Chapter VII: Part 7

=Cree Indians.= An important Algonquian tribe, formerly ranging throughout what are now the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, and north-eastwards to Hudson Bay. First mentioned in Jesuit _Relations_, 1640, 1661, and 1667, and in the early journals of the Hudson's Bay Company. They formed an alliance with the Assiniboines, formerly of Siouan stock, and carried their raids against hostile tribes westwards to the Rocky Mountains, and north to the Mackenzie River. In 1776 they numbered about 15,000, but were reduced by smallpox in 1786, and again in 1838. By the end of the nineteenth century they had again regained their former numbers. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_; Harmon, _Journal_; Mackenzie, _Voyages_.

=Creek Indians.= A confederacy of the Muskhogean family. Known to the English as occupying what are now the states of Alabama and Florida. First visited by the Spaniards, under De Soto, in 1540. As a result of the Creek War, in 1813-1814, they were removed by the American government to Indian Territory, between 1835 and 1840. =Index=: =Hd= War with, 69; character of, 70; their raids in Georgia, 91; Gage's opinion of, 98. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.

=Creighton, John= (1794-1878). Born in Nova Scotia. Called to the bar, 1816, and created Q. C. by royal warrant, 1845. Sat in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, 1830-1850. Called to the Legislative Council, 1859, and elected Speaker, 1875.

=Cremazie, Octave= (1827-1879). His life a peculiarly sad one. Having made a failure of his business as a bookseller in Quebec, went to France, and died there in poverty. One of the founders of the _Institut Canadien_ of Quebec; and contributed for some years to the _Soirees Canadiennes_ and other periodicals. His poetical works published, 1882, under the patronage of the _Institut Canadien_, with an introduction by Abbe Casgrain. =Bib.=: _[OE]uvres Completes_, Montreal, 1882. For biog., _see_ Casgrain, _Biog._; Gagnon, _Quelques Notes sur O. Cremazie_ in _Revue Canadienne_, vol. 49; also articles in same review by Abbe Casgrain (vol. 31); and by Abbe Degagne (vol. 30).

=Crillon, Count Edward de.= =Bk= His connection with the John Henry letters, 186, 187; discovered to be an impostor, 188.

=Criminal Law of England.= =Dr= Established by Quebec Act, 64. =BL= Amendments of 1841 to reduce its severity, 99.

=Crisacy, Marquis Antoine de.= =F= Conducts expedition for restoration of Fort Frontenac, 341.

=Crooks, Adam= (1827-1885). Son of James Crooks; born at West Flamboro, Ontario. Educated at Upper Canada College and the University of Toronto. Called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1851. Contested West Toronto for the Assembly, 1867, but defeated; elected, 1871; defeated in East Toronto, 1875, but shortly afterwards elected for South Oxford. Attorney-general, 1871-1872; provincial treasurer, 1872-1877, to which was added in 1876 the portfolio of education; minister of education, 1877-1883. Retired on account of ill-health. Died in Hartford, Conn. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._

=Crooks, James= (1778-1860). Born in Scotland. Came to Canada, 1794, and settled at Niagara. Engaged in mercantile life. Commanded a company of militia during the War of 1812-1814. Shortly after the close of the war removed to West Flamboro. Helped in the suppression of the Rebellion of 1837. For twenty-five years a member of the Legislative Councils of Upper Canada and Canada. Died in West Flamboro. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_.

=Crosby, Thomas=. =D= Methodist missionary--arrives, 1862, 270; opens school at Nanaimo, 1863, 270; removes to Port Simpson, 1876, 270.

=Crown Point.= West side of Lake Champlain. Fort Frederic was built here in 1731; rebuilt, 1734; and strengthened, 1742. It was blown up by Bourlamaque, 1759, to prevent its falling into the hands of the British; and the same year Amherst built a fort about two hundred yards west of the site of Fort Frederic. This fort was captured, 1775, by Ethan Allen's men; recaptured by Carleton the following year. Under the terms of the treaty of Paris, 1783, Crown Point became American territory. _See_ Arnold; Allen; Abercrombie; Montgomery. =Index=: =Dr= Seized by Americans, 82; Arnold in his retreat burns houses at, 156. =Hd= Haldimand commands battalion of Abercrombie's expedition by way of, 17; fort built by Amherst at, 28; Haldimand asks that pay be allowed for, 90; vessels cruise up the lake to, 125; settlements near, to be destroyed, 137; St. Leger sent to occupy, 211. =Bib.=: Crockett, _History of Lake Champlain_; Smith, _Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony_; Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_.

=Crow's Nest Pass.= Discovered in the latter sixties by a trapper, Michael Phillips, formerly in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company. The pass took its name from Crow's Nest Mountain, which is named Loge des Corbeaux on one of the maps accompanying Palliser's Report, 1859. The original Cree name, of which these are translations, is Kah-ka-ioo-wut-tshis-tun. =Bib.=: Dawson, _Crow's Nest Pass_ (Geol. Survey, 1885); McTavish, _The Climb of Crow's Nest Mountain_ in _Canadian Alpine Journal_, 1907.

=Cudlip, John W.= =T= Anti-Confederate candidate in St. John County, 85; defeated in St. John County, 109.

=Cumberland, Richard= (1732-1811). English dramatist. =Index=: =Hd= Asked to select books for the Quebec library, 191. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of= (1721-1765). Second son of George II. Commanded British armies in Flanders and Hanover. =Index=: =Hd= Interested in raising Swiss and German regiment in America, 9.

=Cumberland House.= Hudson's Bay Company post. =Index=: =MS= Built by Samuel Hearne, on Pine Island Lake, or Sturgeon Lake, in 1774, 4; rival establishment of Montreal traders, 4.

=Cunard, Sir Samuel= (1787-1865). Born in Halifax. His practical training fitted him for the important role he was to fill in the evolution of ocean shipping. Watched closely the early attempts to cross the Atlantic by steam, and when in 1838 the British government invited tenders for carrying the mails between Liverpool, Halifax, and Boston, immediately sailed for England and laid before the Admiralty his carefully-matured plans for a line of steamships. Succeeded in enlisting the support of several big shipping firms in England, and had no difficulty in securing the contract. So originated the Cunard company, which from an initial fleet of four vessels of 1200 tons each and 440 horse-power has grown to its present gigantic proportions. Was one of the owners of the _Royal William_ (_q.v._). Made a baronet, 1859. =Index=: =H= Establishes steamship line between Halifax and Great Britain, 234; makes New York western terminal of his line, 234. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Johnson, _First Things in Canada_, under _Steam Communication_.

=Cuoq, Jean-Andre= (1821-1901). Entered the Sulpician order in 1843, and came to Canada two years later. Devoted his life to a minute study of the languages of the Algonquian and Iroquois tribes, and became one of the leading authorities on the subject. =Bib.=: Works; _Jugement Errone de M. Ernest Renan sur Quelques Langues Sauvages de l'Amerique_; _Livre des Sept Nations_; _Etudes Philolgiques sur Quelques Langues Sauvages de l'Amerique_; _Lexique de la Langue Iroquoise_; _Lexique de la Langue Algonquine, Anotc-Kekon._ For biog., _see Trans._ R. S. C., 1902, I, 127-128; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Curacies, permanent= (_cures fixes_). =F= Question of, 165, 190.

=Currency.= The British authorities passed an ordinance in 1764 by which the French Louis d'or and crown were kept in circulation. First step for a revision of the currency was taken, 1795, when an Act was passed fixing standard of values. So-called "army bills" were issued and used between 1812 and 1820. In 1871 an Act was passed by the Dominion Parliament establishing a uniform currency. =Index=: =E= Decimal system introduced by La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 86, =L= In New France, 123. =S= Act respecting, in Upper Canada, 94-95; insufficient supply of, a great drawback, 111. =Bib.=: Johnson, _First Things in Canada_; Weir, _Sixty Years in Canada_.

=Curry, Thomas.= One of the first fur traders from Montreal to reach the Saskatchewan, about 1771. Preceded by James Finlay (_q.v._). =Index=: =MS= Leaves Montreal for western fur country, 3. =Bib.=: Mackenzie, _General History of the Fur Trade_ in his _Voyages to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans_; Burpee, _Hendry's Journal_ (R. S. C., 1907); _Cocking's Journal_ (R. S. C., 1908).

=Customs.= =S= Arrangement with Lower Canada respecting revenue of, 93. =W= Maintained in New Brunswick by British government, 16; changes in system, 16-18.

=Cuthbert, James Ross.= =Bk= Of Berthier, forms a volunteer company, from inhabitants of his seigniory, 95; an intimate friend of Brock, 95; his zeal appreciated by Sir James Craig, 96. =Sy= Member of Special Council, opposes union of the Canadas, 193. =BL= Supports Papineau and popular party, 20. =P= Seignior of Berthier--supports Papineau in his opposition to proposed union of the Canadas in 1822, 46. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Cuvillier, Augustin.= Entered public life in 1815 as member for Huntingdon, which he represented almost continuously up to 1844. Speaker of Assembly, 1841-1844. Died, 1849. =Index=: =BL= Nominated by Reformers as Speaker of Legislature, 1841, 86; member for Huntingdon, 86; his political views, 86; carries petition to Imperial government, 86; votes against "Ninety-Two Resolutions," 86; government inclined to accept his nomination, but tactics of Reformers make this impossible, 87; elected Speaker, 88. =P= Delegate to England to present grievances of French-Canadians, 63; withdraws his support of Papineau, 86; loses his seat in Assembly, 102. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Dablon, Claude= (1619-1697). Born at Dieppe. Educated at Paris and La Fleche; joined Canadian mission, 1655; accompanied Chaumonot to Onondaga territory, where he remained for three years; then returned to Quebec and remained till 1661, when sent on a mission to Cree tribes in district of Hudson Bay. In 1668 went with Marquette to Algonquian tribes of Lake Superior. In 1770 named superior of Canadian missions and rector of College at Quebec, but did not reach the St. Lawrence till following year; held these positions until August, 1680, and from October, 1686, to 1693. Edited the _Relations_ of 1671 and 1672 and compiled others relating to 1673-1679. Died at Quebec. =Index=: =L= One of the founders of the mission at Sault Ste. Marie, 11; dies of plague, 62; accompanies mission to Gannentaha, 65; describes Laval's visit to Prairie de la Madeleine, 74; quoted as to extent of Jesuit missions, 103; laments absence of Laval, 140. =Bib.=: _Jesuit Relations_, ed. by Thwaites; Campbell, _Pioneer Priests of North America_.

=Dablon, Simon.= =Ch= Assisted in forming Company of New France, 168.

=Dacre, Lieutenant.= =Dr= Sailing-master on Carleton's ship, 154.

=Daine.= =WM= Lieutenant-general of police and mayor of Quebec. Signs petition to De Ramezay for capitulation, 224.

=Dalhousie, George Ramsay, ninth Earl of= (1770-1838). A Scottish peer. Entered the army at an early age and saw service in various parts of the world. From 1812 to 1814 commanded the 7th division of the British army in France and Spain. Received the thanks of Parliament for his services at Waterloo. Raised to the peerage of the United Kingdom as Baron Ramsay. Appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia in 1816. In 1819 appointed governor-general and commander-in-chief of British North America. Served in this capacity for nine years. From 1829 to 1832 commander-in-chief in the East Indies. =Index=: =P= Influence did not extend beyond Quebec, 1; his arrival as governor, 1820, 33; conflict with Papineau, 34, 61; his harsh policy towards French-Canadians, 39; his character, 41; founds Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, 41; erects monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, 41; sides with Council against Assembly, 42; promises remedy for abuses, 43; interview with Papineau, 58; refuses to confirm election of Papineau as Speaker and dissolves Parliament, 61; his speech to Assembly, 61-62; recalled, 64, 70. =BL= Governor-general, 1820, 19; a "disciplinarian devoid of diplomacy," 19; leaves Canada, 20. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Rattray, _The Scot in British North America_; _Dict. Eng. Hist._; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Dalhousie College.= Located at Halifax. Founded by George Ramsay, ninth Earl of Dalhousie, 1818. Original endowment derived from funds collected at the port of Castine, Maine, during its occupation, 1814, by Sir John Sherbrooke, then lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia. Act of Incorporation passed, 1821. First president elected and classes opened, 1838. University powers conferred, 1841. College closed for some years, owing to lack of funds for its support. Reorganized, 1863. =Index=: =H= Founded by the "Castine Fund," 81; taken possession of by Presbyterians, 81. =Bib.=: Hopkins, _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 3.

=Dallas, A. J.= Born in Scotland. Engaged for some years in the China trade. Entered service of Hudson's Bay Company; chief factor at Fort Victoria, Vancouver Island; succeeded Sir George Simpson as governor of Rupert's Land, 1862. =Index=: =D= Marries daughter of Sir James Douglas, 103; governor Hudson's Bay Company, at Winnipeg, 103; president of Victoria board of management, 265; moved to Rupert's Land, 265. =Bib.=: Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Dallet.= =L= Sulpician, arrival of, 105.

=Dalling and Bulwer, William Henry Lytton Earle, Baron= (1801-1872). British diplomatist. =Index=: =Mc= On the power of agitation, 16. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Dalling's Light Infantry.= =WM= In battle of Ste. Foy, 257, 259.

=Dalquier, Colonel.= =WM= Of Bearn regiment, 209; in battle of Ste. Foy, 259, 261, 262.

=Daly, Sir Dominick= (1798-1868). Born in Ireland. Came to Canada, 1825; provincial secretary for Lower Canada, 1827-1840; provincial secretary of Canada, 1841-1848. Left Canada, and appointed by the Imperial government lieutenant-governor of Tobago, 1851-1854. Afterwards lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, 1854-1859; and governor of South Australia, 1861-1868. =Index=: =Sy= Provincial secretary for Lower Canada, 283. =BL= Provincial secretary for Lower Canada, 1841, 76; his character, 78; Baldwin's confidence in, 79; retains office under La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 134; remains in office when rest of Cabinet resign, 213; defends Metcalfe, 214; sole adviser, 216; provincial secretary, 247; proposal to throw him overboard, 263. =E= Remains sole adviser of Lord Metcalfe, 35. =Md= Constitutes an administration of one, 19. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Davin, _The Irishman in Canada_.

=Daly, John Corry Wilson= (1796-1878). Born in Liverpool, England. For some time an assistant surgeon in the navy. Emigrated to the United States, and removed to Hamilton, 1826. Appointed surgeon to the Canada Company, 1827, and settled at Stratford, 1829. Succeeded John Galt as agent of the Canada Company, 1831, and took up his residence at Guelph. In the next year returned to Stratford, where he resided until his death. For many years agent of the Bank of Upper Canada at Stratford.

=Daly, Malachy Bowes= (1836- ). Son of Sir Dominick Daly; born in Quebec. Educated at St. Mary's College, Oscott, England; studied law and called to the bar of Nova Scotia, 1864. Private secretary to various governors of Nova Scotia. Sat in House of Commons for Halifax, 1878-1887; lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, 1890-1900. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Damours, Mathieu.= =F= Member of Sovereign Council, 106; arrested by Frontenac, 139. =L= Member of Sovereign Council, 158, 166; imprisoned, 167.

=Daniel, Andre.= Eldest son of Antoine Daniel, of Dieppe, and brother of Charles. Died in 1637. =Index=: =Ch= Sent to London (1629) to demand restoration of New France, 212-213.

=Daniel, Antoine= (1600-1648). Son of Antoine Daniel, of Dieppe. Entered the Society of Jesus; came to Canada in 1633; and in 1634 accompanied Brebeuf to the Huron country, where they laid the beginnings of that ill-fated mission. In 1636 came to Quebec to open the Seminary, which, from very modest beginnings, has since developed into Laval University. Returned to the Huron mission, and in 1648 murdered by the Iroquois. =Index=: =L= Wounded while ministering to the dying, 5. =Ch= Murdered by the Iroquois, 92; missionary in Cape Breton, 1633, 237. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Jesuits in North America_.

=Daniel, Charles.= Son of Antoine Daniel, of Dieppe. Made a notable voyage to New France in 1629, of which he left a graphic narrative. Arriving at Cape Breton that year, with two armed vessels, found Lord Ochiltree, who had joined Sir William Alexander in his colonization schemes, building a fort near Louisbourg. Seized the colonists and carried them off to France. =Index=: =Ch= Captured by the Kirkes, 200. =Bib.=: _Voyage a la Nouvelle-France du Capitaine Charles Daniel_. For biog., _see_ Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Parkman, _Pioneers of France_; Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Daoust, J. B.= =C= One of the Liberal leaders in Lower Canada, 25.

=Darache, Captain.= =Ch= A Basque, disregards monopoly granted to De Monts, 40.

=Darontal.= =Ch= Huron chief, 103.

=Dartmouth, William Legge, second Earl of= (1731-1801). =Dr= Succeeded as secretary of state by Germain, 148.

=Daubressy, Captain.= =WM= Carries articles of capitulation of Quebec to Vaudreuil, 234.

=Daulac.= _See_ Dollard des Ormeaux.

=David, Laurent Olivier= (1840- ). Educated at St. Therese College; studied law and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1864. One of founders, and editor, of _L'Opinion Publique_, 1870. Represented Montreal East in Quebec Legislature, 1886-1890. Called to the Senate, 1903. =Index=: =C= One of the founders of _Le Parti National_, and its organ, _Le National_, 30. =Bib.=: Works: _Biographies et Portraits_; _Les Heros de Chateauguay_; _Les Patriotes de_ 1837-1838; _Mes Contemporains_; _Les Deux Papineau_; _L'Union des Deux Canadas_; _Le Drapeau de Carillon_; _Laurier et Son Temps_; _Le Clerge Canadien_: _Sa Mission et Son [OE]uvre_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Davidson, John.= =Sy= Made commissioner of crown lands, 333. =BL= Commissioner of crown lands, proposed to retire him with pension, 125; opposition to, 126; collector of customs, 133.

=Davin, Nicholas Flood= (1843-1901). Born in Ireland. Studied law and called to the English bar, 1868. Served as war correspondent during Franco-Prussian War. Came to Canada, 1872; joined staff of the _Globe_, and later, the _Mail_. Called to the Ontario bar, 1874. Established the Regina _Leader_, 1883. Represented West Assiniboia in Dominion Parliament, 1887-1900. =Index=: =BL= Quoted on Hincks, 121, 131; on Baldwin, 172. =Bib.=: Works: _The Irishman in Canada_; _Eos, an Epic of the Dawn_; _Culture and Practical Power_; _Ireland and the Empire_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Davies, Sir Louis Henry= (1845- ). Born in Prince Edward Island. Educated at Prince of Wales College; studied law and called to the bar of Prince Edward Island, 1866. Sat in the Assembly, 1872-1879; premier and attorney-general, 1876. Elected to the House of Commons for Queen's, 1882; minister of marine and fisheries in the Laurier administration, 1896; counsel for Great Britain before the International Fisheries Commission at Halifax, 1877; one of the joint high commissioners on behalf of Great Britain to settle differences between the United States and Canada, 1898; knighted, 1897; appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1902. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Davis, Captain Sylvanus.= =F= Captured at Fort Loyal, 252; a prisoner in Quebec, during siege by Phipps, 294.

=Davost, Father.= =Ch= Jesuit missionary in Cape Breton, 237.

=Dawson, George Mercer= (1849-1901). Son of Sir J. W. Dawson (_q.v._). Studied geology and palaeontology under Huxley, Ramsay and Etheridge at the Royal School of Mines, London. Geologist and botanist to North American Boundary Commission, 1873-1875. Appointed to staff of Geological Survey, 1875; assistant director, 1883; director, 1895. One of British commissioners in Bering Sea Arbitration, 1892. =Bib.=: For his numerous reports and papers on geological and allied subjects, _see_ _General Indexes to Geological Survey Reports_, 1863-1884, and 1885-1906; and _Bibliography of the Royal Society_ (R. S. C., 1894). For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Dawson, Sir John William= (1820-1899). Born at Pictou, Nova Scotia. Educated at Edinburgh University. Accompanied Sir Charles Lyell on his geological explorations in Nova Scotia. Appointed superintendent of education for Nova Scotia, 1850. Principal of McGill University, 1855-1893, and mainly instrumental in building up the institution from a small college to one of the first rank. Elected F. G. S., 1854, and F. R. S., 1862; knighted, 1884. First president of Royal Society of Canada. Author of many works on geology and palaeontology. =Index=: =T= Commissioner to investigate King's College, 48. =Bib.=: Works: _Acadian Geology_; _Story of the Earth and Man_; _Science and the Bible_; _Dawn of Life_; _Origin of the World_; _Fossil Men_; _Change of Life in Geological Times_; _Chain of Life_; _Egypt and Syria_. For biog., _see_ _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Cyc. Am. Biog._; Dawson, _Fifty Years' Work in Canada_.

=Day, Charles Dewey= (1806-1884). Born in Bennington, Vermont. Came with his parents to Canada, 1812. Called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1827; created Q.C., 1837. Assisted in the prosecution of the insurgents who had been arrested during the Rebellion of 1837-1838. Appointed solicitor-general and called to the Special Council, 1839. Summoned by Sydenham to the Executive Council, 1840, and subsequently elected to the Assembly for the county of Ottawa. Appointed judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1842; transferred to the Superior Court, 1849; resigned, 1862. Acted as commissioner for the codification of the civil laws of Quebec; as representative of Quebec on the Arbitration Commission appointed under the British North America Act to settle the claims of the provinces; and as chairman of the Royal Commission to investigate the charges against the Macdonald government in connection with the granting of the charter to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. Held the office of chancellor of McGill University from 1857 until his death. Died in England. =Index=: =BL= Solicitor-general for Lower Canada, 1841, 76; represents British interests, 78; Baldwin's attitude to, 80; introduces School Bill, 107; elevated to bench, 122. =Sy= Solicitor-general for Lower Canada, 283. =E= Judge of Seigniorial Court, 187. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Last Forty Years_.

=Dean.= =Bk= Private of the 41st, gallant conduct of at Canard bridge, 236; praised by Brock on parade, 258.

=Deane, Silas= (1737-1789). Delegate from Connecticut to Continental Congress, 1774. Sent to France as secret political agent, 1776. Instrumental in negotiating treaties with France, and bringing Lafayette to America. =Index=: =Dr= Advocates canal to complete navigation between Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence, 230, 231. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Dearborn, Henry= (1751-1829). Served through War of the Revolution; accompanied Arnold's expedition to Canada. Secretary of war, 1801-1809; appointed major-general, 1812, and assigned to command of northern department in War of 1812; captured York, 1813, and Fort George, same year. Minister to Portugal, 1822-1824. =Index=: =Bk= Commanded United States troops in War of 1812, 192; at Plattsburg, 285. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Dease, Peter Warren.= =D= In charge of New Caledonia for Hudson's Bay Company, 285. =MS= Succeeds William Connolly, 224; chief factor, 1828, 224; his explorations of Arctic coast, 224-225. =Bib.=: _Narrative of Discoveries on the North Coast of America_; Bryce, _Hudson's Bay Company_.

=Debartzch, P. D.= Engaged in journalism. First elected to the Assembly of Lower Canada, 1810; member of the Legislative Council, 1815. =Index=: =P= Accepts Papineau's leadership, 34; urges him to accept mission to England to oppose union of the Canadas, 46; his daughters, 46; withdraws his support of Papineau, 86; interview with O'Callaghan, 146; attacked by Papineau, 169. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=De Bonne, Judge.= =Bk= Resolution of Assembly excluding, 126.

=Debt, Public.= =Sy= Arrangements for, under Union, 115, 193, 204, 205, 206, 207; estimated amount of, 319.

=Declaration of Independence.= In Upper Canada. =Mc= July 1837, its history, 330; work of Rolph and O'Grady, 330.

=De Grey.= _See_ Walsingham.

=De Grey and Ripon.= _See_ Ripon.

=Delagrave, C.= =E= Commissioner under Seigniorial Tenure law, 187.

=De Lancy's Brigade of Loyalists.= =Dr= Mentioned, 202.

=Delaune, Captain.= =WM= Commanded the volunteers who first climbed hill at Le Foulon, 181.

=Delaware Indians.= A confederacy, of Algonquian stock, occupying the basin of the Delaware River. They were known to the British as Delawares; to the French as Loups; and they called themselves, Lenape. Early in the eighteenth century, the Iroquois brought them into subjection. They crossed the mountains, and formed settlements in eastern Ohio, about the middle of the century. The remnant of the Delawares are now on reservations in Oklahoma, with a few hundred in Canada. =Index=: =Hd= Bring prisoners from Wyoming, 149. =Bib.=: Hodge, _Handbook of American Indians_.

=Delessert, B.= =Sy= Philanthropist and naturalist, 20.

=De Lisle, Elizabeth.= =Bk= Mother of Sir Isaac Brock, 6.

=Demers, Jerome.= =P= Criticizes Papineau for accepting mission to England, 65-66.

=Demers, Joseph.= =P= Urges Papineau to accept mission to England to oppose union of the Canadas, 45.

=Demers, Modeste.= First Roman Catholic bishop of Vancouver Island, 1847-1871. =Index=: =D= Missionary on Vancouver Island prior to 1846, 269; visits upper Fraser, 269; made bishop, 269.

=De Mille, James= (1833-1880). Born in New Brunswick. Educated at Horton Academy and at Brown University, Rhode Island. Subsequently professor of classics at Acadia College and at Dalhousie College. =Bib.=: Works: _Elements of Rhetoric_; _Helena's Household; A Tale of Rome in the First Century_; _Young Dodge Club Series_.

=Dene Indians.= A group of tribes, of Athapaskan stock. The name means _men_. Morice includes four tribes in the Western Denes: Sekanais, on the west slope of the Rocky Mountains; Babines, who occupy the shores of the lakes of the same name, and the neighbouring country; Carriers, whose villages extend from Stuart Lake to Alexandria on the Fraser; and Chilcotins, who occupy the valley of the river of the same name. =Index=: =D= In New Caledonia, 97. =Bib.=: Morice, _The Western Denes_; _Dene Sociology_; _Notes on the Western Denes_.

=Denison, George Taylor= (1839- ). Police magistrate at Toronto since 1877. Commanded Governor-General's Bodyguard in Fenian Raid, 1866; and in Riel Rebellion, 1885; in 1877 won the first prize offered by the Czar of Russia for the best _History of Cavalry_; president of the British Empire League in Canada since 1896. One of the founders of Canada First Party. =Index=: =Md= Opposes commercial union, 295. =Bib.=: Works: _Fenian Raid on Fort Erie_; _Modern Cavalry_; _History of Cavalry_; _Soldiering in Canada_; _Struggle for Imperial Unity_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Dennis, John Stoughton= (1820-1885). Born near Toronto. Educated at Victoria College; commissioned as surveyor of public lands, 1842. Assisted in the organization of the Canadian militia, 1855; raised and appointed to the command of the Toronto Field Battery, 1856; brigade-major of the 5th Military District, 1861-1869; saw active service during the Fenian Raid, 1866. Sent to Red River Settlement to organize system of surveys, 1869, but was forced to withdraw. Surveyor-general of Dominion Lands, 1871; deputy-minister of the interior, 1878; retired, 1881; created C. M. G., 1882. =Index=: =C= His surveys held responsible for first Riel Rebellion, 69-70. =R= Surveyor-general, graduate of Victoria College, 144. =Bib.=: Denison, _The Fenian Raid on Fort Erie_ and _Soldiering in Canada_. _See also_ Riel Rebellion, 1869-1870.

=Denonville, Jacques-Rene de Brisay, Marquis de.= Eleventh governor of New France. Colonel of Dragoons in French army; spent thirty years in military service before coming to Canada, in 1685, as successor to La Barre. Although a capable officer, found himself in a difficult situation owing to the condition to which the country had been brought by the failure of La Barre and the intrigues of the English governor of New York. Adopted a severe policy with the Indians, and was condemned for his treacherous seizure of Iroquois at Fort Frontenac in 1687. The horrible massacre of Lachine was one of the consequences of his maladministration. Succeeded in the government of the colony by Frontenac in 1689. Died in 1710. =Index=: =F= Succeeds La Barre as governor, 189; comes out in same ship with Saint Vallier, 191; gives unfavourable account of Canadian people, 192; his piety, 197; asks for more troops, 198; corresponds with Dongan, governor of New York, 198; desirous of constructing a fort at Niagara, 199; proposes to French king to buy colony of New York, 202; instructed to cultivate peaceful relations with English neighbours, 203; sends expedition to Hudson Bay, 205; receives reinforcements, 206; determines to march against Iroquois, 207; crafty policy, 208; complains of French troops, 212; erects fort at Niagara, 213; asks for more troops, 217; receives visit from Big Mouth, 221; in attack by Iroquois on Lachine, orders troops to remain on defensive, 225; recalled, 228; orders Fort Frontenac to be blown up, 228; stimulates Abenaquis to attack New England settlements, 249. =L= On liquor question, 175; succeeds La Barre as governor, 193; his measures for defence of Canada, 213; seizes certain Indian chiefs, 214; builds fort at Niagara, 216; recalled, 218; conduct in Lachine massacre, 226, 227. =Bib.=: Girouard, _L'Expedition de Marquis de Denonville_ (R. S. C., 1899); Parkman, _Old Regime_ and _Frontenac_.

=Dent, John Charles= (1841-1888). Born in England. Came to Canada at an early age; studied law and called to the bar of Upper Canada. Went back to England and for a time engaged in newspaper work in London. Returned to America, 1847, and spent three years in Boston; came to Canada again, 1870, and became one of the editors of the _Globe_. =Index=: =B= On the "Double Shuffle," 108. =Bib.=: Works: _Last Forty Years_; _Upper Canadian Rebellion_; _Canadian Portrait Gallery_. For biog., _see_ MacMurchy, _Canadian Literature_.

=Denys, Charles, Sieur de Fronsac.= =Ch= Settles in Miramichi, 237.

=Denys, Nicolas= (1598-1688). Born at Tours. Early took to sea and in 1633 became interested in the fisheries of Nova Scotia. A short time after made one of the lieutenants of Acadia under the Company of New France, and settled at Miscou. In 1647 his fort seized by D'Aulnay, who had just been made lieutenant-general of the colony. In 1650 his establishment in Cape Breton captured and he himself taken prisoner. A second attempt to settle in Cape Breton frustrated by Le Borgne. Returned to France in 1653, and received a grant of the islands of the St. Lawrence, including a monopoly of the fur trade, and shortly after became governor of that territory, together with Newfoundland. In 1667 obtained a confirmation of his rights, but in the winter of 1668-1669 his establishment at St. Peters completely destroyed by fire. In 1671 returned to France and engaged in the preparation of his work on Acadia. About 1685 returned to Acadia, but his closing years darkened by the scattering of his vast estates. Died three years later, at the age of 90 years. =Index=: =Ch= Abandons Chedabucto and goes to Cape Breton, thence to Miscou and Gaspe, 236. =Bib.=: _Description and Natural History of Acadia_, ed. by Ganong. For biog., _see_ Parkman, _Old Regime_.

=De Peyster, Arent Schuyler= (1736-1832). Joined the 8th Regiment, 1755, and served with distinction upon the British side in the Revolutionary War. In command at Detroit, and also at Michilimackinac. Retired to Dumfries, Scotland, where he enjoyed the friendship of Robert Burns, and died there. =Index=: =Hd= Commander at Detroit, 146; Haldimand's letter to, 158; on the freemasonry of Indians, 161; Haldimand's letter to, on defence of frontier posts, 260; thought Du Calvet should have been hanged, 314. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._

=Dequen, Jean.= =L= Jesuit, devotion of, 32; his death, 33.

=Derby, Edward George Geoffrey Smith Stanley, fourteenth Earl= (1799-1869). Entered Parliament, 1820; Irish secretary, 1830-1833; colonial secretary, 1833-1834 and 1841-1844. Prime minister, 1852, 1858-1859, and 1866-1868. =Index=: =E= Induces Elgin to accept governorship of Jamaica, 9; endorses Metcalfe's policy, 37; on an elective Upper House, 121-122. =W= Receives New Brunswick delegates, 24; on casual and territorial revenue, 25, 27, 29; on King's College Bill, 53, 54; increases New Brunswick Council, 69; cancels Reade's appointment, 80-81; on initiation of money grants, 92; crown lands case, 101. =T= His government defeated, 63. =B= Offers governorship to Metcalfe, 18; justifies his policy, 23. =BL= Restores Hagerman to office, 16; threatens to curtail existing privileges of people of Lower Canada, 21; petition and correspondence as to public affairs in Upper Canada, 30; condemns Bagot's policy, 151; correspondence with Metcalfe, 160-166, 167, 168-169, 176, 186-187, 209-211; defends Metcalfe in House of Commons, and expresses his views on colonial government, 230-234; his confidential letters to Metcalfe, 230; Sullivan's criticism of his views on responsible government, 244; on Metcalfe's resignation, 265. =Mc= Restores Hagerman to office, 234; colonial secretary, 236; discusses post office, 236. =Bib.=: Kebbel, _Earl of Derby_; _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Derby.= =D= Formerly Fort Langley--proposed as capital of British Columbia, 246.

=De Salaberry.= =WM= Seigniorial manor of, headquarters of Montcalm, 94; council of war meets at, 147.

=Desandrouins, Captain.= =WM= His account of massacre at Fort William Henry, 47-50.

=Des Barres, William Frederick= (1800-1885). Born in Nova Scotia. Educated at Halifax Grammar School; called to the bar of Nova Scotia, 1821. Represented Guysborough in the Assembly, 1836-1848; solicitor-general in Uniacke government, 1848; appointed judge of the Supreme Court, 1848; resigned, 1881. =Index=: =H= Member of Uniacke government, Nova Scotia, 1848, 110; solicitor-general, 111; commissioner for Halifax-Windsor Railway, 118. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Des Brisay, Alexander C.= =T= Confederate candidate in New Brunswick, elected, 89; attacks government in Assembly, 102.

=Deschamps.= =Ch= Surgeon, with the expedition at Port Royal, autopsy performed by, 33.

=Deschamps, Isaac= (1722-1801). A native of Switzerland; came to Nova Scotia in early life. Elected to the Assembly, 1761; judge of the Court of Common Pleas for King's County, 1761; judge of the Island of St. John, 1768; assistant judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, 1770; chief-justice, 1785. Appointed a member of the Council, 1783. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Desdames.= =Ch= Clerk sent to Gaspe, returns with news of English depredations, 181; returns to France, 209.

=Deseille, Father.= =L= Companion of Father Marquette, 62.

=Desertions.= =S= Very prevalent, 72; punishments for, 72; causes of, 73. =WM= From ranks of Canadian militia frequent, 152. =Bk= Followed by capture, 60; three shot, 63; two shot, 134; from United States regiments of the line to the Canadian side, 281.

=Des Groseilliers.= _See_ Chouart.

=Des Marets, Claude Godet, Sieur de.= =Ch= Son-in-law of Pont-Grave, arrives at Quebec, 47; accompanies Champlain in expedition against Iroquois, 52; at Cap de la Victoire, 139.

=De Soyres, Rev. John.= =T= Conducts funeral service of Sir Leonard Tilley, 146.

=Desportes, Pierre.= =Ch= An early settler in Quebec, 145, 146; goes to Gaspe, 181; remains in Quebec during English occupation, 196, 208.

=Desquerat, Captain.= =F= Killed at Laprairie, 313.

=Des Rivieres, Captain.= =WM= Accompanies captured British officers to Quebec, 90.

=Dessaules, Louis A.= Born 1819. Member of Legislative Council, 1856-1863. Edited _Le Pays_ at Montreal. =Index=: =E= Member of _Parti Rouge_, 108. =C= One of Liberal leaders in Quebec, 25; protests against Dorion entering Cartier's ministry, 106-107. =Bib.=: Works: _Rouge et Noir_; _Lectures sur l'Annexion du Canada aux Etats-Unis_; _Galilee, Ses Travaux Scientifiques et sa Condamnation_; _La Guerre Americaine_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Bib. Can._

=Destouches.= =Ch= Clerk, appointed by Champlain as his second lieutenant, 155; returns to France, 209.

=Detroit.= Founded by Antoine de la Motte Cadillac (_q.v._) in 1701. The fort remained under Cadillac's command until 1710. A census taken that year shows six settlers cultivating the land, and twenty-nine soldiers, traders, etc., occupying houses within the fort. De la Forest succeeded Cadillac at the fort, 1710. Fort surrendered to the British, 1760. Pontiac laid siege to the fort, 1763, but failed to capture it. Transferred to United States, 1796. Captured by Brock, in War of 1812; restored by treaty of Ghent. =Index=: =S= The most important of western fortified posts, 51; Great Britain retains possession of, pending settlement of certain questions, 55, 119; threatened by army under Wayne, 133; handed over to United States, 142; River aux Raisins the boundary of territory dependent on, during British occupation, 145. =Dr= Defence of by Major Gladwin, 5; retained with other western posts as security for proper treatment of loyalists, 231; handed over to United States, 291. =Bk= Founded by La Motte Cadillac, its exciting history, 54; Brock determines to attack, 248; its strength and garrison, 249, 250; attacked, 251, 254; Hull surrenders with his whole army, 255; important results of capture, 256. =MS= Under French regime, 11; in days of North West Company, 12. =Hd= Company of 8th Regiment sent to, 137; a source of anxiety, 145; De Peyster in command at, 146, 158; reinforcements sent to, 153; Jehu Hay, lieutenant-governor of, in 1784, 158; doubtful subjects settle round, 161; difficulty of navigation to, 163; Haldimand's letter to Henry Hamilton, lieutenant-governor at, on means for recovery of Illinois country, 167; unfortunate expedition from, 168; Haldimand's letter to De Peyster on importance of, 260; boat built at by North West Company, 262; Major Mathews, lieutenant-governor at, in 1787, 332. =Bib.=: _Cadillac Papers_ (Mich. Pion. & Hist. _Coll._, vol. 33 _et seq._); Parkman, _Conspiracy of Pontiac_; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.

=Detroit.= Brig. _See_ Adams.

=Devil's Hole.= =Bk= Near Fort Niagara, massacre of British troops at, 55.

=Devos, Frederick.= =Hd= Great-nephew of Haldimand, 312.

=Dewart, Edward Hartley= (1828-1903). Born in Ireland. Came to Canada with his parents at age of six. Educated at local schools and at the Toronto Normal School. Taught school for a time; entered the ministry of the Methodist Church, 1851; editor of _The Christian Guardian_, 1869-1894. =Bib.=: Works: _Selections from Canadian Poets_; _Songs of Life: A Collection of Poems_; _Essays for the Times_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Dewdney, Edgar= (1835- ). Born in Devonshire, England. Came to British Columbia, 1859. Had charge of survey of site of New Westminster, and other engineering works. First elected to provincial Legislature, 1869; returned to Dominion House, 1872. Appointed Indian commissioner for North-West Territories, 1879; and lieutenant-governor of North-West Territories, 1881. Member of Dominion Cabinet as minister of interior, 1888-1892. Appointed lieutenant-governor of British Columbia, 1892. =Index=: =D= Builds Dewdney trail, from Hope to Similkameen, 252-253. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Dickey, Robert Barry= (1811-1903). Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia. Studied law, and called to the bar of Nova Scotia, and of New Brunswick, 1834. Sat in Legislative Council, Nova Scotia, 1858-1867. Appointed to the Senate, 1867. Took an active part in the negotiations leading up to the building of the Intercolonial Railway, and the Confederation of the provinces. =Index=: =H= Delegate from Nova Scotia to Charlottetown Conference, 177. =T= Delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 73; and to Quebec Conference, 77. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Dickson, Walter Hamilton= (1806-1884). Born in Niagara. Called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1830. Served during the Rebellion of 1837 as a cavalry officer. Represented Niagara in the Assembly, 1841-1851; sat in the Legislative Council of Canada, 1855-1867; appointed to the Dominion Senate, 1867.

=Dieskau, Jean Armand, Baron de= (1701-1777). Of German descent; served with distinction under Marshal Saxe. When it was made known to the court at Versailles that the British had sent two regiments to America under Braddock, the French decided to fit out an expedition on a larger scale, and six regiments embarked for Canada under Dieskau, who was given the rank of general. Immediately after assuming command, prepared to attack the British and marched at the head of a body of men against Johnson. Although his plans appear to have been well laid, his position was betrayed through the action of the Indians. Severely wounded, made prisoner and well cared for by the British. Taken to England, ruined in health and fortune. Liberated at the conclusion of the war in 1763; and returned to France. =Index=: =WM= Defeated and taken prisoner at Lake George, 22. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Montcalm and Wolfe_; Bradley, _Fight with France_.

=Digby, Robert= (1732-1815). Commanded the _Dunkirk_ at Quiberon Bay, 1759; second in command in Rodney's expedition for relief of Gibraltar, 1779; commander-in-chief in North America, 1781. =Index=: =Dr= Appointed to chief naval command in America, 194. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Disney, Captain.= =Dr= Accused in connection with Walker affair, 36; tried and acquitted, 38.

=Dissenters.= =S= Preponderance of, in Upper Canada, 159, 160. _See also_ Presbyterian; Methodist.

=District Courts.= =Sy= Establishment of in Lower Canada, 255.

=Doak.= =W= Proprietor of _Loyalist_ newspaper, arrested and released, 75.

=Dobson.= =Bk= Brock's faithful servant, 11.

=Dodd, E. M.= =H= Solicitor-general and member of Executive and Legislative Councils, Nova Scotia--makes statement as to ministerial responsibility, 76; attempts to reconcile Joseph Howe and his colleagues to the appointment of W. B. Almon to the Executive Council, 87. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Dollard des Ormeaux, Adam.= A young officer of the garrison at Montreal, who saved Montreal and the colony from probable destruction by the Iroquois, in 1660. With sixteen companions and a few Indian allies, he intercepted the Iroquois at the Long Sault Rapids, on the Ottawa, and with a heroism seldom equalled in the world's history, this little band gave their lives for their country's sake. The Iroquois, discouraged by such unexpected resistance, abandoned the projected raid on the colony. =Index=: =L= His heroic resistance to Iroquois at the Long Sault, 39, 69-72. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_; _Jesuit Relations_, 1660; Faillon, _Histoire de la Colonie Francaise_; Dollier de Casson, _Histoire de Montreal_. The exploit has inspired several Canadian poems. _See_ Martin, _Marguerite_; Frechette, _Legende d'un Peuple_.

=Dollebeau, Father.= =Ch= In charge of mission at Miscou, 235; death of, 235.

=Dollier de Casson, Francis= (1636-1701). Born in Basse Bretagne. Served with distinction as a cavalry officer under Turenne. Came to Montreal and joined the Sulpicians in 1666. In 1669-1670 carried out with Galinee an important exploration of the Great Lakes. Became superior of the Seminary of Montreal, and later vicar-general of the diocese. =Index=: =L= Labours with Galinee on the shores of Lake Erie, 11; gives account of Dollard's exploit, 75; lays foundation stone of Montreal church, 89; on evil effects of sale of liquor to the Indians, 175; at Quebec, 190. =F= His history of Montreal, 34; depicts evils of liquor traffic, 335. =Bib.=: _Histoire de Montreal_. For biog., _see_ Parkman, _Old Regime_; _Exploration of the Great Lakes by Dollier de Casson and de Brehant de Galinee_, ed. by Coyne.

=Dolu.= =Ch= Grand almoner of France, intendant, 129; his instructions to Champlain, 132. =Bib.=: Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Douglas, _Old France in the New World_.

=Domergue, Lieutenant.= =F= Killed at Laprairie, 313.

=Don de Dieu.= =Ch= Name of vessel in which Champlain sailed for Quebec in 1608, 39; also one of vessels of Company of New France, 245.

=Dongan, Thomas, Earl of Limerick= (1634-1715). Colonial governor of New York. Sent to America as governor, 1682. Resigned, 1688. Became Earl of Limerick, 1698. =Index=: =F= Governor of New York, correspondence with La Barre, 182; policy with Iroquois, 183; correspondence with Denonville, 199-200; claims right to trade with Lake tribes, 203; demands destruction of Fort Niagara, 218; advice to Indians, 219. =L= Governor of New York, stirs up Iroquois, 185, 191. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Dorchester, Guy Carleton, first Baron= (1724-1808). =Dr= Birth and parentage, 29; enters army, 29; lieutenant-colonel, 30; Wolfe's friendship for, 30; military preceptor to Duke of Richmond, 30; Wolfe secures him for quartermaster of Quebec expedition, 31; entrusted with important tasks, 32; wounded at Battle of the Plains, 32; served under Albemarle at siege of Havana, 32; appointed to succeed Murray at Quebec, 32; finds divisions in the country, 33; has difficulty with his Council, 34; forwards petition of Jesuits, 35; issues proclamation relinquishing all fees, 35; his despatch on the subject, 36; has the Walker case on his hands, 37; dismisses Irving and Mabane from the Council, 39; his views in regard to English and French laws, 41, 43; on state of the colony, 44-47; anticipates revolt of American colonies, 50; endeavours to check legal abuses, 51; orders release of small debtors, 52; issues new ordinance respecting administration of justice, 54, 55; opposed to creation of House of Assembly, 55; his return to England, 57; becomes governor-general on Murray's resignation, 1768, 57; absent in England four years, 59; replaced by Cramahe, 59; his report on manufactures of Canada, 59; took important part in framing Quebec Act, 63; his evidence before House of Commons, 67; sails for Canada, 75; his marriage, 75; sends troops to Boston on requisition of General Gage, 78; receives news of Benedict Arnold's attack on St. John's, 83; forwards troops and proceeds to Montreal, 85; calls out militia, 86; returns to Quebec, 89; gives guinea to Canadian soldier, 89; hurries back to Montreal, 91; applies to Gage for two regiments, 92; his despatch explaining fall of St. John's and impossibility of defending Montreal, 103; reaches Quebec, 112; orders all to leave the city who would not help in its defence, 114; his courage and watchfulness, 124; his estimate of the killed in the attack on Quebec, 131; great source of strength to his followers, 133; moves out to attack enemy, who took to flight, 138; makes search in surrounding country for fugitives in distress, 139; makes arrangements to pursue the retreating American army, 144; meets Burgoyne at Quebec, 144-145; his operations successful, 147; Lord George Germain's enmity to, 149; plans to improve the defences of the country, 150-151; re-establishes the Courts of Quebec, 151; defeats the Americans in naval engagement on Lake Champlain, 153-157; refuses to attack Ticonderoga--his reasons, 157-158; retires with army in winter quarters, 159; superseded in charge of next year's campaign by General Burgoyne, 163; his authority limited to Canada, 163; his bitter replies to Germain's despatches, 164-166; indignant at transfer of command to Burgoyne, he resigns, 169; no friction between him and Burgoyne, 174; Burgoyne's testimony, 174; makes forced levy of militia to recruit Burgoyne's army, 178; his correspondence with Hamilton in the West, 179; his appointments to judgeships, 183; objects to appointment of Livius and Owen as judges, 184; his protests against improper appointments, 185; calls out one-third of militia, 187; constitutes committee of Council, 187; his last despatch to Germain, 188; returns to England, 189; sent to America as commander-in-chief and commissioner, 193; arrives at New York, 195; instructed to make pacific representations to Congress, 200; applies for recall on hearing that complete independence is to be granted to the colonies, 203; his anxiety to protect the Loyalists, 206; appoints commissioners for exchange of prisoners, 207; the force under his command, 208; anxious to return home but urged to remain at New York, 212; writes to governor of Nova Scotia on behalf of the Loyalists, 214; his correspondence largely occupied with Loyalist affairs, 218; his last despatch from New York, 219; supports petition of Loyalist widows for pensions, 219; created Baron Dorchester, and accepts governorship of Canada, 221; difficulties of his position, 221; his acquaintance with Haldimand, 222; Shelburne's opinion of value of his influence, 222; his reception at Quebec very cordial, 223; extent of his commission, 224; brings out William Smith as chief-justice, 224; his correspondence with Lord Sydney, 225; appoints committee to consider state of the law, 225, 227; also committees on commerce, police, and education, 226-230; negotiations with Silas Deane on subject of Chambly Canal, 230; anxiety in regard to Indian question in the west, 231; announces intention of visiting Nova Scotia, 235; recognizes necessity for a more popular form of government, 237; visits Loyalists in western Canada, 238; transfers Jesuit church at Montreal to Anglicans, 241; his efforts to increase efficiency of militia, 243, 246; receives propositions from Vermont and Kentucky looking to separation from other American states, 244-247; declines to allow French minister to United States to visit Canada, 248; receives draft of bill for better government of province, 248; thought introduction of parliamentary institutions premature, 258, 259; sends home lists of proposed legislative councillors, 258; not pleased with Simcoe's appointment, 259; urges claims of Sir John Johnson, 259; sails for England, 269; returns to Canada, 271; opens second session of Lower Canada Legislature, 276; calls out militia, 277; fully expects war with United States, 282; his speech to the Miami Indians, 282; speech not approved by home government, 283; expresses desire to resign, 284; gets Alien Act passed, 288; reports improved condition of affairs, 291; wages war on fees and perquisites, 291; surrenders his own fees, 292; opposes holding of appointments by absentees, 292; his relations with Simcoe, 293-296; a believer in centralized power, 294; not being sustained by home government, resigns, 297; points of difference with Simcoe, 302; meets his last Parliament, 303; returns to England, 303; receives addresses of regret, 303; his character, 304; his sympathy with French-Canadians, 305; saves Canada to the Empire, 306; wreck of the frigate in which he sailed, 306; lands at Perce, proceeds to Halifax, and sails from there to England, 306; his death, 307; his descendants, 307. =S= His connection with the Constitutional Act, 2; not favourable to creation of separate province of Upper Canada, 3; goes to England, 5; orders names of Loyalists who declared themselves before treaty of 1783 to be registered, 70; does not support Simcoe's views in regard to Indian department, 127; controls military operations in Upper Canada, 131; his bold speech to deputation of Indians, 133, 146; recommends Simcoe to fortify post on the Miami, 134; proceedings not approved by home government, 142; his resignation, 142; disapproves of Simcoe's plans for defence of Upper Canada, 206; supersedes purchasing agent appointed by Simcoe, 212; his relations with Simcoe, 228. =WM= Chief of staff to Wolfe, 75; as governor of Canada, wins affection of Canadians, 75; establishes fortified camp on island of Orleans, 108; lands near Pointe-aux-Trembles and takes a number of prisoners, 125; wounded in battle of the Plains, 199. =Sy= His Canadian policy, 67, 82. =Bk= His defence of Quebec and liberal policy towards French-Canadians, 36. =E= His character as governor, 1. =Hd= Leases St. Maurice forges, 62; his failure to enlist Canadian militia, 111; governor of Canada, his defence of Quebec, 112, 121; succeeded in military command by Burgoyne, 112; resignation of, 113; Haldimand's opinion of, 119; Captain Schank writes to, 159; pulls down houses during siege, 187; proposal to have him supersede Haldimand at Quebec, 188; Haldimand writes to, 189; raises Loyalist corps, 253; returns to Quebec as governor, with title of Lord Dorchester, 314; his opinion of Dr. Mabane, 315; his relations with Haldimand, 330-332. =W= Thomas Carleton, a brother of, 5. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Lucas, _History of Canada_; Bradley, _The Making of Canada_; Egerton and Grant, _Canadian Constitutional Development_; Shortt and Doughty, _Documents Relating to Constitutional History of Canada_.

=Doreil.= =WM= Commissioner of war, goes to France, 62.

=Dorion, Sir Antoine Aime= (1818-1891). Educated at Nicolet College. Studied law, and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1842. Represented Montreal in Legislature, 1854-1861. Formed administration with George Brown, 1858. Defeated by Cartier in Montreal, 1861. Provincial secretary in Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte government, 1862. Succeeded Sicotte as attorney-general, 1863. Minister of justice in Mackenzie government, 1873-1874. Chief-justice of Quebec, 1874-1891. =Index=: =Md= Opposes political domination of the priesthood, 45-46; leader of the _Rouge_ party in Quebec, 64, 102; opposes Confederation, 115, 118, 142; moves amendment on Intercolonial route, 152; refuses to act upon Pacific Scandal Commission, 205. =C= Liberal leader, and disciple of Papineau, 25; his followers, and their revolutionary programme, 26; accepts policy of representation by population, 28; his radicalism keeps him in opposition, 29; offered seat in administration of 1858 by Cartier, and declines, 106-107. =E= Signs Annexation Manifesto, 81; member of the _Parti Rouge_, 108; becomes less radical in his views, 134. =B= Leader of the _Rouges_--his character--friendly relations with George Brown, 80-81; consulted by Brown as to forming ministry, 101; enters his government, 102, 105, 106; his part in converting George Brown to Confederation, 132; moves resolution favouring union of the Canadas in 1856, 132; pledged to settlement of question, 132; opposed to coalition, 160; his speech against Confederation, 175-178, 207; his motion for adjournment defeated, 185; opposed to Brown entering coalition ministry, 199. =Bib.=: Taylor, _Brit. Am._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Willison, _Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party_.

=Dorion, Jean Baptiste Eric= (1826-1866). Brother of preceding. One of founders of _L'Avenir_, 1848. Sat in the Legislature, 1854-1857, and again in 1861. =Index=: =E= Member of _Parti Rouge_, 108. =C= A Liberal leader in Lower Canada, 25; nicknamed _L'enfant terrible_, 25. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Bib. Can._

=Dorland, Philip.= =S= Quaker, elected to Assembly, but, unable to take oath, resigns, 81.

=Dosquet, Pierre-Herman= (1691-1777). Native of Lille, France; came to Canada, 1721; on his return to France, 1725, consecrated bishop of Samos and appointed coadjutor to Bishop Mornay. Later made bishop of Quebec. While in Canada lived in the style of a seignior, much in contrast to the simple life of Laval and of St. Vallier. Died in Paris. =Index:= =L= Succeeds Mornay as bishop of Quebec, 12. =Bib.=: Tetu, _Eveques de Quebec_; Casgrain, _L'Habitation de Samos_ (R. S. C., 1906).

=Double Majority.= =Md= Meaning of the term--attitude of public men towards, 78-79; leading plank in platform of the Macdonald-Sicotte government, 89. =B= Origin and meaning of the principle, 82; advocated by John Sandfield Macdonald, 142; opposed by George Brown, 143; Duke of Newcastle on, 143; and separate school question, 145. =BL= Beginnings of the system, 258; Hincks's views on, 259; Baldwin opposed to, 352; Turcotte and Hincks on, 352. =Bib.=: Dent, _Last Forty Years_; Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Mackenzie, _George Brown_.

=Double Ministries.= Brown-Dorion; Hincks-Morin; La Fontaine-Baldwin; Macdonald-Cartier; Macdonald-Dorion; Macdonald-Sicotte; MacNab-Morin; MacNab-Tache; Sherwood-Daly; Tache-Macdonald. _See under_ names of individual ministers.

"=Double Shuffle=," 1858. =B= History of, 107-108. =Md= An ingenious device resorted to by Macdonald, Cartier, and their colleagues, to avoid the necessity of re-election, 85-87. =Bib.=: Pope, _Memoirs of Sir John A. Macdonald_; Dent, _Last Forty Years_; Mackenzie, _George Brown_; Biggar, _Sir Oliver Mowat_.

=Doucett, Joseph.= Lieutenant-governor of the Fort of Annapolis, 1717-1726. Member of the governor's Council.

=Dougall, John= (1808-1886). Born in Paisley, Scotland. Came to Canada, 1826, and took up mercantile pursuits. For a time editor of the _Canada Temperance Advocate_; founded the _Montreal Witness_, 1826. Died in Flushing, New York.

=Douglas, David= (1798-1834). Made extensive botanical collections on the Pacific coast of North America, for the Horticultural Society of London, 1824-1826. Crossed the continent from Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia, to Hudson Bay; met Sir John Franklin there and returned with him to England. Came out again to the Columbia River on a similar mission, 1829, and went from there to the Hawaiian Islands, where he was killed. The gigantic Douglas fir named after him.