sepals more or less separate; calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft. 298

297. Calyx-lobes short. Corolla red; keel shorter than the wings. Rachis of the inflorescence not thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. Bracts striate.--Species 1. Mountains of Central Africa. =Shuteria= Wight & Arn.

Calyx-lobes long. Corolla yellow; keel as long as or longer than the wings. Rachis of the inflorescence thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. Bracts bristle-like.--Species 2. East Africa to Natal and Mascarene Islands. =Galactia= P. Browne

298. Wings free from the keel. Flowers small, red. Leaflets large. 299

Wings adhering to the keel. 300

299. Fruit septate between the seeds, oblong. Seeds globose. Ovules 3-5. Style thickened below. Standard auricled at the base.--Species 1. German South-west Africa. =Neorautanenia= Schinz

Fruit not septate between the seeds, flat, with transversely veined valves. Seeds reniform. Style awl-shaped. Upper calyx-lobes united high up. Hairy plants.--Species 5. Central and South-east Africa (_Anarthrosyne_ E. Mey.) =Pseudarthria= Wight & Arn.

300. Bracteoles wanting. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Connective ending in a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Plants with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

Bracteoles present. 301

301. Standard spurred or gibbous at the apex of the claw. Style broadened above. Fruit flat. Seeds oblong. Stem twining. Flowers large. Bracteoles larger than the bracts. (See 275.) =Centrosema= DC.

Standard neither spurred nor gibbous. Flowers small or medium-sized. 302

302. Fruit jointed, flat, usually indehiscent. (See 231.) =Desmodium= Desv.

Fruit not jointed, but septate between the seeds, dehiscing by two valves. Corolla red; standard auricled at the base; wings exceeding the keel. Bracts bristle-like. (See 266.) =Glycine= L.

303. (265.) Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle. Calyx-lobes blunt and very short. Fruit not jointed, indehiscent.--Species 30. Tropics. Some species yield timber, dyes, fish-poison, and medicaments. =Lonchocarpus= H. B. & K.

Uppermost stamen free from the base or nearly so, rarely (_Desmodium_) united with the others in the middle, but then calyx-lobes pointed. Fruit jointed or dehiscent. 304

304. Connective of the stamens produced in a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Calyx-teeth subequal. Keel gibbous or spurred on each side. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Fruit transversely septate. Shrubs with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. Bracteoles none. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

Connective without an appendage. 305

305. Standard with two auricles at the base. 306

Standard without an appendage at the base. 308

306. Calyx-teeth blunt, nearly equal. Corolla usually red; keel beaked. Bracteoles deciduous.--Species 6. Madagascar and Mascarenes. =Strongylodon= Vog.

Calyx-teeth pointed, unequal, the upper united high up. Corolla yellow; keel blunt. Bracteoles none. 307

307. Standard oblong or ovate; keel longer than the wings. Ovary and base of the style hairy. Style thread-shaped. Ovules 2.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Baukea= Vatke

Standard orbicular; keel somewhat shorter than the wings. Ovary and base of style glabrous or downy. Style thickened in the middle and at the apex. Ovules numerous.--Species 1 (_C. indicus_ Spreng., pigeon-pea). Tropics, also cultivated. Yields edible, pea-like fruits and seeds, medicaments, fodder, food for silkworms, and manure. =Cajanus= DC.

308. Style bearded above. Upper calyx-teeth almost entirely united. Wings adhering to the shorter and pointed keel. Fruit not jointed. Bracteoles persistent. (See 274.) =Clitoria= L.

Style glabrous. 309

309. Fruit separating into joints, when ripe. Flowers usually small. Wings adhering to the keel. (See 231.) =Desmodium= Desv.

Fruit not jointed. Flowers large. Wings much shorter than the standard, sometimes wanting. Ovary stalked.--Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Several species yield wood, vegetables, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. =Erythrina= L.

310. (264.) Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base. 311

Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base. 314

311. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, not jointed, indehiscent. Gland-dotted plants. Bracteoles absent. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Ovules 2 or more. Fruit linear or oblong, dehiscent or separating into joints. 312

312. Staminal tube split. Ovary sessile. Fruit breaking up into several joints. Shrubs. Bracteoles persistent. (See 242.) =Ormocarpum= Beauv.

Staminal tube closed. Fruit not jointed, opening by two valves. Herbs or undershrubs. Bracteoles absent. 313

313. Connective of the stamens ending in a small point. Ovary sessile. Corolla red; keel blunt. Fruit slightly 4-angled, transversely septate. Stipules bristle-like. Flowers small, in racemes, without bracteoles.--Species 2. Central Africa. =Cyamopsis= DC.

Connective without an appendage. Ovary stalked. Calyx deeply divided. Standard suborbicular. Leaflets minutely toothed. Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. (See 129.) =Ononis= L.

314. Bracteoles present. Calyx-teeth subequal. Wings short. Ovary stalked. Ovules few. 315

Bracteoles absent. 316

315. Keel beaked. Standard clawed, auricled. Uppermost stamen free. Fruit opening by two valves. Seeds subglobular. Twining shrubs. Rachis of the raceme thickened at the insertion of the pedicels. (See 306.) =Strongylodon= Vog.

Keel not beaked. Standard scarcely clawed. Uppermost stamen at first united with the others in the middle. Fruit breaking up into several joints. Seeds reniform. Erect undershrubs. (See 231.) =Taverniera= DC.

316. Petals, at least the lower ones, adnate to the staminal tube. Herbs. Leaflets usually toothed. Flowers solitary or in spikes, heads, or umbels. (See 138.) =Trifolium= L.

Petals free from the staminal tube. 317

317. Connective of the stamens produced into a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Keel straight or slightly curved inwards, gibbous or spurred on each side. Fruit transversely septate. Plants with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

Connective without an appendage. 318

318. Ovule 1. Corolla red, blue, or white; standard clawed. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. Stipules stem-clasping, not adnate. Bracts membranous. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Ovules 2 or more, rarely ovule 1, but then fruit more or less curved or coiled, corolla usually yellow, standard almost sessile, and stipules adnate to the leafstalk. 319

319. Uppermost stamen, at least when young, united with the others in the middle. Corolla red or white; standard suborbicular, clawed; wings adhering to the keel. Stigma usually hairy. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets entire, usually with numerous parallel side-nerves. Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, more rarely in axillary racemes or clusters. Bracts distinctly developed. (See 233.) =Tephrosia= Pers.

Uppermost stamen free from the base, rarely united with the others in the middle, but then standard oblong or ovate, sessile or nearly so, corolla usually yellow, fruit not or tardily dehiscent, leaflets usually toothed, stipules adnate to the leafstalk, inflorescence axillary, and bracts minute or wanting. 320

320. Ovules 1-2. 321

Ovules more than 2. 325

321. Calyx-lobes very unequal, the upper two almost wholly united, the side ones small, the lowest the longest, enlarged after flowering, scarious. Corolla reddish-yellow; standard auricled at base. Fruit falcate-ovate, enclosed by the calyx, 1-seeded, 2-valved. Twining undershrubs. (See 293.) =Cylista= Ait.

Calyx-lobes about equal, but the upper ones sometimes more or less united, not or scarcely enlarged after flowering. 322

322. Fruit dehiscing by two valves, more or less flattened, straight or nearly so. Upper calyx-teeth usually more or less united. Standard auricled at base. Leaflets usually entire. 323

Fruit not or very tardily dehiscing, turgid or curved to spiral, exceeding the calyx. Upper calyx-teeth scarcely or not united. Leaflets usually toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. 324

323. Seeds orbicular or reniform, with a more or less distinct outgrowth at the hilum; hilum orbicular or oblong, the funicle attached in the middle or nearly so. Standard orbicular or obovate. Twining or decumbent, rarely erect plants. (See 239.) =Rhynchosia= Lour.

Seeds oblong, without an outgrowth at the hilum; hilum linear, the funicle attached at its apex. Upper calyx-teeth not or shortly united. Standard oblong or obovate. Erect or decumbent, rarely twining plants. (See 239.) =Eriosema= DC.

324. Fruit straight, globular or ovoid, thick, wrinkled. Flowers in slender, more or less spike-like racemes, yellow, rarely white. Herbs.--Species 10. North Africa and Abyssinia; several species also naturalized in South Africa. Used as fodder or in medicine. =Melilotus= Juss.

Fruit more or less curved (sickle-or kidney-shaped) or spirally coiled, usually flattened. Flowers in short racemes or in heads.--Species 35. North Africa to Abyssinia and South Africa; several species also naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Some of them (especially _M. sativa_ L., lucern) are used as fodder, or medicinal plants, and for making paper and brush-wares, others are noxious as burs. =Medicago= L.

325. Upper calyx-lobes more or less, sometimes entirely united. Corolla yellow. Standard suborbicular, auricled at base. Fruit linear or oblong, constricted between the seeds, dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets entire, gland-dotted. 326

Upper calyx-lobes not or scarcely united. Standard oblong or obovate. Fruit dehiscing at the upper suture or indehiscent, rarely tardily dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets usually toothed. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. 328

326. Upper calyx-lobes shortly united. Keel exceeding the wings. Fruit oblong, curved, turgid, 1-celled. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Viscid, twining herbs or undershrubs.--Species 1. South Africa and Madagascar. =Fagelia= Neck.

Upper calyx-lobes united for the greater part or entirely. Fruit compressed and transversely septate. 327

327. Fruit oblong, blunt or shortly pointed. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Herbs or undershrubs. Stipules persistent. Flowers in fascicles or short racemes.--Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes. (Under _Atylosia_ Wight & Arn.) =Cantharospermum= Wight & Arn.

Fruit linear, ending in a long point. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Style broadened in the middle and towards the apex. Erect shrubs or undershrubs. Stipules deciduous, awl-shaped. Flowers in racemes. (See 307.) =Cajanus= DC.

328. Flowers in long, more or less spike-like racemes. Ovules few. Fruit oblong to globose, thick, straight, indehiscent, 1-3-seeded. Herbs. (See 324.) =Melilotus= Juss.

Flowers solitary or in short racemes, heads, or umbels. 329

329. Fruit linear or oblong, straight or slightly curved. Herbs.--Species 25. North Africa, Nile-land, and South Africa. _T. foenumgraecum_ L. is cultivated for its seeds, which are used as food, fodder, vermin-poison, in medicine, and in the manufacture of cloth; it is also used as a vegetable. =Trigonella= L.

Fruit spirally twisted, more rarely sickle-or kidney-shaped. (See 324.) =Medicago= L.

330. (251.) Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only. 331

Stem woody throughout. 347

331. Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base, at least when young. 332

Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base. 336

332. Filaments united into a closed tube, at least when young. Corolla red, blue, or white. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. 333

Filaments united into a sheath split on one or both sides. Corolla yellow, sometimes veined with red. Fruit breaking up into joints, more rarely indehiscent. 335

333. Stem twining. Leaflets 5-7, stipellate. Bracteoles present. Uppermost stamen finally separating from the others. (See 266.) =Glycine= L.

Stem erect or decumbent. Leaflets not stipellate. Bracteoles absent. Uppermost stamen remaining united with the others. 334

334. Leaflets 5-7. Stipules bristle-like. Corolla red; standard sessile; wings free. Connective ending in a short point. Fruit septate. (See 313.) =Cyamopsis= DC.

Leaflets numerous. Stipules semi-sagittate. Corolla blue or white; standard short-clawed; wings adhering to the keel. Connective without an appendage. Fruit 1-celled. (See 204.) =Galega= L.

335. Fruit enclosed by the enlarged calyx, folded, with 2 or more flat joints. Calyx 2-lipped. (See 208.) =Smithia= Ait.

Fruit much exceeding the calyx. Ovary stalked. (See 209.) =Aeschynomene= L.

336. Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young. 337

Uppermost stamen free throughout. 339

337. Standard clawed. Wings adhering to the keel. Ovules several or many, very rarely only 2. Stigma usually penicillate. Fruit linear, rarely oblong or ovate, dehiscing by two valves. Leaflets usually with many parallel side-nerves. Flowers white or red, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, rarely in axillary fascicles or racemes; in this case ovules numerous. Bracteoles absent. (See 233.) =Tephrosia= Pers.

Standard nearly sessile. Wings short. Ovules 1-3. Fruit oblong to orbicular, indehiscent, very rarely dehiscing by two valves. Flowers in axillary spikes or racemes. 338

338. Calyx-lobes much longer than the tube, feathery. Corolla red; keel adhering to the staminal tube. Fruit enclosed by the calyx, oblong or ovate. Unarmed, hairy plants. Stipules connate.--Species 2. North Africa. =Ebenus= L.

Calyx-lobes as long as or shorter than the tube. Fruit projecting beyond the calyx, hemispherical or spirally twisted.--Species 10. North Africa and Abyssinia. Sainfoin (_O. sativa_ Lam.) is cultivated in various regions for fodder, sometimes also as a medicinal or ornamental plant. =Onobrychis= Gaertn.

339. Style bearded lengthwise towards the top. Fruit 2-valved. 340

Style glabrous above or penicillate round the stigma. 343

340. Style thread-shaped, bearded on the outside or all round. Calyx-teeth subequal. Petals red or white, clawed; standard exceeding the wings and the keel. Seeds kidney-shaped, with a filiform funicle. Flowers in racemes.--Species 40. South Africa to Angola. Some are used medicinally. (_Coluteastrum_ Heist.) =Lessertia= DC.

Style flattened, bearded on the inner side. 341

341. Calyx-teeth unequal, the two upper ones united high up. Corolla blue or white. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Leaflets usually stipellate. Bracteoles persistent. (See 274.) =Clitoria= L.

Calyx-teeth about equal. Seeds with a small aril covering the hilum. Leaflets not stipellate. Bracteoles rudimentary or wanting. 342

342. Staminal tube obliquely truncate. Keel somewhat pointed. Ovary almost sessile. Ovules 2. Aril ovate or oblong. Flowers small, bluish-white. (See 212.) =Lens= Gren. & Godr.

Staminal tube evenly truncate. Keel shorter than the wings, usually blunt. Ovules 3 or more. Aril usually linear. (See 128.) =Lathyrus= L.

343. Connective of the stamens bearing a gland, a point, or a tuft of hairs. Fruit transversely septate, 2-valved. Plants with appressed hairs fixed by the middle. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

Connective without an appendage. Hairs rarely fixed by the middle. 344

344. Leaflets stipellate, 5-7. Flowers in terminal racemes, without bracteoles. Fruit jointed, enclosed by the calyx; joints ovate, slightly flattened.--Species 1. Central Africa. Used as an ornamental and medicinal plant. =Uraria= Desv.

Leaflets not stipellate. Fruit jointed, with orbicular or quadrate flattened joints, or not jointed. 345

345. Fruit breaking up into joints, flat. Wings clawed, auricled, shorter than the scarcely clawed standard. Flowers in axillary racemes, with bristle-like bracteoles.--Species 12. North Africa. Some are used as fodder-or ornamental plants. =Hedysarum= L.

Fruit not jointed, usually septate lengthwise. 316

346. Fruit sessile, linear, flat, longitudinally 2-celled, indehiscent, the valves boat-shaped with a wavy and toothed keel. Hairy herbs. Leaflets emarginate. Stipules adnate to the leafstalk. Flowers in axillary spikes or fascicles, bluish or whitish.--Species 1. North Africa and Abyssinia. =Biserrula= L.

Fruit not flat and with wavy and toothed valves, tardily dehiscent. (See 219.) =Astragalus= L.

347. (330.) Uppermost stamen united with the others from the base into a tube usually split in one or two places, rarely (_Dalbergia_) wanting. 348

Uppermost stamen free from the others, at least at the base. 354

348. Fruit breaking up into two or more joints, very rarely reduced to a single ovate, not winged joint. Calyx usually two-lipped. Corolla yellow or white, sometimes with red stripes or veins. Standard suborbicular. Erect shrubs. 349

Fruit not jointed, indehiscent, more or less distinctly winged, rarely not winged but curved. Ovules few. Trees or climbing, very rarely erect shrubs. 351

349. Fruit enclosed by the enlarged calyx, folded, jointed. Seeds 2 or more, reniform or orbicular, flat. Calyx two-lipped. Racemes short. Bracteoles persistent. (See 208.) =Smithia= Ait.

Fruit much exceeding the calyx. 350

350. Joints of the fruit 2 or more, oblong, usually striate. Ovary sessile, with several or many ovules. Racemes few-flowered. Bracteoles persistent. (See 242.) =Ormocarpum= Beauv.

Joints of the fruit quadrate to semiorbicular, not striate. Ovary usually stalked. (See 209.) =Aeschynomene= L.

351. Staminal tube closed all round. Calyx subtruncate, very shortly or obscurely toothed. Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets opposite--Species 15. Tropics. Some are poisonous. (_Deguelia_ Aubl., including _Leptoderris_ Dunn) =Derris= Lour.

Staminal tube split in one or two places. Leaflets usually alternate. 352

352. Anthers attached by the base, with erect cells opening by a short apical slit, or with divergent cells opening lengthwise. Calyx-lobes unequal. Ovary stalked. Seeds kidney-shaped. Flowers in copious panicles composed of cymes. (See 242.) =Dalbergia= L. f.

Anthers attached by the back, opening by parallel longitudinal slits. Fruit more or less oblique or curved. 353

353. Bracteoles persistent. Calyx bell-shaped, obtuse at base. Corolla violet; standard silky outside. Ovary stalked. Ovules 1-2. Fruit thick-leathery, crescent-shaped, not winged. Seed 1, kidney-shaped. Small spiny trees.--Species 1. West Africa. =Drepanocarpus= G. F. Mey.

Bracteoles deciduous. Calyx more or less top-shaped at the base. Corolla yellow, more rarely white marked with violet; standard glabrous. Ovules 2-6. Fruit membranous or leathery, hardened in the middle, more or less distinctly winged. (See 247.) =Pterocarpus= L.

354. (347.) Uppermost stamen united with the others in the middle, at least when young. 355

Uppermost stamen free throughout. 361

355. Wings free from the keel. Ovules more than two. Fruit 2-valved. Leaflets usually with stipels. 356

Wings adhering to the keel. Leaflets usually without stipels. 357

356. Flowers in axillary racemes, without bracteoles. Corolla white. Ovary stalked, not surrounded by a disc. Style hairy at the apex. Stipules spine-like. (See 203.) =Robinia= L.

Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, with bracteoles. Corolla red, bluish, or white. Ovary usually surrounded at the base by a disc. Style glabrous.--Species 60. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber, dyes, and poison. =Millettia= Wight & Arn.

357. Calyx-teeth distinctly developed. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. Shrubs. Bracteoles absent. 358

Calyx-teeth very short or wanting. Fruit indehiscent. Trees or climbing shrubs. Bracteoles present. 359

358. Petals acuminate, red; standard lanceolate; keel beaked. Style glabrous.--Species 10. Madagascar. =Chadsia= Boj.

Petals obtuse or subacute, white or red; standard suborbicular; keel not beaked. (See 233.) =Tephrosia= Pers.

359. Fruit winged. Seeds flat. Ovary sessile or short-stalked. (See 351.) =Derris= Lour.

Fruit not winged. 360

360. Fruit with a thick-leathery, almost woody pericarp, oblique-oblong, not thickened at the sutures. Seed 1, kidney-shaped, rather thick. Ovary subsessile, with 2 ovules. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in racemes, reddish.--Species 1. Seychelles. The wood and the oily seeds are used. (_Galedupa_ Lam.) =Pongamia= Vent.

Fruit with a membranous or leathery pericarp. Seeds flat. (See 303.) =Lonchocarpus= H. B. & K.

361. (354.) Stem shrubby, erect or climbing. 362

Stem tree-like. 371

362. Style bearded lengthwise towards the apex. Ovules numerous. Fruit indehiscent or dehiscing at the top only. Flowers in axillary racemes. 363

Style glabrous, or hairy at the base only, or bearing a penicillate stigma. 365

363. Style bearded on the back or all round. Stigma terminal. Corolla red or white; keel blunt, shorter than the standard. Fruit finally dehiscing at the top. (See 340.) =Lessertia= DC.

Style bearded on the inner side only. Ovary stalked. Fruit inflated, indehiscent. 364

364. Stigma terminal. Corolla red; keel pointed, exceeding the standard. Bracteoles present.--Species 1. South Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. =Sutherlandia= R. Br.

Stigma placed beneath the hooked apex of the style. Corolla yellow; keel blunt; standard with two callosities on the inner side.--Species 2. North Africa and Abyssinia. They (especially _C. arborescens_ L. bladder senna) are used as ornamental plants and yield a dye and medicaments. =Colutea= L.

365. Connective of the stamens bearing a gland, a short point, or a tuft of hairs. Wings adhering to the keel. Fruit 2-valved. Hairs fixed by the middle. Bracteoles absent. (See 215.) =Indigofera= L.

Connective without an appendage. Bracteoles usually present. 366

366. Ovule 1. Fruit ovate, indehiscent; pericarp adhering to the seed. Gland-dotted plants. (See 153.) =Psoralea= L.

Ovules 2 or more. 367

367. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip hooded, notched, equalling the standard, the lower lip divided into 3 narrow teeth. Corolla yellowish. Ovary sessile. Ovules 5-7. Flowers in panicles, with large persistent bracteoles.--Species 8. West Africa. =Platysepalum= Welw.

Calyx obscurely 2-lipped, with a not very large upper lip, or equally 4-5-toothed, or almost entire. 368

368. Wings adhering to the keel. 369

Wings free from the keel. 370

369. Calyx-teeth very short or wanting. Fruit flat, narrowly winged, transversely chambered or 1-celled, indehiscent. Usually climbing plants. (See 351.) =Derris= Lour.

Calyx-teeth distinctly developed. Fruit longitudinally 2-celled, more rarely 1-celled, but turgid, finally dehiscing by two valves. (See 219.) =Astragalus= L.

370. Inflorescence axillary. Corolla yellowish. Ovary sessile. Ovules free. Fruit leathery, suborbicular, not winged, indehiscent. Seed 1, oblong or ovate. Climbing plants. Leaflets without stipels.--Species 3. West Africa. =Ostryocarpus= Hook. fil.

Inflorescence terminal. Ovary usually surrounded by a disc. Fruit linear or oblong, tardily dehiscing by two valves. Seeds orbicular or reniform. (See 356.) =Millettia= Wight & Arn.

371. (361.) Calyx 2-lipped, with large entire lips. Corolla yellow; wings free; petals of the keel free. Ovary subsessile, surrounded by a lobed disc. Ovules 3-4. Bracteoles small, deciduous.--Species 1. West Africa (Congo). =Dewevrea= Mich.

Calyx 2-lipped with divided lips, or more or less equally 4-5-toothed. 372

372. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip hooded, notched, equalling the standard, the lower lip divided into 3 narrow teeth. Corolla yellow. Ovary sessile. Ovules 5-7. Flowers in panicles. Bracteoles large, persistent. (See 367.) =Platysepalum= Welw.

Calyx obscurely 2-lipped, with a not very large upper lip, or equally 4-5-toothed, or almost entire. 373

373. Fruit dehiscing by two valves. 374

Fruit indehiscent. Ovules 2-6. 375

374. Leaflets alternate, gland-dotted on the lower face. Petals gland-dotted. Ovary long-stalked. Ovules 3-4. Fruit woody, turgid.--Species 2. Central Africa. =Schefflerodendron= Harms

_FLOW. PL. AFR._

_Pl. 67._

J. Fleischmann del.

Bauhinia macrantha Oliv.

_A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Anther from the side and the front. _D_ Staminodes. _E_ Stigma. _F_ Ovary. cut lengthwise. _G_ Fruit.]

_FLOW. PL. AFR._

_Pl. 68._

J. Fleischmann del.

Monsonia biflora DC.

_A_ Whole plant. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Sepal. _D_ Cross-section of ovary. _E_ Unripe fruit. _F_ Ripe fruit. _G_ Mericarp.]

Leaflets opposite. Petals not gland-dotted. Fruit more or less leathery and flattened. Inflorescence terminal. (See 356.) =Millettia= Wight & Arn.

375. Calyx-teeth very short or wanting. Corolla red or white; standard distinctly clawed; petals of the keel free. Ovary stalked. Fruit drupe-like with a woody endocarp and a more or less fleshy exocarp. Seed 1. Inflorescence terminal.--Species 2. West Africa. They yield timber and are used in medicine. (_Vouacapoua_ Aubl.) =Andira= Lam.

Calyx-teeth distinctly developed. Corolla yellow or white, sometimes marked with red or violet. Fruit more or less distinctly winged, with a membranous or leathery pericarp. Leaflets alternate or subopposite. (See 247.) =Pterocarpus= L.

ORDER PANDALES

FAMILY 106. PANDACEAE

Trees. Leaves alternate. Flowers in fascicled racemes, or in false racemes formed of fascicles, or in panicles, unisexual. Calyx small, slightly toothed. Petals 5, large, oblong, red. Stamens 10. Ovary superior, slightly lobed, 3-4-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, straight. Stigmas 3-4, sessile or nearly so, oblong. Fruit a drupe; stone with many pits and cavities, 3-4-seeded. Seeds with a large axile embryo and an oily albumen.

Genus 1, species 1. Equatorial West Africa. The seeds yield oil. (_Porphyranthus_ Engl.) =Panda= Pierre

ORDER GERANIALES

SUBORDER GERANIINEAE

FAMILY 107. GERANIACEAE

Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves stipulate. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate, rarely 4, valvate in bud. Petals 2-8, more or less distinctly perigynous, imbricate in bud. Stamens twice or thrice as many as the petals, some frequently sterile, the outer opposite the petals. Anthers opening inwards. Ovary lobed, 5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, rarely 8-celled with 1-ovuled cells. Fruit beaked, the carpels separating at maturity. Seeds albuminous.--Genera 6, species 350. (Plate 68.)

1. Sepals 4, valvate in bud. Petals 8, white. Stamens 8, opposite the petals, free. Ovary 8-celled, with 1 ascending ovule in each cell. Tails (awns) of the carpels not recurved at maturity. Shrubs. Flowers solitary, with 4 bracteoles.--Species 1. Island of Socotra. [Tribe DIRACHMEAE.] =Dirachma= Schweinf.

Sepals 5, imbricate in bud. Petals 2-5. Stamens 10 or 15, some frequently sterile. Ovary 5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Tails (awns) of the carpels curved or twisted backwards at maturity. [Tribe GERANIEAE.] 2

2. Flowers irregular, with a spur-like appendage along the pedicel and without glands at the base of the stamens. Fertile stamens 5-7, rarely 2-4.--Species 250. Southern and tropical Africa; two species also naturalized in North Africa. Many of them are used as ornamental plants, some have edible roots or yield perfumes or medicaments. =Pelargonium= L’Hér.

Flowers regular or almost so, without a spur-like appendage, with glands at the base of the stamens. Fertile stamens 5, 10, or 15. 3

3. Stamens 10, all or 5 of them fertile. 4

Stamens 15, all fertile. 5

4. Tails of the carpels spirally twisted, hairy. Fertile stamens 5. Petals entire. Flowers usually in umbels.--Species 40. North Africa to Abyssinia and South Africa. Some are used medicinally; hygrometres are made from the carpel-tails. “Storks-bill.” =Erodium= L’Hér.

Tails of the carpels arched, generally glabrous. Fertile stamens usually 10. Petals mostly notched. Flowers usually solitary or in pairs.--Species 30. North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Some species are used as ornamental plants or yield tanning and dyeing materials or medicaments. “Cranes-bill.” =Geranium= L.

5. Filaments united in 5 bundles. Stem herbaceous.--Species 25. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 68.) =Monsonia= L.

Filaments free almost to the base. Stem fleshy, armed with spines formed from the persistent leafstalks.--Species 7. South Africa, southern Central Africa, and Madagascar. Some species yield an aromatic resin. (Under _Monsonia_ L.) =Sarcocaulon= DC.

FAMILY 108. OXALIDACEAE

Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Petals 5, free or united at the base, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10, rarely 5 of them sterile. Filaments united at the base. Anthers opening inwards. Glands at the base of the stamens present. Ovary superior, 5-celled. Ovules axile. Styles 5, free. Fruit a capsule or a berry. Seeds with a fleshy albumen and a straight embryo.--Genera 3, species 160. (Under _GERANIACEAE_.) (Plate 69.)

1. Fruit a berry. Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate, sensitive. Flowers in cymes.--Species 2. Cultivated in the Mascarene Islands. They yield timber, medicaments, and edible fruits, which are also used for preparing a scouring water. =Averrhoa= L.

Fruit a capsule. All stamens fertile. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. 2

_FLOW. PL. AFR._

_Pl. 69._

J. Fleischmann del.

Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.

_A_ Plant in flower. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Fruit. _D_ Fruit-valve. _E_ Seed. _F_ Seed cut lengthwise.]

_FLOW. PL. AFR._

_Pl. 70._

J. Fleischmann del.

Hugonia acuminata Engl.

_A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Cross-section of ovary. _D_ Tendrils.]

2. Valves of the fruit finally spreading. Leaves pinnate, sensitive.--Species 15. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Under Oxalis L.) (Plate 69.) =Biophytum= DC.

Valves of the fruit persisting around the central column. Leaves usually digitate.--Species 140. Some are used as salad or fodder or for preparing chemical drugs and medicaments. (Including _Bolboxalis_ Small). =Oxalis= L.

FAMILY 109. TROPAEOLACEAE

Twining, succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided, peltate. Flowers solitary, axillary, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, the hindmost spurred. Petals 5, yellow or red, imbricate in bud. Stamens 8, free; anthers opening inwards or laterally. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style 1, with 3 stigmas. Fruit separating in 2-3 nutlets. Seeds without albumen. (Under _GERANIACEAE_.)

Genus 1, species 1 (_T. majus_ L., Indian cress). Naturalized in the Island of St. Helena. Ornamental plant, also yielding salad, condiments, and medicaments. =Tropaeolum= L.

FAMILY 110. LINACEAE

Leaves undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals free, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals. Filaments united at the base. Ovary 2-10-celled. Ovules 1-2 in the inner angle of each cell, pendulous, inverted. Fruit a capsule or a drupe. Seeds with fleshy albumen.--Genera 7, species 60. (Plate 70.)

1. Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 4-5, furnished with glands at their base. Styles or style-branches 2-5. Petals deciduous. Fruit capsular. Herbs or undershrubs, very rarely shrubs. [Tribe LINEAE.] 2