Chapter XI: Part 11

=Guines, Modiste.= =Ch= Recollet, 115.

=Guise, Captain.= =D= His voyage to North-West Coast for sea-otter, 22.

=Gunn, Donald= (1797-1878). Born in Falkirk, Scotland. Entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1813. Left the service, 1823, but continued to reside in the Red River Settlement. Appointed one of the judges of the Court of Petty Sessions, and for a time president of the Court. Appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Manitoba, 1870. =Bib.=: Begg, _History of the North-West_.

=Gurnett, George.= =Mc= Brought to the bar, 152; editor of the _Courier_, 165; style of, 165.

=Guyard, Marie.= _See_ Marie de l'Incarnation.

=Guyon, Jean.= =Ch= Mason, accompanies Robert Giffard to Canada, 252.

=Guyon, Jean.= =L= Canadian priest, accompanies Laval to France, 199; death of, 219.

=Gwillim, Elizabeth Posthuma.= =S= Married to Simcoe, 40; descent and characteristics, 40.

=Habeas Corpus Act.= =Hd= Not in operation in Haldimand's time, 275; demanded by Du Calvet, 291. =Bib.=: Shortt and Doughty, _Constitutional Documents relating to Canada_; _Dict. Eng. Hist._

=Habitants.= The peasants of Quebec. =Index=: =Dr= More independent than peasantry of France, 12; raised to dignity of jurymen, 40; their objection to juries, 68. =WM= Superior to peasantry of France, 23. =C= Home life and hospitality, 118-119. =Bib.=: Greenough, _Canadian Folk-Life_; Frechette, _Christmas in French Canada_; Morgan and Burpee, _Canadian Life in Town and Country_; Fiske, _New France and New England_; Lambert, _Travels in Canada_.

=Habitation de Quebec.= The first building in Quebec. Erected by Champlain, 1608. Stood about where the church of Notre Dame des Victoires stands to-day. An illustration of the _Habitation_ is in Champlain's _Voyages_. _See also_ Chateau St. Louis. =Index=: =Ch= Constructed by Champlain, 41; description of, 44. =Bib.=: Champlain, _Voyages_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=Hagarty, Sir John Hawkins= (1816-1900). Born in Dublin. Educated at Trinity College there. Came to Canada, 1834. Studied law, and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1840. Appointed puisne judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 1856; transferred to the Court of Queen's Bench, 1862; appointed chief-justice of the Court of Common Pleas, 1868; chief-justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1878; chief-justice of Ontario, 1884. Served as administrator of the province, 1882. Retired from the bench, 1897. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Hagerman, Christopher Alexander= (1792-1847). Born in Adolphustown, Ontario. Educated at Kingston; studied law and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1815. Served during the War of 1812-1814 with the militia, being for a time aide-de-camp to the governor-general. Collector of customs at Kingston, and member of the Executive Council, 1815. Elected a member of the Assembly, 1819. Appointed temporarily judge of the King's Bench, 1828; solicitor-general, 1829. Removed from office by the colonial secretary on the representations of William Lyon Mackenzie; subsequently restored. Appointed attorney-general, 1837; puisne judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1840. =Index=: =Mc= Solicitor-general, accuses Mackenzie of libel, 208; dismissed from office, 232; goes to England, 233; restored to office, 234; threatens House with vengeance of troops, 298. =Sy= Attorney-general, opposes union of provinces, 207, 208; made judge, 252. =BL= Brands Mackenzie as "a reptile unworthy of the notice of any gentleman," 15; removed from office of solicitor-general, 15; restored, 16; succeeded in 1840 by Draper, 77. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_ and _Last Forty Years_; Read, _Lives of the Judges_.

=Halard, Jacques.= =Ch= Brings out stores for De Caen, 136.

=Haldemans of Pennsylvania.= =Hd= Cousins of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 87, 343.

=Haldimand, Antoine Francois.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, settled in England, 72, 88, 105; goes bail for his uncle, 311; very successful in business. 311; his intimate relations with his uncle, 312, 332, 338, 341, 342.

=Haldimand, Barthelemi.= =Hd= Uncle of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2; a philanthropic fighting Calvinist, 2.

=Haldimand, Bertrand.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 311, 340.

=Haldimand, Francois-Lois.= =Hd= Father of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2.

=Haldimand, Francois-Louis.= =Hd= Brother of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 312, 343.

=Haldimand, Sir Frederick= (1718-1791). =Hd= Descent and birth, 1-3; antagonism to French nation, 3; joins Prussian army, 3; previous military service, 5; present at battle of Mollwitz, 6; his admiration for the king of Prussia, 6; recommended to command of second battalion, Royal American regiment, 9; stationed at Philadelphia, 11; sent to Albany and afterwards to southern colonies to recruit, 13; but slightly acquainted with the English language, 15; popular in the military profession, 15; resemblance to George Washington, 15; exchanges to fourth battalion of Royal Americans, 17; joins expedition against Canada, 17; wounded at Ticonderoga (Carillon), 21; in correspondence with General Gage, 22, 23; in command at Fort Edward, 22; marches to Oswego, 25; repulses attack of French under La Corne de St. Luc, 26; yields precedence at Niagara to Sir W. Johnson, 27; returns to Oswego, 27; builds block-houses, 32; makes vegetable gardens for benefit of his troops, 33; joins in attack on Fort de Levis, 36; ordered to take possession of one of the gates of Montreal, 38; demands the French flags, 39; remains two years at Montreal under Gage, 40; succeeds Burton at Three Rivers, 42; promoted to rank of colonel in British army, 42; becomes British subject, 42; divides government of Three Rivers into four districts, 43; his proclamations, 45; his relations with Murray, 49; with his nephew, 50; his land purchases, 50, 51; on Burton's return to Montreal, 53; again at Three Rivers, 53; suppresses irregular trading with Indians, 54; difficulties of his position, 60; obtains leave of absence and visits England, 61; transferred to Florida, 63; unpleasant relations with Governor Johnstone, 65, 73; improves conditions for the troops, 66-69; lays out gardens, 71; tries to promote agriculture among Indian tribes, 72; surveys Mobile River and Bay, 77, 78; transferred to St. Augustine, 78; his farm of _Mon Plaisir_, 78; sent back to Pensacola, 80; his position pecuniarily burdensome, 82, 87; made major and placed in command at New York, 83; his attitude in relation to colonial trouble, 84, 85; visits relatives in Pennsylvania, 87; relations with Governor Tryon, 89; his views on employment of troops in Indian and civil disturbances, 89, 90, 92; foresees civil war, 98; summoned by Gage to Boston, 102; his property in New York stolen or destroyed, 103; recalled to England, 105; his reception there, 106; made inspector-general of forces in West Indies, and raised to rank of general in America and lieutenant-general in the army, 107; receives L3000 to cover past outlays, 107; appointed governor of Canada, in succession to Carleton, 113; visits Yverdun, 113, 116; his reception at Quebec, and at Montreal, 117, 119; receives news of a treaty between France, Spain, and the revolted colonies, 124; fortifies post on Carleton Island, 124; his distrust of French-Canadians, 127, 128; issues letters of marque, 130; improves mail service with England, 131; his report to Lord George Germaine, 132-143; his policy with the Indians, 147, 259; opens letter addressed by Guy Johnson to Germaine, 155; reprimanded, 156; his efforts to keep peace between rival officers, 157-159; prohibited trading by officials, 162; on the value of Indian allies, 164; negotiates with Washington for Henry Hamilton's release from prison, 169; his later opinion of Indians in battle, 170; disapproves the savagery of Butler's Indians, 170; suspends Allsopp, member of Council, for sedition, 175; surrounded by spies, 175; disagreements with Council, 176-178; prohibits exportation of grain, 177; befriends Ursuline nuns, 179; his rules of conduct, 179; sends back two priests from France, 181; strengthens fortifications of Quebec, 183; causes canals to be made at Coteau du Lac and Cascades, 185; visit to Montreal and benefactions to its institutions, 186; greatly mortified by despatch hinting that, in case of extreme danger, Carleton might be sent to take command, 188; desires to resign his post, 189; concerned at sympathy of leading French-Canadians with the French in the war, 190; takes census, 190; founds library at Quebec, 190; exercises a certain censorship of press, 191; his proclamations, 192; consents to remain in Canada till conclusion of peace, 194; his cautious attitude in connection with the Vermont question, 200, 208, 211, 212; breaks off negotiations, 217; his instructions regarding vaccination, 230; exercises fatherly care over his officers, 236; his opinion of Canadian horses, 245; his resemblance in character to Washington, 250; receives Baron Steuben at Sorel, 259; declines to surrender western forts, 260; assists the North West Company, 261; his advice to home government respecting western posts, 262; opposed to idea of military settlement in eastern townships, 264; efforts on behalf of Loyalists, 265; the founder of Ontario, 271; his unpopularity, 273; has to grapple with treasonable intrigues, 273-282; admissions in his favour by French-Canadian authorities, 291, 292; the kindness of his disposition, 293-296; godfather to two of Baron Riedesel's children, 296, 299; his physical ailments, 299; his garden at Quebec, 299; his regard for the Riedesels, 299-304; his departure from Canada, 309; arrested at suit of Du Calvet, 310; bailed by his nephew, 311; receives Order of the Bath, 313, 322; promoted to be general in America, 313; his papers in the Archives in Ottawa, 319; Dr. Brymner's opinion of, 320; his diary, 321; the king's high regard for him, 321, 322; the queen's, 322, 336; characteristics, 323-329; his opinion of Lord Amherst, 326; on friendly terms with Lord Sydney, 326; his hospitality to Canadians, 327; meets Sir Guy Carleton, in London, 330; his opinions of various persons, 332, 333; notes from his diary, 333-340; poor opinion of the French, 335; goes to Switzerland, 336; returns to London, 337; his death, 340; his will, 340-343; memorial tablet to, in Westminster Abbey, 346; his devotion to British interests, 347. =Bk= His able administration of the government of Canada, 37; first canals made under his orders, 48. =Dr= His valuable papers, 7; news received of his appointment as governor, 183; his unwillingness to accept post, 183; arrival of, 189; exchange of prisoners made by, 207. =E= Constructs St. Lawrence canals, 97. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; _Haldimand Papers_ (Canadian Archives).

=Haldimand, Frederick.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 17; serves in his uncle's battalion, 49; runs into debt, 50; drowned, 61, 294; Haldimand's affection for, 62.

=Haldimand, Henry.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 311; his death, 312.

=Haldimand, Honnete Gaspard.= =Hd= Grandfather of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 17, 72, 311.

=Haldimand, Jean Abraham.= =Hd= Younger brother of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 17, 72, 88, 311.

=Haldimand, Jean-Lois.= =Hd= Uncle of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 2, 4.

=Haldimand, Justine.= =Hd= Sister of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 3; death of, 338.

=Haldimand, Louis.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, 88; his arrival and reception in Boston, 109; promoted, 110, 294; his debts, 312.

=Haldimand, Pierre.= =Hd= Nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand, joins him in Florida, 72; placed in charge of seigniory of Pabos, 73, 111; appointed ranger of the woods, 294; death of, 294.

=Haldimand, William.= =Hd= Grand-nephew of Sir Frederick Haldimand; and director of Bank of England, 343.

=Haldimand Papers.= =Hd= In Canadian Archives, 319, 320.

=Haliburton, Thomas Chandler= (1796-1865). Born at Windsor, Nova Scotia. Educated at the Grammar School and at King's College there. Called to the bar and practised for a time at Annapolis. Represented the county of Annapolis in the Nova Scotia Legislature, and in 1829 appointed district judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1841 transferred to the Supreme Court. Resigned in 1856, and removed to England, where three years later, entered Parliament as member for Launceston. Died at his home, Gordon House, on the Thames. =Index=: =H= Contributes to _Nova Scotian_, 9; his _History of Nova Scotia_ published by Joseph Howe, a financial failure, 10; friendship for Howe, 10; sails for England with Howe, 267; Howe's poetical toast to, 267-268. =Md= Advocates Confederation, 96. =Bib.=: Works: _An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia_; _The Clockmaker, or The Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville_; _Bubbles of Canada_; _Reply to the Report of the Earl of Durham_; _Letter-bag of the Great Western, or Life in a Steamer_; _Attache, or Sam Slick in England_; _Old Judge, or Life in a Colony_; _English in America_; _Traits of American Humour_; _Wise Saws and Modern Instances_; _Americans at Home_; _Nature and Human Nature_; _Address on the Present Condition, Resources, and Prospects of British North America_; _Season Ticket_. Brief biographies are found in _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Morgan, _Bib. Can._; Allibone, _Dict. Eng. Lit._; Calnek and Savery, _History of the County of Annapolis_; Chasles, _Etudes sur Litterature des Anglo-Americains_; Crofton, _Haliburton: a Centenary Chaplet_. _See also_ last-mentioned volume for a bibliography of the various editions of his works and a list of articles, in books and magazines, on the man and his works; _also_ A. H. O'Brien's exhaustive bibliography, in R. S. C., _Trans._, 1909.

=Halifax.= A seaport, and the capital of Nova Scotia; founded in 1749 and named after the Earl of Halifax, then president of the Board of Trade. The first settlers were brought out from England in that year by Governor Cornwallis, in thirteen transports; following year made the capital of the province (then including New Brunswick), instead of Annapolis; in 1842 incorporated as a city; became, with its fortifications, observatory stations, harbour mines, etc., one of the fortresses of the Empire and the chief British naval station in North America; garrisoned by Imperial troops until 1905, when they were withdrawn and replaced by a Canadian garrison. =Index=: =H= Birthplace of Joseph Howe, 1; the North-West Arm, 1; Melville Island, 5; newspapers (_see_ _Chronicle_; _Acadian_; _Nova Scotian_); municipal government in, in 1835, 20; Howe's trial for libelling magistrates of the city, 21, 29; represented by Howe and Annand, 1836, 29; bill for incorporation of, 69; Howe re-elected for, 73; James MacNab elected for, 106; railway communication with Windsor, 118. =Bib.=: MacMechan, _Halifax in Books_, a collection of pen-pictures of Halifax and its people by many writers from Edmund Burke to Rudyard Kipling, and including Marsden, _Narrative_; Tom Moore, _Letters_; McGregor, _Maritime Colonies of British America_; Moorsom, _Letters from Nova Scotia_; Sleigh, _Pine Forests_; Mrs. Williams, _Neutral French_; Marryat, _Frank Mildmay_; Dickens, _American Notes_; Johnston, _Notes on North America_; Cozzens, _Acadia_; Sladen, _On the Cars and Off_; Haliburton, _Nova Scotia_; Thomas B. Akins, _History of Halifax_ (Nova Scotia Hist. Soc. _Trans._, vol. 8); Mackay, _Sketch of City of Halifax_, in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5; Regan, _Sketches and Traditions of the North-West Arm_; _Selections from the Public Documents of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.

=Halifax Award.= The treaty of Washington having provided for a commission, to settle the compensation due Canada by the United States for the use of her fisheries, in 1877 the United States appointed E.H. Kellogg, Canada appointed Sir Alexander Galt, and these two agreed upon M. Delfosse, Belgian minister to Washington, as a third. The commission met at Halifax, and after long and careful deliberation, decided that Canada should be paid $5,500,000, the American commissioner protesting. The award was paid, after some delay. _See_ Washington, Treaty of. =Bib.=: _Record of the Proceedings of the Halifax Fisheries Commission_, 1877.

=Hall, Major George D.= =Sy= Appointed military secretary and aide-de-camp, 152.

=Halliburton, Sir Brenton= (1773-1860). =H= Chief-justice, of Nova Scotia, presides at trial of Joseph Howe for libel, 24; contest for his office, 168; his son challenges Howe, because of supposed insulting references to the father, 236. =Bib.=: Hill, _Memoir of Sir Brenton Halliburton_; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Halliburton, John Croke= (1806-1884). Eldest son of Sir Brenton Halliburton, chief-justice of Nova Scotia. Called to the bar, 1829; appointed deputy-clerk of the Legislative Council, 1830, and clerk, 1838. In early life challenged Joseph Howe to a duel, but neither of the duellists injured. =Index=: =H= Challenges Joseph Howe, 236; the duel, 236-244.

=Haly, Sir William O'Grady= (1811-1878). Entered the army, 1828. Served with distinction in the Crimea and in India. Created K.C.B., 1855. Appointed commander-in-chief of the forces in British North America, 1873. Acted as administrator of the government of Canada during the absence of Lord Dufferin, 1875. Attained the rank of general, 1877. Died in Halifax.

=Hamilton.= City of Ontario, on Burlington Bay, west end of Lake Ontario. Laid out and settled, 1813, by George Hamilton, from whom it takes its name. =Index=: =BL= Early municipal government of, 298, 300. =Bib.=: Lovell, _Gazetteer_.

=Hamilton, Alexander= (1757-1804). American statesman. =Index=: =Dr= Anxious to keep on good terms with Britain, 286; Talleyrand's opinion of, 287. =Bib.=: Hamilton, _Life of Alexander Hamilton_. For further biog., and bibliog. of works by and of him, _see Cyc. Am. Biog._ and _Lit. Am. Hist._

=Hamilton, John= (1801-1882). Born in Queenston, Ontario. Removed to Kingston, 1840. Throughout his life largely interested in inland navigation, and the first to introduce iron vessels on Canadian waters. Sat in the Legislative Council of Upper Canada, 1831-1841; in the Legislative Council of Canada, 1841-1867; and in the Senate from 1867 until his death. On the completion of his fiftieth year of continuous service in the Upper Chamber, presented with an address of congratulation by his fellow-senators.

=Hamilton, Henry.= Lieutenant-governor of Detroit during Revolutionary War; captured at Vincennes, 1779, and imprisoned. Retired from the army, 1783; lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1784-1785; governor of Bermuda, 1790-1794. Died in Antigua, 1796. =Index=: =Hd= Governor of Detroit, occupies Vincennes on Wabash, 167; captured and imprisoned by Americans, 168; made lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 314. Died, 1796. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Shortt and Doughty, _Constitutional Documents of Canada_.

=Hamilton, Paul= (1762-1816). =Bk= United States secretary of the navy, 173. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Hamilton, Pierce Stevens= (1826-1893). Studied law, and called to the bar, 1851. Entered journalism, and edited _Acadian Recorder_, 1853-1861. Appointed chief commissioner of mines for Nova Scotia. An early advocate of Confederation. =Index=: =B= Advocates Confederation, 129. =T= His views on union of the colonies, 65-66. =Bib.=: Works: _Union of the Colonies of British North America_; _Feast of Ste. Anne and other Poems_.

=Hamilton, Robert.= =S= Member of Legislative Council, 79; accused by Simcoe of "republicanism," 97; visits England and takes legal advice respecting land matters in Upper Canada, 103; his house at Queenston, 179; entertains Prince Edward, 184; appointed lieutenant of county of Lincoln, 198.

=Hammond, George= (1763-1853). =S= British minister at Philadelphia, consulted by Simcoe on the situation, 134, 144. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Hampton, Sir John Somerset Pakington, first Baron= (1799-1880). Sat for Droitwich in British Parliament, 1837-1874; secretary for war and colonies, 1852; first lord of Admiralty, 1858 and 1866; secretary for war, 1867-1868. =Index=: =E= Opposes the secularization of Clergy Reserves, 165, 166, 167. =B= And the Clergy Reserves, 59. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Hancock.= =Bk= Private of 41st, first man killed in War of 1812, 236.

=Hancock's House.= =S= Skirmish at, 24.

=Handy, Henry S.= =Mc= Commander of "patriot" army, 427; quarrels with "General" Sutherland, 427; occupies Sugar Island, 428; put to flight, 428; forms new plot to revolutionize Canada, 437; its extent, 438; failure of, 439. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.

=Hanington, Daniel= (1804-1889). Sat for over half a century in one or other of the branches of the New Brunswick Legislature. Elected to Assembly, 1834, for Westmoreland, which he represented up to 1862. A member of the Executive Council under Sir Edmund Head; Speaker of the Assembly for several years; appointed to the Legislative Council, 1867, and president of that body, 1883-1886. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Hanington, Daniel Lionel= (1835-1909). Born at Shediac, New Brunswick. Called to the bar, 1861; in 1870 entered the New Brunswick Assembly, representing Westmoreland until 1874; and reelected, 1878; member of the Executive Council, 1878; premier of the province, 1882; resigned, 1883. In 1892 appointed a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. =Index=: =T= Elected Speaker of New Brunswick Assembly, 30. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Hanks, Captain.= =Bk= Surrenders Michilimackinac, 211; killed at Detroit, 255.

=Hanna, James.= =D= Voyage of 1785, 22; on enormous profits of sea-otter trade, 22.

=Hanna, Michael= (1821-1882). Born in Ireland. Came to Canada, 1839, and completed his studies at St. Mary's College. Ordained to the priesthood, 1845. Held various charges in Nova Scotia. Subsequently became vicar-general of the diocese of Halifax and archbishop, 1877. Died in Halifax.

=Harding, James A.= =T= Returned for St. John, 25, 30, 43.

=Hardy, Arthur Sturgis= (1837-1899). Born at Mount Pleasant, Ontario. Studied law, and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1865; practised his profession at Brantford; Q. C., 1876. Elected to the Ontario Legislature, 1873; provincial secretary, 1877; commissioner of crown lands, 1889; premier, 1896. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Biggar, _Sir Oliver Mowat_.

=Hargrave, James.= Chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company. =Index=: =MS= In charge of York Factory, 226; correspondence with Rev. Wm. Cochrane, 227; made chief trader, 1833, and chief factor, 1844, 227; Simpson's letters to, 261-262. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Harlay, de.= =L= Archbishop of Rouen, desires ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Canada, 133; called to the see of Paris, 134; desires to bring diocese of Quebec under his jurisdiction, 184.

=Harmon, Daniel Williams.= Born in Vermont. Entered service of North West Company, 1800, at Montreal, and left immediately for the western fur country. Returned to the east in 1819, bringing with him his _Journals_, covering this period, which were edited by Daniel Haskel, of Burlington, Vt., and published at that place in 1820; reprinted in New York, with a brief introduction, 1903. Returned to the West, and remained there several years, finally settling with his native wife and family on the shores of Lake Champlain. One of his daughters conducted a private school in Ottawa for many years. =Index=: =D= Stuart's lieutenant in New Caledonia, 98. =Bib.=: _Journal of Voyages and Travels in the Interior of North America_. For biog., _see_ Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Laut, _Conquest of the Great North-West_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Haro, Gonzalez Lopez de.= =D= Finds Russian establishments, 38. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _North-West Coast_.

=Harrison, Robert Alexander= (1833-1878). Studied law, and appointed to crown law department of Upper Canada, 1854. Retired, 1859, and practised in Toronto. Member for Toronto in first Dominion Parliament, 1867-1872. Chief-justice of the Court of Queen's Bench, Ontario, 1875-1878. One of the arbitrators in Ontario boundary dispute, 1878. Author of many legal works; and edited _Poker_, a humorous paper, 1859-1860. =Index=: =B= His connection with the contempt of court suit against George Brown, 249-254. =Md= Chief-justice, serves on Ontario Boundary Commission, 255. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Read, _Lives of the Judges_.

=Harrison, Samuel Bealey.= =Sy= Provincial secretary for Upper Canada, 283; his resolutions on responsible government, 310, 311. =BL= Provincial secretary for Upper Canada, 1841, 76; a moderate Liberal, 78; Baldwin's confidence in, 78; retains office under La Fontaine-Baldwin administration, 134; Constitutional Society of Orillia recommends his dismissal, 167; member for Kingston--opposes transfer of capital to Montreal, and resigns as provincial secretary, 182; Gowan predicts his dismissal from office, 187. =Mc= Moves resolution for responsible government, which carries, 408. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Harrison, T. T. J.= =Mc= His account of the Haldimand election, 487.

=Harrison, William Henry= (1773-1841). Ninth president of the United States. =Index=: =Bk= United States general, his Tippecanoe exploit, 174-176. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Harvey, Sir John= (1778-1852). Entered the British army, and saw active service in Holland, France, at the Cape of Good Hope, Ceylon, India, and Egypt. In 1812 deputy adjutant-general of the army in Canada, and defeated the American generals Chandler and Winder at Stoney Creek. Took part in the battles of Lundy's Lane, Fort Erie, and Chrystler's Farm. In 1815 aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington, and fought at Waterloo. In 1837-1841 governor of New Brunswick; governor and commander-in-chief of Newfoundland, 1841-1846; and governor of Nova Scotia, 1846-1852. Buried at Halifax. =Index=: =Md= Governor of Nova Scotia, Grey's despatch on responsible government, 33; text of the despatch, 47-50. =BL= Earl Grey's despatch to, on responsible government in Nova Scotia, 269-272. =H= Appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 103; his broad views on responsible government, 112-113; his correspondence with Earl Grey as to proposed Intercolonial Railway, 124; his death, 143. =W= Succeeds Sir Archibald Campbell as lieutenant-governor, 47; assents to Civil List Bill, 47; on tenure of public office, 57, 113; his connection with the Aroostook War, 135. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.

=Hatheway, George L.= =T= Chief commissioner of the Board of Works, New Brunswick, 86; deserts the government and runs as opposition candidate in York, 86; deserts Anti-Confederates, in 1866, 108.

=Haultain, Frederick William Gordon= (1857- ). Born in Woolwich, England. Educated at Montreal High School, Peterborough Collegiate Institute, and the University of Toronto. Called to the bar of Ontario, 1882; removed to the North-West Territories and settled at Fort McLeod, 1884. Elected to the North-West Council, 1887, and to the first Territorial Assembly, 1888. Member of the Advisory Council, 1888; Territorial premier, 1897; held office until the formation of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, 1905. =Bib.=: Begg, _History of the North-West_; Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Haviland, T. H.= (1822-1895). Born at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Studied law and called to the bar of Prince Edward Island, 1846; elected to the Assembly for Georgetown the same year; member of the Legislative Council, 1870; colonial secretary in the provincial government, 1859-1862, 1866-1867, 1870-1872; solicitor-general, 1865; Speaker of the Assembly, 1863-1864; provincial secretary, 1873-1876; called to the Senate, 1873; lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, 1879. =Index=: =T= Delegate from Prince Edward Island to Quebec Conference, 77. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._

=Hawke.= =B= His evidence on land grants in Upper Canada, 53-54.

=Hay, Charles.= =Hd= Imprisoned on charge of treason, 279.

=Hay, Jehu.= =Hd= Lieutenant-governor of Detroit, 158.

=Hay, Robert.= =Mc= Generosity of, 505.

=Hayes Route.= The main route of the fur traders, from Hudson Bay to Lake Winnipeg and the interior. It was adopted at a very early date, the more obvious route by way of Nelson River having proved impracticable. The Hayes route runs up Hayes River to Oxford Lake, and thence by a series of small lakes and rivers over the height of land and down the Echimamish River to Little Playgreen Lake, and Lake Winnipeg. York Factory stands at the Hudson Bay end of the route, and Norway House at the entrance to Lake Winnipeg.

=Hazen, John Douglas= (1860- ). Born in Oromocto, New Brunswick. Educated at the University of New Brunswick; studied law and called to the bar of New Brunswick, 1883. Alderman of Fredericton and mayor for two years. Elected to the House of Commons for St. John City and County, 1891; but defeated, 1896. Elected to the New Brunswick Assembly for Sunbury, 1899; chosen leader of the opposition in the Assembly; premier and attorney-general, 1908. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Hazen, Moses.= =Dr= Brings news of Arnold's attack on St. Johns, 34. =Hd= A rebel spy, 130; mentioned by Haldimand in despatch, 132-133.

=Hazen, Robert Leonard= (1806-1874). Born in St. John, New Brunswick. Studied law and called to the bar, 1832; sat for St. John in New Brunswick Assembly, 1837-1848; in Legislative Council, 1848-1867; member of Executive Council without portfolio, 1844-1854, and again, 1856-1857; called to the Senate, 1867; judge of Vice-Admiralty Court of New Brunswick, 1846-1874. =Index=: =W= On responsible government, 63-64; appointed to Executive Council, New Brunswick, 72; resigns, 76; referred to in Wilmot's speech, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110. =T= Member of Gray-Wilmot ministry, 41. =Bib.=: _Parl. Comp._, 1873; Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Hazen's Rangers.= =WM= In battle of the Plains, 257.

=Head, Sir Edmund Walker= (1805-1868). Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, 1830-1837; lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, 1847; governor-general of Canada, 1854-1861. Afterwards appointed a civil service commissioner and elected governor of the Hudson's Bay Company. =Index=: =Md= Calls upon Tache to form ministry, 80; suggests Bytown (Ottawa) as capital, 85. =E= Succeeds Elgin as governor-general, Dec. 19, 1854, 203; Elgin's opinion of, 208; visits Elgin, 239. =B= Sends for George Brown to form ministry--relations with, 101-105, 108. =R= Requests report on separate school question from Ryerson, 234. =W= On reducing number of judges in New Brunswick, 129, 130; and Wilmot, 131. =T= Judicial appointments, 31; and Confederation question, 63. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years; Dict. Nat. Biog._; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Mackenzie, _Hon. George Brown_.

=Head, Sir Francis Bond= (1793-1875). Served in Royal Engineers at Waterloo; travelled in South America, 1825-1826; appointed lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, 1835-1837; made privy councillor, 1867. =Index=: =Mc= Governor of Upper Canada, states his position on responsible government, 22; Durham says he purposely invited rebellion, 23; his instructions on taking office, 263; makes public a confidential despatch, 280; arrives in Canada, 291; his appointment, 291; states his position, 293; appoints three executive councillors, 294; Council resigns, 294; his views of responsibility, 295; censured by committee of the House, 296; House adopts the report, 297; refuses supplies, 297; he replies to address of deputation, 298; deputation's reply, 300; appoints four new councillors, 300; schooled by Lord Glenelg, 301; joins Family Compact, 302; dissolves the House, 303; refuses assent to money bills, 303; interferes in elections, 304; insults Glenelg, 304; denounces Robert Baldwin, 305; quarrels with imperial commission of inquiry, 305; refuses to obey Lord Glenelg, 307; W. J. Rattray on, 307; his success in the elections, 308; unscrupulous influence in, 309; Lord Durham on, 309; some of his addresses, 313; charged with undue influence in, 313; sustained by partisan House, 314; refuses offer of troops, 353; invites revolt, 354, 355; prepares to escape, 364; sends flag of truce, 368; offers reward for Mackenzie's apprehension, 380; orders burning of property, 381; seeks Mackenzie's extradition, 415. =Sy= Recall of, 109. =BL= Comes as governor, 16, 32; his appointment, 35; his character, 36; his arrival in Toronto, 37; relations with the Reformers, 37; appoints Baldwin, Rolph, and Dunn to the Council, 38; their resignation, 41; quarrels with Reform party, 41-42; dissolves Assembly and throws his influence on Tory side in the elections, 41-42; wins the election, 42; his Tory Parliament, 62; attitude towards colonial self-government, 64; Draper a member of his Council, 77; compared to Bagot, 151. =R= His instructions, 112; his conciliatory promises not fulfilled, 113; end of his administration, 114; advances funds to Upper Canada Academy, 142-143. =E= An unfortunate choice as governor, 1; and the Upper Canada Rebellion, 22. =Bib.=: Works: _Narrative_; _The Emigrant_; _Journeys in the Pampas and Andes_; _Life of Bruce, the Traveller; Life of Burgoyne_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_ and _Rebellion of 1837_; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Upper Canadian Rebellion_; Lizars, _Humours of '37_; Fitz Gibbon, _A Veteran of 1812_; Robinson, _Sir John Beverley Robinson_; Ryerson, _Story of my Life_; Egerton and Grant, _Canadian Constitutional Development_; Durham, _Report_; _Lord Glenelg's Despatches to Sir F.B. Head_, London, 1839.

=Hearne, Samuel= (1745-1792). Came to Fort Prince of Wales on the Hudson's Bay Company's ship _Prince Rupert_. Under instructions from the Company, and after two abortive attempts, set forth in December, 1770, on his memorable journey to the mouth of the Coppermine River, which he reached in July of the following year. Returning by way of Great Slave Lake, arrived at Fort Prince of Wales in June, 1772. Two years later sent to the Saskatchewan, where he built Cumberland House. On his return in 1775, appointed governor of Fort Prince of Wales, and still in charge when the fort was captured by La Perouse in 1782. Brief accounts of his journey published after his return from the Coppermine, and some of his statements severely criticized by Alexander Dalrymple. The complete account of the expedition did not appear until three years after his death. =Index=: =MS= Sent inland by Hudson's Bay Company, 3; discovers Coppermine River and Great Slave Lake, 3, 31; builds Cumberland House, 4; magnitude of his explorations, 31; his guide Matonabee, 32. =D= His expedition to Coppermine River made on behalf of Hudson's Bay Company, 51; his discoveries known to Alexander Mackenzie, 53. =Bib.=: Works: _Journey from Prince of Wales Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean_, etc., 1769-1772 (Lond., 1795). New ed., edited by J. B. Tyrrell, Champlain Soc., 1910; French trans. by M. Lallemant in 2 vols. (Paris, 1799). Also, abridged in Mavor's collection of _Voyages_, xxiv, 1-66. Brief accounts of Hearne and his explorations will be found in Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Willson, _Great Company_; Laut, _Pathfinders of the West_ and _Conquest of the Great North-West_; Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Heath, General William= (1737-1814). =Dr= Commissioner on American side for exchange of prisoners, 208. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog_.

=Heathfield, George Augustus Eliott, first Baron= (1717-1790). Defender of Gibraltar. =Index=: =Hd= His marriage, 316. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Heavysege, Charles= (1816-1876). Born in Liverpool, England. Came to Canada, 1853. Settled in Montreal, and engaged in his trade of cabinet-making. Afterwards connected with the staff of the _Witness_. Author of a number of dramas, the most remarkable of which was _Saul_. =Bib.=: For his works, _see_ James, _Bibliography of Canadian Poetry_. For biog., _see_ Burpee, _Charles Heavysege_ (R. S. C., 1901); Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.

=Hebert, Anne.= Eldest daughter of Louis Hebert, Quebec; married to Stephen Jonquest in the autumn of 1617, Father Le Caron officiating. This was the first marriage in New France. =Index=: =Ch= Her marriage, 113; her death, 117.

=Hebert, Guillaume.= =Ch= Son of Louis, 146.

=Hebert, Louis.= Came from Paris to Acadia, 1604; mentioned there in 1610, and again in 1613-1614. Returned to France, and in 1617 came to Quebec, becoming the first permanent settler in New France. Died 1627. =Index=: =F= First regular settler at Quebec, 16. =Ch= Consents to accompany Champlain to Canada, 111, 112; a valuable member of the colony, 112; signs complaint of the inhabitants, 136; his family, 146; previous life, 147; death of, 148; a native of Paris, 250; receives fief of Sault au Matelot, 251. =Bib.=: Colby, _Canadian Types of the Old Regime_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=Hebert, Guillemette.= =Ch= Wife of Guillaume Couillard, 146.

=Hebert, Madame.= =Ch= Mass celebrated in her house on restoration of Quebec, 225.

=Heceta, Bruno.= Commanded Spanish expedition to North-West Coast, 1775. =Index=: =D= Discovers mouth of Columbia, 14, 15. =Bib.=: Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.

=Helmcken, John Sebastian.= Born in England, 1832. Studied medicine and admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1848. Appointed surgeon at Vancouver Island by Hudson's Bay Company; first magistrate appointed in the colony. As magistrate stationed at Fort Rupert, where the miners were very unruly. In 1856 elected for Esquimalt district to the first Legislature of the colony; took a very active part in its deliberations; and became Speaker. Member of Executive Council, 1864-1871. Opposed Confederation in 1870. Sent to Ottawa the same year as one of the delegates to negotiate terms of union. =Index=: =D= Speaker of first Legislature of Vancouver Island, 210. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Begg, _History of British Columbia_.

=Henderson, Captain.= =Dr= With crews of two war vessels assists in defence of Quebec, 112.

=Henderson.= =WM= Private of grenadiers, helps to carry Wolfe off the field, 200.

=Hennepin, Louis.= Born in Ath, Belgium, about 1640. Entered order of Recollets. Sailed for Quebec, 1675. Stationed at Fort Frontenac, 1676. Accompanied La Salle to the West, 1678. From Fort Crevecoeur (Peoria, Ill.), in 1680, descended the Illinois and explored the upper waters of the Mississippi. Captured by the Sioux and carried to their country. After eight months, rescued by Du Lhut (_q.v._), passed the winter at Michilimackinac, and returned to Quebec, 1682. Apparently satisfied with his adventures in the wilderness, returned to Europe, and settled in Holland, where devoted himself to the preparation of a series of narratives of his explorations, real and imaginary. Died there about 1706. =Bib.=: Works: _Description de la Louisiane_, etc.; _Nouvelle Decouverte,_ etc.; _Nouveau Voyage_, etc. For biog., and bibliog. details of Hennepin's works, _see_ Thwaites's edition of the _New Discovery_, 1903. _See also_ Parkman, _La Salle_.

=Henri.= =Ch= Servant of Madame Hebert, murdered by Montagnais Indian, 164.

=Henrietta of France, Queen of England.= =Ch= Dowry of, 216.

=Henry IV, King of France= (1553-1610). Succeeded Henry III in 1589. =Index=: =F= Assassination of, 11. =Ch= Assassinated, 64. =Bib.=: Chambers, _Biog. Dict._

=Henry, Alexander, the Elder= (1739-1824). One of the pioneer fur traders in north-western America. Born in New Jersey. Entered the fur trade as a young man, 1760, or perhaps earlier. His _Travels and Adventures_ open in that year and describe his experiences in the West for the following sixteen years. Sailed for Europe in 1776, where he made the acquaintance of Sir Joseph Banks, president of the Royal Society, and had an opportunity of describing his adventures to Marie Antoinette. Afterwards settled in Montreal as a merchant. =Index=: =MS= Leaves Montreal for western fur country, 3. =Bib.=: _Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories_, New York, 1809; new ed., with biog. and other notes, by James Bain, Toronto, 1901. _See also_ Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_.

=Henry, Alexander, the Younger.= Nephew of preceding. Entered service of North West Company about 1792. His _Journal_, the original manuscript of which is in the Library of Parliament at Ottawa, and which was published in 1897, with introduction and elaborate notes by Elliott Coues, contains an account of his western travels and experiences, 1799 to 1814. Drowned near Fort George, at the mouth of the Columbia, May 22, 1814. =Bib.=: Works: _New Light on the Early History of the Greater North-West_; _The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry and David Thompson_, ed. by Elliott Coues, New York, 1897. _See also_ Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Henry, John.= =Bk= His mission to the New England states, 120; use made of his letters, 120; referred to in message of Madison to Congress, 186, 187; sells his letters to United States government, 187. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Henry, Patrick= (1736-1799). American statesman. =Index=: =Dr= His rhetorical exaggerations, 197. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Henry, William Alexander= (1816-1888). =H= Solicitor-general, Nova Scotia--becomes provincial secretary, 1856, 157; resigns from government, 164; delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 177. =T= Delegate from Nova Scotia to Charlottetown Conference, 73; and to Quebec Conference, 76. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Herald.= Newspaper published at Montreal. Established 1808. =Index=: =BL= On debate on responsible government in Legislature, 1841, 94-95.

=Herald.= Newspaper published at Toronto. =Index=: =BL= Account of scene in Parliament, 1842, 126-127.

=Herbin.= =WM= Commands the Montreal militia with Prud'homme, 105.

=Heriot, George= (1766-1844). Born in Island of Jersey. Came to Canada, and appointed a clerk in the ordnance department at Quebec, 1799; deputy postmaster-general of British North America, 1800; and afterwards postmaster-general. Served in the War of 1812; second in command under De Salaberry at Chateauguay; major-general, 1841. =Bib.=: Works: _History of Canada; Travels through the Canadas_. For biog., _see Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Hermione.= =Bk= British war vessel, mutiny of crew, 11.

=Hermitage at Caen. L= Laval passes three years at, 25.

=Hersault, Mme.= _See_ Camaret, Marie.

=Hertel, Francois.= =F= Commands Three Rivers war party, 235; his old age, 235; leader in massacre of Salmon Falls, 251; joins De Portneuf in attack on Fort Loyal, 251. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_.

=Hertel, Jacques.= =Ch= Interpreter, 144; arrives from France in 1613, 144.

=Hertel de Rouville=. =Dr= Appointed judge, 183.

=Hervey, William= (1732-1815). British soldier. Spent the eight years 1755-1763 in North America. =Bib.=: _Journals of the Hon. William Hervey in North America and Europe from 1765 to 1814, with Order Books at Montreal, 1760-1763._

=Hessians.= =Hd= Established near Cataraqui, 265. =Dr= Applications from, for land grants, 218.

=Hey, William.= An English lawyer; succeeded William Gregory as chief-justice of Quebec, 1766. Went to England, 1773, in connection with the Quebec Act, and did not return to Canada until 1775. Left Canada finally the same year, having been elected to the British House of Commons for Sandwich, in 1774. Vacated his seat in 1776, and appointed a commissioner of customs. Died, 1797. =Index=: =Dr= Chief-justice, not favourable to Walker, 37, 39; called as witness in connection with the Quebec Act, 63; evidence of, before House of Commons, 68; makes strong appeal to British at Montreal, 88. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can_.; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Bradley, _Making of Canada_; Egerton and Grant, _Canadian Constitutional Development_; Shortt and Doughty, _Constitutional Documents of Canada_.

=Hickson, Sir Joseph= (1830-1897). Born at Otterburn, England. After some years' practical experience on various English railways, came to Canada, 1862, as chief accountant of the Grand Trunk. Subsequently promoted to the office of secretary of the company; general manager, 1874. Between that year and 1890, when he retired, succeeded in bringing the Grand Trunk to the first rank among the railways of the continent.

=Higginson, Captain.= Private secretary to Sir Charles Metcalfe. =Index=: =BL= His interview with La Fontaine--discusses constitutional government, 172-173, 174, 175, 176.

=Highlanders.= =WM= In battle of Ste. Foy, 259, 260.

=Hill, G. S.= =W= Member for Charlotte, in New Brunswick Assembly, nominates Wilmot for speakership, 66.

=Hill, P. C.= =H= Member of first Nova Scotia government after Confederation, 198.

=Hincks, Sir Francis= (1807-1885). =E= Appointed inspector-general by Sir Charles Bagot, 31; on Metcalfe, 38; returned in elections of 1848, 50; becomes inspector-general in La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 53; Ryerson's letter to, 90; his capacity for discreet, practical statesmanship, 93; his influence on railway construction, 99, 100; controversy with Howe, 101; his character and influence, 107; forms ministry, 107-108; makes concessions to leaders of Clear Grits, 112; inspector-general in Hincks-Morin ministry, 113; Brown's attitude to, 114; and the Grand Trunk, 115; and the Clergy Reserves, 119; attacked by Garneau, 123; bitterly attacked by Brown, 125; reorganizes government, 125-126; his government defeated, 127; relations with John Sandfield Macdonald, 128; on the appeal to the country in 1854, 133; result of the elections, 133-134; elected in two constituencies, 134; and the speakership in 1854, 135-136; resignation of ministry, 136; leader of the Liberals, 138; supports MacNab-Morin Liberal-Conservative government, 140, 141; visits London, 1852, 156; his views on Clergy Reserves, 163, 165, 166, 196; appointed governor of Barbados, 220; becomes governor of British Guiana, 220, 222; made Commander of the Bath, 222; his retirement from Imperial service, 1869, 222; receives knighthood, 222; returns to Canada, and becomes finance minister in Sir John Macdonald's ministry, 223; his final retirement from public life, 223; his character and his closing years, 223-224; writes his _Reminiscences_, 224; his death at Montreal, 1885, 224. =Sy= Publisher of _Examiner_, advocate of responsible government, 107; supports union of provinces as leading thereto, 212; his attitude on Clergy Reserves question, 247; supports useful legislation introduced by Sydenham, 296; finds Lower Canada Conservatives much more liberal than the "Liberals," 297; disapproves Baldwin's action, 298; a man of more political wisdom than Baldwin, 299; supports Local Government Bill, 323; partially adopts, as finance minister of the Dominion, Sydenham's idea of bank of issue, 330; Sydenham's high opinion of his financial abilities, 333; made inspector-general by Sir Charles Bagot, 333. =B= On Metcalfe's policy, 18-49; opposed by George Brown--Brown's letters to, 48-49, 54-55; protests against attitude of Derby government in England on Clergy Reserves, 59; his action in legislature, 59; and the University of Toronto Bill, 63; Brown acknowledges his services for responsible government, 67; warns George Brown that the logical conclusion of his course in Parliament was dissolution of the union, 70; his ministry defeated in June, 1854, 77; his retirement--supports MacNab-Morin government, 77; his argument against representation by population, 84; and the fight for responsible government, 261; his brief and troubled reign, 262. =BL= Associated with Baldwin, 32; born in Cork, Dec. 14, 1807--came to Canada, 1830, 32; early years, 32; his marriage, 34; manager of the Bank of the People, 34; friendship for Baldwin, 34; commercial interests, 34-35; on Head's appointment, 36; secretary of Constitutional Reform Society, 42; took no part in Rebellion of 1837, 44; establishes the _Examiner_, 58; supports Durham, 58; meets La Fontaine and Morin in Lower Canada, 63; and enters into correspondence with them, 63; elected for Oxford, 69; his address to the electors, 69; his attitude in the Legislature of 1841, 85; explains reasons for supporting Cavillier for speakership--challenges government to a vote, 87; presses government for a statement of policy on question of responsible government, 91; supports Neilson's motion against Union Act, 96; his speech, 96-97; supports government's policy as to public works, 98-99; defends Municipal Government Bill, 102-103; charged with desertion of his party, 102; repudiates charge, 103; explains his position in the _Examiner_, 104; votes for Municipal Bill, 105; Bagot makes him inspector-general, 118-119; address to his constituents, 119-120; his appointment criticized, 120, 121, 130; moves postponement of debate, 131-132; remains in office in La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 133, 134; Constitutional Society of Orillia recommends his dismissal, 167; on La Fontaine, 170; takes charge of fiscal and commercial legislation in the Assembly, 178-179; contemporary account of him, 178-180; Gowan predicts his dismissal, 187; burnt in effigy at Toronto, 187; his measure for protection of agriculture against competition of United States, 189; supports Baldwin, 214; severs his connection with _Examiner_, 1842--returns to newspaper work--edits _Times_, Montreal--establishes _Pilot_, 217-218; challenged to duel, 218; his letters to London _Morning Chronicle_, 218, 219, 220; exposes Wakefield's fallacies, 219-220; referred to by George Brown, 224; on Metcalfe, 230; in political controversy, 1844, 238; beaten in Oxford, 253; remains out of Parliament until 1848, 253; protests against election of his opponent, 253; on "double majority," 259; Draper's plan discussed, 261, 262; on Elgin, 275-276; elected for Oxford during his absence in Ireland, 279; inspector-general, 1848, 284; charged with commercial and economic measures in the Legislature, 301; his transportation policy, 301-302; advocates reciprocity, 302; Customs Act, 302; defends Rebellion Losses Bill, 317-318; requests Elgin to assent to Tariff Bill, 321; his house attacked by mob, 324; his letter to the _Times_, 327-330; strengthens Canada's credit in London market, 331; his letters to _Daily Mail_, 332; reconstructs the Reform government, 335; on the Reform party, 336; his letters and views on the Clergy Reserves, 347-348; his later career in Canada, Barbados, and Guiana, 358-359; his death, Aug. 18, 1885, 359; his _Reminiscences_, 359. =H= Confers with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia representatives on Intercolonial Railway, 142; goes to England to consult Imperial government, 142; quarrels with Sir John Packington, 143; arranges for construction of Grand Trunk Railway, 143; represents British North America at railway celebration, Boston, 1851, 250. =R= Forms opposition party with Baldwin, La Fontaine, and others, 122; his University Bill, 159-161; his opinion of the Roman Catholic School Bill, 222; and separate schools, 224. =C= Urges Cartier to enter Cabinet, 22. =Mc= On Welland canal, 265; befriends Mackenzie, 481; publishes _Examiner_, 483; his _Reminiscences,_ 483; his estimate of Mackenzie, 484; becomes prime minister, 487. =Md= Forms ministry with Morin, 1851, 47; finance minister--succeeds Rose, 136; his political attitude, 136; defeated in election, 1872, 197; serves on Ontario Boundary Commission, 255. =T= Goes to England on Intercolonial mission, 26, 54; becomes minister of finance, 1869, 130; resigns, 133. =Bib.=: Works: _Canada and its Financial Resources_; _Political History of Canada_; _Reminiscences of his Public Life_. For biog., _see_ Davin, _The Irishman in Canada_; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.

=Hind, Henry Youle.= Born in Nottingham, England, 1823. Travelled in Mexico, 1846. Came to Canada, 1847, and appointed lecturer in chemistry and natural philosophy at the Toronto Normal School, Toronto. Five years later became professor of chemistry and geology in Trinity College. Geologist to the Red River exploring expedition, 1857; and had charge of the expedition of 1858 to explore the country between Red River and the Saskatchewan. In 1860 carried out an exploration of a portion of Labrador peninsula. In 1854 resigned his chair at Trinity, and undertook a preliminary geological survey of New Brunswick; and in subsequent years carried out similar work for the government of Nova Scotia. In 1876 engaged by the Newfoundland government to report on northern cod banks, but abandoned this work to assist the Canadian government in preparing their case for the Halifax Fisheries Commission. =Index=: =R= On staff of Toronto Normal School, 174. =Bib.=: Works: _Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857, and the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Expedition of 1858_; _Sketch of the Overland Route to British Columbia_; _Explorations in the Interior of the Labrador Peninsula_; _Eighty Years' Progress of British North America_ (by Hind and others). For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._ and _Can. Men_; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._

=Hochelaga.= An Iroquoian town situated, in 1535, on Montreal Island. The site is now covered by the city of Montreal. Cartier visited the town in the year mentioned, and describes it as encircled by a triple row of palisades, with galleries for the defenders. Within stood some fifty large oblong lodges, each housing several families. In 1603, when Champlain visited the place, nothing remained of the town, and Indians of a different stock occupied the island. =Bib.=: Cartier, _Bref recit_, etc.; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Fiske, _New France and New England_.

=Hocquart, Gilles.= Intendant of New France. Son of Jean-Hyacinthe Hocquart, chevalier, and seigneur d'Essenlis et de Muscourt. Held for a time the office of commissary of marine, and in 1729 obtained from the king a commission as commissary-general of New France. Arrived at Quebec in 1729; and in 1731 succeeded Dupuy as intendant. After nearly twenty years of service in New France, during which he devoted his energies unselfishly to the welfare of the colony, returned to France in 1748, and for some years filled the office of intendant at Brest. Appointed a councillor of state, 1753. =Index=: =WM= Receives Montcalm at Brest, 2. =Bib.=: Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle France_ (R. S. C., 1903); Parkman, _Half Century of Conflict_.

=Hodgins, John George= (1821- ). Born in Dublin. Came to Canada, 1833. Educated at Upper Canada Academy, Victoria College, and Toronto University. Appointed to department of education of Upper Canada, 1844; secretary of provincial board of education; 1846; deputy superintendent of education, 1855; deputy minister of education, 1876-1889; librarian and historiographer of the education department since 1889. =Index=: =R= Graduate of Victoria College, 144; Ryerson's right-hand man, 179, 202; his estimate of children attending school in 1845, 189; objections noted to School Act of 1870-1871, 205; his history of separate schools in Upper Canada, 234; on Ryerson's last days, 295-296. =Bib.=: Works: _Documentary History of Education in Upper Canada_; _Legislation and History of Separate Schools in Upper Canada_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Hodgson, Sir Robert= (1798-1880). Born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Educated at Windsor, Nova Scotia, and called to the bar of Nova Scotia and of Prince Edward Island, 1819. Appointed judge of Probate and attorney-general for Prince Edward Island, 1828; president of the Legislative Council, 1840. Appointed chief-justice, 1852, and judge of the Court of Vice-Admiralty, 1853; resigned both offices to accept the lieutenant-governorship of Prince Edward Island, 1874. Held office until 1879. Died in Charlottetown. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Prince Edward Island_.

=Holdernesse, Robert D'Arcy, fourth Earl of= (1718-1778). =WM= Wolfe's letter to, 166. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Holland.= =S= Surveyor-general, Upper Canada, 178.

=Holland.= =Hd= Revolution in places William of Orange at head of affairs, 7. =Bk= British expedition to, under Duke of York, 13-22.

=Holland House.= =Dr= Occupied by Montgomery, 123.

=Holmes, B. E.= One of leaders of the Liberal party in Lower Canada, 50. =Index=: =BL= At farewell banquet to La Fontaine, 1851, 354.

=Holmes, Charles= (1711-1761). Third in command under Sir Charles Saunders (_q.v._) before Quebec, 1759; commander-in-chief in West Indies, 1760-1761. =Index=: =WM= In command of second British fleet, 75; commands ships above Quebec, 152; movements of his fleet up and down the river, 160, 163, 171. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Woods, _Logs of the Conquest of Canada_ and _The Fight for Canada_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_.

=Holton, Luther Hamilton= (1817-1880). Entered public life, 1854, as one of the members for Montreal; elected to Legislative Council, 1862; resigned, 1863, and returned to the Assembly as member for Chateauguay, which he represented to the time of his death; accepted portfolio of commissioner of public works in the short-lived Brown-Dorion government, 1858; minister of finance in the Macdonald-Dorion administration, 1863-1864. =Index=: =E= Signs Annexation Manifesto, 81; associated with _Parti Rouge_, 108; adopts less radical views, 134. =B= Enters George Brown's ministry, 102; Brown's letter to, on Confederation, 131; on English views of Canadian politics, 143; opposed to coalition, 160; opposes Confederation scheme, 185; George Brown takes up question of reciprocity with, 192; Brown urges that he be sent to Washington on reciprocity mission, 192; opposed to Brown entering coalition ministry, 199, 200-203; George Brown writes of his determination to leave public life, 245-246. =C= Countenances annexation movement in 1849, 44-45. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Mackenzie, _Hon. George Brown_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_; _Confederation Debates_.

=Holy Family.= =L= Devotion to, encouraged by Laval, 86; commended by Leo XIII, 86.

=Holy Scapulary.= =L= Chapel dedicated to, in church at Quebec, 84.

=Home Rule in Ireland.= =Md= Resolutions on, in Canadian Parliament, 1882, 277.

=Hope, Henry.= Lieutenant-governor of Quebec, 1785-1789. =Index=: =Dr= Lieutenant-governor and administrator, receives Carleton on his arrival at Quebec, 222; death of, 249. =Bib.=: Shortt and Doughty, _Constitutional Documents of Canada_.

=Hopkins, Caleb.= =B= A leader of the Clear Grits, 39. =E= One of the leaders of the Clear Grits, 110.

=Hopson, Peregrine Thomas.= Early entered the army and advanced rapidly. Commander-in-chief of Louisbourg, when the place was restored to the French, 1649. Came to Halifax and appointed a member of the Council. Governor of Nova Scotia, 1752; went to England, 1753. Raised to the rank of major general, 1757. Commanded an expedition against the French West India Islands, 1758; died before Guadaloupe, 1759. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; _Selections from the Public Documents of Nova Scotia_, ed. by Akins.