Chapter XVII: Part 17

=Mathews, Robert.= =Hd= English secretary to Haldimand, 245, 305; signs order for arrest of Du Calvet, 286; sails for England with Haldimand, 309; on Mrs. Fairchild, 314; Haldimand's interest in, 331; returns to Canada as aide-de-camp to Lord Dorchester, 332; sent to Detroit as lieutenant-governor, 332; receives bequest from Haldimand, 342.

=Maubec, Abbey of.= =L= Revenues of, assigned to bishopric of Quebec, 131, 132, 136, 137.

=Maupassant.= =F= Recollet father, Frontenac's confessor, 165.

=Maurelle, Francisco Antonio.= Sailed to the North-West Coast with Quadra in 1775, and again in 1779. Embodied the results of the explorations in several charts of the coast with explanatory text, which were published in Mexico and also in London. His journal of the 1775 expedition published in Barrington's _Miscellany_, 1781. Commanded the _Princessa_, 1781-1782, on a voyage from Manilla to San Bias. =Index=: =D= On North-West Coast, 15. =Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_; Bancroft, _History of the North-West Coast_.

=Maxwell, Colonel.= =W= Sent to frontier with troops in 1839, 135.

=May, Sir Humphrey= (1573-1630). Born in England. Educated at Oxford. In 1604 groom of the King's privy chamber; in 1618 surveyor of the Court of Wards, and chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster; and in 1625 privy councillor; in 1629 one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate a settlement in North American affairs between England and France. =Index=: =Ch= English commissioner in matter of Canada, 214. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=May, Sir Thomas Erskine.= _See_ Farnborough.

=Meade, George Gordon= (1815-1872). In 1865-1866 commanded the military division of the Atlantic, during which period prevented the Fenians from making Eastport, Maine, the base of operations against New Brunswick. =Index=: =T= Sent to check Fenians, 107. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Meares, John= (1756-1809). Born in England. Entered the navy, 1776, and served against the French until 1783. Entered the merchant service, 1783, and explored the coast of Alaska, 1786. Explored and surveyed the north-west coast of America, 1789. =Index=: =D= Winters 1786-1787 in Prince William Sound, 22; half his crew die of scurvy, 22; voyage of 1788, and his connection with "Nootka Affair," 26; at Canton, 1788, 27; expedition to North-West Coast, 27; at Nootka, 27; purchases land from Maquinna for fur-trading post, 27; builds _North-West America_, at Nootka,--first ship launched in what is now British Columbia, 28; explores coast southwards, 28; enters and examines Strait of Juan de Fuca, and takes possession for Great Britain, 28; sails for China, 28. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Medley, John= (1804-1892). Born in London, England. Graduated at Oxford, 1826; ordained priest, 1829; vicar of St. John's, Truro, 1831; of St. Thomas, Exeter, 1838, and prebendary of Exeter cathedral, 1842. Elected first bishop of Fredericton, New Brunswick, 1845; metropolitan of Canada, 1879. =Bib.=: Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_; Dent, _Can. Por._

=Meech, Lieutenant.= =WM= Makes reconnaissance of Island of Orleans, 92.

=Meilleur, Jean Baptiste= (1795-1878). Born in St. Laurent, near Montreal. Educated at the College of St. Sulpice, Montreal; studied law, and, later, medicine. Elected to the Assembly, 1834, and appointed superintendent of public instruction by Sir Charles Bagot, 1842. Held this position for fifteen years, during which time forty-five educational institutions were established. In 1862 appointed postmaster of Montreal. One of the founders of the College of L'Assomption. =Index=: =BL= Appointed superintendent of public instruction by Bagot, 115. =Bib.=: Bibaud, _Dict. Hist._ and _Pan. Can._

=Melbourne, William Lamb, second Viscount= (1779-1848). Born in London, England. Educated at Eton, Cambridge, and Glasgow. Entered Parliament, 1805; Irish secretary under Canning, 1827, and under Wellington, 1828; and in 1830-1834 home secretary under Grey; for a few months in 1834, prime minister. In 1835 again became prime minister and retained office for six years; from 1837 to 1841 acted as adviser to the young Queen Victoria. =Index=: =Sy= Becomes prime minister, 45; dismissed by the king, 45; recalled to power, 46; weakness of his government, 47; his estimate of Poulett Thomson, 6; resigns, 56; returns to office, 57; Cabinet reorganized, 57. =W= Negotiations _re_ New Brunswick crown lands, 37. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; _Letters of Queen Victoria_.

=Melville, Henry Dundas, first Viscount= (1742-1811). Sat for Midlothian, 1774-1790, and for Edinburgh, 1790-1802; home secretary, 1791-1794; secretary of war, 1794-1801; first lord of admiralty, 1804-1805. =Index=: =S= Secretary of state, thought Simcoe's educational schemes premature, 169. =Dr= Colonial secretary, disapproves of Dorchester's speech to Miami Indians, 283. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Melville, Henry Dundas, third Viscount= (1801-1876). Served through Rebellion of 1837. General, 1868. =Index=: =Mc= Defends Windmill Point, 443; accepts Van Schoultz's surrender, 444. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Membertou, Henry= (1510?-1611). Micmac sagamore; became a convert to Christianity in extreme old age. In 1604 De Monts and his band of colonists landed in Acadia, and the chief received them hospitably. Assisted the French against hostile Indians, and in 1607 with a force of Micmacs defeated the Armouchiquois Indians. In 1610 baptized, with his family and other Indians; and was counted a zealous son of the church. Is reputed to have been over a hundred years of age at his death. =Index=: =Ch= Aged Indian who claimed to have known Jacques Cartier, 36. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.

=Membre, Zenobius= (1645-1687). Born in France. The first novice in the Recollet province of St. Anthony. In 1675 came to Canada; in 1679 a member of La Salle's expedition to the West; and in 1682 accompanied La Salle on his voyage down the Mississippi. In 1684 again associated with La Salle on his second expedition to the mouth of the Mississippi. Killed at Fort St. Louis, in an Indian attack. =Index=: =L= Recollet missionary, 149, 150. =Bib.=: Parkman, _La Salle_.

=Menneval, Robineau de.= Governor of Acadia in 1689, with headquarters at Port Royal. In 1690 Port Royal was attacked by the English, and after vainly attempting to defend it, captured and sent as prisoner to England. =Index=: =F= Governor of Acadia, 272; surrenders to Phipps, 274; carried prisoner to Boston, 276; released, 277. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Mercier, Honore= (1840-1894). Born at Ste. Athanase, Quebec. Educated at the Jesuit College, Montreal. In 1865 called to the Quebec bar; and in 1872 elected to the Dominion Parliament for Rouville. In 1879 appointed solicitor-general in the Quebec provincial Assembly; and in 1883 elected member for St. Hyacinthe, and liberal leader in the House. In 1887 premier of Quebec and held office until Dec. 15, 1891, when the ministry was dismissed because of the Baie de Chaleur Railway scandal. Introduced the Jesuits' Estates Act in the Quebec Legislature. =Index=: =C= One of the founders of _Le Parti National_ and its organ _Le National_, 30; eulogizes the clergy, 30. =Md= Heads an agitation in favour of Riel, 243; incorporates the Society of Jesus, 286; introduces and passes the Jesuits' Estates Act in Quebec Legislature, 186, 287. =Bib.=: Legendre, _Honore Mercier_ in _Men of the Day_; Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_.

=Mercury.= Newspaper of Quebec, established, 1805. =Index=: =BL= Voices sentiments of dominant faction in Lower Canada, 20. =P= Antagonistic attitude to French-Canadians, 28; makes merry at expense of Papineau's followers, 122-123. =Bk= Editor of, forced to apologize to Legislative Assembly, 93; opinions expressed in, 93, 116.

=Meredith, Sir William Collis= (1812-1894). Born in Dublin, Ireland. Emigrated to Canada; in 1836 called to the bar of Montreal, and in 1844 appointed Q. C. From 1849 to 1859 a judge of the Superior Court for the province of Quebec; in 1859-1866 judge of the Queen's Bench; in 1866 chief justice of the Superior Court; retired in 1884. During Lord Elgin's administration as governor-general of Canada (1847-1854), one of the judges of the Seigniorial Court. In 1886 knighted. =Index=: =E= Member of Seigniorial Court, 187.

=Meredith, Sir William Ralph= (1840- ). Born in the county of Middlesex, Ontario. Educated at the London District Grammar School, and at the University of Toronto. Studied law, and called to the bar, 1861. Sat in the Ontario Assembly, 1872-1894; leader of the opposition, 1878-1894. Appointed chief justice of the Common Pleas Division of the High Court of Justice, 1894. Knighted, 1896. Chancellor of the University of Toronto. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Merritt, William Hamilton= (1793-1862). Born in Westchester County, New York. Came to Canada with his parents, 1796. Served during the war of 1812-1814; took part in the capture of Detroit and the battles of Queenston Heights, Stony Creek, and Lundy's Lane. The principal promoter of the Welland Canal, opened in 1830. In 1832 elected to the Legislative Assembly; and in 1845 projected the Niagara Falls suspension bridge. In 1848 president of the Council in the La Fontaine-Baldwin administration; in 1850 commissioner of public works; and in 1860 member of the Legislative Council. =Index=: =Bk= Commands troop of cavalry at Queenston Heights, 310. =E= Elected in 1848, 50; Welland Canal due to his enterprise, 97; a member of the La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 97. =Mc= President of Welland Canal, 265; sues Mackenzie for libel, 265. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Merritt, _Hon. W. H. Merritt_.

=Mesnard, Father.= =L= Death of, 11.

=Mesnu, Peuvret de.= =L= Clerk of the Sovereign Council, 158, 167.

=Mesplet, Fleury.= =Hd= Publisher of first books printed in Canada, 276; founder of Montreal _Gazette_, 276; publishes scurrilous sheet in French, and is arrested, 277. =S= Prints Simcoe's first proclamation, 80, 173.

=Metaberoutin.= _See_ St. Maurice River.

=Metcalfe, Charles Theophilus, Baron= (1785-1846). Born in Calcutta, India. Educated at Eton. Resident of Delhi, 1811-1820; in 1820-1827 resident of Hyderabad; and member of the Supreme Council of India, 1827. Provisional governor-general, 1835-1836; and lieutenant-governor of the North-West Provinces, 1836-1838; governor of Jamaica, 1839-1842. In 1843 appointed governor-general of Canada, and held the position until 1845. =Index=: =Sy= Did not believe that Sydenham was really in favour of responsible government, 312; his reactionary policy, 313. =C= On the union of 1841, 14-15; his high-handedness, 17; his political schemes, 18; constitutional battle with La Fontaine as to meaning of ministerial responsibility, 97. =R= Ryerson's defence of, 126, 129-130, 163; opposition to, 126-131; confers with Ryerson on popular education, 163. =B= Reasons for his selection as governor, 18-19; Hincks on, 18-19; rupture with his advisers, 19; his character and attitude towards responsible government, 19-20, 23, 24; defended by Ryerson, 22; wins elections, 26; leaves Canada, 27; his death, 27; Brown refuses to drink his health, 27-28. =H= His narrow views and arbitrary conduct, delays full development of responsible government, 55. =BL= The great political controversy during his administration, x; on responsible government, 138; his arrival in Kingston, reception, and appearance, 155; his character and views on representative government, 156-166; his birth, 158; difficulties of his position, 166-168; relations with Baldwin and La Fontaine, 169-176; 199-214; defended by Daly and MacNab, 214-215; forms provisional government, 216; defended by Wakefield, 219, 220; agitation of the Reform Association, 221-223; attacked by the _Globe_, 224, 225; public addresses, 226-228; supported by Stanley, the colonial secretary, in his quarrel with the Reformers, 230-234; and by Lord John Russell, Peel, and Buller, 234-235; attempts to form a Cabinet, 235-236; defended by Ryerson, 240-242; Sullivan's reply, 243-244; Ryerson's rejoinder, 245-246; forms Cabinet, 246-247; uses personal influence in elections, 1844, 249-250; wins the election, 250; elevation to peerage, 256-257; his recall, 263, 265; his illness and death, 265; succeeded by Cathcart, 265; his mistaken policy, 272, 274, 285; refuses La Fontaine's request for amnesty, 288, 291; and Baldwin's University Bill, 293; and the Indemnification Bill, 308; La Fontaine's reference to, in his farewell speech, 356. =E= Succeeds Bagot as governor-general, 32; his defects as governor, 32, 33, 39; comes into conflict with La Fontaine and Baldwin, 33-34; his views on patronage, 34-35; attempts to form a ministry, 35-36, 66, 119; and Ryerson, 36, 90; Kaye's views on, 36; raised to peerage, 37; his death, 37; Macaulay on, 37-38; Hincks on, 38; succeeded by Cathcart, 38; and the Rebellion Losses question, 64; rebels allowed to return from exile, 91. =Md= Succeeds Sir Charles Bagot as governor-general of Canada, 18; previous appointments, 18; disagrees with Baldwin and La Fontaine on question of patronage, 18, 19; difficulty in forming administration, 19; his high-handed policy, 20; carries on government with three ministers, 20; his administration sustained in general election, 21; resigns, 24; leaves Canada, 24, 25. =W= New Brunswick House of Assembly presents address to, 74; attacked by Wilmot and Fisher, 74; addresses from St. John and county of York, 74-75; his unconstitutional attitude, 75, 76. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Kaye, _Life and Correspondence of Lord Metcalfe_; Ryerson, _Story of my Life_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.

=Methodist Church in Canada.= Can be traced back to 1772, when a party of Yorkshire Methodists settled in Nova Scotia. The first provincial Methodist Conference was held at Halifax in 1786. In 1814 the British Conference appointed missionaries to Quebec and Montreal; and in 1807 the first Methodist Conference was held at Elizabethtown (Brockville). In 1828 the Canada Conference became independent of the Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States; and in 1833 the Canada Methodist Episcopal Church united with the British Wesleyans. In 1874 the Wesleyan Methodist Conference of Canada, the Canadian Wesleyan New Connexion Conference, and the Wesleyan Conference of Eastern British America became one as the Methodist Church of Canada. The first session of the General Conference was held the same year. In 1883 the Primitive Methodist Church and the Methodist Episcopal Church also became part of the Methodist Church in Canada. =Index=: =R= History of church in Canada, 38; without civil rights, 40; independent Canadian church established, 81; English Methodism in Canada, 87; Wesleyan missionaries, 89; Canadian bodies united, 287-288. =S= Bishop Mountain's low opinion of Methodist preachers in Upper Canada, 159; their earnest labours, 162-164. =Bib.=: Sanderson, _The First Century of Methodism in Canada_; Ryerson, _Canadian Methodism_; Carman, _Historical Sketch of Canadian Methodism_ in _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 2.

=Methye Portage.= Also known as Portage La Loche. Named after the methye or loche (_Lota maculosa_), which has always been abundant in neighbouring waters. This portage was an important point in the palmy days of the fur trade. It leads from the Churchill to the Clearwater, and so to the Athabaska and the immense systems of northern and western waterways that lie beyond. It was noted for its beautiful scenery, which has been described or mentioned by Mackenzie, Franklin, Back, and other northern travellers. It was first crossed by Peter Pond in 1778. The route has now been abandoned for some years, supplies for the northern posts of the Hudson's Bay Company being transported overland from Edmonton to Athabaska Landing, and thence down the Athabaska. =Bib.=: Burpee, _Search for the Western Sea_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Metiomegne.= =L= Algonquian chief, joins Dollard at Long Sault, 69.

=Metis.= =Md= Or Half-breeds, view with alarm the prospect of annexation of territories to Canada, 157; their complaints as to division of lands, 240; their sympathy with Riel, 243.

=Meulles, Chevalier Jacques de.= Intendant of New France, 1682-1686. The son of Francois Meulles, seignior of the forest of Montpensier, in Poitou; held the office of grand bailiff, or magistrate, of Orleans, before coming to Canada. Married a sister of Michel Begon, intendant of Rochefort, and father of Michel Begon, afterwards intendant of New France. =Index=: =F= Intendant, opposed to popular representation, 69; arrival of, 171; criticizes La Barre in despatches, 173, 174; on La Barre's expedition against Senecas, 188; recalled, 207; visits Acadia, and makes census, 271. =L= Succeeds Duchesneau as intendant, 68; incapable and conceited, 186; the king's instructions to, 186, =Bib.=: Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle-France_ (R. S. C., 1903); Parkman, _Frontenac_.

=Mexico.= =Ch= Visited and described by Champlain, 4.

=Mezy, Augustin de Saffray, Chevalier de.= Governor of New France from 1663 until his death in 1665. =Index=: =F= Appointed governor on Laval's recommendation, 48; quarrels with Laval, 50; death of, 50. =L= Governor, sides with traders on the liquor question, 10; succeeds D'Avaugour, 41; supports the bishop at first, and then quarrels with him, 51; death of, 51. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _Old Regime_.

=Miami Indians.= A tribe of the Algonquian family, belonging chiefly to what is now Wisconsin, where the French first came in contact with them in 1690. After 1700 many removed to Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and adjoining territory. In the colonial wars they fought indifferently on both sides. In 1812 they served under Tecumseh with the British against the Americans. =Index=: =Dr= Dorchester's speech to, 282. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.

=Miami River.= Rises in Hardin County, Ohio, and flowing south and south-west for about 150 miles, enters the Ohio River, twenty miles west of Cincinnati. =Index=: =S= General Wayne defeats Indians on, 139.

=Michel, Jacques.= =Ch= Huguenot, violent conduct of, towards Father Jean de Brebeuf, 201; his fate, 202.

=Michigan Territory.= =Bk= Ceded to Britain with surrender of Detroit, 255, 260.

=Michilimackinac.= A missionary station and fur-trading post, which stood on the straits between Lakes Huron and Michigan. The name was derived from an Algonquian tribe, the Mishinimaki, and in its original form meant "Place of the big wounded person." The name is now shortened to Mackinac. It was an important place throughout the period of French rule in Canada; and was the scene of the famous massacre of 1763, described by Alexander Henry, and by Parkman in his _Conspiracy of Pontiac_. =Index=: =Bk= Resort of fur traders, 53; United States fort, captured by Captain Roberts, 211. =S= Handed over to United States, 142. =MS= Migration of French to, from Detroit, 12. =Hd= Situation of, 145, 153; Sinclair in charge at, 158; an expensive fort to maintain, 161, 163; plan for settling Loyalists near, 259; Haldimand's determination regarding defence of, 260; surrender of, in 1796, 262. =Bib.=: Kelton, _Annals of Fort Mackinac_; Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.

=Micmac Indians.= An Algonquian tribe, called by the French, Souriquois. Their habitat was in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and northern New Brunswick. Visited by Cabot in 1497; and by Corte-Real in 1501. They were for a long time bitterly hostile to the British. In 1611 they numbered about 3000; and their population in 1884 was given as 4000. =Index=: =WM= Indian tribe, enemies of the English, 16; =H= Howe interests himself in their welfare, 245; his report on their condition, 246. =Bib.=: Biard, _Relation_, 1616; Rand, _Micmac Dictionary_; Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.

=Middleton, Sir Frederick Dobson= (1825-1898). Born in Belfast, Ireland. Educated at Sandhurst, and entered the army, 1842. Served in India during the mutiny, 1857-1858. In 1868 stationed in Canada; and in 1884 general in command of the militia of Canada. In 1885 commanded the Canadian troops during the Riel Rebellion, and, for his services in suppressing it, knighted and received a grant of $20,000. Appointed, 1896, keeper of the crown jewels in the Tower of London. _See_ Riel Rebellion, 1885. =Index=: =Md= Commands troops sent to quell Riel Rebellion, 242. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Denison, _Soldiering in Canada_.

=Milan Decree.= =Bk= Issued by Napoleon in 1808, 110; disastrous effects of, 110-111; 171, 172. =Bib.=: _Dict. Eng. Hist._

=Milbank Sound.= West coast of British Columbia, north of Queen Charlotte Sound, and south of Princess Royal Island. Named in 1788 by Captain Charles Duncan, of the _Princess Royal_, after Vice-admiral Mark Milbanke. =Index=: =D= Natives of, attack the _Atahualpa_, 1805, and kill the captain, mate, and six seamen, 37. =Bib.=: Walbran, _British Columbia Coast Names_.

=Militia and Defence.= =WM= Militia in Canada raised by conscription and receive no pay, 30; composition of military forces, 29-30; desertions, 119. =Dr= French-Canadian militia called out, 86; their unwillingness to serve, 87; their good behaviour at Quebec, 111, 124, 144; lose confidence in British regulars as result of American war, 242; strongly object to being enrolled, 278, 290; Militia Bill of 1777 disliked by _habitants_, 186. =Bk= Military roads in Upper Canada, 52; military posts in Upper Canada, 53-59; militia organization in Upper and Lower Canada, 190; Brock's commendation of militia in general order, 212. =S= Passage of Militia Act of Upper Canada, 91. =C= Militia reorganized after Trent affair, and again after Confederation, 87; Cartier's interest in, 87-88, 110. =E= Under French regime, 177-178; Elgin's views on colonial defence, 209-210. =B= Government defeated on Militia Bill of 1862, 142; its terms, 142; disappointment in England over, 142; question of defence one of forces leading towards Confederation, 142, 147, 181, 182; debate in House of Lords on Canadian defence, 181, 183-184; scheme of defence, 184-185, 186; improved militia system advocated by Canada First Association, 236. =Md= Bill defeated for better organization of, 88; militia organized, 151.

=Mill, John Stuart= (1806-1873). English philosopher. =Index=: =Sy= Sydenham's acquaintance with, 13. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Miller, James Andrew= (1839-1886). Born in Galt, Ontario. Called to the bar, 1863; judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba, 1880-1882; attorney-general of Manitoba, 1882-1885; prepared, along with Oliver Mowat, the special case on the boundaries of Ontario and Manitoba for submission to the Privy Council; registrar-general of titles of Manitoba, 1885.

=Miller, William.= =H= Anti-Confederationist, changes his views, and moves resolution authorizing Nova Scotia delegates to frame Confederation scheme in London, 179; brings action against Annand for libel, 188.

=Millet, Pierre= (1635-1708). Born at Bourges, France. Came to Canada, 1667; sent to the Onondaga mission the following year; and in 1672 to Oneida, where he remained until 1686, labouring with characteristic devotion among his savage flock. Met Denonville at Cataraqui in 1686, and, as a result of the governor's expedition against the Iroquois, unjustly suspected by the Oneidas of being implicated. Captured by a war-party at Cataraqui, in 1689, and carried back to Oneida as a prisoner. The Oneidas threatened to kill him, but he was finally released, and adopted into the tribe. Remained at Oneida until 1694, when he returned to Quebec, where he spent his latter years. =Index=: =F= Tortured by Oneida Indians, 216. =L= On the Christian character of Garakontie, 73. =Bib.=: Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_.

=Mills, David= (1831-1903). Born in the township of Orford, Kent County, Ontario. Educated at the University of Michigan. Taught school for several years; afterwards inspector of schools for Kent County until 1865. In 1867 entered the Dominion Parliament; and in 1876-1878 minister of the interior in Mackenzie administration. In 1883 called to the bar of Ontario; practised in London; and created Q. C., 1890. Appointed to the Senate, 1896; minister of justice in the Laurier administration, 1897; justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1901-1903. =Index=: =Md= On national policy, 224. =Bib.=: Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Milnes, Sir Robert Shore= (1746-1836). Born in England. Entered the army. In 1795 governor of the island of Martinique; in 1799 appointed lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada; and during the absence of Gen. Robert Prescott acting governor; retired, 1803. =Index=: =P= His governorship marked by bitter relations between French and English in Lower Canada, 27. =Bk= Lieutenant-governor of Lower Canada, 34, 45; distrusted French-Canadians, 47. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Minchin, George.= =W= Appointed to New Brunswick Council, 69.

=Minto, Gilbert John Murray Kynynmond Elliot, Earl= (1847- ). Educated at Eton and Cambridge, and entered the army, 1867. Served with the Turkish army, 1877; in the Afghan War, 1879; private secretary to Lord Roberts at the Cape, 1881; took part in the Egyptian campaign, 1882. Military secretary to the Marquis of Lansdowne when governor-general of Canada, 1883-1885; and in 1885 served through the Riel Rebellion as chief of staff to General Middleton. Governor-general of Canada, 1898-1904; viceroy of India, 1905-1910. =Index=: =Md= On Louis Riel, 240. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Miristou.= =Ch= Montagnais chief, 159.

=Miscou.= An island on the southern side of the entrance to the Baie de Chaleur. Name probably of Indian origin. First appears in Champlain's narrative. It was the reputed home of the Gougou, a very remarkable monster, described by Champlain. Cartier sighted the island in 1534, when sailing into the Baie de Chaleur. He named Miscou Point, Cap d'Esperance. A Basque establishment is mentioned here as early as 1623; and in 1645 Nicolas Denys built a fort about the same place, having secured a concession from the Company of Miscou. =Index=: =Ch= French habitation at, seized by Kirke, 177; Jesuit mission at, 234, 235. =Bib.=: Ganong, _Place-Nomenclature of New Brunswick_ (R. S. C., 1896); Denys, _Acadia_, ed. by Ganong; Dawson, _St. Lawrence Basin_.

=Mississagua Indians.= A tribe of Algonquian stock. They are named on Galinee's map of 1670 as occupying the north shore of Lake Huron, about the mouth of Thessalon River. Some were at the mission of Sault Ste. Marie, 1670-1673. After the great Iroquois raid of 1650, they scattered to the north country. A hundred years later, some of the tribe were found on the borders of Lake Ontario. They had been absorbed by the Iroquois in 1746. About seven hundred are now living on reservations in Ontario. =Index=: =Hd= Engage in ginseng trade, 148; lands purchased from, 265. =Bib.=: Chamberlain, _Notes on the History, Customs and Beliefs of the Mississaguas_; Pilling, _Bibliography of the Algonquian Languages; Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites.

=Mississagua Point.= =Bk= At entrance to Niagara River, lighthouse, dockyard, and a fort at, 58.

=Mississippi River.= Rises in northern Minnesota, its chief source being Itasca Lake, and enters the Gulf of Mexico, after a course of 2550 miles. It was discovered by the Spaniards, early in the sixteenth century. De Soto explored the lower part of the river, and died on its banks in 1541. Radisson was probably the first white man to see its upper waters, in 1659. Jean Nicolet reached Wisconsin River in 1634, but did not descend it to the Mississippi. Jolliet and Marquette in 1673 reached the Mississippi, and descended as far as the mouth of the Arkansas. In 1682 La Salle descended the river from the mouth of the Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico. Its headwaters were discovered by David Thompson, of the North West Company, in 1798. =Index=: =WM= Exploration of, 19. =L= Exploration of, 145; La Salle reaches mouth of, 150; taken possession of, in name of king of France, 151. =Hd= Proposed canal route to, 77. =Bib.=: Lippincott's _Gazetteer of the World_; Parkman, _La Salle_; Chambers, _The Mississippi River and its Wonderful Valley_.

=Mitchell, Peter= (1824-1899). Born in Newcastle, New Brunswick. Educated at the Newcastle Grammar School; called to the bar, 1848. Engaged in the lumbering and shipbuilding trades. Elected to the Assembly, 1856; appointed to the Legislative Council, 1860. Became a member of the government, 1858. A strong advocate of Confederation. Delegate to the Charlottetown, Quebec, and Westminster Conferences. Premier of New Brunswick, 1865. Called to the Senate, 1867. Entered the government of Sir John A. Macdonald as minister of marine and fisheries, 1867. Resigned from the Senate, 1874, and elected to the House of Commons. Defeated, 1878, but again elected, 1882; defeated at general election of 1896. Appointed inspector of fisheries for Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, 1897. For some years after 1885, proprietor and editor of the _Montreal Herald_. =Index=: =B= Forms government in New Brunswick favourable to Confederation, 188. =H= Accompanies Sir John Macdonald to Halifax in 1868, 210. =Md= Minister of marine and fisheries in first Dominion Cabinet, 135, 138; supports route along Gulf of St. Lawrence for Intercolonial Railway, 152-153. =T= Delegate to Quebec in Intercolonial Railway Conference, 56; attends Quebec Conference, 77; forms ministry in New Brunswick, 104-105; delegate to England _re_ Confederation, 140-141; in first Dominion ministry, 128, 129. =Bib.=: Works: _Notes of a Holiday Trip_; _Review of President Grant's Message Relative to Canadian Fisheries_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Moberley, Walter.= =D= Associated with Edgar Dewdney in building road from Hope to Similkameen, British Columbia, 252-253.

=Moffatt, George= (1787-1865). Born in England. Emigrated to Canada; and engaged in business in Montreal. Served during the War of 1812. In 1831 appointed to the Legislative Council of Lower Canada, being leader of the British party in that house and a member of the Constitutional Association. In 1841 elected for Montreal to the House of Assembly, and in 1844 re-elected, retiring 1847. President of the British American League, formed to oppose the annexation movement of 1849. =Index=: =Sy= Member of Constitutional Association, 112; delegated to promote union of provinces in Upper Canada, 112. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Mohawk Indians.= A tribe of the Iroquois confederacy. Their villages stood in the valley of the Mohawk River. From their position as the easternmost of the Iroquois tribes, they came first in contact with both the Dutch and English to the south and the French on the north. They took a leading part in most of the wars between the Iroquois and the French, as well as with other tribes. In the Revolutionary War they sided with the British; and afterwards removed to Canada, settling principally on Grand River, in the Niagara peninsula. _See also_ Iroquois. =Index=: =L= Tracy marches against, 53. =Ch= (Agniers), Iroquois tribe or nation, 50. =Dr= Join British forces, 88; easily depressed by reverses, 99; Caughnawagas desert at St. Johns, 100. =Hd= Loath at first to fight against the English colonists, 148; lands allotted to, on Grand River, 258; payment made to, for land, 259; education of, 265. =F= Attack Hurons on Island of Orleans, 41; Courcelles leads expedition against, 52; Tracy leads a second, 53; expedition against, 331. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_; Diefendorf, _The Historic Mohawk_.

=Mohier, Gervais.= =Ch= Recollet, returns to France, 208.

=Molson, John= (1787-1860). Born in Montreal. In 1837 a member of the Special Council of Lower Canada; served during the Rebellion; in 1849 as a protest against the passing of the Rebellion Losses Bill, signed, with others, the Annexation Manifesto, and was in consequence relieved of his commission as colonel of militia and justice of the peace. In partnership with his brother William founded, in 1853, the Molsons Bank. =Index=: =E= Signs Annexation Manifesto, 81. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Weir, _Sixty Years in Canada_.

=Monck, Sir Charles Stanley, fourth Viscount= (1819-1894). Born in Ireland. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin; and called to the Irish bar, 1841. Entered Parliament, 1852; lord of the treasury, 1855-1858. In 1861 appointed governor-general of Canada and British North America; in 1867 governor-general of the Dominion of Canada; in 1868 resigned office, after successfully inaugurating Confederation. In 1869 appointed a member of the Imperial Privy Council. =Index=: =B= Attempts to secure a ministry, 149; proposes coalition government, 151; his keen interest in the negotiations prior to Confederation, 157; writes George Brown urging him to join Cabinet, 157-158. =C= Enlists Tache in task of forming a Cabinet, on advice of Cartier, 68; correspondence in regard to Cartier's refusal of the C. B. decoration, 125-128. =Md= Governor-general of Canada, 90; induces Brown to enter coalition ministry, 121; calls on Macdonald to form a ministry, 122; impatient at delay in Confederation, 123, 124; charges Macdonald with formation of a government, 131; letter to, from Macdonald, in reference to election of 1872, 197. =T= Renders valuable assistance in Confederation scheme, 123; entrusts Macdonald with formation of ministry, 128. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_.

=Monckton, Robert= (1726-1782). Born in England. Served in Flanders, 1742; sent to Nova Scotia, 1752, and appointed lieutenant-governor of Annapolis Royal, 1754. In 1755 captured several French forts; in 1759 brigadier-general, and served under Wolfe at the siege of Quebec, where he was wounded. In 1761 promoted major-general, and made governor of New York. In 1762 co-operated with Rodney in the expedition which resulted in the capture of Martinique, Grenada, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent. =Index=: =WM= Brigadier under Wolfe, character of, 74; occupies village of Beaumont, 100; commands British left in battle of Montmorency, 134, 140, 142; moves up the river with his command to join fleet, 161; at St. Nicholas, 165; Wolfe's bequest to, 175; commands British right in battle of Plains, 189; wounded, 189. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Campbell, _History of Quebec_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_.

=Mondelet, Charles Joseph Elzear= (1801-1877). Born in St. Charles, Quebec. Educated at Nicolet and Montreal. In 1822 called to the bar of Lower Canada; practised at Three Rivers and Montreal. Arrested in 1828 and 1838 for political offences, but never brought to trial. In 1842 district judge for Terrebonne, L'Assomption, and Berthier; in 1844 circuit judge at Montreal; and judge of the Superior Court, 1849; appointed judge of the Seigniorial Court, 1855, and in 1858 assistant judge in Appeals, Court of Queen's Bench. =Index=: =E= Member of Seigniorial Court, 187. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Mondelet, Dominique.= =P= Called to the Council, 72; expelled from Lower Canada Assembly, 72.

=Monk, James.= =Dr= Attorney-general, his account of state of feeling among French Canadians, 278.

=Monmouth.= =S= Battle of, Simcoe at, 26; description of, 26-29.

=Monro, Lieutenant-Colonel.= =WM= In command of Fort William Henry, 45; despatch to, from Webb, intercepted by French, 46. =Bib.=: Bradley, _The Fight with France_.

=Monroe, James= (1758-1831). Fifth president of the United States. =Index=: =Bk= United States representative in England, presents claims on account of _Chesapeake_ matter, 84; United States secretary of state, purchases the John Henry letters, 187. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Monsabre, Father.= =L= On Laval University, 99.

=Monseignat.= =F= Frontenac's secretary, 260, 297.

=Montagnais Indians.= A tribe of Algonquian stock. Occupied the Saguenay country in 1608, when Champlain visited Tadoussac, and acted as intermediaries between the French and the tribes of the far north. They defeated a party of Iroquois in 1610, with Champlain's assistance; but paid bitterly for their success in later years, when the warriors of the Five Nations hunted them relentlessly throughout all the region of their northern fastnesses. In 1633 the Jesuits first established missions among them, and laboured diligently for many years among this most degraded of the Algonquian tribes. They are described in modern narratives of exploration and travel in northern Quebec and Labrador. =Index=: =Ch= Induced to cultivate land near Quebec, 159; allies of the French, 162, 163; murders committed by, 164; give Champlain three young girls to be educated, 165. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_ and _Jesuits in North America_; Pilling, _Bibliography of Algonquian Languages_; Comeau, _Life and Sport on the North Shore of the Lower St. Lawrence and Gulf_; Low, _Report on Labrador_ (Geol. Survey, 1895).

=Montagne, Perche, France.= =Ch= Colonists from, 252.

=Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley= (1689-1762). =WM= On death of Wolfe, 239. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Montbeillard.= =WM= Receives note from Bougainville, 162; his letter to Bougainville, 178.

=Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de= (1712-1759). =WM= Seigneur de Saint Veran, his appointment as commander-in-chief in New France, 1; his friendship with Chevalier de Levis, 3; birth and descent of, 3; education, 4; enters the army, 4; returns to Candiac, his birthplace, 5; his marriage, 5; colonel of Auxerrois Regiment, 6; promoted to be brigadier, 7; major-general with command of troops in North America, 7; character of, 11; his expedition sails from Brest, 12; lands at Cap Tourmente, 12; greatly interested in Quebec, 15; goes to Montreal to meet Vaudreuil, 27; king's instructions made him subordinate to Vaudreuil, 28; places troops of Fort Carillon under charge of Levis, 32; goes to Fort Frontenac, 34; captures Oswego, 34; erects a cross in commemoration of the event, 35; calls a general assembly of the Indian warriors, 40-42; vainly endeavours to arrest massacre at Fort William Henry, 50; destroys the fort, 51; reports to home government destitute condition of country and army, 53; his victory at Fort Carillon, 54-61; erects cross with Latin inscription, 61; inveterate hatred between him and Vaudreuil, 62; returning to Quebec, finds nothing in readiness, 79; summons meeting of naval men, 80; speaks of Vaudreuil as playing the general, 83; promoted to rank of lieutenant-general, 84; sarcastic entries in his journal, 87; makes manor of De Salaberry at Beauport his headquarters, 94; his military prudence, 96; little confidence in fireships, 98; prepares for an attack on Beauport side, 104; consults Levis as to concentration of their forces, 106; not anxious to dislodge British from left bank of Montmorency, 119; gains battle at the Montmorency River, 138-141; accuses English of scalping, 150; despondent, 151; letter to Bourlamaque, 157; rearranges his forces, 159; thought cliff above Quebec inaccessible, 160; writes to Levis expressing desire to have him near, 165; despondent but determined to hold out, 173; completely deceived by feint made by British at Beauport, 174; his anxiety respecting boats bringing provisions, 175; learns that the British have gained the heights, 187, 188; sends forward troops and immediately follows, 188; orders all remaining troops forward, 190; disregards Vaudreuil's request not to precipitate engagement, 193; his action severely criticized, 193, 194; encourages his troops, 196; mortally wounded, 201; consulted by Vaudreuil as to best course to pursue, 212; carried into house of Dr. Arnoux, 218; his message to Townshend, 219; death and burial, 220, 221; forgotten in France, remembered and honoured in Canada, 239. =P= Causes of his defeat at Quebec, 143. =Hd= At Carillon, 18; unable to take advantage of victory there, 22; destroys fort at Oswego, 25; a forged letter of, 49; his memory green with Canadians, 122; referred to in D'Estaing's appeal, 123. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_; Wood, _The Fight for Canada_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _The Fight with France_; Bonnechose, _Montcalm et le Canada Francais_; Casgrain, _Montcalm et Levis_; Martin, _Le Marquis de Montcalm_; Guerin, _Montcalm_; _Manuscrits de Levis_, ed. by Casgrain, vols. 6 and 7.

=Monteagle, Thomas Spring-Rice, Baron= (1790-1866). British statesman. =Index=: =Sy= Chancellor of the Exchequer, 55, 56; elevated to the peerage as Lord Monteagle, 57. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Montgomery, John=. =W= Becomes member of New Brunswick government, 72. =T= Surveyor-general, 41.

=Montgomery, John= (1783-1879). Born in Gagetown, New Brunswick. Accompanied his father to York about 1799, where he settled. Served with the York Volunteers during the War of 1812-1814. An active supporter of the Reform party in Upper Canada. At outbreak of Rebellion of 1837 was a boarder at the tavern, of which he was owner, on Yonge Street, Toronto. Charged with treason and arrested; imprisoned at Fort Henry, but escaped to the United States. After the passing of the Amnesty Act, returned to Canada and appointed postmaster at Davidtown. =Index=: =Mc= Banished, 437; escapes from Fort Henry, 437; president of Association of Canadian Refugees, 448. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.

=Montgomery, Richard= (1736-1775). Born in Ireland. Entered the British army, 1754, and in 1757 stationed at Halifax, Nova Scotia; served under Wolfe at the siege of Louisbourg, and in 1759 in command of the force that captured the French forts on Lake Champlain; in 1760 took part in the campaign against Montreal; in 1775 joined the American revolutionists; made brigadier-general, and in command of expedition to Canada; after reducing the fortresses of St. Johns and Chambly, and capturing Montreal, laid siege to Quebec, and on a final and unsuccessful attack on Dec. 31, 1775, mortally wounded. =Index=: =Dr= Commands American force on Lake Champlain, 96; his previous service in British army, 97; captures fort at St. Johns, 102; greatly assisted by boats captured from Carleton, 114; describes difficulty of taking Quebec, 115; joins Arnold at Pointe-aux-Trembles, 116; his summons and warning to Carleton, 118; despondent, 123; attacks Quebec, 125; his death, 126; his body recovered from snow and buried, 132. =Hd= Captures Montreal, 111; death of, 112; inhabitants neutral during attack of, 127. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Smith, _Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony_; Jones, _The Campaign for the Conquest of Canada in 1776_.

=Montigny, Abbe de.= =L= Title borne by Laval in his youth, 7, 19.

=Montigny-sur-Avre.= =L= Birthplace of Laval, 17.

=Montmagny, Charles Jacques Hualt de.= Came to Canada as governor, 1636. Strongly opposed the settlement at Montreal, 1641-1642, but finding Maisonneuve determined, accompanied him from Quebec, and gave his official countenance to the founding of the new town; in 1642 built a fort at the mouth of the Richelieu, where Sorel now stands, to check the inroads of the Iroquois; three years later arranged a treaty of peace with these troublesome neighbours; returned to France in 1648; and died there shortly afterwards. =Index=: =Ch= Restored Fort St. Louis, and named it Chateau St. Louis, 158. =F= Second governor of Canada, 27; retirement of, 35. =L= His pious administration, 8. =Bib.=: _Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites; Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_; Charlevoix, _History of New France_.

=Montmorency.= Seven miles below Quebec. =Index=: =WM= British establish themselves on left bank of river, 112; unsuccessful attack by British on French position, 135-141; British loss in battle at, 142; French loss, 143; victory raises morale of French army, 145; the British evacuate their position, 158.

=Montmorency Family.= =L= Great distinction of, 16; motto of, 18. _See also_ Laval.

=Montmorency, Henri, Duc de= (1595-1632). In 1620 purchased the viceroyalty of New France from the Comte de Soissons, his brother-in-law, and retained Champlain as his lieutenant; in 1624 conveyed his rights as viceroy to Henri de Levi, Duc de Ventadour; served at the sieges of Montaubon and Montpellier, and in 1625 captured the islands of Re and Oleron. Having taken part in the rebellion of Gaston of Orleans against Louis XIII in 1632, was arrested and executed. =Index=: =Ch= Becomes viceroy of New France, 129; his administration causes dissatisfaction, 130; his letter to Champlain, 130; resigns position of viceroy, 151; executed for treason, 215. =F= Becomes lieutenant for Canada, 17; executed for revolt, 22. =L= Executed, 18. =Bib.=: Charlevoix, _History of New France_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.

=Montmorency, Mathieu.= =L= Ancestor of Laval, 17.

=Montmorency House.= Below Quebec. =Index=: =Hd= Residence of Haldimand, 301; occupied later by Prince William Henry and the Duke of Kent, 345.

=Montpensier, Mlle. de.= =F= Mme. Frontenac's relations with, 63.

=Montreal.= Founded May 17, 1642, by Chomedy de Maisonneuve. Champlain had selected the site thirty-one years before, as adapted to a settlement. With Maisonneuve, at the historic ceremony which gave birth to the future city of Canada, were Montmagny, governor of Quebec, Vimont, superior of the Jesuits, Madame de la Peltrie, and Mademoiselle Mance. Several years later another heroic woman, Marguerite Bourgeoys, joined the builders of the infant town. In 1653 colonization began in earnest, and in 1667 Montreal counted a population of 766. Its later history has been largely one of material progress. =Index=: =Hd= Levis at, 34; Amherst prepares to capture, 36, 37; surrender of, 38; Haldimand takes possession of, 39; Gage at, 40; under martial law, 41; Haldimand improves roads to, 45, 46; change of command at, 53; enlistment of French-Canadians in, 55-56; difficulties of government, 60; Tryon at, 91; surrenders to rebels, 111; trade with upper lakes, 124, 140; rebel spies in, 130, 274, 278; Sulpician priests deported from, 181; Haldimand visits, 186; rebel prisoners at, 187, 250; census taken, 190; postal service in, 193; its people present loyal addresses, 225; schools of, 233, 235, 236; North West Company formed at, 261; Indians in, 266; first printing press in, 276; the Riedesels at, 300; MacLean at, 306; old burying-ground in, 345. =T= Transaction connected with its bonds causes defeat of Tache government, 69. =L= Church erected at, 84; foundation stone laid by De Courcelles, 88; completion of edifice, 89; description of, 89. =F= Hotel Dieu established by Mlle. Mance, 29; beginnings of, 33; settlement in danger of extinction, 38; population in 1666, 56; Frontenac's arrival at, on his way to Cataraqui, 76; description of, 77; expedition from Albany against, 268; great rejoicings at, on arrival of trading canoes from the lakes, 324. =E= Public reception to Elgin, 41; riots at, in opposition to Rebellion Losses Bill, 73-74, 77, 78, 79; ceases to be seat of government, 78; Elgin's reference to, in his farewell address, 204. =B= Election methods in 1844, 25. =Dr= British residents of, dissatisfied with Quebec Act, 79; king's bust at, disfigured, 82; British at, with few exceptions, refuse to serve against Americans, 88; gaiety in, during winter of 1776-1777, 162. =BL= Sir Charles Bagot's public reception there, 118; Sydenham's gerrymander, 146; original boundaries restored, 146; aspires to be chosen as capital, 181; its population, etc., in 1843, 181; Dr. Tache on, 181; opposition in Upper Canada to its selection as capital, 182-183; resolution carried recommending it for capital, 182-183; MacNab's and Draper's opposition, 183; gerrymandered by government, 1844, and elects two supporters of government, 252; becomes capital, 254; address of welcome to Elgin, 275; returns La Fontaine in elections of 1848, 279; riots in, over Rebellion Losses Bill, 305, 322-325. =Sy= Charter of, reestablished, 255; change in electoral limits of, 285; two members assigned to, 285. =Bk= Description and early history of, 99, 100; centre of fur trade, 100. =Md= Ceases to be seat of government after the riots, 28, 29; issues Annexation Manifesto in 1849, 39, 40. =S= The entrepot between Britain and Upper Canada, 109. =C= Cartier warns people of the importance to city's welfare of means of transportation, 47; urged as terminus of Canadian Pacific Railway, 52. _See also_ Ville Marie; Mount Royal. =Bib.=: Dollier de Casson, _Histoire du Montreal, 1640-1672_; Morin, _Le vieux Montreal_; McLennan, _Anciens Montrealais_ ("Canada Francais," vol. 3); Bosworth, _Hochelaga Depicta_; Sandham, _Ville-Marie_; Warburton, _Hochelaga_; Leblond de Brumath, _Histoire Populaire de Montreal_; Lighthall, _Montreal after Two Hundred and Fifty Years_; McLennan, _Montreal, 1642-1842_, and Dawson, _Montreal, 1842-1892_ in the _Semi-centennial Report of the Montreal Board of Trade_. _See also_ under Maisonneuve; Jean-Jacques Olier; Marguerite Bourgeoys; Mademoiselle Mance; Jeanne Le Ber; Madame d'Youville; and in publications of the Soc. Hist. de Montreal, Quebec Literary and Historical Society, and Royal Society of Canada. Contemporary descriptions are found in narratives of Kalm, Lambert, and Landmann.

=Montreal, Island of.= =Dr= Limit of French settlement, 8; governorship of, abolished, 21. =L= Consecrated to the Virgin Mary, 8, 85; granted to the Sulpicians, 108.

=Montreal Company.= Founded at Montreal, 1784, in opposition to the North West Company. Two Montreal merchants, John Gregory and Alexander Norman McLeod, formed a partnership with Peter Pond and Peter Pangman, western fur traders. Alexander Mackenzie joined the Company, and much of its success was due to his energy and resourcefulness. His cousin, Roderick Mackenzie, was also in its service. Keen rivalry resulted between the two companies, finally culminating in a tragedy; in the Athabaska department, Pond, who had deserted to the North West Company, quarrelled with his rival, Ross, and in the scuffle Ross was fatally shot. This serious news being brought down to the headquarters at Grand Portage, a conference was held, resulting in the union of the Companies in 1788. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_; Willson, _The Great Company_. _See also_ North West Company; X Y Company.

=Montresor.= =Dr= His survey of route through Maine, 106.

=Montreuil, Chevalier de.= Served during the French campaigns in America from 1754 to 1758 as adjutant-general, and during the siege of Quebec in 1759 took part in the battle of the Plains and the battle of Ste. Foy, with the rank of major-general. =Index=: =WM= Advances Guienne regiment to meet British, 188; his views in council of war, 195. =Bib.=: Doughty, _Siege of Quebec_.

=Monts, Pierre du Guast, Comte de= (1560-1611). In 1603 became head of the Company formed by Champlain to plant colonies in New France, and to which a monopoly of the fur trade had been granted by the king. Had made the voyage to Tadoussac with Pont-Grave in 1603, and had conceived no very high opinion of the St. Lawrence as a field for colonization; it was therefore decided to direct the operations of the Company to Acadia. In 1604, with Champlain, sailed to Acadia, explored the Bay of Fundy, and discovered Annapolis Basin and the St. John River; settlements were established at Ste. Croix Island and Port Royal; in 1606 returned to France; and the following year sent Champlain and Pont-Grave on an expedition to the St. Lawrence. =Index=: =F= Ten years trading patent, with position of lieutenant-general granted to, 5; conducts expedition to Acadia, 6; patent cancelled but renewed for one year, 7; sails for Quebec, 8; resigns lieutenancy, 12. =Ch= Commissioned as lieutenant-general in Acadia, 17; forms Company and obtains ten years' privilege of exclusive trading, 18; is joined by Champlain, 19; occupies Ste. Croix Island, 21; decides to abandon it, 25; transfers post to Port Royal, 31; returns to France, 32; obtains monopoly of fur trade for one year and sends Champlain to Quebec as his lieutenant, 39; encouraged by Champlain's report, decides to extend operations, 56; his commission not renewed, 56; serious loss incurred by, 64; present at Champlain's marriage, 66; his Company dissolved, 71; applies to the king (Louis XIII) for assistance, but without success, 71; signs agreement on behalf of Company, 127; his Company abolished, 132. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_. _See also_ Champlain.

=Moodie, Colonel.= =Mc= Shot at Montgomery's hotel, 365. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_; Read, _Rebellion of 1837_.

=Moodie, Susanna= (1803-1885). Born in England. Daughter of Thomas Strickland, and sister of Agnes Strickland and Katherine Parr Traill. In 1832 emigrated to Canada with her husband, John Wedderbar Dunbar Moodie, and settled in the forest near the present city of Peterborough. In 1839 her home was in Belleville, and later in Toronto. Published numerous works of fiction and poetry. =Bib.=: Works: _Roughing it in the Bush_; _Life in the Clearings_. For full list of her writings, _see_ Morgan, _Bib. Can._ For biog., _see_ McMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.

=Moody, Richard Clement= (1813-1887). Born in the Barbados, West Indies. Entered Woolwich Military Academy, 1827; first lieutenant, 1835; and professor of fortifications, 1838. In 1841 governor of the Falkland Islands; promoted lieutenant-colonel, 1858; appointed chief commissioner of lands and works in British Columbia, 1858. Founded New Westminster, the former capital, and built a number of roads and other public works. In 1863 returned to England. Promoted major-general, 1866. =Index=: =D= In charge of lands and works in British Columbia, 1858, 235-237; arrives, 246-247; reports in favour of site of New Westminster as capital of British Columbia, 247; proposes Queensborough as name of capital, 247; returns to England, 1863, 254. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Begg, _History of British Columbia_.

=Moravian Indians.= =Hd= Massacre of, by Americans after conclusion of peace, 171.

=Moreau, M.= =Ch= On the settlement at Ste. Croix, 25. =Bib.=: _Histoire de l'Acadie Francaise, 1598-1755_.

=Morel.= =Ch= Captain of vessel in which Champlain returned to Canada in 1617, 112.

=Morel, Thomas.= Arrived at Quebec in August, 1661; appointed first cure of Chateau Richer and attached as mission priest to the Seminary at Quebec; spent several years in missionary work among the Indian tribes. =Index=: =L= Director of Seminary, 55; chaplain of Beaupre, 101; arrested, 163; released, 164; death of, 219.

=Morel de la Durantaye, Olivier= (1641-1717). Born at Notre-Dame de Gaure, in the diocese of Nantes. Entered the army, and obtained a lieutenancy in the regiment of Chambelle, afterwards being promoted to the rank of captain in the regiment of Carignan; came to Canada, 1665, and was with La Motte the following year at Fort Ste. Anne; sailed for France, and returned in 1670; granted the seigniory of Bellechasse, and that of La Durantaye; served as an officer of the garrison at Quebec; and took part in the expeditions against the Iroquois in 1684 and 1687, and again in 1696; named a member of the Superior Council in 1701, and granted a pension of six hundred francs. =Index=: =F= Post commander, ordered to rendezvous at Niagara, 181; captures English canoes on the way, 210; reports critical situation among lake tribes, 240; reinforced, 241. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_.

=Morgan, Daniel= (1736?-1802). Served in the Indian and French wars. Took the colonial side in the Revolution; marched with Arnold to Quebec; captured in an assault on one of the batteries, 1776, and released on parole. Subsequently served under Washington against Burgoyne, and defeated Tarleton at Cowpens. =Index=: =Dr= Leader of Virginia Mountaineers in attack on Quebec, 128. =Bib.=: Graham, _Life of Daniel Morgan_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Morgan, Maurice.= =Dr= Sent to Canada to study legal situation, 43, 51; returns to England, 56; Carleton's private secretary, 203.

=Morin.= =L= Describes church at Montreal, 89.