Chapter XLI: Section 2: shows that it was Frick and Hitler, the signers of the decree, (2)

│ │ │
Document │ Description │ Vol. │ Page
│ │ │
│Charter of the International Military │ │
│ Tribunal, Article 6. │ I │ 5
│International Military Tribunal, │ │
│ Indictment Number 1, Section IV (H);│ │
│ Appendix A. │ I │ 29, 60
│ ———— │ │
│Note: A single asterisk (*) before a │ │
│document indicates that the document │ │
│was received in evidence at the │ │
│Nurnberg trial. A double asterisk (**)│ │
│before a document number indicates │ │
│that the document was referred to │ │
│during the trial but was not formally │ │
│received in evidence, for the reason │ │
│given in parentheses following the │ │
│description of the document. The USA │ │
│series number, given in parentheses │ │
│following the description of the │ │
│document, is the official exhibit │ │
│number assigned by the court. │ │
│ ———— │ │
*374-PS │TWX Series of Orders signed by │ │
│Heydrich and Mueller, issued by │ │
│Gestapo Headquarters Berlin, 9-11 │ │
│November 1938, concerning treatment of│ │
│Jews. (USA 729) │ III │ 277
│ │ │
*388-PS │File of papers on Case Green (the plan│ │
│for the attack on Czechoslovakia), │ │
│kept by Schmundt, Hitler’s adjutant, │ │
│April-October 1938. (USA 26) │ III │ 305
│ │ │
405-PS │Law Concerning Trustees of Labor, 19 │ │
│May 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part│ │
│I, p. 285. │ III │ 387
│ │ │
615-PS │Letter from Bishop of Limburg, 13 │ │
│August 1941, concerning killings at │ │
│Hadamar Asylum. (USA 717) │ III │ 449
│ │ │
*621-PS │Letter from Dr. Lammers to Minister of│ │
│Justice, 2 October 1940, concerning │ │
│deaths of Nursing Home inmates. (USA │ │
│715) │ III │ 451
│ │ │
*647-PS │Secret Hitler Order, 17 August 1938, │ │
│concerning organization and │ │
│mobilization of SS. (USA 443) │ III │ 459
│ │ │
680-PS │Letter by Frick to heads of Agencies, │ │
│5 May 1938, proposing methods for │ │
│invalidating Concordat between Austria│ │
│and the Holy See. │ III │ 483
│ │ │
779-PS │Directive by Frick, regulating │ │
│“protective custody”, 12 April 1934. │ III │ 555
│ │ │
*1039-PS │Report concerning preparatory work │ │
│regarding problems in Eastern │ │
│Territories, 28 June 1941, found in │ │
│Rosenberg’s “Russia File”. (USA 146) │ III │ 695
│ │ │
**1060-PS │Order pursuant to law concerning │ │
│Reunion of Austria with German Reich, │ │
│16 March 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt,│ │
│part I, p. 249. (Referred to, but not │ │
│offered in evidence.) │ III │ 717
│ │ │
1249-PS │Ordinance, 1 June 1942, issued under │ │
│Decree of 4 December 1941 for │ │
│establishment of courts-martial in │ │
│annexed Eastern Territories of Upper │ │
│Silesia. │ III │ 851
│ │ │
1366-PS │Decree of 29 August 1943 on the │ │
│position, duties, and authorities of │ │
│the Reich Protector in Bohemia and │ │
│Moravia; Budget of the Reich │ │
│Protectorate for 1944. │ III │ 925
│ │ │
1388-PS │Law concerning confiscation of │ │
│Property subversive to People and │ │
│State, 14 July 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 479. │ III │ 962
│ │ │
1388-A-PS │Law against the establishment of │ │
│Parties, 14 July 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 479. │ III │ 962
│ │ │
1389-PS │Law creating Reich Labor Service, 26 │ │
│June 1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │
│part I, p. 769. │ III │ 963
│ │ │
1390-PS │Decree of the Reich President for the │ │
│Protection of the People and State, 28│ │
│February 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt,│ │
│part I, p. 83. │ III │ 968
│ │ │
1393-PS │Law on treacherous attacks against │ │
│State and Party, and for the │ │
│Protection of Party Uniforms, 20 │ │
│December 1934. 1934 Reichsgesetzblatt,│ │
│part I, p. 1269. │ III │ 973
│ │ │
*1395-PS │Law to insure the unity of Party and │ │
│State, 1 December 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1016. │ │
│(GB 252) │ III │ 978
│ │ │
1396-PS │Law concerning the confiscation of │ │
│Communist property, 26 May 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 293. │ III │ 979
│ │ │
1397-PS │Law for the reestablishment of the │ │
│Professional Civil Service, 7 April │ │
│1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │
│p. 175. │ III │ 981
│ │ │
1398-PS │Law to supplement the Law for the │ │
│restoration of the Professional Civil │ │
│Service, 20 July 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 518. │ III │ 986
│ │ │
1403-PS │Law on the granting of indemnities in │ │
│case of confiscation or transfer of │ │
│property, 9 December 1937. 1937 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1333. │ III │ 991
│ │ │
1409-PS │Order concerning utilization of Jewish│ │
│property, 3 December 1938. 1938 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1709. │ IV │ 1
│ │ │
1416-PS │Reich Citizen Law of 15 September │ │
│1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │
│p. 1146. │ IV │ 7
│ │ │
*1417-PS │First regulation to the Reichs │ │
│Citizenship Law, 14 November 1935. │ │
│1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. │ │
│1333. (GB 258) │ IV │ 8
│ │ │
1422-PS │Thirteenth regulation under Reich │ │
│Citizenship Law, 1 July 1943. 1943 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 372. │ IV │ 14
│ │ │
1437-PS │Law concerning reuniting of Austria │ │
│with German Reich, 18 March 1938. 1938│ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 262. │ IV │ 17
│ │ │
*1482-PS │Secret letter, 20 July 1935 to │ │
│provincial governments and the │ │
│Prussian Gestapo from Frick, │ │
│concerning Confessional Youth │ │
│Organizations. (USA 738) │ IV │ 51
│ │ │
*1498-PS │Order of Frick, 6 November 1934, │ │
│addressed inter alios to Prussian │ │
│Gestapo prohibiting publication of │ │
│Protestant Church announcements. (USA │ │
│739) │ IV │ 52
│ │ │
1551-PS │Decree assigning functions in Office │ │
│of Chief of German Police, 26 June │ │
│1936. 1936 Reichs Ministerialblatt, │ │
│pp. 946-948. │ IV │ 106
│ │ │
*1556-PS │Czechoslovakian report, December 1941,│ │
│naming Frick as one of the originators│ │
│of secret law authorizing the killing │ │
│of sick and aged persons. (USA 716) │ IV │ 111
│ │ │
1637-PS │Order of Himmler, 23 June 1938, │ │
│concerning acceptance of members of │ │
│Security Police into the SS. 1938 │ │
│Reichs Ministerialblatt, pp. │ │
│1089-1091. │ IV │ 138
│ │ │
1638-PS │Circular of Minister of Interior, 11 │ │
│November 1938, on cooperation of SD │ │
│and other authorities. 1938 Reichs │ │
│Ministerialblatt, p. 1906. │ IV │ 142
│ │ │
*1643-PS │Documents concerning confiscation of │ │
│land for the establishment of the │ │
│Auschwitz Extermination Camp. (USA │ │
│713) │ IV │ 155
│ │ │
1652-PS │Decree of the Reich President for │ │
│protection against treacherous attacks│ │
│on the government of the Nationalist │ │
│movement, 21 March 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 135. │ IV │ 160
│ │ │
**1654-PS │Law of 16 March 1935 reintroducing │ │
│universal military conscription. 1935 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 369. │ │
│(Referred to but not offered in │ │
│evidence.) │ IV │ 163
│ │ │
1660-PS │Decree for registration for active │ │
│service in Austria in the year 1938 of│ │
│16 June 1938. 1938 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │
│part I, p. 631. │ IV │ 171
│ │ │
1662-PS │Order eliminating Jews from German │ │
│economic life, 12 November 1938. 1938 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1580. │ IV │ 172
│ │ │
*1680-PS │“Ten Years Security Police and SD” │ │
│published in The German Police, 1 │ │
│February 1943. (USA 477) │ IV │ 191
│ │ │
1696-PS │Correspondence with Ministry of │ │
│Interior showing unexplained deaths of│ │
│insane persons. │ IV │ 199
│ │ │
*1723-PS │Order concerning cooperation of Party │ │
│offices with the Secret State Police, │ │
│25 January 1938, published in Decrees,│ │
│Regulations, Announcements, 1937, vol.│ │
│II, pp. 430-439. (USA 206) │ IV │ 219
│ │ │
1770-PS │Law concerning factory representative │ │
│councils and economic organizations, 4│ │
│April 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │
│part I, p. 161. │ IV │ 343
│ │ │
*1816-PS │Stenographic report of the meeting on │ │
│The Jewish Question, under the │ │
│Chairmanship of Fieldmarshal Goering, │ │
│12 November 1938. (USA 261) │ IV │ 425
│ │ │
*1850-PS │Conferences, 1933, calling for │ │
│financing of military training of SA │ │
│from Ministry of Interior funds. (USA │ │
│742) │ IV │ 478
│ │ │
*1852-PS │“Law” from The German Police, 1941, by│ │
│Dr. Werner Best. (USA 449) (See Chart │ │
│No. 16.) │ IV │ 490
│ │ │
1861-PS │Law on the regulation of National │ │
│labor, 20 January 1934. 1934 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 45. │ IV │ 497
│ │ │
1969-PS │Correspondence of party officials, │ │
│concerning killing of insane. │ IV │ 602
│ │ │
2000-PS │Law for protection of German blood and│ │
│German honor, 15 September 1935. 1935 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, No. 100, p.│ │
│1146. │ IV │ 636
│ │ │
2001-PS │Law to Remove the Distress of People │ │
│and State, 24 March 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 141. │ IV │ 638
│ │ │
2003-PS │Law concerning the Sovereign Head of │ │
│the German Reich, 1 August 1934. 1934 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 747. │ IV │ 639
│ │ │
2004-PS │Preliminary law for the coordination │ │
│of Federal States under the Reich, 31 │ │
│March 1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │
│part I, p. 153. │ IV │ 640
│ │ │
2005-PS │Second law integrating the “Laender” │ │
│with the Reich, 7 April 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 173. │ IV │ 641
│ │ │
2008-PS │German Communal Ordinance, 30 January │ │
│1935. 1935 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │
│p. 49. │ IV │ 643
│ │ │
*2018-PS │Fuehrer’s decree establishing a │ │
│Ministerial Council for Reich Defense,│ │
│30 August 1939. 1939 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1539. │ │
│(GB 250) │ IV │ 650
│ │ │
2058-PS │Decree for the securing of the State │ │
│Leadership, 7 July 1933. 1933 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 462. │ IV │ 699
│ │ │
2073-PS │Decree concerning the appointment of a│ │
│Chief of German Police in the Ministry│ │
│of the Interior, 17 June 1936. 1936 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 487. │ IV │ 703
│ │ │
2108-PS │Decree for execution of Law on Secret │ │
│State Police of 10 February 1936. 1936│ │
│Preussische Gesetzsammlung, pp. 22-24.│ IV │ 732
│ │ │
2118-PS │Police decree on identification of │ │
│Jews, 1 September 1941. 1941 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 547. │ IV │ 750
│ │ │
2119-PS │Decree of the Fuehrer and Reich │ │
│Chancellor concerning the Protectorate│ │
│of Bohemia and Moravia, 16 March 1939.│ IV │ 751
│ │ │
2124-PS │Decree introducing the Nurnberg Racial│ │
│Laws into Austria, 20 May 1938. 1938 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 594. (GB│ │
│259) │ IV │ 755
│ │ │
*2194-PS │Top secret letter from Ministry for │ │
│Economy and Labor, Saxony, to Reich │ │
│Protector in Bohemia and Moravia, │ │
│enclosing copy of 1938 Secret Defense │ │
│Law of 4 September 1938. (USA 36) │ IV │ 843
│ │ │
2245-PS │Frick decree of 20 September 1936 │ │
│concerning employment of Security │ │
│Police Inspectors. 1936 Reichs │ │
│Ministerialblatt, pp. 1343-1344. │ IV │ 928
│ │ │
*2307-PS │Law concerning reunion of Austria with│ │
│German Reich, 13 March 1938. 1938 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 237. (GB│ │
│133) │ IV │ 997
│ │ │
*2380-PS │Articles from National Socialist │ │
│Yearbook, 1935. (USA 396) │ V │ 6
│ │ │
*2381-PS │Extracts from The Greater German Diet,│ │
│1943. (USA 476) │ V │ 7
│ │ │
*2385-PS │Affidavit of George S. Messersmith, 30│ │
│August 1945. (USA 68) │ V │ 23
│ │ │
2403-PS │The End of the Party State, from │ │
│Documents of German Politics, vol. I, │ │
│pp. 55-56. │ V │ 71
│ │ │
*2513-PS │Extract from The National Socialist │ │
│Workers’ Party as an Association │ │
│Hostile to State and to Republican │ │
│Form of Government and Guilty of │ │
│Treasonable Activity. (USA 235) │ V │ 252
│ │ │
*2608-PS │Frick’s lecture, 7 March 1940, on “The│ │
│Administration in Wartime”. (USA 714) │ V │ 327
│ │ │
2742-PS │Passage written by Frick in National │ │
│Socialist Yearbook, 1927, p. 124. │ V │ 383
│ │ │
2917-PS │Decree concerning German people’s list│ │
│and German nationality in the │ │
│incorporated Eastern Territories of 4 │ │
│March 1941. 1941 Reichsgesetzblatt, │ │
│part I, p. 118. │ V │ 587
│ │ │
*2978-PS │Frick’s statement of offices and │ │
│positions, 14 November 1945. (USA 8) │ V │ 683
│ │ │
*2986-PS │Affidavit of the defendant, Wilhelm │ │
│Frick, 19 November 1945. (USA 409) │ V │ 688
│ │ │
3043-PS │Affidavit of Frick, November 1945. │ V │ 755
│ │ │
*3051-PS │Three teletype orders from Heydrich to│ │
│all stations of State Police, 10 │ │
│November 1938, on measures against │ │
│Jews, and one order from Heydrich on │ │
│termination of protest actions. (USA │ │
│240) │ V │ 797
│ │ │
*3058-PS │Letter from Heydrich to Goering, 11 │ │
│November 1938, reporting action │ │
│against the Jews. (USA 508) │ V │ 854
│ │ │
3067-PS │Law for the prevention of offspring │ │
│with Hereditary diseases, 14 July │ │
│1933. 1933 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │
│p. 529. │ V │ 880
│ │ │
3075-PS │Law for the building up of │ │
│administration in Ostmark, 14 April │ │
│1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │
│p. 777. │ V │ 884
│ │ │
3076-PS │Law for building up of administrations│ │
│in Reich Gau Sudetenland, 14 April │ │
│1939. 1939 Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, │ │
│p. 780. │ V │ 889
│ │ │
3077-PS │Law regarding reunion of Free City of │ │
│Danzig with German Reich of 1 │ │
│September 1939. 1939 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 1547. │ V │ 891
│ │ │
3085-PS │Himmler’s ordinance of 3 July 1943 │ │
│charging Gestapo with execution of │ │
│Thirteenth Ordinance under Reich │ │
│Citizen Law. 1943 Ministerial Gazette │ │
│of Reich and Prussian Ministry of │ │
│Interior, p. 1085. │ V │ 892
│ │ │
3086-PS │Appointment of Frick as Reich │ │
│Protector, published in The Archives, │ │
│August 1943, p. 347. │ V │ 893
│ │ │
*3119-PS │Extract from Dr. Wilhelm Frick and His│ │
│Ministry. (USA 711) │ V │ 893
│ │ │
3123-PS │Extracts from Manual for │ │
│Administrative Officials, 1943. │ V │ 900
│ │ │
*3124-PS │Extracts from Rudolf Hess—Speeches. │ │
│(GB 253) │ V │ 902
│ │ │
3125-PS │Extract of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler,│ │
│39th edition, 1933, p. 403. │ V │ 904
│ │ │
3127-PS │Announcement of 60th anniversary of │ │
│Dr. Frick in National Socialist │ │
│Monthly, 1937, p. 346. │ V │ 905
│ │ │
3128-PS │Extracts from Our Reich Cabinet, 1936.│ V │ 905
│ │ │
3131-PS │Extract from Racial Eugenics in the │ │
│Reich Legislation, 1943, p. 14. │ V │ 906
│ │ │
3132-PS │Extracts from Dates of the History of │ │
│the NSDAP, 1939. │ V │ 906
│ │ │
3225-PS │Extract from 1942 Reorganization of │ │
│Law and Economy. │ V │ 936
│ │ │
*3249-PS │Affidavit of Dr. Franz Blaha, 24 │ │
│November 1945. (USA 663) │ V │ 949
│ │ │
*3258-PS │Extracts from National Socialism Basic│ │
│Principles, Their Application by the │ │
│Nazi Party’s Foreign Organization, and│ │
│the Use of Germans Abroad for Nazi │ │
│Aims, by U. S. Government Printing │ │
│Office, Washington, 1943. (GB 262) │ V │ 997
│ │ │
3303-PS │Extract from Handbook of the German │ │
│Reich, 1936. │ V │ 1099
│ │ │
3304-PS │Second Order for execution of decree │ │
│of Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor │ │
│concerning formation and │ │
│administration of Eastern Territories,│ │
│2 November 1939. 1939 │ │
│Reichsgesetzblatt, part I, p. 2133. │ V │ 1100
│ │ │
3399-PS │Affidavit of R. M. W. Kempner, 11 │ │
│December 1945. │ VI │ 116
│ │ │
3443-PS │Supplement No. 5 to official │ │
│Czechoslovak report, containing an │ │
│official memorandum on activities of │ │
│defendant Wilhelm Frick. │ VI │ 151
│ │ │
*3475-PS │Manual for Administrative Officials, │ │
│1943. (USA 710) │ VI │ 200
│ │ │
*3564-PS │Affidavit of Otto L. Meissner, 27 │ │
│December 1945, concerning Frick. (USA │ │
│709) │ VI │ 253
│ │ │
3565-PS │Affidavit of Franz Ritter von Epp, 27 │ │
│December 1945, concerning Frick. │ VI │ 253
│ │ │
3570-PS │Interrogation testimony of Wilhelm │ │
│Stuckart, former State Secretary of │ │
│Interior, at Oberursel, 21 September │ │
│1945. │ VI │ 263
│ │ │
*3589-PS │Supplement No. 6 to Official │ │
│Czechoslovak Report called “German │ │
│Crimes against Czechoslovakia”, 7 │ │
│January 1946. (USA 720) │ VI │ 287
│ │ │
*3592-PS │Charges, specifications, findings and │ │
│sentence of Alfons Klein and others │ │
│tried at Wiesbaden, Hadamar Case. (USA│ │
│718) │ VI │ 296
│ │ │
*3593-PS │Interrogation of Hermann Goering, 13 │ │
│October 1945. (USA 712) │ VI │ 298
│ │ │
*3601-PS │Affidavit of Sidney Mendel, 28 │ │
│December 1945, concerning the │ │
│connection of Frick’s Ministry of │ │
│Interior with concentration camps. (GB│ │
│324) │ VI │ 313
│ │ │
D-43 │Official circular, 26 March 1936, │ │
│concerning Reichstag elections on 29 │ │
│March 1936. │ VI │ 1024
│ │ │
D-44 │Circular, 25 July 1933, referring to │ │
│publications of SA activities. (USA │ │
│428) │ VI │ 1024
│ │ │
*D-181 │Circular from Gauleiter of South │ │
│Westphalia, 21 January 1937, │ │
│concerning Hereditary Health Law. (GB │ │
│528) │ VI │ 1073
│ │ │
L-82 │Decrees of 26 April 1933, 30 November │ │
│1933, 10 February 1936, on the │ │
│organization of the Gestapo from 1933 │ │
│Preussische Gesetzsammlung, p. 122. │ VII │ 855
│ │ │
*L-83 │Affidavit of Gerhart H. Seger, 21 July│ │
│1945. (USA 234) │ VII │ 859
│ │ │
L-302 │Dr. Werner Spehr: The Law of │ │
│Protective Custody, Berlin, 1937, p. │ │
│11-13. │ VII │ 1100
│ │ │
L-305 │Correspondence concerning compulsory │ │
│sterilization on orders of Ministry of│ │
│Interior of all descendants of colored│ │
│occupation troops. │ VII │ 1102
│ │ │
*R-96 │Correspondence of Minister of Justice │ │
│in preparation of the discriminatory │ │
│decree of 4 December 1941 regarding │ │
│criminal justice against Poles and │ │
│Jews in annexed Eastern Territories. │ │
│(GB 268) │ VIII │ 72
│ │ │
*R-101-A │Letter from Chief of the Security │ │
│Police and Security Service to the │ │
│Reich Commissioner for the │ │
│Consolidation of German Folkdom, 5 │ │
│April 1940, with enclosures concerning│ │
│confiscation of church property. (USA │ │
│358) │ VIII │ 87
│ │ │
R-101-B │Letter from Himmler to Dr. Winkler, 31│ │
│October 1940, concerning treatment of │ │
│church property in incorporated │ │
│Eastern countries. │ VIII │ 89
│ │ │
R-101-C │Letter to Reich Leader SS, 30 July │ │
│1941, concerning treatment of church │ │
│property in incorporated Eastern │ │
│areas. (USA 358) │ VIII │ 91
│ │ │
*R-101-D │Letter from Chief of Staff of the │ │
│Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) to │ │
│Reich Leader SS, 30 March 1942, │ │
│concerning confiscation of church │ │
│property. (USA 358) │ VIII │ 92
│ │ │
*Chart No. 1 │National Socialist German Workers’ │ │
│Party. (2903-PS; USA 2) │ VIII │ 770
│ │ │
*Chart No. 16 │The Structure of the German Police. │
│(1852-PS; USA 449) │ End of VIII

10. JULIUS STREICHER

Through his words and his deeds Julius Streicher assumed for himself the unofficial title of “Jew-baiter Number One” of Nazi Germany. For the course of some twenty-five years, Streicher educated the German people in hatred and incited them to the persecution and to the extermination of the Jewish race. He was an accessory to murder, on a scale perhaps never attained before.

A. _STREICHER’S CAREER AND POSITIONS._

Streicher was born in 1885. He became a school teacher in Nurnberg and formed a party of his own, which he called the German Socialist Party. The chief policy of that party was anti-semitism. In 1922 he handed over his party to Hitler, who wrote a glowing account of Streicher’s generosity in _Mein Kampf_ (_M-3_).

The appointments which Streicher held in the Party and state were few. From 1921 until 1945, he was a member of the Nazi Party. In 1925 he was appointed Gauleiter of Franconia, and he remained as such until about February 1940. From the time that the Nazi government came into power in 1933 until 1945 he was a member of the Reichstag. In addition to that, he held the title of Obergruppenfuehrer in the SA (_2975-PS_).

The propaganda which Streicher carried out throughout those years was chiefly done through the medium of his newspapers. He was the editor and publisher of “_Der Stuermer_” from 1922 until 1933, and thereafter the publisher and owner of the paper. In 1933 he also founded and thereafter published a daily newspaper called the “_Fraenkische Tageszeitung_.”

In addition, in later years he published several other papers, mostly local journals, from Nurnberg.

B. _STREICHER’S PART IN THE REMOVAL OF OPPOSITION THROUGH ANTI-JEWISH
PROPAGANDA AND INCITEMENT._

The course of Streicher’s incitement and propaganda may be traced more or less in chronological order by referring to short extracts from “_Der Stuermer_.” The extracts which follow were selected at random. They were selected with a view to showing the various methods which Streicher employed to incite the German people against the Jewish race, but his newspapers are crowded with them, week after week, day after day. It is impossible to pick up any copy without finding the same kind of invective and incitement in the headlines and in the articles.

In a speech which Streicher made in 1922 in Nurnberg, after abusing the Jews in the first paragraph, he went on to say:

“We know that Germany will be free when the Jew has been
excluded from the life of the German people.” (_M-11_).

In a speech in 1924 he stated:

“I beg you and particularly those of you who carry the cross
throughout the land to become somewhat more serious when I speak
of the enemy of the German people, namely, the Jew. Not out of
irresponsibility or for fun do I fight against the Jewish enemy,
but because I bear within me the knowledge that the whole
misfortune was brought to Germany by the Jews alone.

“I ask you once more, what is at stake today? The Jew seeks
domination not only among the German people but among all
peoples. The communists pave the way for him. Do you not know
that the God of the Old Testament orders the Jews to consume and
enslave the peoples of the earth?

“The government allows the Jew to do as he pleases. The people
expect action to be taken. You may think about Adolf Hitler as
you please, but one thing you must admit. He possessed the
courage to attempt to free the German people from the Jew by a
national revolution. That was action indeed.” (_M-12_).

In a speech in April 1925 Streicher declared:

“You must realize that the Jew wants our people to perish. That
is why you must join us and leave those who have brought you
nothing but war, inflation, and discord. For thousands of years
the Jew has been destroying the nations. Let us make a new
beginning today so that we can annihilate the Jews.” (_M-13_).

This appears to be the earliest expression of one of the conspirators’ primary objectives—the annihilation of the Jewish race. Fourteen years later it became the official policy of the Nazi Government.

In April 1932 Streicher made the following statement:

“For 13 years I have fought against Jewry.”

* * * * * *

“We know that the Jew whether he is baptized as a Protestant or
as a Catholic, remains a Jew. Why cannot you realize, you
Protestant clergymen, you Catholic priests, you who have scales
before your eyes and serve the god of the Jews who is not the
God of Love but the God of Hate. Why do you not listen to
Christ, who said to the Jews, ‘You are children of the devil’.”
(_M-14_).

(1) _The Anti-Jewish Boycott of 1933._

When the Nazi Party came to power, they officially started their campaign against the Jews by the boycott of 1 April 1933. The boycott was agreed on and approved by the whole government, as appears from Goebbels’ diary (_2409-PS_).

Streicher was appointed the chairman of the central committee for the organization of that boycott. He started his work on Wednesday, 29 March (_2156-PS_).

On that same day the central committee issued a proclamation announcing that the boycott would start on Saturday at 10:00 AM sharp:

“Jewry will realize whom it has challenged.” (_M-7_).

On 30 March, two days before the boycott was due to start, an article was published under the title, “Defeat the Enemy of the World!—by Julius Streicher, official leader of the central committee to combat the Jewish atrocity and boycott campaign” (_2153-PS_). The article stated, in part:

“Jewry wanted this battle. It shall have it until it realizes
that the Germany of the brown battalions is not a country of
cowardice and surrender. Jewry will have to fight until we have
won victory.

“National Socialists! Defeat the enemy of the world. Even if the
world is full of devils, we shall succeed in the end.”
(_2153-PS_).

As head of the central committee for that boycott, Streicher outlined in detail the organization of the boycott in orders which the committee published on 31 March 1933 (_2154-PS_). The committee stressed that no violence should be employed against the Jews during the boycott, but not for humanitarian reasons. The order was issued because, if no violence were employed, Jewish employers would have no grounds for discharging their employees without notice, and for refusing to pay them any wages. The Jews were also reported, apparently, to be transferring businesses to German figureheads in order to alleviate the results of this persecution; accordingly the committee declared that any property so transferred was to be considered as Jewish for the purpose of the boycott (_2154-PS_).

It is therefore clear that early in 1933 Streicher was taking a leading part, as appointed by the Government, in the persecution against the Jews.

Further extracts from Streicher’s newspapers illustrate the form which his propaganda developed as the years went on. An article in the New Year’s issue of a new paper founded and edited by Streicher—a semimedical paper called “The People’s Health Through Blood and Soil”—is an example of the remarkable lengths to which he went in propagandizing against the Jews:

“It is established for all eternity; alien albumen is the sperm
of a man of alien race. The male sperm in cohabitation is
partially or completely absorbed by the female, and thus enters
her bloodstream. One single cohabitation of a Jew with an Aryan
woman is sufficient to poison her blood forever. Together with
the alien albumen she has absorbed the alien soul. Never again
will she be able to bear purely Aryan children, even when
married to an Aryan. They will all be bastards, with a dual soul
and a body of a mixed breed. Their children will also be
crossbreeds; that means, ugly people of unsteady character and
with a tendency to illnesses. Now we know why the Jew uses every
artifice of seduction in order to ravish German girls at as
early an age as possible; why the Jewish doctor rapes his
patients while they were under anaesthetic. He wants the German
girl and the German woman to absorb the alien sperm of the Jew.
She is never again to bear German children. But the blood
products of all animals right down to the bacteria like the
serum, lymph, extracts from internal organs etc., are all alien
albumen. They have a poisonous effect if directly introduced
into the blood stream either by vaccination or by injection. By
these products of sick animals the blood is ravished, the Aryan
is impregnated with an alien species. The author and abettor of
such action is the Jew. He has been aware of the secrets of the
race question for centuries, and therefore plans systematically
the annihilation of the nations which are superior to him.
Science and authorities are his instruments for the enforcing of
pseudo-science and the concealment of truth.” (_M-20_).

At the beginning of 1935, the following extract, entitled “The Chosen People of the Criminals,” appeared in “_Der Stuermer_”:

“* * * and all the same, or, let us say, just because of this,
the history book of the Jews, which is usually called the Holy
Scriptures, impresses us as a horrible criminal romance, which
makes the 150 penny-dreadfuls of the British Jew, Edgar Wallace,
go green with envy. This ‘holy’ book abounds in murder, incest,
fraud, theft, and indecency.” (_2697-PS_).

In a speech on 4 October 1935 (the month following the proclamation of the Nurnberg Decrees) Streicher made a speech which is reported in the _Voelkischer Beobachter_ and is entitled in that newspaper “Safeguard of German Blood and German Honor.” The report in that article reads in part:

“Gauleiter Streicher speaks at a German Labor Front mass
demonstration for the Nurnberg laws.”

* * * * * *

“We have therefore, to unmask the Jew, and that is what I have
been doing for the past fifteen years.” (_M-34_).

In a leading article in “_Der Stuermer_” Streicher again emphasized the part which he himself had taken in this campaign:

“_The ‘Stuermer_’s’ 15 years of work of enlightenment has
already led an army of those who know—millions strong—to
National Socialism. The continued work of the ‘_Stuermer_’ will
help to ensure that every German down to the last man will, with
heart and hand, join the ranks of those whose aim it is to crush
the head of the serpent Pan-Juda beneath their heels. He who
helps to bring this about helps to eliminate the devil, and this
devil is the Jew.” (_M-6_).

The extraordinary length to which Streicher went in his propaganda is illustrated by the publication in “_Der Stuermer_” of a photograph of the burning hull of the airship “Hindenburg,” which caught fire in June 1937 in America. The caption beneath the picture includes the comment:

“The first radio picture from the United States of America shows
quite clearly that a Jew stands behind the explosion of our
airship Hindenburg. Nature has depicted clearly and quite
correctly that devil in human guise.”

Although it is not clear from that photograph, the meaning of that comment is apparently that the cloud of smoke in the air is in the shape of a Jewish face.

In a speech in September 1937 at the opening of the Wilhelm Gustloff bridge in Nurnberg, Streicher declared:

“The man who murdered Wilhelm Gustloff had to come from the
Jewish people, because the Jewish text books teach that every
Jew has the right to kill a non-Jew, and, indeed, that it is
pleasing to the Jewish God to kill as many non-Jews as possible.

“Look at the way the Jewish people have been following for
thousands of years past; everywhere murder, everywhere mass
murder. Neither must we forget that behind present-day wars
there stands the Jewish financier who pursues his aims and
interests. The Jew always lives on the blood of other nations;
he needs such murder and such victims. For us who know, the
murder of Wilhelm Gustloff is the same as ritual murder.”

* * * * * *

“It is our duty to tell the children at school and the bigger
ones what this memorial means.”

* * * * * *

“The Jew no longer shows himself among us openly as he used to.
But it would be wrong to say that victory is ours. Full and
final victory will have been achieved only when the whole world
has been rid of Jews.” (_M-4_).

Extracts from the correspondence columns of “_Der Stuermer_,” show another method which Streicher employed in his propaganda (_M-26_; _M-27_; _M-28_). The correspondence columns of every issue are full of purported “letters” from Germans protesting that some German has been buying shoes from a Jewish shop, etc., thus by printing these letters assisting in the general boycott of the Jews.

(2) _“Ritual Murder” Propaganda._

Another form of propaganda employed by Streicher concerned the “Ritual Murder.” Sometime in 1934 “_Der Stuermer_” began publishing accounts of Jewish ritual murder which horrified the whole world to such an extent that even the Archbishop of Canterbury, together with people from every country in the world, protested that any government should allow such matter to be published in their national newspapers.

Streicher based his ritual murder propaganda on a medieval belief that during their Eastertide celebrations the Jews were in the habit of murdering Christian children. Streicher misrepresented this medieval belief to make it appear that not only was this done in the Middle Ages, but that the Jews are still doing it and still want to do it. A few passages from “_Der Stuermer_” together with descriptions of photographs published therein will illustrate the type of propaganda that Streicher was putting out concerning “ritual murder”:

“This the French front-line soldier should take with him to
France: The German people have taken a new lease of life. They
want peace, but if anyone tries to attack them, if anyone tries
to torture them again, if anyone tries to push them back into
the past, then the world would see another heroic epic; then
heaven will decide where righteousness lies—here, or where the
Jew has the whiphand and where he instigates massacres, one
could almost say the biggest ritual murders of all times. If the
German people are to be slaughtered according to the Jewish
rites, the whole world will be thus slaughtered at the same
time.”

* * * * * *

“As you have drummed morning and evening prayers into your
children’s heads, so now drum this into their heads, so that the
German people may gain the spiritual power to convince the rest
of the world which the Jews desire to lead against us.” (_M-2_).

A photograph published in “_Der Stuermer_” in April 1937 purports to show three Jews ritually murdering a girl by cutting her throat, with the blood pouring out into a bucket on the ground. The caption underneath that photograph is as follows:

“Ritual murder at Polna. Ritual murder of Agnes Hruza by the
Jews Hilsner, Erdmann[_sic_], and Wassermann, taken from a
contemporary postcard.”

Another article in “_Der Stuermer_”, in April 1937, describes what is alleged to happen when ritual murder takes place, and the blood is mixed with the bread and drunk by the Jews in their feast. During the feast the head of the family is supposed to explain:

“May all gentiles perish—as the child whose blood is contained
in the bread and wine.” (_2699-PS_).

An article in “_Der Stuermer_” for July 1938 has these further remarks to make on “ritual murder”:

“Whoever had the occasion to be an eye-witness during the
slaughtering of animals or to see at least a truthful film on
the slaughtering will never forget this horrible experience. It
is atrocious. And unwillingly, he is reminded of the crimes
which the Jews have committed for centuries on men. He will be
reminded of the ritual murder. History points out hundreds of
cases in which non-Jewish children were tortured to death. They
also were given the same incision through the throat as is found
on slaughtered animals. They also were slowly bled to death
while fully conscious.” (_2700-PS_).

On special occasions, or when Streicher had some particular subject matter to put before Germany, he was in the habit of issuing special editions of “_Der Stuermer_.” “Ritual murder” was such a special subject that he issued one of these special editions dealing solely with it, in May 1939. One of the photographs published in this issue shows a child having knives stuck into its side, from which blood is spurting; and below the pedestal on which the child stands are five presumably dead children bleeding on the ground. The caption beneath that picture reads as follows:

“In the year 1476 the Jews in Regensburg murdered six boys. They
drew their blood and tortured them to death in an underground
vault which belongs to the Jew Josfel. The judges found the body
of the murdered boys; and blood stains are on an altar.”

Two other pictures are explained by their captions. One reads:

“For the Jewish New Year celebrations in 1913, World Jewry
published this picture. On the Jewish New Year and on the Day of
Atonement the Jews slaughtered a so-called ‘kapores’ cock; that
is to say, dead cock, whose blood and death is intended to
purify the Jews. In 1913 the ‘kapores’ cock had the head of the
Russian Czar Nicholas II. By publishing this postcard the Jews
intended to say that Nicholas II would be their next purifying
sacrifice. On the 6th of July 1918, the Czar was murdered by the
Jews Jurowsky and Goloschtschekin.”

The other picture shows the Jews holding a similar bird:

“* * * the ‘kapores’ cock which has the head of the Fuehrer. The
Hebrew script says that one day Jews will kill all Hitlerites.
Then the Jews will be delivered from all misfortunes, but in due
course the Jews will realize that they have reckoned without an
Adolf Hitler.”

In addition to reproductions of a number of previous articles on “ritual murder” beneath a picture of Streicher, another picture bears the caption:

“At the Passover Meal. The wine and Matzoh, unleavened bread,
contains non-Jewish blood. The Jew prays before the meal. He
prays for death to all non-Jews.”

The fifth page of this same issue reproduces some of the European and American newspaper articles and letters protesting against this propaganda on “ritual murder.” Among these is the “_Stuermer_’s” answer to the letter from the Archbishop of Canterbury, written to the editor of the London _Times_ in protest (_M-10_).

Page 6 contains another picture of a man having his throat cut; again the usual spurt of blood falling into a basin on the floor, with the following caption:

“The ritual murder of the boy Heinrich. In the year 1345 the
Jews in Munich slaughtered a non-Jewish boy. The martyr was
declared holy by the church.”

On page 8 appears another picture entitled:

“The Holy Gabriel. This boy was crucified and tortured to death
by the Jews in the year 1690. The blood was drawn off him.”

Page 11 reproduces a piece of sculpture on the wall of the Wallfahrts Chapel, representing the ritual murder of a boy named Werner. The picture shows the boy strung up by his feet and being murdered by two Jews. Page 12 reproduces another picture taken from the same place. The caption is:

“The embalmed body of Trient who was tortured to death by the
Jews.”

Page 13 contains another picture; somebody else having a knife stuck into him; more blood coming out into a basin. On page 14 are two pictures. One is said to show the ritual murder of the boy Andreas. The other is the picture of a tombstone, and the caption reads as follows:

“The tombstone of Hilsner. This is the memorial to a Jewish
ritual murderer, Leopold Hilsner. He was found guilty of two
ritual murders and was condemned to death by hanging in two
trials. The emperor was bribed and pardoned him. Masaryk, the
friend of the Jews, liberated him from penal servitude in 1918.
On his tombstone lying Jewry calls this twofold murderer an
innocent victim.”

The next page produces yet another picture of a woman being murdered by having her throat cut in the same way. Page 17 produces a picture of the Archbishop of Canterbury together with a picture of an old Jewish man, with a caption reading:

“Dr. Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the highest dignitary
of the English Church, and his allies, a typical example of the
Jewish Race.”

The last page contains a picture of “Holy Simon, who was tortured to death.”

This issue of “_Der Stuermer_” is nothing but an incitement to the people of Germany who read it, an incitement to murder. It is filled with pictures of murder, murder alleged to be against the German people. It is an encouragement, to all who read it to avenge themselves in the same way.

In January 1938 the persecution of the Jews became more and more severe—another special issue of “_Der Stuermer_” was published. A passage from the leading article in that issue written by Streicher, states:

“* * * The supreme aim and highest task of the state is
therefore to conserve people, blood, and race. But if this is
the supreme task, any crime against this law must be punished
with the supreme penalty. ‘_Der Stuermer_’ takes therefore the
view that there are only two punishments for the crime of
polluting the race:

“1. Penal servitude for life for attempted race pollution.

“2. Death for committing race pollution.” (_M-39_).

The following are some of the headlines on the articles contained in that edition:

“Jewish race polluters at work.”

* * * * * *

“Fifteen year old non-Jewess ravaged.”

* * * * * *

“A dangerous race polluter. He regards German women as fair game
for himself.”

* * * * * *

“The Jewish sanatorium. A Jewish institution for the cultivation
of race pollution.”

* * * * * *

“Rape of a feeble-minded girl.”

* * * * * *

“The Jewish butler. He steals from his Jewish masters and
commits race pollution.” (_M-40_).

Another article appearing in “_Der Stuermer_,” written by Streicher’s editor, Karl Holz, states:

“The revenge will break loose one day and will exterminate Jewry
from the surface of the earth.” (_M-35_).

Again, in September 1938, “_Der Stuermer_” published an article describing the Jews as follows:

“A parasite, an enemy, an evil-doer, a disseminator of diseases
who must be destroyed in the interest of mankind.” (_M-36_).

This is no longer propaganda for the persecution of the Jews; this is propaganda for the extermination of Jews, and for the murder not of one Jew but of all Jews (see _2698-PS_).

A picture published in “_Der Stuermer_” in December 1938 shows a girl being strangled by a man whose hands are around her neck. The shadow of the man’s face, which is shown against the background, has quite obvious Jewish features. The caption under that picture is as follows:

“Castration for Race Polluters. Only heavy penalties will
preserve our womenfolk from a tighter grip from ghastly Jewish
claws. The Jews are our misfortune.”

(3) _The Anti-Jewish demonstrations of November 1938._

While his anti-Jewish propaganda was becoming constantly fiercer, Streicher took a leading part in the organized demonstrations against the Jews which took place on 9 and 10 November 1938. In the autumn of that year, on the occasion of a meeting of press representatives in Nurnberg, Streicher organized the breaking-up of the Nurnberg synagogues. It was announced that Streicher personally would set the crane in motion with which the Jewish symbols would be torn down from the synagogues (_1724-PS_). The event was described as follows:

“* * * the synagogue is being demolished! Julius Streicher
himself inaugurates the work by a speech lasting more than an
hour and a half. By his order—so to speak as a prelude of the
demolition—the tremendous Star of David came off the cupola.”
(_2711-PS_).

Streicher took active part in the November demonstrations of that year, particularly in his _Gau_ of Franconia. The Nurnberg demonstrations were reported as follows in the “_Fraenkische Tageszeitung_,” which was Streicher’s paper, on 11 November:

“* * * In Nurnberg and Furth it resulted in demonstrations by
the crowd against the Jewish murders. These lasted until the
early hours of the morning. Far too long had one watched the
activities of the Jews in Germany.”

* * * * * *

“After midnight the excitement of the populace reached its peak
and a large crowd marched to the synagogues in Nurnberg and
Furth and burned these two Jewish buildings, where the murder of
Germans had been preached.

“The fire-brigades, which had been notified immediately, saw to
it that the fire was continued[_sic_] to the original outbreak.
The windows of the Jewish shopkeepers, who still had not given
up hope of selling their junk to the stupid Goims, were smashed.
Thanks to the disciplined behavior of the SA men and the police,
who had rushed to the scene, there was no plundering.” (_M-42_).

On 10 November, the day of the demonstrations, Streicher made a speech stating in part as follows:

“From the cradle, the Jew is not being taught, like we are, such
texts as, ‘Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself,’ or ‘If you
are smitten on the left cheek, offer then your right one.’ No,
he is told: ‘With the non-Jew you can do whatever you like.’ He
is even taught that the slaughtering of a non-Jew is an act
pleasing to God. For 20 years we have been writing about this in
‘_Der Stuermer_’; for 20 years we have been preaching it
throughout the world and we have made millions recognize the
truth.”

* * * * * *

“The Jew slaughtered in one night 75,000 people; when he
emigrated to Egypt he killed all the first-born, i.e. a whole
future generation of Egyptians. What would have happened if the
Jew had succeeded in driving the nations into war against us,
and if we had lost the war? The Jew protected by foreign
bayonets, would have fallen on us and would have slaughtered and
murdered us. Never forget what history has taught us.” (_M-41_)

After the November 1938 demonstrations, irregularities occurred in the Gau of Franconia in connection with the organized Aryanization of Jewish property. Aryanization of Jewish property was regulated by the Nazi State, which had decreed that the proceeds of the transfer of Jewish properties to Aryans were to go to the State. In Streicher’s _Gau_ of Franconia, however, a good deal of the proceeds never found their way as far as the State. As a result Goering set up a commission to investigate what had taken place. The report of that commission (_1757-PS_) describes what had been taking place in Streicher’s _Gau_:

“* * * Following upon the November demonstrations the Deputy
Gauleiter, Holz, took up the Jewish questions. His reasons can
be given here in detail on the basis of his statement of the
25th of March, 1939:

“The 9th and 10th of November 1938.

“In the night of the 9th and 10th November and on the 10th of
November 1938, events took place throughout Germany which I
[Holz] considered to be the signal for a completely different
treatment of the Jewish question in Germany. Synagogues and
Jewish schools were burnt down and Jewish property was smashed
both in shops and in private houses. Besides this, a large
number of particular Jews were taken to concentration camps by
the police. Toward midday we discussed these events in the
Gauleiter’s house. All of us were of the opinion that we now
faced a completely new state of affairs on the Jewish question.
By the great action against the Jews, carried out in the night
and morning of the 10th of November, all guiding principles and
all laws on the subject had been made illusory. We were of the
opinion (particularly myself) that we should now act on our own
initiative in this respect. I proposed to the Gauleiter that in
view of the great existing lack of housing, the best thing would
be to put the Jews into a kind of internment camp. Then the
houses would become free in a twinkling, and the housing
shortage would be relieved, at least in part. Besides that, we
would have the Jews under control and supervision. I added ‘The
same thing happened to our prisoners of war and war internees.’
The Gauleiter said that this suggestion was for the time being
impossible to carry out. Thereupon I made a new proposal to him.
I said that I considered it unthinkable that, after the Jews had
had their property smashed, they should continue to be able to
own houses and land. I proposed that these houses and this land
ought to be taken away from them, and declared myself ready to
carry through such an action. I declared that by the
Aryanization of Jewish land and houses a large sum could accrue
to the Gau out of the proceeds. I named some million of marks. I
stated that, in my opinion, this Aryanization could be carried
out as legally as the Aryanization of shops. The Gauleiter’s
answer was something to this effect: ‘If you think you can carry
this out, do so. The sum gained will then be used to build a Gau
school.’”

* * * * * *

“The Aryanization was accomplished by the alienation of
properties, the surrender of claims, especially mortgage claims,
and reductions in buying price.

“The payment allowed the Jews was basically 10% of the nominal
value or nominal sum of the claim. As a justification for these
low prices, Holz claimed at the Berlin meeting of the 6th of
February 1939, that the Jews had mostly bought their property
during the inflation period for a tenth of its value. As has
been shown by investigating a large number of individual cases
selected at random, this claim is not true.” (_1757-PS_)

The second part of this report, which contains the findings of the commission, reads in part as follows:

“* * * Gauleiter Streicher likes to beat people with a riding
whip but only if he is in the company of several persons
assisting him. Usually the beatings are carried out with
sadistic brutality.

“The best known case is that of Steinruck, whom he beat bloodily
in the prison cell, together with Deputy Gauleiter Holz and SA
Brigadier General Koenig. After returning from this scene to the
_Deutscher Hof_ he said: ‘Now I am relieved. I needed that
again!’ Later he also stated several times that he needed
another Steinruck case in order to ‘relieve’ himself.

“In August 1938, he beat Editor Burker at the District House
together with District Office Leader Schoeller and his Adjutant
Koenig.

“On the 2nd of December 1938 he asked to have three youthful
criminals (15 to 17 years old) who had been arrested for robbery
brought to the room of the director of the Criminal Police
Office in Nurnberg-Furth. Streicher, who was accompanied by his
son, Lothar, had the youths brought in singly and question them
about their sex life and in particular, through clear and
detailed questioning, he laid stress on determining whether and
since when they masturbated. * * *

“* * * The last one of these three boys he beat with his riding
whip, with blows on the head and on the rest of the body.”
(_1757-PS_)

A later passage shows the authority and power which Streicher held in his Gau: