Chapter XX: From the Persecution in Poland to the Present Time (13)

=Maruni=, priest, incites a crusade against the Damascus Jews, =5=,
662.

=Mary=, sister of Lazarus, follower of Jesus, =2=, 160.

=Mary Magdalene=, follower of Jesus, =2=, 154.

=Mar-Yanka.= _See_ Natronaï ben Nehemiah.

=Mar-Zemach I ben Paltoi= (872-890), Gaon of Pumbeditha, arranges the
“Aruch,” =3=, 178-9.

=Mar-Zutra=, Amora, subordinates himself to Ashi, =2=, 606.
at the court of Jezdijird, =2=, 610.

=Mar-Zutra I=, Exilarch, subordinates himself to Ashi, =2=, 606.

=Mar-Zutra II= (496-520), Exilarch, leader of the Babylonian Jews
against the Zendik, =3=, 3-4.
kept out of his office by Pachda, =3=, 3.
executed, =3=, 4.
son of, =3=, 4.

=Mar-Zutra III=, a distinguished scholar in Judæa, =3=, 4.
president of the Tiberias academy, =3=, 12.

=Masada=, fortress, refuge of Mariamne, wife of Herod, =2=, 83.
besieged by Antigonus, =2=, 87.
refuge of Herod from Cleopatra, =2=, 94.
taken by the Sicarii, =2=, 258.
refuge of the Sicarii, =2=, 261.
a hot-bed of insurgents, =2=, 292-3.
holds out against the Romans, =2=, 315.
under Eleazar ben Jair, =2=, 316.
garrison of, commits suicide, =2=, 316.

=Mascarenhas, John Rodrigo=, Portuguese Marrano, brings hatred upon
the Marranos, =4=, 486.

=Masechet-Gerim=, tractate in the Law, on proselytes, =2=, 384.

=Masechta=, one of the six divisions of the Mishnic code, =2=, 354.

=Mashal=, an allegory, =1=, 158.

=Mashal ha-Kadmoni=, by Ibn-Sahula, =3=, 560.

=Maskhir=, recorder under David, =1=, 122.

=Masserano.= _See_ Bezalel Masserano.

=Massora=, the, and the vowel points, =3=, 112.
studied by Gershom ben Jehuda, =3=, 244.
the division of the Scriptures into verses by, criticised, =3=, 290.
importance of, according to Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 371.
studied by Wolf Heidenheim, =5=, 400.
as viewed by Samuel David Luzzatto, =5=, 624.

=Massorets=, the, list of:
Aaron ben Asher,
Ben-Naphtali,
Moses ben Asher.

=Masuel, Eugene=, founder of the “Alliance Israélite Universelle,”
=5=, 701.

=Mata-Mechasia.= _See_ Sora.

=Matatoron=, name of an angel, =1=, 403.

=Mathematical knowledge=, the, of the teachers of the Law, =2=, 357.

=Mathematicians=, Jewish. _See_ Astronomers.

=Mathematics=, studied in Portugal, =4=, 367.

=Matiah ben Charash=, teacher of the Law in Rome, =2=, 443.

=Matnita boraïta=, supplements to the Mishna, =2=, 470.

=Matri=, a family of the tribe of Benjamin, =1=, 83.

=Matronita=, Kabbalistic term in the Zohar, =4=, 18.

=Mattachery=, Jews’ town, =2=, 630.

=Mattan=, high priest of Baal, under Athaliah, =1=, 214.

=Mattara=, court in the palace at Jerusalem, =1=, 314.

=Mattathiah ben Joseph Provenci=, Talmudist, re-establishes a college
at Paris, =4=, 133.
exempt from wearing the Jew badge, =4=, 133.
chief rabbi of France, =4=, 133.
death of, =4=, 152.

=Mattathias=, envoy of Nicanor to Judas Maccabæus, =1=, 484.

=Mattathias, the Hasmonæan=, father of the Maccabees, resists
Apelles, =1=, 459.
leader of the Chassidim, =1=, 459-60.
decides to fight on the Sabbath, =1=, 460.
petty warfare of, against the Syrians, =1=, 460-1.
chooses Simon as counselor and Judas as commander, =1=, 461.
death of the sons of, =1=, 531.

=Mattathias ben Simon Psellus=, father of Josephus, =1=, 502.

=Mattathias, son of Simon Tharsi=, =1=, 520.
assassinated, =1=, 530.

=Mattathias Yizhari=, at the disputation of Tortosa, =4=, 208.

=Matthai of Arbela=, Pharisee leader, =2=, 20.

=Matthew= (Levi), publican, follower of Jesus, =2=, 153.

=Matthew Paris=, historian, charges the Franciscans with venality,
=3=, 591.

=Matthias=, emperor, unable to punish Fettmilch, =4=, 698.
punishes Frankfort, =4=, 700.

=Matthias ben Margalot=, Pharisee, instigates an uprising against
Herod, =2=, 115.
burnt alive, =2=, 115.
death of, avenged, =2=, 121.

=Matthias ben Matthias=, brother of Josephus, =2=, 276.

=Matthias ben Theophilus=, high priest, last of those appointed under
the Herodians, =2=, 249.
summons all Judæans to Jerusalem for the Passover of 66, =2=, 251.
persuades Jerusalem to receive Roman troops amicably, =2=, 254-5.
deposed by the Zealots, =2=, 294.

=Matthias Boëthus=, of priestly family, executed, =2=, 304.

=Maurice of Orange=, well disposed towards the Jews, =4=, 674, 678.

=Mauritania=, rebels against Hadrian, =2=, 399.

=Mauritius=, emperor of the East, protects Chosru II, =3=, 9.
the Jews under, =3=, 18.
supplanted by Phocas, =3=, 18-19.

=Maury=, Abbé, opposed to the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 441-2,
446, 462.

=Maxarquivir=, the Jews of, banished by order of Maria Anna, =5=, 169.

=Maximilian I=, emperor, the Jews recommended to the protection
of, =4=, 413.
favors Jacob Loans, =4=, 414.
appoints Joseph Loans representative of the German Jews, =4=, 414.
indecision of, =4=, 414-15.
permits Nuremberg to expel the Jews, =4=, 415-16.
expels the Jews from Austria, Styria and Carinthia, =4=, 427.
urged to deliver the Jews to the Dominicans of Cologne, =4=, 428.
issues his first mandate giving Pfefferkorn power over the
Jews, =4=, 429.
letter to, from Uriel von Gemmingen, =4=, 431.
appoints Reuchlin counselor of the Suabian League, =4=, 435.
applied to, for a second mandate, =4=, 436.
the Jewish cause pleaded before, =4=, 436-7.
appears to favor the Jewish side, =4=, 437.
issues a second mandate, =4=, 437.
homage paid to, by Pfefferkorn, =4=, 439.
directs the Frankfort Senate to restore the Hebrew books, =4=, 439.
promises to investigate Pfefferkorn’s attack on Reuchlin, =4=, 446.
espouses Reuchlin’s cause, =4=, 459, 464.
abused by the Dominicans, =4=, 459.
protects the Jews of Frankfort, Worms, and Ratisbon, =4=, 463-4.
death of, =4=, 467.

=Maximilian II=, emperor, protects the Jews of Prague, =4=, 587.
urges his son for the Polish crown, =4=, 603.

=Maximus=, emperor, orders the Senate to rebuild a synagogue, =2=,
614.

=Maximus=, teacher of Julian the Apostate, =2=, 595.

=Maximus=, Trajan’s general in the Euphrates district, =2=, 397.

=Mayence=, founders of the Jewish community of, =3=, 41.
Charlemagne brings the Kalonymos family to, =3=, 143.
a Talmud school founded at, =3=, 243, 247.
Rashi studies Talmud at, =3=, 286.
represented at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377.
a rabbinical synod meets at, =3=, 517-18.
the congregation of, one of the three oldest of Germany, =3=, 518.
rabbinical synod at, to regulate marriage laws, =4=, 135.
exiles from, in Poland and Italy, =4=, 294.
Reuchlin tried for heresy at, =4=, 450-2.
the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
honor paid to Crémieux at, =5=, 668.

=Mayence, the Jews of=, banished by Henry II, =3=, 245-6.
perpetuate the memory of Simon ben Isaac and Gershom ben
Jehuda, =3=, 247.
massacred in the first crusade, =3=, 303.
accuse their persecutors before Henry IV, =3=, 307.
charged with the blood accusation, =3=, 636.
possessions of, confiscated, =3=, 636.
emigrate to Syria, =3=, 637.
burn themselves to escape persecution, =4=, 109.
banished, =4=, 413.
well treated during the Thirty Years’ War, =4=, 707.

=Mayence, the university of=, to counsel regarding the confiscation
of Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441.
attacks the Hebrew Bible, =4=, 444-5.
students of, object to Reuchlin’s heresy trial, =4=, 451.

=Mayo, Moses=, excommunicated by Chayim of Lublin, =5=, 261.

=Mazaca-Cæsarea= (Cappadocia), study of the Law in, =2=, 358.
the Jews of, lose life in the assault of Shabur I, =2=, 520, 526.

=Mazdak=, reformer of Magianism, =3=, 1.
communistic principles of, =3=, 1-2.

=Mazikim=, evil spirits, introduced into Judaism from Magianism, =1=,
403.

=Measfim=, the, contributors to “The Gatherer,” in Germany,
=5=, 399-400.
in Holland, =5=, 400-1.
in France, =5=, 401.
in Italy, =5=, 402.
influence of, =5=, 402-3, 403-5.
consider themselves the disciples of Mendelssohn, =5=, 403.
the best production by, =5=, 404.
mediocrity of, =5=, 417.
effect of the revival of Hebrew by, =5=, 420-1.
consulted by Jacobson, =5=, 502.

=Measfim=, the, list of:
Ben-Zeeb,
Bresselau, Mendel J.
Ensheim, Moses
Euchel, Isaac Abraham
Friedrichsfeld, David
Heidenheim, Wolf
Homberg, Herz
Löwe, Joel
Morpurgo, Elijah
Satanow, Isaac
Wessely, Naphtali Hartwig
Wolfssohn, Aaron.

=Meaux=, the council of, re-enacts anti-Jewish restrictions,
=3=, 171-2.

=Mebarsapes=, king of Adiabene, conquered by Trajan, =2=, 393-4.

=Mebodes=, Persian general, puts to death the Jews of Machuza,
=3=, 9.

=Mebo-ha-Talmud=, methodology of the Talmud, by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela,
=3=, 259.

=Mecca= (Alcharam), Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 56.
holy city of the Arabs, =3=, 60.
a proselyte to Judaism governor of, =3=, 63.
Mahomet’s flight from, =3=, 72-3.
the praying Moslem turns to, =3=, 75.
Jews not allowed to live in, =3=, 436.

=Mecklenburg=, the Jews of, emancipated, =5=, 507.

=Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the Jews of=, forbidden the early interment of
the dead, =5=, 318.
apply to Mendelssohn, =5=, 318.
interfered with by the government, =5=, 679.

=Medaba=, center of the Bene-Amri, =1=, 491.
taken by John Hyrcanus, =2=, 7.

=Medeïros, Francisco (Isaac), Mendes=, Portuguese Marrano in
Holland, =4=, 667.
builds the second synagogue at Amsterdam, =4=, 671.

=Medelsheim.= _See_ Berr, Cerf.

=Medes=, the, defeated by the Assyrians, =1=, 287.

=Media=, the Ten Tribes colonized in, =1=, 265.
invaded by the Scythians, =1=, 287.
half-Shekel contribution to the Temple from, =2=, 52.
visited by Petachya, =3=, 421.

=Medici=, the, the renascence under, participated in by Jews, =4=,
289, 290.

=Medicine=, prepared by Jews prohibited, in the code of Alfonso
X, =3=, 596.
by Eugenius IV, =4=, 250, 252.
by Henry IV of Castile, =4=, 278.

=Medicine, the study of=, permitted by the opponents of science, =4=,
40.
among Polish Jews, =4=, 633.
_See_ Physicians, Jewish.

=Medina=, Jewish capitalist, involves Voltaire in financial
losses, =5=, 339.

=Medina= (Yathrib), Israelites under Joshua settle in, =3=, 54.
center of the Jewish Arabic tribes, =3=, 55.
besieged, =3=, 62.
a proselyte the governor of, =3=, 63.
Mahomet in, =3=, 72-3.
the center of Islam, =3=, 86.
Jews not allowed to live in, =3=, 436.

=Medina, the Jews of=, defend the city, =3=, 62.
hated by the Kailan race, =3=, 67.
conquered by the Arabs, =3=, 67-8.
regain importance, =3=, 70-1.
and Mahomet, =3=, 73.
repelled by Mahomet, =3=, 74.
intrigue against Mahomet, =3=, 84.

=Medina del Campo=, the Jews of, burnt and plundered, =4=, 278.
the cortes of, propose an Inquisition for Marranos, =4=, 310, 313.

=Medina-Celi=, Kabbalistic center, =4=, 6.
the duke of, employs a Jewish physician, =5=, 116.

=Medina-Sidonia=, Marranos flee to, =4=, 313.

=Megabyzus=, satrap of Syria, revolts from Persia, =1=, 371.

=Megadef=, sobriquet of Joshua Lorqui, =4=, 217.

=Megerlin, David Frederick=, explains Eibeschütz’s amulets in a
Christian way, =5=, 270.
calls on the Danish king to protect Eibeschütz, =5=, 271.

=Megiddo=, the battle of, Josiah defeated at, =1=, 297.

=Megilloth, the Five=, commentary on, by Samuel ben Meïr, =3=, 346.
by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, =3=, 370.

“=Mehemenuta de Cola=,” by Chayon, =5=, 219-20.

=Mehmed Effendi=, Sabbataï Zevi’s Mahometan name, =5=, 154.

=Mehmet Ali=, Pasha of Egypt, conquers Syria, =5=, 633.
supported by Louis Philippe, =5=, 633, 634.
assents to the execution of the Damascus Jews, =5=, 640.
influenced by the French consul-general, =5=, 647.
appealed to by the Jews of Alexandria, =5=, 647.
letter to, from Metternich, =5=, 647.
forms a court of justice for the Damascus affair, =5=, 648.
breaks up the consular court, =5=, 649.
grants Montefiore audience, =5=, 659.
in awe of the European powers, =5=, 659.
orders the release of the Damascus prisoners, =5=, 660.
thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, =5=, 660.
subterfuge of, discovered by Munk, =5=, 660.
changes his firman, =5=, 660.
officially states the groundlessness of the blood accusation, =5=,
661.
surrenders territory to Turkey, =5=, 661.

=Meïl Zedek.= _See_ Menachem of Merseburg.

=Meinhard of Görz=, captor of Meïr of Rothenburg, =3=, 639.

=Meiningen=, the “hep, hep!” persecutions in, =5=, 530.

=Meïr=, disciple of Akiba, returns to Judæa, =2=, 433.
originality of, =2=, 435.
said to be a convert, =2=, 435.
copyist of Holy Writ, =2=, 435-6.
wife of, =2=, 436.
disciple of Ishmael ben Elisha, =2=, 436.
writer of fables, =2=, 436.
death of the sons of, =2=, 436.
modesty and wisdom of, =2=, 437.
and Elisha ben Abuya, =2=, 437.
and Euonymus of Gadara, =2=, 437-8.
and the Stoic philosophy, =2=, 438.
dialectics of, =2=, 438-40.
completes the collection of the Mishnas, =2=, 439-40, 460.
an Agadist, =2=, 440.
and Simon II, =2=, 440.
Chacham of the Usha Synhedrion, =2=, 434, 445.
conspires to deprive Simon II of the Patriarchate, =2=, 445.
proposed for the vice-presidency of the Synhedrion, =2=, 445.
expelled from the Synhedrion, =2=, 445.
excommunicated, =2=, 446.
death of, =2=, 446.
a casuist, =2=, 476.
decision of, concerning the Samaritans, =2=, 534.

=Meïr=, son-in-law of Abraham Senior, accepts baptism, =4=, 351.

=Meïr=, teacher of the Mishna, quoted by Maimonides, =3=, 454.

=Meïr de Malea=, Almoxarif under Alfonso X, =3=, 593.

=Meïr ben Baruch= of Rothenburg (1220-1293), Talmudist, elegy of, on
the burning of the Talmud, =3=, 579.
piety of, =3=, 625.
heads the emigration of German Jews to Syria, =3=, 637.
taken prisoner, =3=, 638-9.
refuses to be ransomed, =3=, 639-40.
death of, =3=, 640.
body of, ransomed, =3=, 640.
disciple of, =4=, 34, 74.
ransom of, demanded from Asheri, =4=, 37.

=Meïr ben Baruch Halevi= (Segal, 1370-1390), rabbi of Vienna,
enforces the Morenu, =4=, 134.
compiles the customs of various communities, =4=, 134.
assumes authority over the French communities, =4=, 152-3.

=Meïr ben Gabbai=, Spanish exile, Kabbalist, =4=, 481.

=Meïr ben Joseph Ibn-Migash=, Talmudist, =3=, 317.
emigrates to Toledo, =3=, 361.
opens a Talmud academy in Toledo, =3=, 362.

=Meïr ben Samuel= of Rameru, son-in-law of Rashi, Tossafist, =3=,
289, 345.
sons of, =3=, 345.

=Meïr ben Simon=, denounces the Bahir as a forgery, =3=, 556.

=Meïr ben Todros Halevi Abulafia= (1180-1244), attacks Maimonides’
doctrine of immortality, =3=, 524.
friends and opponents of, =3=, 524-5.
and Nachmani, =3=, 535.
assures Nachmani of his opposition to the Maimunists, =3=, 537-8.
deplores Dominican interference in the Maimunist controversy, =3=,
544.
nephew of, =4=, 2.

=Meïr Alguades=, physician, chief rabbi of Castile, and Solomon
Levi, =4=, 185.
and Profiat Duran, =4=, 190.
influences the king favorably towards the Jews, =4=, 190.
as philosopher, =4=, 193.
tortured on the accusation of host desecration, =4=, 195.
forced confessions by, =4=, 196.
death of, =4=, 196.

=Meïr Eisenstadt=, teacher and confidant of Eibeschütz, =5=, 250.

=Meïri.= _See_ Vidal Menachem ben Solomon.

=Meïron=, grave of Simon ben Yochaï at, =4=, 623.

=Meisels=, rabbi, helps to reorganize Austria, =5=, 697.

=Meissen=, adopts the Jewish statute of Frederick the Valiant, =3=,
569.

=Mekor Chayim=, philosophical work by Ibn-Gebirol, =3=, 270-1.

=Meldola, David=, rabbi of London, repeats Manasseh ben Israel’s oath
denying the blood accusation, =5=, 654-5.

=Melo, Francisco=, millionaire in Amsterdam, =5=, 205.

=Memnon=, governor of Cœlesyria, =1=, 414.

=Memra=, the, decisions of the Amoraim, =2=, 515.
expounded by Rabba bar Nachmani, =2=, 578.

“=Men of Faith=,” a sect of Jewish mystics, =3=, 153-4.

=Menachem of Merseburg= (Meïl Zedek), Talmudist, changes the Talmudic
marriage law, =4=, 227-8.

=Menachem ben Aaron ben Zerach= (1310-1385), rabbi of Toledo, early
trials of, =4=, 78, 144.
studies of, =4=, 144-5.
mediocrity of, =4=, 145.
work by, =4=, 145.

=Menachem ben Perez=, of Joigny, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=,
377.

=Menachem ben Saruk= (910-970), grammarian, founder of Judæo-Spanish
culture, =3=, 215.
writes the introductory verses of a letter to the king of the
Chazars, =3=, 220.
makes Hebrew the object of research, =3=, 223.
patrons of, =3=, 224.
lexicographical work by, =3=, 224-5.
verse of, awkward, =3=, 225.
traduced to Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, =3=, 226-7.
defended by his disciples, =3=, 227.
disciples of, =3=, 237.
grammar of, known to Rashi, =3=, 289.
unhappiness of, =3=, 313.

=Menachem Bashyasi=, Karaite, permits lights on the Sabbath, =4=, 269.

=Menachem Maroli=, Karaite, permits lights on the Sabbath, =4=, 269.

=Menachemists=, followers of David Alrui, =3=, 433.

=Menahem= (768-758), king of Israel, murders Shallum, =1=, 244.
abolishes Baal worship, =1=, 244.
submits to Pul, =1=, 246-7.
power of the kingdom under, =1=, 247.
introduces the worship of Mylitta, =1=, 247.
death of, =1=, 248.

=Menahem=, an Essene, Hillel’s deputy in the Synhedrion, =2=, 100.

=Menahem ben Jair=, grandson of Judas of Galilee, leader of the
Sicarii, =2=, 239.
takes Masada, =2=, 258.
kills the Roman garrison at Jerusalem, =2=, 260.
cruelty of, =2=, 260-1.
disagrees with the Zealot leader, =2=, 261.
executed, =2=, 261.

=Menahem ben Solomon.= _See_ David Alrui.

=Mendelssohn, Dorothea=, culture of, =5=, 413.
marriage of, to Simon Veit, =5=, 424.
and Frederick Schlegel, =5=, 424.
apostasy of, =5=, 424.

=Mendelssohn, Henrietta=, accepts Catholicism, =5=, 424.

=Mendelssohn, Joseph=, approves of the “Society of Friends,”
=5=, 418.

=Mendelssohn, Moses= (1728-1786), causes the renaissance of the
Jewish race, =5=, 292-3.
youth of, =5=, 293.
arrival of, in Berlin, =5=, 293.
under the influence of David Fränkel, =5=, 293-4.
poverty of, =5=, 294.
under the influence of Maimonides, =5=, 295.
secular studies of, =5=, 295.
self-mastery of, =5=, 295.
Hebrew style of, =5=, 295-6.
as tutor, =5=, 296.
becomes acquainted with Lessing, =5=, 297.
admiration of, for Lessing, =5=, 297-8.
acquires a German style, =5=, 298.
writes the “Philosophical Conversations,” =5=, 298-9.
introduced to the learned circles of Berlin, =5=, 299.
contributes to the “Library of the Fine Arts,” =5=, 300.
appreciation of the Bible by, =5=, 301.
delicacy and modesty of, =5=, 301.
lacks appreciation of history, =5=, 301.
criticises Frederick the Great’s poetry, =5=, 302.
justifies himself before the king, =5=, 302-3.
as bookkeeper, =5=, 303.
wins the prize of the Berlin Academy, =5=, 303-4.
made a “Schutzjude,” =5=, 304.
writes the “Phædon,” =5=, 304-8.
honors paid to, =5=, 308.
physiognomy of, analyzed by Lavater, =5=, 308-9.
letter from, to Lavater, =5=, 311-13.
reconciled with Lavater, =5=, 314.
criticises Bonnet’s “Palingénésie,” =5=, 314-15.
pamphlets on, and Lavater, =5=, 315-16.
attacked by Kölbele, =5=, 316-17.
offends pious Jews, =5=, 317.
intercourse of, with Polish Jews, =5=, 317-18.
opposed to hasty burial, =5=, 318.
opinion of, on the “Fragments of an Unknown,” =5=, 320.
the “Fragments of an Unknown” attributed to, =5=, 322.
the hero of “Nathan the Wise,” =5=, 323.
mourning of, for Lessing, =5=, 327.
translates the Pentateuch for his children, =5=, 328.
publishes his Pentateuch translation, =5=, 328-9.
mildness of, in the face of opposition, =5=, 332.
appeals to the Danish royal house, =5=, 333-4.
assistants of, =5=, 334.
inspires the young, =5=, 334-5.
helps the Jews of Switzerland and Dresden, =5=, 344.
requested by the Alsatian Jews to draw up a memorial, =5=, 351.
and Dohm, =5=, 351-2.
attractive to Christians, =5=, 352.
inspires Dohm, =5=, 356, 361, 366.
on Dohm’s “Apology,” =5=, 361-2.
objects to excommunication, =5=, 362-3.
writes “The Salvation of the Jews,” =5=, 362-3.
charged with apostasy, =5=, 363.
publishes “Jerusalem,” =5=, 364-6.
adherence of, to Judaism, =5=, 364.
on the ceremonial law, =5=, 365.
inspires Wessely, =5=, 366.
compared with Wessely, =5=, 367.
addressed by the Jews of Trieste, =5=, 369.
death of, =5=, 371-2.
objections of, to Spinozism, =5=, 372.
defends Lessing, =5=, 372.
mourning for, =5=, 372.
statue of, =5=, 372-3.
reception of, at Königsberg, =5=, 398.
contributes to Ha-Meassef, =5=, 399.
and Herz Homberg, =5=, 401-2.
recommends the study of the sciences, =5=, 402.
glorified by the Measfim, =5=, 403.
daughters of, cultured, =5=, 412, 413.
house of, the center of culture, =5=, 412.
misunderstood by his family and his disciples, =5=, 417.
daughters of, =5=, 423, 424, 425.
influences Mirabeau, =5=, 432.
resemblance between and Börne, =5=, 538.
criticised by Bernays, =5=, 575.
the ideal of Krochmal, =5=, 608.
influence of, on Erter, =5=, 613.
repeats Manasseh ben Israel’s oath denying the blood accusation,
=5=, 655.

=Mendelssohnians=, the, in opposition to Rabbinical Judaism, =5=, 375.
oppose Chassidism, =5=, 394.

=Mendes, David Franco= (1713-1792), dramatic poet, influenced by
Luzzatto, =5=, 244.
devoted to Hebrew, =5=, 401.

=Mendes, Franco=, Portuguese Marrano, family of, in Holland, =4=, 667.

=Mendes, Manuel=, Portuguese Marrano leader, =4=, 516.

=Mendes-Nassi, Diogo=, Marrano banker at Antwerp, =4=, 572.
death of, =4=, 572.
accused of Judaizing, =4=, 573.

=Mendes-Nassi, Francisco=, husband of Gracia Mendesia, banker at
Antwerp, =4=, 571-2.

=Mendes-Nassi, Gracia=, the younger, daughter of Diogo, =4=, 572.
married to Samuel Nassi, =4=, 577.

=Mendes-Nassi family=, the, debt owing to, repudiated by Henry II of
France, =4=, 596, 597.

=Mendesia (Nassi) Gracia= (Beatrice, 1510-1568), Marrano
philanthropist, marriage of, =4=, 571.
at Antwerp, =4=, 572.
head of a banking house, =4=, 572-3.
property of, confiscated by Charles V, =4=, 573.
at Venice, =4=, 574.
informed against by her sister, =4=, 574.
property of, in France confiscated, =4=, 574.
cause of, espoused by the sultan, =4=, 574-5.
protected by Hercules d’Este II, =4=, 575.
described by Samuel Usque, =4=, 575-6.
the Ferrara Spanish Bible dedicated to, =4=, 577.
reconciled with her sister, =4=, 577.
goes to Constantinople, =4=, 577.
beneficence of, =4=, 577.
enlists the sultan’s aid in behalf of Turkish Jews at Ancona,
=4=, 579-80.
influences rabbis against trade with Ancona, =4=, 580.

=Mendoza=, cardinal, archbishop of Seville, prepares a catechism for
Marranos, =4=, 311.

=Menelaus= (Onias), the Benjamite, Hellenist, opposed to Onias
III, =1=, 437.
made high priest by Antiochus Epiphanes, =1=, 447.
despoils the Temple, =1=, 448.
instigates the murder of Onias III, =1=, 448.
exonerated from the charge of Temple desecration, =1=, 449.
maligns the Law, =1=, 449-50.
takes refuge in the Acra, =1=, 451.
desecrates the Temple, =1=, 451.
tries to abolish Judaism, =1=, 454-5.
executed, =1=, 480.

=Meni=, Chaldæan goddess, worshiped by Judæans in Babylon, =1=, 340.

=Menz.= _See_ Abraham; Judah; Moses.

=Meonenim=, Philistine soothsayers, =1=, 55.

=Mephibosheth=, son of Jonathan, lamed, =1=, 104.
protected by David, =1=, 123.
at Jerusalem with David, =1=, 124.

=Merab=, daughter of Saul, offered to David as wife, =1=, 99.
son of, killed by the Gibeonites, =1=, 123.

=Merari, Moses Menachem=, rabbi of Venice, exacts a promise from
Luzzatto not to teach the Kabbala, =5=, 239.

=Merbal=, a Phœnician, rules his own country, =1=, 342.

=Merida=, early settlement of Jews in, =3=, 43.
home of Samuel Ibn-Nagrela’s father, =3=, 255.

=Mérilhou=, French minister of education, proposes the complete
emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 597.

=Merinos=, the, a powerful family of Fez, =4=, 390.

=Merkel, Christian=, member of the Westphalian Jewish consistory, =5=,
502.

=Merlato=, Austrian consul at Damascus, protects Picciotto, =5=, 639.
abused, =5=, 639, 646.
issues a report on the Damascus affair, =5=, 646.
thanked by the London meeting, =5=, 653.
thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, =5=, 660.

=Merlo, Diego de=, commissioner to frame the statute of the
Inquisition, =4=, 312.

=Merodach-baladan=, king of Babylon, embassy of, to Hezekiah,
=1=, 278-9.

=Merom=, lake, battle of, =1=, 57.

=Merovingians=, the, the Jews under, =3=, 36-40, 143.

=Merseburg=, Jews in, in the ninth century, =3=, 144.
the Jews of, presented to the bishop, =3=, 243.

=Merv=, a scientific center in the ninth century, =3=, 146.

=Mervan II=, last of the Ommiyyade caliphs, rebellion against, =3=,
125.

=Merwan=, father of the poetess Asma, =3=, 76.

=Mesa= (Mesha), king of Moab, defeated, =1=, 208-9.

=Meshershaya bar Pacod=, Amora, executed by Firuz, =2=, 629.

=Meshullam of Béziers=, denounces the Bahir as a forgery, =3=, 556.

=Meshullam of Rome=, announces Innocent VII’s opposition to the
expulsion of the Jews, =4=, 346-7.

=Meshullam ben Jacob= (1170), patron of Jewish learning in
Lünel, =3=, 396.
sons of, =3=, 396-7.
encourages Judah Ibn-Tibbon to make translations into Hebrew, =3=,
397.
encourages Abraham ben David to write a Mishna commentary, =3=, 399.
descendant of, =4=, 30.

=Meshullam, son of Berechiah=, marries his daughter to an
Ammonite, =1=, 362.

=Meshullam En-Vidas Dafiera=, poet, on Nachmani, =3=, 557.

=Mesopotamia=, Judæans own large tracts in, =2=, 202.
laid waste by Severus, =2=, 464.

=Mesopotamia, northern=, a synagogue in, burnt by monks, =2=, 614.

=Mesopotamia, southern=, Jewish Babylonia, =2=, 504.

=Mesquito, David Bueno de=, millionaire in Amsterdam, =5=, 205.

=Messer-Jawaih=, of Bassora, physician, translates a medical work
into Arabic, =3=, 111.

=Messer Leon.= _See_ Judah ben Yechiel.

=Messiah=, the, a descendant of David, =1=, 528.
the coming of, foretold by a Judæo-Greek writer, =2=, 95, 143.
longing for, in the post-exilic period, =2=, 142-3.
as conceived by various parties in Judæa, =2=, 144-5.
Jesus declares himself, =2=, 158.
necessity of a precursor to, =2=, 158.
expected to come from Bethlehem, =2=, 161.
suffering, objections to, =2=, 166.
warrants in Holy Writ for Jesus as, =2=, 166-7.
expectation of, after the death of Jesus, =2=, 167-8.
Jesus believed by the apostle Paul to be, =2=, 225-6.
expectation of, in the Roman period, =2=, 240-1.
belief in Bar-Cochba as, =2=, 409, 412.
the advent of, dependent on the extinction of the Patriarchate and
the Exilarchate, =2=, 457.
to appear in Rome, =2=, 498.
Mar-Samuel’s view on, =2=, 519.
appearance of, a condition of the restoration of the Jewish
state, =2=, 600.
hope of, suppressed by Ashi, =2=, 610.
expectation of, among the Arabian Jews, =3=, 58.
expected by the Jews of the Caliphate of the East, =3=, 145.
expected by the Chazars, =3=, 222.
expected by the Karaites, =3=, 247.
expectation of, in Germany and France in the eleventh century, =3=,
298.
the appearance of, calculated by Abraham Albargeloni, =3=, 313.
hoped for by the Jews of northern Africa under Abdulmumen, =3=, 360.
forerunner of, among the Yemen Jews, =3=, 462, 464.
doctrine of the soul of, in the Kabbala, =3=, 555.
David Alrui poses as, =3=, 431, 432.
characterized by Nachmani, =3=, 600.
the coming of, supposed to be heralded by Hulagu’s devastation of
Jerusalem, =3=, 606.
abrogates the Law according to Raymund Martin, =3=, 622.
the appearance of, rumored in Syria, =3=, 637.
speculations on, in the Zohar, =4=, 18.
belief in, set aside by Chayim ben Gallipapa, =4=, 149.
the expectation of, the center of the Kabbala, =4=, 482.
the advent of, predicted by Isaac Abrabanel and Asher Lämmlein,
=4=, 482-3.
hope in, aroused by the Kabbalists, =4=, 483.
expectation of, aroused by David Reubeni, =4=, 494, 497-8.
expectation of, nursed by Solomon Molcho, =4=, 495-7, 529-30.
hope of, cherished by Joseph Karo, =4=, 538-9.
hope of, aroused by Isaac Lurya, =4=, 622.
references to, expunged from the Talmud by the censors, =4=, 660.
hope of, awakened by the Thirty Years’ War, =5=, 23.
of the Jews, as defined by the Fifth Monarchy believers, =5=, 23.
hopes of, entertained by Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 24, 28, 31, 33.
the advent of, connected with the re-settlement of the Jews in
England, =5=, 28, 40.
hoped for, by Felgenhauer, =5=, 35-6.
hopes of, entertained by Christians, =5=, 37.
the hopes of, entertained by Jews, expounded by Manasseh ben Israel,
=5=, 37-8.
Cromwell said to be, =5=, 45.
speculations on, in the Kabbala, =5=, 120-1.
Sabbataï Zevi reveals himself as, =5=, 122.
connected with the idea of suffering, =5=, 122-3.
Nathan Ghazati on, =5=, 131-2.
according to Sabbatian conceptions, =5=, 142-3.
announced by Nehemiah Cohen, =5=, 152.
Mordecai of Eisenstadt proclaims himself, =5=, 209.
Jacob Querido reverenced as, =5=, 210.
Berachya regarded as, =5=, 211.
doctrine of, by Chayon, =5=, 219-20.
Moses Meïr Kamenker regarded as, =5=, 230.
Luzzatto proclaimed as, =5=, 245.
Jacob Frank the incarnation of, =5=, 273, 274.
expectation of, in Poland, =5=, 377.
belief in, abandoned by the Hamburg Reform Temple Union, =5=, 565.
doctrine of, given up by the “Friends of Reform,” =5=, 675, 676.
Holdheim on, =5=, 680.
attitude of the Berlin Reform Association towards, =5=, 683.

=Messiah, the, of the branch of Joseph=, Isaac Lurya considers
himself, =4=, 622, 624.
Chayim Vital considers himself, =4=, 625; =5=, 52.
discussed by Sabbataï Zevi and Nehemiah Cohen, =5=, 153.
Cardoso declares himself, =5=, 207.

=Messiahs=, numbers of, appear during Roman sovereignty in
Judæa, =2=, 144.

=Messiahs=, the, list of:
Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia,
Avila, the Messiah of
Ayllon, the Messiah of
Bar-Cochba,
Berachya,
Frank, Jacob
Jacob Querido,
Jesus,
Luzzatto, Moses Chayim
Mordecai of Eisenstadt,
Moses of Crete,
Moses Botarel,
Moses Meïr Kamenker,
Obaiah Abu-Isa ben Ishak,
Sabbataï Zevi,
Serene,
Theudas.

=Messianic age=, the, as conceived by the educated classes,
=2=, 144-5.
believed to be dawning under Vespasian, =2=, 291-2.
tokens of, according to Abraham of Granada, =4=, 197.
preparation for, according to Maimonides, =4=, 530.
as described by Isaac Lurya, =4=, 620.

=Messianic year=, the, set for 1358, =4=, 120.
fixed at 1648 by the Zohar, =5=, 6, 121-2.
fixed by the Fifth Monarchy believers at 1666, =5=, 120.

=Messina=, the Jewish community in, in the sixth century, =3=, 28.
the clerk at the mint of, a Jew, =3=, 567.
Jews from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402.

=Messina, the Jews of=, enjoy equal rights with the Christians, =3=,
423.
in the twelfth century, =3=, 424.

=Mesvi.= _See_ Moses of Baalbek; Musa of Akbar.

=Metempsychosis.= _See_ Transmigration of souls, the.

=Meter=, introduced into Hebrew by Dunash ben Labrat, =3=, 223, 226.

=Metibta=, a session of the schools in Babylonia, =2=, 547.

=Metilius=, commander of the Roman garrison in Jerusalem, =2=, 255.
spared by the Zealots, =2=, 261.

=Metternich=, reactionary leader, =5=, 512.
disapproves of the oppression of the Jews in the Hanse Towns, =5=,
514.
accepts Humboldt’s constitution as a basis for discussion, =5=, 514.
carelessness of, =5=, 519-20.
the Jews of Austria under, =5=, 523.
on the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 527.
intolerant of Jews, =5=, 579.
intervention of, in the Damascus affair, =5=, 646, 647.
writes to Mehmet Ali, =5=, 647.
thanked by the London meeting, =5=, 653.
thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, =5=, 660.

=Meturgeman=, the, duty of, in the Synhedrion, =2=, 361.
office of, in the time of the Amoraim, =2=, 541.
employed by Samuel ben Ali, =3=, 438.

=Metz=, rabbis of, Poles, =5=, 17.
the Royal Society of, offers a prize on the Jewish question,
=5=, 434-5.
the Talmud school of, closed, =5=, 567.
a rabbinical college at, =5=, 700.

=Metz, the Jews of=, privileges of, renewed by Louis XIV, =5=, 174.
the blood accusation against, =5=, 174-5.
elect Eibeschütz rabbi, =5=, 251.
limited in number, =5=, 347-8.
income from, given away by Louis XIV, =5=, 348, 446.
restrictions against, =5=, 348-9.
number of, =5=, 435.
petition for the removal of oppressive taxes, =5=, 438.
relieved of taxes, =5=, 446.
hindered in the celebration of the Passover, =5=, 452.
suffering of, =5=, 452.

=Metz, Moses.= _See_ Ensheim, Moses.

=Metz, Moses=, follower of Joseph Delmedigo, =5=, 77.

=Meyer=, a Jew of Breslau, charged with host desecration, =4=, 261.

=Meyer, Edward=, opponent of the Jews, =5=, 602.

=Meyer, Peter=, pastor in Frankfort, permits Pfefferkorn to
preach, =4=, 449.

=Meyerbeer=, father of, =5=, 563.
composes songs for the Leipsic Reform service, =5=, 573.

=Meyuchas, Mordecai Joseph=, rabbi of Jerusalem, encourages
opposition to Napoleon, =5=, 459.

=Mezuzzoth=, the use of, prohibited under Hadrian, =2=, 424.

=Miasa.= _See_ Meïr.

=Micah (I)=, prophet. _See_ Michaiah.

=Micah (II)=, prophet, prophecies of, =1=, 261-2.
encourages the people of Judah under Hezekiah, =1=, 273.

=Michael=, name of an angel, =1=, 403.

=Michael of Frankfort=, merchant, the ruin of, urged by Luther, =4=,
551.

=Michael the Old=, Karaite, permits lights on the Sabbath, =4=, 269.

=Michael ben Kaleb=, Jewish poet in Thebes, =3=, 426.

=Michael Scotus=, friend of Jacob Anatoli, =3=, 566.
translator of philosophical works, =3=, 567.

=Michaelis, John David=, professor at Göttingen, hostility of, to the
Jews, =5=, 359-60.
criticised by Mendelssohn, =5=, 361.
on “Jerusalem,” =5=, 365-6.
on “The Gatherer,” =5=, 404.
on the Jews, =5=, 414.
refuted by Mirabeau, =5=, 433.

=Michaelis, John Henry=, exonerates the Alenu prayer, =5=, 191.

=Michaiah=, son of Gemariah, reports Baruch’s reading of Jeremiah’s
scroll, =1=, 305.

=Michaiah= (Micah I), son of Imlah, prophet, hostile to Ahab, =1=,
205.

=Michal=, daughter of Saul, devoted to David, =1=, 98.
marries David, =1=, 100.
returns to David, =1=, 110.
rebukes David, =1=, 120.

=Michlol=, grammatical work by David Kimchi, =3=, 394.

=Michmash=, Philistine camp at, =1=, 86-8.
Jonathan Haphus invests the fortress of, =1=, 494.

=Microcosmos=, religio-philosophical work by Abu-Amr Joseph Ibn-Zadik,
=3=, 314-15.

=Middelburg=, admission of Jews into, proposed, =4=, 663.

=Middlesex, Lord=, and Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 33.

=Middoth=, the seven, of Hillel, for testing the oral Law, =2=, 98.

=Midian=, Moses in, =1=, 14.

=Midianites=, the, seduce the Israelites to idolatry, =1=, 28.
routed by Gideon, =1=, 61-3.

=Midoth=, Mishna of Rabbi Akiba, =2=, 354.

=Midras=, academy among the Arabian Jews, =3=, 59.

=Midrash=, method of deducing the oral Law from Scripture, =2=,
328, 329.

=Midrash= of Simon bar Yochaï. _See_ Zohar, the.

=Midrash Rabba=, the, laid under the ban, =5=, 195.

“=Migdal Oz=,” Sabbataï Zevi’s prison at Abydos, =5=, 148.

=Migration=, the, of the nations, =2=, 604-5.

=Mikulski, de=, Canon, favors the conversion of Frankists, =5=, 285.
arranges for a disputation between Frankists and Talmudists, =5=,
285.

=Milan=, the Jewish community in, under the Ostrogoths, =3=, 28.
refuge of the exiles from the Papal States, =4=, 592.

=Milan, the Jews of=, letter to, from Theodoric, =3=, 30.
appeal for permission to own the Talmud, =4=, 658.

=Milan district=, the, the Jews of, expelled, =4=, 660.

=Milchamoth=, work by Abraham Maimuni, =3=, 545.

=Milchamoth Adonaï=, work by Levi ben Gerson, =4=, 92.

=Milcom=, Baal of the Ammonites, =1=, 55.
worshiped on the Mount of Olives, =1=, 175.

=Military service=, Jews admitted to, =3=, 36, 293, 384, 592.

=Military service, Jews excluded from=, by Honorius, =2=, 617.
by Theodosius, =3=, 28.
under Clotaire II, =3=, 40.
in the Byzantine empire, =3=, 425.

=Miller, John=, describes the Hamburg Jews, =4=, 690.
objections of, to the Jews, =4=, 691.
attacks Judaism, =4=, 692.

=Millionaires=, Jewish, at Amsterdam, =5=, 205.
in Berlin, =5=, 397, 414.

=Millo=, the, northern elevation of Jerusalem, =1=, 118.
Solomon’s palace in, =1=, 168.

=Milo=, papal legate, humbles Raymund VI of Toulouse, =3=, 501-2.
presides over the Council of Avignon, =3=, 503.

=Milo=, Joseph Nassi made duke of, =4=, 596.

=Minæans= (Minim), the, sectaries, =2=, 369.
the writings of, influence Elisha ben Abuya, =2=, 377.
influence of, on Judaism deprecated by Tarphon, =2=, 378.
term for informers, =2=, 379.
curse of, attributed to Gamaliel II, =2=, 379-80.
curse of, subject of a charge before Alfonso XI of Castile, =4=,
83.

=Minden=, Jews tolerated in, =4=, 686.

=Minhagim=, compiled by the Austrian school of rabbis, =4=, 134-5.

=Minim.= _See_ Minæans, the.

=Minna= of Speyer, tortured during the second crusade, =3=, 352.

=Minorca.= _See_ Magona.

=Minorites=, the. _See_ Franciscans, the.

=Minui.= _See_ Ordination.

=Minyan Yavanim= (Shetaroth), the Seleucidæan era, abolished,
=4=, 394-5.

=Miques, João.= _See_ Nassi, Joseph.

=Mirabeau=, count (1749-1791), sympathy of, enlisted for the Jews by
Dohm, =5=, 366.
in intercourse with Henrietta Herz, =5=, 413.
on Prussia under Frederick William II, =5=, 419.
influenced by Mendelssohn, =5=, 432.
on the Jews, =5=, 432-3.
favors the emancipation of the Jews, =5=, 433-4, 441.
protests against a dominant religion, =5=, 439.

=Miracles=, the nature of, as explained in “The Guide of the
Perplexed,” =3=, 483, 523.
theory of, by Nachmani, =3=, 533.

=Mirandola.= _See_ Pico di Mirandola.

=Miriam=, mother of Jesus, =2=, 148.

=Miriam=, prophetess, member of the tribe of Levi, =1=, 12.

=Miriam of Peræa=, suffering of, during the siege of Jerusalem, =2=,
306.

“=Mirror= for Admonition, A,” anti-Jewish pamphlet by Ortuin de
Graes, =4=, 425.

“=Mirror= of Morals, The,” by Solomon Alami, quotation from,
=4=, 154-5.

“=Mirror= of the Jews, The,” anti-Jewish pamphlet by Hundt, =5=, 532.

=Mises, Jehuda Löb=, patron of Jewish students in Lemberg, =5=, 612.
exempt from excommunication, =5=, 614.

=Mishlé Shualim=, by Berachya ben Natronaï, =3=, 560.

=Mishna=, the, code of the oral Law, the first, =2=, 343, 354.
of Akiba, =2=, 354.
treatise of, on proselytes, =2=, 384.
of Meïr, =2=, 439-40.
completed by Judah I, =2=, 460.
divisions of, =2=, 460.
style of, =2=, 460.
authority of, =2=, 461, 462.
not committed to writing, =2=, 461, 608.
language of, =2=, 461-2.
history of the compilation of, =2=, 462.
supplements to, =2=, 470.
impresses a legal character upon Judaism, =2=, 471.
asserts the equivalence of all religious commands, =2=, 472.
reward and punishment according to, =2=, 472-3.
on the study of the Law, =2=, 473-4.
spirituality of, =2=, 474-5.
casuistry in, =2=, 475-6.
not hostile to Christianity, =2=, 476.
contains laws against intercourse with the heathen, =2=, 476-8.
permits the heathen to glean, =2=, 478.
completion of, ends the work of the Tanaites, =2=, 478.
study of, pursued by the Palestinian Amoraim, =2=, 489-90.
not of equal legal force throughout, =2=, 493.
expounded by Rabba bar Nachmani, =2=, 578.
as studied by Raba bar Joseph bar Chama, =2=, 590-1.
amplifications and explanations of, arranged by Ashi, =2=, 607-9.
_See_ Talmud, the.
translated into Arabic, =3=, 237.
explained by Maimonides, =3=, 451.
methodology of, by Gersonides, =4=, 392.
translated into Latin, =5=, 193.
_See also_ Law, the oral; Talmud, the; Tanaites, the.

=Mishna, the, commentary on=, by Maimonides, =3=, 458-60,
492; =4=, 60.
by Abraham ben David, =3=, 399.
by Lipmann Heller, =4=, 704.
by Obadiah di Bertinoro, =4=, 704.

=Mishna, Acharona=, Akiba’s code, =2=, 354.

=Mishna di Rabbi Judah=, the final code, =2=, 461. _See_ Mishna, the.

=Mishna Rishona=, the earliest code, =2=, 343, 354.

“=Mishne Torah=,” the, religious code, by Maimonides, =3=, 466-72.
clears the maze of the Talmud, =3=, 466, 467, 468-9.
place given to philosophy in, =3=, 467-8.
language of, =3=, 469.
deviates occasionally from the Talmudic decisions, =3=, 469.
on Talmudical Judaism, =3=, 470.
helps to ossify Judaism, =3=, 470.
spread of, =3=, 471.
attacked by Talmudists, =3=, 472.
criticised by Abraham ben David, =3=, 490.
the basis of Moses of Coucy’s work, =3=, 586.
adhered to in Spain, =4=, 86.
Turim based on, =4=, 88.
compared with Turim, =4=, 89.
superseded by Turim, =4=, 89-90.

=Mishnic rules= of interpretation used by Anan ben David, =3=, 131.

=Misr=, and Misr, New. _See_ Cairo.

=Mithnagdim=, opponents of the Chassidim, =5=, 392.

=Mithridates=, king of Pergamus, aided by Antipater, =2=, 75.

=Mithridates=, king of Pontus, Pompey’s campaign against, =2=, 62.
suicide of, =2=, 65.

=Mixed marriages.= _See_ Intermarriages.

=Mizpah=, Samuel holds popular assemblies at, =1=, 78.
fortified by Asa, =1=, 191.
seat of Gedaliah, =1=, 320, 321.
sanctuary at, =1=, 321.
Gedaliah murdered at, =1=, 322.
the inhabitants of, taken captive, =1=, 322.
Judas Maccabæus exhorts his troops at, =1=, 467.

=Mizpeh=, mountain, description of, =1=, 45.

=Mizrachi.= _See_ Elias Mizrachi.

=Mizriczians=, a branch of the Chassidim, =5=, 388.

“=Mizvoth=,” a compendium of religious duties, by Abulsari Sahal ben
Mazliach Kohen, =3=, 204.

=Mnevis=, white bull, worshiped by the Egyptians, =1=, 9.

=Moabites=, the, hostile to the Israelites in the desert, =1=, 28.
idolatry of, =1=, 55.
relations of, to the Israelites, =1=, 56-9.
routed by Ehud, =1=, 60-1.
subdued by David, =1=, 125-6.
attracted to Palestine under Solomon, =1=, 173.
regain independence, =1=, 185.
tributary to Omri, =1=, 194-5.
defeated by Jehoram and Jehoshaphat, =1=, 208-9.
conquered by Jeroboam II, =1=, 226.
urge revolt from Nebuchadnezzar upon Zedekiah, =1=, 300.
allies of Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 314.
desirous of friendly relations with the Judæans, =1=, 362.
as proselytes, =2=, 343, 384.

=Moabitis=, invaded by Alexander Jannæus, =2=, 44.

=Moawiyah=, Ommiyyade Caliph, rival of Ali, =3=, 90.
tolerance of, =3=, 110.
patron of learning, =3=, 110.

=Mocenigo, Luis=, doge of Venice, proposes the expulsion of the Jews,
=4=, 600-1.
banishes the Jews, =4=, 606.

=Mocenigo, Pietro=, doge of Venice, defends the Jews from the charge
of child-murder, =4=, 299.

=Mochinger, John=, mystic, addresses Manasseh ben Israel, =5=, 24.

=Mocho, John=, Dominican, incites the mob against the Portuguese
Marranos, =4=, 487.

=Modena.= _See_ Leo ben Isaac Modena.

=Modena=, Jews beg for shelter in, =4=, 660.
Mordecai of Eisenstadt in, =5=, 209.
rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, =5=, 571.

=Modestus=, Patriarch at Jerusalem, demands the annihilation of the
Jews of Palestine, =3=, 22-3.

=Modin=, the home of the Maccabees, =1=, 459.
Hasmonæan family mausoleum at, =2=, 14.

=Mohammed=, sultan of Turkey, death of, =5=, 634.

=Mohammed El-Telli=, opponent of the Damascus Jews, =5=, 633.
employed as a spy by Ratti Menton, =5=, 635, 636, 637-8.

=Moise.= _See_ Meïr.

=Moisling, the Jews of=, trade in Lübeck, =5=, 506.
move to Lübeck, =5=, 506.

=Molcho, Solomon= (Diogo Pires, 1501-1532), Marrano, royal secretary,
Hebrew education of, =4=, 495.
Messianic mysticism of, =4=, 495-6.
undergoes circumcision, =4=, 496, 499.
goes to Turkey, =4=, 496.
among the Kabbalists, =4=, 496-7.
longs for martyrdom, =4=, 497.
as a preacher, =4=, 497.
persecuted at Ancona, =4=, 501.
at Pesaro, =4=, 501.
appears in Rome in Messianic equipment, =4=, 502.
vision of, concerning Rome, =4=, 502.
in intercourse with Clement VII and Church dignitaries, =4=, 503.
preaches at Rome, =4=, 503-4.
announces an earthquake and a flood, =4=, 504.
goes to Venice, =4=, 504.
severs his relation with Reubeni, =4=, 504.
poisoned, =4=, 505.
influence of, against the Inquisition feared by Portugal, =4=, 506.
denounced by Jacob Mantin, =4=, 506-7.
sentenced to be burnt, =4=, 507.
saved by Clement VII, =4=, 507.
leaves Rome, =4=, 507.
petitions Charles V to permit the Marranos to arm themselves
against the Turks, =4=, 509-10.
burnt at Mantua, =4=, 510-11.
personality of, =4=, 511.
enthusiasm for, =4=, 511-12.
influence of, in Palestine, =4=, 529-30.
influence of, on Joseph Karo, =4=, 537.
a prey to Kabbalistic influences, =5=, 233.

=Mole=, count, advises exceptional laws for the French Jews, =5=, 479.
report of, not kindly received by Napoleon’s council, =5=, 479.
imperial commissioner to the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=,
485, 489.
announces Napoleon’s satisfaction with the Notables, =5=, 492.
probably frames Napoleon’s Jewish law, =5=, 498.

=Moloch worship=, under Manasseh, =1=, 283.
under Jehoiakim, =1=, 300.

=Moloch Chammon=, god of fire, altar to, in Samaria, =1=, 197.

=Moncado, Abraham de=, Marrano in Pernambuco, =4=, 693.

=Moncalvo=, French exiles settle in, =4=, 177.

=Moncilla=, the Jews of, attacked at the instigation of Pedro
Olligoyen, =4=, 78.

=Mongols= (Tartars), the, devastate Jerusalem, =3=, 605-6.
of Hungary, crusade against, =3=, 614.
kingdom of, in Persia, =3=, 637-8.
of the Persian khanate, conspire against Saad-Addaula, =3=, 649.

“=Moniteur=,” the, publishes a history of the Jews, =5=, 485-6.

=Monobaz I=, king of Adiabene, domestic relations of, =2=, 216.

=Monobaz II=, regent of Adiabene, circumcised, =2=, 217.
king, presents golden vessels to the Temple, =2=, 219.
relatives of, aid Judæa against Rome, =2=, 264.

=Monopoli= (Apulia), Isaac Abrabanel at, =4=, 384.

=Monotheism=, belief held by Abraham, =1=, 5.

=Mons Judaicus=, near Narbonne, =3=, 35.

=Montalto, Elias.= _See_ Elias Montalto.

=Montanists=, the, persecuted by Leo the Isaurian, =3=, 123-3.

=Montefiore, Judith=, accompanies her husband to Egypt, =5=, 654.

=Montefiore, Moses=, acts in the Damascus affair, =5=, 645.
appeal to, from Damascus, =5=, 651.
sent to Egypt on the Damascus affair, =5=, 651-2, 653.
dignity of, =5=, 653.
sets out for Egypt, =5=, 654, 657-8.
honors shown to, =5=, 658-9.
supported by the English consul-general in Egypt, =5=, 659.
audience of, with Mehmet Ali, =5=, 659.
obtains a firman securing Turkish Jews against the blood
accusation, =5=, 662.
honors shown to, on his return from the East, =5=, 667, 668.
obtains the removal of Tomaso’s tombstone, =5=, 668.
received by Louis Philippe, =5=, 668.
congratulated by Queen Victoria, =5=, 669.
acknowledgment of the services of, =5=, 669-72.
celebration of the return of, in London, =5=, 670.

=Montemar=, marquis of, friend of Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 338.

=Montesquieu=, denounces the barbarous treatment of the Jews, =5=,
336.

=Montezinos, Antonio de= (Aaron Levi), traveler, on the whereabouts
of the Ten Tribes, =5=, 30.

=Monte-Zion street=, occupied by the Jews of Palma, =4=, 171.

=Montiel=, the battle of, Henry de Trastamare victorious at, =4=, 126.

=Montpellier, the Council of=, omits all mention of Jews, =3=, 508.
the Inquisition at, =3=, 542.
Maimonides’ works burnt at, =3=, 543.
Jewish physicians at, =3=, 582, 583.
bigotry of Jewish scholars of, =4=, 27.
synagogue of, sold, =4=, 48.

=Montpellier, the Jews of=, prosperous in the twelfth century, =3=,
395.
learning of, =3=, 395.
influenced to oppose the study of science, =4=, 29-30, 31-2.
refuse support to Abba-Mari, =4=, 39, 40-1.
forced to wear badges, =4=, 54.

=Monzon=, the Jews of, excommunicate the anti-Maimunists, =3=, 537.

=Moore, Dorothea=, student of Hebrew literature, =5=, 21.

=Moravia=, John of Capistrano in, =4=, 258.
Polish fugitives in, =5=, 16.
rabbis of, Poles, =5=, 17.
the Sabbatian movement in, =5=, 150, 208, 228.
exiles from Vienna settle in, =5=, 172.
Jews under restrictions in, =5=, 523.
rabbis of, oppose the Reform movement, =5=, 571.
rabbis of, protest against the Brunswick rabbinical conference, =5=,
682.

=Moravia, the Jews of=, suffer during the persecution instigated by
Hartmann von Deggenburg, =4=, 98.
urged to emigrate to Turkey, =4=, 271.
submit questions to the Polish Talmudists, =4=, 639.
outbursts against, during the Austrian War of Succession,
=5=, 251-2.
suspected of treason, =5=, 252.
banished, =5=, 252.
heavily taxed, =5=, 508.

=Mordecai of Eisenstadt=, Sabbatian, preaching of, =5=, 208.
gives himself out as the Messiah, =5=, 208-9.
in Italy and Poland, =5=, 209.
founds a Sabbatian sect, =5=, 212.

=Mordecai ben Hillel=, Talmudist, martyrdom of, =4=, 36.

=Mordecai ben Joseph=, of Avignon, obtains the abrogation of the law
on Jew badges, =3=, 612.
imprisoned for refusing to wear the badge, =3=, 613.

=Mordecai ben Nissan=, writes on the history of Karaism, =4=, 183-4.

=Mordecai Ibn-Alcharbiya.= _See_ Saad-Addaula.

=Mordecai Jafa= (1532-1612), supposed organizer of the Synod of the
Four Countries, =4=, 645.
draws up a religious code, =4=, 645.
as rabbi in Poland, =4=, 645.

=Mordecai Zemach ben Gershon= (Soncin), appeals to Pius IV for the
return of the Jews to Prague, =4=, 586-7.

=Mordecai Zevi=, father of Sabbataï, prosperous, =5=, 119-20.
interested in Messianic speculations, =5=, 120.

=Morea, the, the Jews of=, consider trading with Pesaro, =4=, 579.
Sabbataï Zevi in, =5=, 124.

=Moreh=, mountain, description of, =1=, 44.

=Moréh Nebuchim.= _See_ “Guide of the Perplexed, The.”

=Morenu=, ordination of rabbis, enforced in Germany, =4=, 134.
rabbi, title bestowed on Crémieux, =5=, 668.

=Moriah=, Mount, the Jebusites settle on, =1=, 114.
situated on the east side of Jerusalem, =1=, 115, 119.
David sacrifices on, =1=, 138.
site of the Temple, =1=, 162.

=Morillo, Miguel=, inquisitor appointed by Sixtus IV, =4=,
312, 314, 323.
censured by the pope, =4=, 318.

=Moriscos=, the original Jewish inhabitants of Palestine, =4=, 399.

“=Morning Baptists=,” name given to the Essenes, =2=, 26.

=Moro, Joseph= (Philip), apostate, denounces the Talmud, =4=, 564.
employed by Paul IV to annoy the Jews, =4=, 581.

=Morocco=, taken by Abdulmumen, =3=, 358.
the Jews of, emigrate or accept Islam, =3=, 358-9.
embassy to, under Abraham Ibn-Alfachar, =3=, 385.
forced converts emigrate to, =4=, 179.
Spanish exiles in, =4=, 389-90.
fortunes of the Jews of, =5=, 168.

=Morpurgo, Elijah=, one of the Measfim, =5=, 402.

=Mortara case=, the, =5=, 701.

=Morteira, Saul Levi= (1596-1660), disciple of Elias Montalto, =4=,
673.
instructor in the Talmud Torah of Amsterdam, =4=, 681.
member of the first rabbinical college, =4=, 682.
mediocrity of, =4=, 682.
eulogizes Isaac de Castro-Tartas, =5=, 32.
relations of, to Manasseh ben Israel strained, =5=, 34.
imposes penance upon Uriel da Costa, =5=, 63.
teacher of Spinoza, =5=, 87, 88.
sits in judgment on Spinoza, =5=, 92.

“=Mosaic Law=, The,” by John David Michaelis, =5=, 359.

“=Mosaic religion=,” the, possibility of the development of, =5=,
675, 676.

=Moselle district=, the, the Jews of, during the first crusade, =3=,
300.

=Moser, Moses=, friend of Heine, informed of his conversion, =5=, 551.
advises against the publication of the “Rabbi of Bacharach,”
=5=, 552.
founder of the Society for Culture, =5=, 583.
staunchness of, =5=, 587-8.

=Moses=, legislator and prophet, member of the tribe of Levi, =1=,
12.
at the court of Pharaoh, =1=, 13.
opposes injustice, =1=, 13.
in Midian, =1=, 14.
met by Aaron on Horeb, =1=, 15.
the leader of Israel, =1=, 17.
orders the punishment of the idolatrous Israelites in the
desert, =1=, 24.
teaches the Israelites, =1=, 25.
forms the Council of Elders, =1=, 25-6.
death of, =1=, 30-1.
characterization of, =1=, 30-1.
how regarded by the Essenes, =2=, 28.
synagogue in Egypt attributed to, =3=, 445.
prophetic faculty of, analyzed by Maimonides, =3=, 483-4.
prophetic character of, denied by the philosophers, =4=, 24.
the Sons of, Baruch Gad’s reports about, =5=, 126.
characterized by Heine, =5=, 553-5.

=Moses=, rabbi of Saxony, accused of using human blood, =4=, 298.

=Moses (Mesvi) of Baalbek=, founder of a Karaite sect, =3=, 158.

=Moses de Cavarite=, sheriff of Béziers, =3=, 395.

=Moses of Coucy= (1200-1260), Tossafist, disciple of Judah Sir
Leon, =3=, 409.
alienates the French rabbis from Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 539.
exhorts the Jews of southern France and Spain, =3=, 545-6.
ritual and ethical sermons by, =3=, 546.
at the disputation with Donin, =3=, 576, 578.
Bible commentary by, =3=, 586.

=Moses of Crete=, a false Messiah, =2=, 610-11.

=Moses de Leon.= _See_ Moses ben Shem Tob; Zohar, the.

=Moses de Trani=, disciple of Jacob Berab, rival of Joseph
Karo, =4=, 540.
appealed to on the question of trade with Ancona, =4=, 580.

=Moses of Trent=, refuses to confess to ritual murder, =4=, 298.

=Moses ben Asher=, Massoret, corrects copies of the Bible, =3=, 207.
works of, criticised by Saadiah, =3=, 207.

=Moses ben Chanoch=, emissary from Sora, taken captive, =3=, 208.
wife of, drowned, =3=, 208-9.
ransomed by the Cordova Jews, =3=, 209.
reveals himself as a Talmudist, =3=, 209.
chosen as rabbinical chief by the Cordova community, =3=, 209.
founder of Judæo-Spanish culture, =3=, 215.
protected by Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, =3=, 228.
deference paid to, =3=, 228.
title of, =3=, 229.
functions of, =3=, 229.
death of, =3=, 229.
son of, =3=, 229-30.

=Moses ben Chasdaï Taku= (1250-1290), Talmudist and anti-Maimunist,
=3=, 624-5, 626.

=Moses ben Guthiel=, head of the Speyer community, and forced
converts, =3=, 306.

=Moses ben Isaac Alashkar=, Spanish exile at Tunis, =4=, 391.
Talmudist, Kabbalist, and Maimunist, =4=, 392.
flees to Egypt, =4=, 392, 393.

=Moses ben Isaac (Gajo) da Rieti= (1388-1451), physician and poet,
versification of, =4=, 230-1.
poems by, in the Italian liturgy, =4=, 231.
mediocrity of, =5=, 112.

=Moses ben Israel Isserles= (1520-1572), Talmudist, ancestry and
attainments of, =4=, 637.
commentator upon Karo’s code, =4=, 637-8.
as an astronomer, =4=, 638.
as a philosopher, =4=, 638.
teacher of David Gans, =4=, 638.
authority of, =4=, 639.
disciples of, =4=, 639.
Talmudist, =5=, 4.
highest authority in Judaism in the seventeenth century, =5=, 51.

=Moses ben Jehuda Cohen=, excommunicates the Anti-Maimunists, =3=,
633.

=Moses ben Joshua Narboni= (Maëstro Vidal, 1300-1362), philosopher,
=4=, 87, 93-5.
writes commentaries on Maimonides and Averroes, =4=, 94.
persecuted, =4=, 94, 103.
religious philosophy of, =4=, 94-5.
accused of heresy, =4=, 342.

=Moses ben Kalonymos= (787), scholar, brought by Charlemagne to
Mayence, =3=, 143.

=Moses ben Maimun= (Abu-Amrun Musa ben Maimun Obaid Allah, Maimonides,
1135-1204), youth of, =3=, 447.
a fugitive from the Almohades, =3=, 447-8.
studies of, =3=, 448-9.
character of, =3=, 449-50.
purpose of, to expound Judaism, =3=, 450-1.
work of, on the Jewish calendar, =3=, 451.
explains the Mishna, =3=, 451.
emigrates to Fez, =3=, 451.
assumes Islam, =3=, 451.
defends the pseudo-Mahometan Jews, =3=, 454-6.
emigrates to Palestine, =3=, 456.
brother of, dies, =3=, 457.
as a physician, =3=, 458.
completes his Mishna commentary, =3=, 458; =4=, 704.
on the science of the Mishna, =3=, 458-9.
on tradition, =3=, 459.
on the Sayings of the Fathers, =3=, 459.
draws up a creed of thirteen articles, =3=, 459-60.
reputation of, spread abroad by his disciples, =3=, 460-1.
consoles the Yemen Jews for their forced conversion to Islam,
=3=, 462-4.
as rabbi of Cairo, =3=, 465.
views of, on the Karaites, =3=, 465.
abolishes the silent prayer, =3=, 465-6.
completes the “Mishne-Torah,” =3=, 466, 472.
physician to Saladin’s court, =3=, 472-3.
as a medical writer, =3=, 473.
refuses to become Richard I’s physician, =3=, 474.
accused and acquitted of apostasy from Islam, =3=, 474.
head of the Egyptian congregations, =3=, 474.
rescues the Yemen Jews from persecution, =3=, 474.
traduced by Samuel ben Ali, =3=, 475.
on the doctrine of resurrection, =3=, 475-6, 488.
correspondence of, with Samuel ben Ali, =3=, 476-7.
attacked by Mar-Sacharya, =3=, 477.
writes the “Guide of the Perplexed,” =3=, 477-85.
philosophical work of, intended only for Jews, =3=, 486.
weakness of the philosophy of, =3=, 486-7.
reverence for, in southern France, =3=, 488-9.
illness of, =3=, 489.
attacked by Abraham ben David, =3=, 490.
advises Samuel Ibn-Tibbon on the translation of the “Guide of the
Perplexed,” =3=, 490-1.
activity of, =3=, 491.
describes the state of Talmud studies in the twelfth century, =3=,
492.
opinion held by, of the Jews of Provence, =3=, 492.
death of, =3=, 492.
mourning for, =3=, 492-3.
son of, =3=, 493.
epitaph of, =3=, 493.
effects of the death of, =3=, 494-5.
no successor to, =3=, 495-6.
philosophy of, non-Jewish, =3=, 522.
rationalism of, =3=, 523.
on the Agada, =3=, 523.
attacked by Meïr ben Todros Abulafia, =3=, 524-5.
attacked by Daniel ben Saadiah, =3=, 525-6.
reverence for, in the East, =3=, 526.
theories of, in France and Spain, =3=, 526-7.
vilified by Solomon of Montpellier, =3=, 528-9.
desires to bring Talmudic reasoning to a conclusion, =3=, 532-3.
system of, opposed by Nachmani, =3=, 533-4, 608.
works of, burnt in Montpellier, =3=, 543.
defended by his son, =3=, 545.
causes division in Judaism, =3=, 546-7.
grandson of, =3=, 620.
works of, used by Raymund Martin, =3=, 622.
reverence for, in France and Spain, =3=, 624.
denounced as a heretic by Moses Taku, =3=, 624.
agitation against, by Solomon Petit, =3=, 626-34.
philosophical writings of, influence the Italian Jews, =3=, 629-30.
works of, excommunicated by Accho Kabbalists, =3=, 631.
epitaph of, desecrated, =3=, 631.
defended by his grandson, =3=, 632-3.
censured by Todros Abulafia, =4=, 2.
the religious philosophy of, induces the allegorization of the
Scriptures, =4=, 23.
works of, fall under the ban against science, =4=, 40.
admired by Yedaya Bedaresi, =4=, 43.
translation of the works of, for the Italian Jews, =4=, 60.
described as a Kabbalist, =4=, 74.
certain views of, opposed by Gersonides, =4=, 93.
admired by Narboni, =4=, 94.
authority of, questioned by Chasdaï Crescas, =4=, 146, 192.
Isaac ben Sheshet’s view of, =4=, 147.
the Messianic belief formulated by, =4=, 149.
philosophy of, expounded by Profiat Duran, =4=, 191.
accused of heresy by Shem Tob ben Joseph, =4=, 197.
condemned by Kabbalists, =4=, 239.
system of, expounded by Elias del Medigo, =4=, 290.
defended by Moses ben Isaac Alashkar, =4=, 392.
synagogue reform by, nullified, =4=, 395.
philosophical writings of, condemned by Isaac Abrabanel, =4=, 479.
on the preparation for the Messianic time, =4=, 530.
on ordination in Palestine, =4=, 531.
writings of, studied by Polish Jews in the sixteenth century, =4=,
633.
studied by Spinoza, =5=, 88.
influence of, on Mendelssohn, =5=, 295.
deficient in historical sense, =5=, 302.
influence of, on Erter, =5=, 613.
philosophy of, explained by Munk, =5=, 655.
_See also_ Anti-Maimunists, the; Guide of the Perplexed, the;
Maimunists, the; Maimunist controversy, the; “Mishne-Torah.”