Chapter XXIV: Part 24

=Smith, William= (1728-1793). Born in New York City. Graduated at Yale, 1745; called to the New York bar, and practised in that city. In 1763 appointed chief-justice of the colony; and sat in the Council, 1767-1782. In 1786 appointed chief-justice of Canada, holding the office until his death. =Index=: =Hd= His influence over Lord Dorchester, 314; his ultra-English sentiments, 315. =Dr= Chief-justice of Canada, 224; his position on the civil law question, 225; favours union of all British North American provinces, 261; made Speaker of new Legislative Council, 269. =S= His plan for a union of all British possessions in North America, 5. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Smith, William O.= =T= Mayor of St. John, New Brunswick, 7.

=Smuggling.= =S= Prevalence of, between Upper Canada and the state of New York, 106, 107. =Bk= Promoted between United States and Canada by United States Embargo Act, 109. =Dr= From New England into Canada, 57.

=Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.= =S= Assists the church of England in Upper Canada, 158, 159.

=Soissons, Charles de Bourbon, Comte de= (1565-1612). At the urgent solicitation of Champlain, who was in desperate need of a powerful protector to shield the infant colony of New France from rival intrigues, the Comte de Soissons was appointed by the king lieutenant-general of the colony, with viceregal powers. Made Champlain his lieutenant, with full control of the fur trade as well as of the exploration and settlement of the colony. Unfortunately for Champlain, his protector died shortly after the commission was issued. Succeeded as viceroy by Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Conde. =Index=: =Ch= Assumes direction of colony, and makes Champlain his lieutenant, 73. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Pioneers of France_.

=Soleil d'Afrique.= =L= French vessel, 219. =F= French frigate, brings supplies, 319

=Somerset, Edward Adolphus Seymour, twelfth Duke of= (1804-1885). Sat in House of Commons, 1830-1855; first commissioner of works, 1851-1852; first lord of Admiralty, 1859-1866. =Index=: =B= On committee on Confederation of Canada and defence scheme, 186. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Somerville, Alexander= (1811-1885). Born in Scotland. Served in the regular army. Came to Canada, 1858. Took up newspaper work; for a time editor of the _Canadian Illustrated News_. Present as a volunteer at the battle of Ridgeway. =Bib.=: Works: _Diligent Life_; _Narrative of the Fenian Invasion of Canada_. For biog., _see_ Rattray, _The Scot in British North America_.

=Sorel.= A city of Quebec, at the mouth of the Richelieu River. Named after Pierre de Sorel. A fort was built here by Montmagny in 1642, of which Senneterre was commandant in 1645. It was abandoned in 1647, and a new fort built by Sorel in 1665. Haldimand fortified the place in 1778, in view of another possible American invasion. =Index=: =WM= Two French frigates load stores at, 243. =Dr= Name of, changed to William Henry, 240. =L= Fort erected at, 53. =Hd= Situation of, 125; Haldimand at, 132, 259, 298; made depot for stores, 134, 183; inhabitants of, praised for their courage and loyalty, 135; Haldimand's proposition for purchase of seigniory of, 135, 183; lands allotted to Loyalists in district of, 255; Protestant mission at, 256; hospital at, closed, 269; dispute over wood-cutting at, 274; Riedesel stationed at, 296. =Bib.=: Lovell, _Gazetteer of Canada_.

=Souart, De.= =F= Physician of the Seminary at Montreal, 91; presents bell to Bonsecours Chapel, 177.

=Souel, Father.= =L= Dies a martyr, 62.

=Sovereign Council.= =F= Created, 1647, at Quebec, 37, 49; reorganized, 105-106; resembles a Parliament in French sense, 131; Frontenac claims to be styled president of, 133-140; fixes prices of goods, 153. =L= Creation of, 41; expresses preference for settlers from north of France, 78; makes decrees respecting sale of liquor, 113; members of, 158, 166; deals with case of Perrot, 160; reconstituted and enlarged, 165; question as to title of president, 166. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Frontenac_ and _Old Regime_.

=Spain.= =Dr= Her action in the Nootka matter, 250. =Hd= Her rule in Louisiana, 64-81; war imminent with, 81; recovers Florida, 81; Hamilton's opinion of, 167; Rodney's victory over, 189. =D= Lacked genius for colonization, 4.

=Special Council of Lower Canada.= =Sy= Summoned to consider question of union, 192; legislation by, 255, 256; summoned for last time, 272; passes ordinance for establishment of municipal institutions, 273, 276; passes bill for registry of titles, 278; established board of works, with H. H. Killaly as president, 333. =Bib.=: Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Speedy.= =Bk= Government vessel, foundering of, in Lake Ontario, 69.

=Spence, R.= =E= Postmaster-general in Hincks-Morin government, 140.

=Spencer, John Charles, third Earl= (1782-1845). Entered Parliament, 1804, and sat almost continuously to 1834; chancellor of the exchequer and leader of the House of Commons, 1830-1834. =Index=: =Sy= Chancellor of the exchequer, 25; on his father's death becomes Earl Spencer, 45; declines governorship of Canada, 58. =W= His death, 37. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Spragge, John Godfrey= (1806-1884). Born in New Cross, Surrey, England. Came to York with his father, 1820. Educated at the Central School, York, under his father, who was headmaster, and at the Home District School under John Strachan. Called to the bar, 1828; elected a bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada, 1835, and treasurer of that body, 1850. Appointed judge of the Surrogate Court of the Home District, 1836; master in Chancery, 1837; registrar of the Court of Chancery, 1844; vice-chancellor of Upper Canada, 1851; chancellor, 1869, and chief-justice of Ontario, 1881. =Bib.=: Read, _Lives of the Judges_; Dent, _Can. Por._

=Springer, Judge.= =R= Graduate of Victoria College, 143.

=Stadacone.= An Indian town, which stood near the mouth of the St. Charles River, in what is now the city of Quebec. It was occupied by a tribe of the Huron-Iroquois race, of which Donnacona was chief in 1535, when Jacques Cartier brought his little fleet to anchor in the St. Charles.

=Stairs, W. J.= =H= President of Anti-Confederation League, Nova Scotia, 192; correspondence with Joseph Howe, 192-197.

=Stamford, Katherine.= =S= Maiden name of Simcoe's mother, 15.

=Stamp Act.= =Dr= Effect of, in Canada, 33, 57.

=Stanley, Lord.= _See_ Derby.

=Stanmore, Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon, Baron= (1829- ). =Md= Lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick, at first opposes Confederation, but later exerts all his influence in its favour, 121-122. =B= Son of Earl of Aberdeen, opposed to Confederation, 187; reverses his attitude on instructions from colonial office, 187-188. =W= Organizes first military camp in New Brunswick, 136. =T= Hostile to Confederation, 97; son of Lord Aberdeen, 97; strong advocate of maritime union, 97; under pressure from England, favours Confederation, 98; relations with A. J. Smith, 103-104. =Bib.=: _Who's Who_, 1910.

=Star.= Newspaper published at Cobourg; established 1828. =Index=: =B= Estimate of George Brown, 72-73.

=Star.= Newspaper published at Toronto; established 1892. =Index=: =Mc= Opinion of Mackenzie, 4; on rebellion, 13; on Mackenzie as a reformer, 522.

=State Church.= =Sy= Provision made for, by Clergy Reserves, 77. _See also_ Clergy Reserves.

=Steadman, James.= =T= Postmaster-general, 51.

=Steamship Service.= The first steam vessel in Canadian waters was the _Accommodation_, which made her first trip between Montreal and Quebec in 1809. She was followed by the _Swift Sure_ in 1811. The _General Smyth_ made her first journey on the St. John River in 1816; and the _Frontenac_ was the pioneer steamer on Lake Ontario, 1817. The first vessel to cross the Atlantic under steam was the _Royal William_, built at Quebec, 1830-1831, and crossed the Atlantic, 1833. The _Unicorn_, built by Samuel Cunard, sailed from Liverpool to Halifax in 1840. The _Britannia_ followed the same year. The Allan Line began its career in 1852, the Dominion Line in 1870, the Canadian Pacific Steamship Line in 1859, and the Canadian Northern in 1910. =Index=: =H= Ocean service advocated by Joseph Howe, 232-234; established by Samuel Cunard, 234. _See also_ Allan; Cunard; Molson; _Accommodation_; _Royal William_. =Bib.=: Johnson, _First Things in Canada_.

=Steeves, William Henry= (1814-1873). Born at Hillsborough, New Brunswick. Represented Albert County in the Assembly, 1846-1851; member of Legislative Council, 1851-1867; surveyor-general, 1854-1855; commissioner of public works, 1855-1856, and 1857-1863; member of Intercolonial Railway Council, 1862; delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 1864; and Quebec Conference, 1864; called to the Senate, 1867. =Index=: =T= Member of New Brunswick government, 33, 43; delegate to England, 56; New Brunswick delegate to Charlottetown Conference, 73. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Steinhauer, Henry Bird= (1804-1885). A full-blooded Chippewa Indian. Born in the Ramah Indian settlement, Lake Simcoe, Ontario. Adopted in early life by a Pennsylvania family whose name he took and by whom he was educated. About 1840 went to the North-West with the Rev. James Evans. Established himself at Norway House, where he remained for fifteen years. Assisted Evans in his invention of the Cree syllabic characters. Translated almost the whole of the Old Testament, and the greater part of the New Testament, into Cree. About 1858 removed to Whitefish Lake and established the Methodist mission there.

=Steuben, Frederick William Augustus Henry Ferdinand, Baron von= (1730-1794). Served through Seven Years' War. In 1777 offered his services to the Continental Congress, and attached to main army under Washington, who made him inspector-general. Promoted major-general at Yorktown. =Index=: =S= Stores guarded by, captured by Queen's Rangers, 34. =Hd= Sent as envoy to demand surrender of western forts, 259. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Stevens.= =WM= Hostage, escapes from Quebec, 125.

=Stevenson, Captain.= =S= Accompanies Simcoe to Canada, 47.

=Stewart, Alexander= (1794-1868). Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Engaged in West India trade. Afterwards studied law and called to the bar of Nova Scotia, 1822. Elected to the Assembly, 1826; member of the Legislative Council, 1837; and of the Executive Council, 1840. In 1846 appointed Master of the Rolls and judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court. =Index=: =H= His independent attitude in Nova Scotia Assembly, 18, 35; standing in public life of the province, 35; deserts popular party, 41; delegate of Legislative Council to England to oppose representative government, 52, 56. =Bib.=: Campbell, _History of Nova Scotia_; Saunders, _Three Premiers of Nova Scotia_.

=Stewart, Sir William= (1774-1827). British general. =Index=: =Bk= In command of marines in expedition to Baltic, 24, 29; organizes Rifle Brigade, 25. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Stikine River.= Rises in northern British Columbia and flows into the Pacific, through Alaskan territory, after a course of 335 miles. The name is a corruption of the Thlinkit word _sta-hane_, meaning "the river." The mouth of the river was visited by Captain Cleveland in 1799. The Russians built Fort Dionysius there, in 1834, on the site of the present town of Wrangell. Three years later, the post was acquired by the Hudson's Bay Company, and renamed Fort Stikine. The upper waters of the river were visited by J. McLeod, of the Hudson's Bay Company, in 1834. The river was explored in 1863 by Lieutenant Pereleshin, of the Russian navy; and in 1866-1867 by the surveyors of the Western Union Telegraph Company. =Index=: =D= Attempt to establish Hudson's Bay Company fort there in 1834 frustrated by Russians, 119-120; Russians hand over their fort at mouth of river to Hudson's Bay Company, 121. =Bib.=: Blake, _Geographical Notes upon Russian America and the Stickeen River_; Dawson, _Report on Yukon District_ (Geol. Survey Report, 1887-1888).

=Stills=. =S= Taxes imposed upon, by Legislature of Upper Canada, 92.

=Stirling, Sir William Alexander, Earl of= (1567?-1640). King James gave him a patent, September, 1621, to the territory now embracing the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and the Gaspe peninsula. To further the colonization of his huge domain, Alexander instituted the baronetcy of New Scotland, or Nova Scotia. In 1628 the first colonists were landed at Port Royal. =Index=: =Ch= Equips vessel to operate against French colonies, 176; grant to, of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, etc., 223. _See_ Baronets of Nova Scotia. =Bib.=: Biggar, _Early Trading Companies of New France_; Rogers, _The Earl of Stirling's Register of Royal Letters Relative to the Affairs of Scotland and Nova Scotia_; Alexander, _An Encouragement to Colonies_ in Laing, _Royal Letters Relating to Colonization of New Scotland_; Patterson, _Sir William Alexander_ (R. S. C., 1892); Kirke, _The First English Conquest of Canada_.

=Stisted, Sir Henry William=. Educated at Sandhurst and entered the army as ensign, 1835. Served through the Persian War and the Indian Mutiny. Made major-general, 1864, and divisional commander of the troops in Upper Canada, 1866. Appointed first lieutenant-governor of Ontario, 1867; held office until July 14, 1868. Returned to England; knighted, 1871. Died in England, 1875. =Bib.=: Read, _Lieutenant-Governors of Upper Canada_.

=Stobo, Robert=. =WM= Former hostage with French, acts as guide to Carleton above Quebec, 124; said to have pointed out Le Foulon to Wolfe, 168.

=Stoney Creek, Battle of=. Took place on June 5, 1813, when the American troops, under Generals Chandler and Minder, were defeated by the British forces under Colonel (afterwards General) Harvey. The defeat was decisive, the two American generals being captured. It was a turning-point in the Niagara campaign. =Bib.=: Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_; Richardson, _War of 1812_; Brymner, _Battle of Stoney Creek_. _See also_ War of 1812.

=Stopford, Major=. =Dr= Commands force at Chambly, 93.

=Strachan, John= (1778-1867). Born in Aberdeen, Scotland. Graduated at King's College, Aberdeen, 1796. Came to Canada, 1799, and opened a school at Kingston. Ordained deacon, 1803, and priest, 1804. Became rector of York, 1812; archdeacon, 1827; and bishop of Toronto, 1839. Appointed to the Executive Council, 1815; and to the Legislative Council, 1818; remained a member of the former until 1836, and of the Legislative Council until 1841. =Index=: =R= Comes to Canada, 1799, to inaugurate educational policy, 36; his character, 37; takes orders in Church of England, and appointed rector of York, 37; called to Executive Council, 37, 46; his ambitious plans, 38; becomes archdeacon of York, 1827, 46; his commanding influence, 46; asserts pretensions of Church of England, 49; proposes sale of Clergy Reserves, 50; his sermon, 1826, 50-51, 63; his educational policy, 52; chairman of Board of Education, 58; asks legislative aid for theological students, 59; development of his policy, and of opposition to it, 61-63; outlines his views in sermon on death of bishop of Quebec, 67; visits England, 72; has bill introduced in Imperial Parliament for sale of portion of Reserves, 72; secures charter of King's College, 72-73; becomes first president, 73; his letter to Horton on church establishment in Upper Canada, 72; his ecclesiastical chart, 74; counter chart prepared by Dr. Lee, 75; evidence laid before parliamentary committee, 75; his speech before Legislative Council, 1828, 75-76; Ryerson's reply, 76-79; his fight for denominational schools, 243. =S= His arrival in Canada, 170; becomes bishop, 171. =Sy= Bishop of Toronto, his opposition to Sydenham's Clergy Reserves Bill, 247. =B= Denounces bill for secularization of King's College, 8; his environment, 260. =BL= Head of Home District Grammar School, 25, 106; Robert Baldwin one of his pupils, 25; and King's College, 192-193; leads opposition to Baldwin's University Bill, 195, 196; referred to by George Brown, 224; leads agitation against Baldwin's University Bill, 295; raises funds for an Anglican ministry, 295-296. =E= Secures charter for King's College, 93; deeply incensed at secularization of King's College, 94; his mistaken policy, 94-95; establishes Trinity College, 95; his uncompromising attitude in settlement of Clergy Reserves, 150; induces Sir John Colborne to create and endow forty-four rectories, 154; his report on this question, 156; dominant influence in Legislative Council, 157; opposes division of the Reserves, 159, 160; his final discomfiture, 169. =Mc= Proposes provincial university, 95. =Md= First bishop of Toronto, opposes secularization of King's College, 29-30; also opposes secularization of Clergy Reserves, 59. =W= His charter for King's College, Upper Canada, 51. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Rose, _Cyc. Can. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._; Bethune, _Memoir of Bishop Strachan_; Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=Strathcona and Mount Royal, Donald Alexander Smith, Baron= (1820- ). Born in Archieston, Morayshire, Scotland. Entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1838, and spent thirteen years at various trading-posts on the Labrador coast. Moved to the North-West, becoming chief factor, 1862; and afterwards resident governor and chief commissioner. Appointed by the Dominion government, in 1869, special commissioner to investigate the Riel Rebellion. Member of first Executive Council of the North-West Territories, 1870; represented Winnipeg in Manitoba Legislature, 1871-1874; elected for Selkirk to Dominion House, 1871, 1872, 1874, 1878; and represented West Montreal, 1887-1896. Appointed high commissioner for Canada in London, 1896. Knighted, 1886, and in 1897 raised to the peerage. =Index=: =D= Dugald McTavish succeeds, at Montreal, 1870, 265; drives last spike of Canadian Pacific Railway, Nov. 7, 1885, 326. =MS= Serves under Sir George Simpson in Hudson's Bay Company, 228; chief factor (1861), 228; serves in Labrador, 228. =Md= Takes part in debate on Pacific Scandal, 210; feels that the future of the West depends on Macdonald's return to power, 236; public spirit shown by, in building of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 237. =Bib.=: Willson, _Lord Strathcona_; Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Who's Who_. _See also_ Riel Rebellion, 1869-1870.

=Street, George F.= =W= Solicitor-general of Brunswick, 34.

=Street, John Ambrose.= =W= Supports the governor of New Brunswick, 46. =T= Attorney-general and leader of government, 19; introduces railway resolutions, 26, 53. =Bib.=: Hannay, _History of New Brunswick_.

=Strickland, Samuel= (1804-1867). Born at Reydon Hall, Suffolk; brother of Agnes Strickland, Mrs. Traill, and Mrs. Moodie. Entered the army, and reached the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Emigrated to Canada, 1826. =Bib.=: _Twenty-Seven Years in Canada West_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Strong, Sir Samuel Henry= (1825-1909). Born in Dorsetshire, England. Came to Canada studied law, and called to the bar of Upper Canada, 1849. Member of the commission for consolidating the statutes, 1856. Appointed vice-chancellor of Ontario, 1869; transferred to the Court of Error and Appeal, 1874; puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, 1875; and chief-justice, 1892-1902. Knighted, 1893. =Bib.=: Dent, _Can. Por._; Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Stuart, Andrew.= =Sy= Member of Constitutional Association, 112. =P= Declares the French Canadians to be "a race of gentlemen," 49; one of Papineau's followers, 197.

=Stuart, Archdeacon.= =Sy= Conducts funeral service of Lord Sydenham, 344.

=Stuart, George Okill= (1807-1884). Born in York, Upper Canada. Grandson of the Rev. John Stuart, _q.v._ Educated at Kingston and Quebec, and called to the bar of Lower Canada, 1830. Mayor of Quebec, 1846-1850; elected to represent Quebec in the Assembly, 1852; defeated at the general election, but again returned, 1857. Appointed by the Imperial government judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court of Quebec, 1873.

=Stuart, James.= =Ch= Erects fort in Cape Breton, 200.

=Stuart, Sir James= (1780-1853). Born at Fort Hunter, New York. Educated at King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. Appointed assistant secretary to the government of Lower Canada in 1800; and solicitor-general, 1801. Entered the House of Assembly, for Montreal, 1808; attorney-general for Lower Canada, 1825; and in 1831 suspended from office by Lord Aylmer, and suspension confirmed by colonial secretary; a few months later the injustice of the decision admitted, and offered the chief-justiceship of Newfoundland, but declined the position. Appointed chief-justice of Lower Canada by Durham in 1838. Created a baronet, 1841. =Index=: =Sy= Praised by _Colonial Gazette_, 140; consulted by Sydenham, 191; accompanies him to Upper Canada, 195. =E= Chief-justice of the Court of Appeal of Lower Canada, and succeeded in 1853, by Sir L. H. La Fontaine, 105. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Christie, _History of Lower Canada_.

=Stuart, John.= =MS= Chief factor of Hudson's Bay Company in New Caledonia, 221; accompanies Simon Fraser down the Fraser, 222; his intellectual tastes and correspondence, 222. =D= Accompanies Simon Fraser on voyage down the Fraser, 60; succeeds Simon Fraser in New Caledonia, 98; still in command in 1821 when Companies amalgamated, 98; goes to Mackenzie River, 1824, 99. =Bib.=: Fraser, _Journal_ in Masson, _Bourgeois de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest_.

=Stuart, Rev. John.= =S= First Church of England clergyman to arrive in Upper Canada, conducts school at Montreal, and then moves to Cataraqui (Kingston), 158; opens first school in the province, 166. =Hd= School-teacher at Montreal, 235; becomes rector at Cataraqui (Kingston), 236; supervises education of Indians, 265.

=Sturgeon Lake.= On the Saskatchewan. A notable place in the annals of the Western fur trade. Here the traders from Montreal built a post about 1772; and in 1774 Samuel Hearne built a rival post for the Hudson's Bay Company. The latter, Cumberland House, remained an important centre of the fur trade for many years, and is still in operation. By way of this lake, the fur traders' route lay north to Frog Portage and the Churchill River. =Index=: =MS= Frobishers build trading-post there in 1772, 4; its strategic importance, 4.

=Subercase, Lieutenant.= =F= In command at Lachine, on occasion of massacre, 225; sent to island of Orleans to watch Phipps, 303. =L= Anxious to attack Indians at Lachine, 226. =Bib.=: Parkman, _Old Regime_.

=Suete.= =WM= A swamp, near Ste. Foy, 252.

=Sullivan, John= (1740-1795). Commanded northern army during Revolutionary War in 1776; served in Canada; and took part in the battles of Trenton, Brandywine, and Germantown. =Index=: =Hd= Lays waste Iroquois settlements, 151. =Dr= In command of American army at Sorel, 145. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Sullivan, Robert Baldwin= (1802-1853). Born in Bandon, Ireland. Came to Canada with his father, 1819, and settled at York. Studied law and called to the bar, 1828. Practised for a time at Vittoria, in the county of Norfolk. Elected mayor of Toronto, 1835. Appointed to the Executive Council by Sir Francis Bond Head, 1836. Served in the militia during the Rebellion of 1837. Appointed to the Legislative Council, 1839; member of the first Executive Council after the union of Upper and Lower Canada; continued in office under the La Fontaine-Baldwin administration. Resigned office with his colleagues, 1843; defended the course of the ministry against Sir Charles Metcalfe in a series of letters in the _Examiner_, under the _nom de plume_ of "Legion." Again took office as provincial secretary in the second La Fontaine-Baldwin administration. Appointed judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, 1848; judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 1850. =Index=: =BL= Enters into law partnership with Baldwin, 32; his character, 32, 77; president of the Council, 1841, 76; Baldwin's attitude to, 80; member of Legislative Council, 83; defends the government, 130-131; remains in office under La Fontaine-Baldwin government, 133, 134; defends La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, in Metcalfe crisis, 214; speaks before Reform Association, Toronto, 223; in political controversy, 238, 243-244; provincial secretary, 284. =B= Writes series of letters, over signature of "Legion," on responsible government, 211; provincial secretary in Baldwin-La Fontaine government, 211; his address on resources of North-West Territories, 211; urges importance of British settlement of North-West, 211; and responsible government, 261. =Sy= Introduces union resolutions in Legislative Council, 209, 228; president of Council under union, 283; duties and salary, 334. =R= His connection with university scheme, 153. =E= Provincial secretary in La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 53. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_ and _Last Forty Years_; Read, _Lives of the Judges_.

=Sullivan, William Wilfrid= (1843- ). Born at New London, Prince Edward Island. Educated at Central Academy and St. Dunstan's College, Charlottetown. Engaged for a time in journalism; studied law and called to the bar, 1867. Elected to the Assembly; held office as attorney-general; premier, 1879-1889; chief-justice of Prince Edward Island, 1889. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Sully, Maximilien de Bethune, Duc de= (1560-1641). Trusted counsellor of Henry IV of France. =Index=: =Ch= False report of his death, 64. =Bib.=: _Memoires, 1634-1662_.

=Sulpicians.= A Canadian order, founded by Jean Jacques Olier, in 1640, as part of the threefold religious settlement of Ville Marie. Named after Olier's parish of St. Sulpice, in Paris. After Maisonneuve had laid the foundations of Montreal, the Sulpicians built their Seminary, and became proprietors of the island, much of which still remains in their possession. They encouraged settlement on their seigniory, and in 1666, when Queylus was superior, granted a large tract of land at Lachine to La Salle. Among the notable members of the order in its early days were the Abbe Fenelon and Dollier de Casson, the latter the historian of the order. =Index=: =F= Religious order, come to Montreal with Maisonneuve, 42; work of colonization done by, 56; Frontenac friendly to, 74; seigniors of the island of Montreal, 97; their missions, 166, 168. =L= Four priests of the order come to Canada, 25; peculiarly devoted to the Virgin Mary, 85; build new chapter house, 90; acquire island of Montreal and seigniory of St. Sulpice, 108, 135; large contributions of, to work of evangelization, 136; parish of Montreal attached to, 175; send petition to the king, 183; union with Foreign Missions of Paris, 221. =Sy= Incorporation of Seminary of, 255. =C= Their quarrel with Bishop Bourget, 80. =Bib.=: Dollier de Casson, _Histoire de Montreal_; Faillon, _Colonie Francaise en Canada_; Parkman, _La Salle_.

=Sulte, Benjamin= (1841- ). Born at Three Rivers. Served as a volunteer in the Fenian Raids, 1865-1866; employed in the Department of Militia and Defence, 1870-1903; president of Royal Society of Canada, 1904. =Index=: =Hd= On Haldimand, 291-292. =Bib.=: Works: _Les Laurentiennes_; _Chants Nouveaux_; _Melanges d'Histoire_; _Histoire des Canadiens-Francais_; _Pages d'Histoire du Canada_; _Histoire de la Milice Canadienne_; _Bataille de Chateauguay_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Sumner, Charles= (1811-1874). American statesman, and leader in the anti-slavery movement. Elected to Senate, 1851; chairman of committee on foreign affairs, 1861. =Index=: =B= Very favourable to Reciprocity Treaty, 226. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Sunday.= =S= Little observed in Simcoe's time, so far as transaction of public business was concerned, 198.

=Superior, Lake.= Area 31,800 square miles. Discovered by Etienne Brule, in 1622. In the next quarter century the devoted Jesuit Fathers penetrated to the shores of the lake. Jogues and Raymbault preached the Faith at the outlet of the lake in 1641; Menard attempted a mission on the south shore in 1661; and a few years later Allouez explored most of the same side. Radisson and Chouart penetrated to the western end of the lake and beyond in 1661; and Du Lhut covered much the same ground in 1678-1681. From that time, the shores of the lake became familiar ground to missionaries, explorers, and fur traders. =Bib.=: Kohl, _Wanderings round Lake Superior_; Agassiz, _Lake Superior_; Butterfield, _History of Brule's Discoveries_.

=Supreme Court of Canada.= Created by Act of Parliament in 1875. Consists of a chief-justice and five puisne judges, who, also constituted the Exchequer Court until 1887, when the latter was separated. The first chief-justice was Sir William Buell Richards, 1875-1879; succeeded by Sir William Johnston Ritchie, 1879-1892; Sir Samuel Henry Strong, 1892-1902; Sir Henri Elzear Taschereau, 1902-1906; and Sir Charles Fitzpatrick, since 1906. =Index=: =Md= Bill for establishment of, shaped, 1868-1870, but not passed until 1875, 151.

=Surprise.= =Dr= British frigate, arrival of, 137.

=Sutherland.= =WM= British frigate, with five other vessels, passes up the river, 123; Wolfe on board of, opposite Cap Rouge, 166; his last proclamation from, 172; Wolfe's conversation with Jervis on board of, 175; signal given from, for movement of the army, 179.

=Sutherland, Thomas J.= =Mc= Plans occupation of Navy Island, 412; his lack of discretion, 412; starts for Michigan, 418; reaches Detroit, 427; meets Handy, 427; lands on Bois Blanc Island, 428; taken by Loyalists, 431; found guilty, but released, 431. =Bib.=: Dent, _Upper Canadian Rebellion_.

=Sutton, H. T. Manners.= _See_ Canterbury.

=Suze, Treaty of.= Signed April 24, 1629. Under its terms peace was declared between France and England; the former French possessions in America to revert to France. The conditions were not fulfilled until three years later. =Index=: =Ch= Signed by England and France, April 24, 1629, 183; ancient possessions of England in America given to France by, 213. =Bib.=: Hertslet, _Treaties and Conventions_.

=Sweatman, Arthur= (1834-1909). Born in London, England. Educated at Christ College, Cambridge. Headmaster of Hellmuth College, London, Ontario, 1865-1872; rector of Grace Church, Brantford, 1872-1876; archdeacon of Brant, 1876-1879. Succeeded Dr. Bethune as bishop of Toronto, 1879; and in 1907 elected archbishop and metropolitan, and primate of all Canada. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._; Mockridge, _The Bishops of the Church of England in Canada and Newfoundland_.

=Swiss=. =Hd= Their bravery, 7, 8; take up lands in English colonies, 9; scheme to form them into a regiment, 9.

=Switzerland=. =Hd= Dangerous situation of, 4.

=Sydenham, Charles Edward Poulett Thomson, first Baron= (1799-1841). =Sy= Represented (as Charles Edward Poulett Thomson) city of Manchester in House of Commons, 2; his liberal views, 3; birth, 4; enters office of his father's firm at St. Petersburg, 5; introduced to best society there, 5; returns to England, 6; foreign travel, 6; linguistic acquirements, 6; returns to St. Petersburg, 7; visits central, southern, and eastern Russia, 7; spends part of winter at Vienna, 8; his journals, 8; death of his mother, 8; yields to prevalent mania for speculation, 10, 14; adopts new economic views, 12; becomes associated with philosophic Liberals, 13; candidate for representation of Dover in Commons, 13; incurs heavy expenses, 14; elected, 15; votes for reduction in duty on corn, 15; his view of politics, 16; his speech on the Navigation Acts, 17; advocates ballot and repeal of usury laws, 18; supports repeal of Test and Corporation Acts, 18; a believer in free trade, 18; moderate in his views, 19; suffers from gout, 20; spends winter in Paris and meets many able men, 20; speaks on parliamentary reform, 21; on the national system of taxation, 22, 23; recommends income tax, 24; made vice-president of Board of Trade, and treasurer of navy, 25; tariff reform and vested interests, 27, 29; takes little part in framing Reform Bill, 28; but devotes much attention to the public accounts, 28; negotiates commercial treaty with France, 29; his excessive labours, 30; elected both for Manchester and for Dover, 31; elects to sit for Manchester, 31; an advocate of commercial freedom, 33-38; great dinner given to, at Manchester, 37; his views on banking, 38; on the corn duties, 39; on free trade, 41; president of Board of Trade in reconstructed government, 43; Greville's description of, 43, 44; returns to office with Melbourne (1835), 46; re-elected (over Gladstone) for Manchester, 48; a departmental worker rather than an active politician, 49; description of, by Thomas Raikes, 49; makes commercial treaty with Austria, 50; founds school of design and promotes international copyright, 51; provides for regulation of railway charters, 53; collects statistics, 54; Lord Melbourne's estimate of his abilities, 56; accepts governor-generalship of Canada, in preference to chancellorship of the exchecquer, 57-59; instructor for Canada in principles of responsible government, 83; his tact in dealing with that question, 104; makes important changes in draft bill for reunion of provinces, 124; news of his appointment received in Canada, 129; appointment not acceptable to all parties, 129-132; Reformers of Upper Canada disposed to favour him, 133; article in _Colonial Gazette_ on his mission, 136-141; his views on question of French nationality, 137; on parties in Upper Canada, 138; on responsible government, 139; his instructions, 141; Lord John Russell's letter accompanying instructions to, 141-144; large discretion intrusted to him, 144; sails in frigate _Pique_ from Portsmouth, 147; arrival at Quebec, 147; his reflections on shipboard, 147, 148; sworn in, 149; his proclamation, 149, 150; address of the Quebec Committee of Trade, 152; meets Sir George Arthur at Montreal, 153; his task, to place Cabinet government in Canada on stable basis, 179, 187; forced to exercise an unusual measure of political control, 188; opposed by ultra-Tories and ultra-Radicals, 189; consults with Chief-Justice Stuart of Lower Canada, 191; summons Special Council of Lower Canada to consider question of union, 192; proceeds to Upper Canada, 195; describes navigation of the St. Lawrence, 196; arrives at Toronto and takes over government of province, 197; his significant reply to address of Toronto corporation, 198; calls for a return of revenue and expenditure of province, 198; describes condition of things in Upper Canada, 200-203; speech on opening of Upper Canada Legislature, 203, 204; thought too sympathetic with French-Canadians, 205, 233; carries union resolutions in Upper Canada Legislature, 203-210; his personal influence very marked, 210, 211; acknowledges support given to him by Reformers and moderate Conservatives, 213, 214; reports to the colonial secretary on the state of Upper Canada, 215-226; unpopular with French-Canadians, 233; decides to attempt settlement of Clergy Reserves question, 238; his message on the subject to the Legislative Assembly, 245, 246; secures passing of bill, 248; is non-committal on subject of responsible government, 249; his report on session to colonial secretary, 250, 251; goes to Montreal to meet Special Council, 253; describes situation in Lower Canada, 253-255; proceeds to Nova Scotia, 257; reports on situation there, 259-263; fails to anticipate full action of responsible government in the colonies, 263, 264; visits New Brunswick at request of Sir John Harvey, 264; returning to Canada, visits Eastern Townships, 265; tour through Upper Canada, 265-268; well received everywhere, 267; proposes to fix capital of united provinces at Kingston, 268; not so popular in Lower Canada, 269; notified that royal assent had been given to Union Act, 271; raised to peerage as Baron Sydenham and Toronto, 272; his strong desire that Union Act should provide a municipal system for Canada, 273-275; favours Kingston as seat of government, 281; authorized to proclaim Union, 282; appoints 10th of February, 1841, as date, 282; becomes from that date governor-in-chief of united province, 282; issues proclamation to people, 282; issues writ for general election, 282; his sympathy with French-Canadians, 284; changes electoral limits of Montreal and Quebec by attaching suburbs to adjoining counties, 285, 286; unable to give French-Canadians representation in his Cabinet owing to their rooted opposition to union, 288; supported by moderate Reformers, 291; his difficulty with Baldwin, 294-296; much aggrieved by Baldwin's action, 299; his analysis of the Legislature of 1841, 303, 304; his belief in theory of responsible government, 312, 313; his efforts to improve financial conditions, 315, 320; promises in speech from throne Imperial loan in aid of public works, 320; his views on emigration, 321; his satisfaction over passing of Local Government Bill, 325; interest in public works, 326; his plan for a bank of issue, 327; plan not suited to Canadian conditions at the time, 329; partial adoption of, many years later, 330; reorganizes public departments and Executive Council, 331-335; takes part in extradition and boundary negotiations with the United States, 336; serious illness, 337; sends resignation to take effect on close of session, 338; his confidence in the solidity of his work, 338; his absorption in his work, 339; receives Grand Cross of Bath, 340; meets with fatal accident, 341; his fortitude in suffering, 342; his last words to the Legislature, 342; his high opinion of Lord John Russell, 343; his death, 343; buried at Kingston, 344; eulogy of, by Dr. Ryerson, 346, 347; by Joseph Howe, 348, 349; general support given to his ideas by home government, 350; his special qualifications for his work in Canada, 352-355; gradually gains favour with French-Canadians, 355; his administration marks transition from the old system to the new, 356. =B= French-Canadians complain they are outraged by, 15-16. =E= His character, 2, 14; appointed governor-general to complete the union and establish responsible government, 26-29; his qualities, 29; his death, 30; his canal policy, 96-97; his proposed settlement of Clergy Reserves, 156-157. =C= Sent to Canada to carry out some of Durham's recommendations, 12; his character, 12; attitude towards Canadians, 12; secures approval of union scheme, 12-13; persuades Upper Canada to modify conditions of union, 14; wins the elections, 15; his constitutional battle with La Fontaine as to meaning of ministerial responsibility, 97; asked to disfranchise French of Lower Canada, 99. =R= Comes to Canada, supported by Ryerson, 122; his policy, 122; draws up resolutions on responsible government, 123-126; his influence on political life, 131; interview with Ryerson, 163; his death, 163. =H= Visits Nova Scotia, and discusses political situation with Joseph Howe and other leaders, 68. =P= His views as to political situation in Nova Scotia, 24; requests La Fontaine to enter Draper ministry, 72; referred to by Papineau, 171; his aim in bringing about union of the Canadas to crush the French-Canadians, according to La Fontaine, 174-175. =BL= In period of reconstruction, 50; sent to Canada as governor-general, 59; his previous career, 59; becomes Baron Sydenham and Toronto, 59; takes over government, and lays his plans before the Special Council, 59-60; his special project the union of the Canadas, 60-61; visits Upper Canada, 61; appoints Baldwin solicitor-general of Upper Canada, 63; his attitude towards responsible government, 64-67; union project, 67-71; describes a journey in Canada in 1839, 74-75; summons Legislature, 1841, 75; appoints Legislative and Executive Councils, 75, 83; correspondence with Baldwin as to personnel of Cabinet, 79-80, 81; succeeds in carrying on the government, 85; on the luxurious surroundings of colonial legislators, 86; absent from meeting of the Houses, 86; his speech from the throne, 89; his public policy, 90; his views as to his constitutional position, 97-98, 137; legislation as to municipal government, 100-105; the resolutions on constitutional government, 109-111; his death, Sept. 19, 1841, 111; Turcotte and McMullen on, 111-112; his character, 111-112; referred to in La Fontaine's speech, 128; changes boundaries of constituencies of Montreal and Quebec for political purposes, 146; this and other legislation of his repealed in 1842, 146-147; on responsible government, 161, 162, 163; dissatisfaction with his selection of Kingston as capital, 180; his instructions, 230; and Ryerson, 241; his application of the constitutional system, 274; municipal legislation under, 299. =Mc= On state of province, 406; would not have fought against rebels, 407; praises Reformers, 407; opposition from Family Compact, 407; gives responsible government, 409; surprised people had not rebelled sooner, 477. =Md= Advocate of responsible government, 17; his death, 17; secures passage, by Assembly, of Act secularizing Clergy Reserves, 1840, but on being sent to England, it is disallowed on technical grounds, 59-60. =W= His despatch to Lord John Russell on the Executive Council, 113. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Scrope, _Memoir of Life of Sydenham_.

=Sydney.= An important seaport of Nova Scotia; formerly the capital of the colony of Cape Breton. Founded in 1784, and the seat of the local government until 1820, when the island was united to Nova Scotia. Incorporated as a town in 1886, and received a city charter in 1904. =Bib.=: _Nelson's Ency._

=Sydney, Thomas Townshend, first Viscount= (1733-1800). Entered Parliament, 1754; lord of the treasury, 1765; war secretary, 1872; and home secretary, 1783. The office of home secretary then included the colonies. =Index=: =Dr= Secretary of state, discusses with Carleton future of Canada, 224; his correspondence with Carleton, 242; succeeded in colonial office by Grenville, 248. =Hd= Du Calvet's petition to, 284-288; Haldimand's intercourse with, 310, 315, 322, 326, 337; speech to, 327. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Syndics.= =F= Local representatives without votes, provided for in first council, 37.

=Tache, Alexandre Antoninus= (1823-1894). Born in Riviere du Loup, Quebec, and educated at Quebec and Montreal. In 1845 volunteered as a missionary to the Indians on the Great Lakes, and in the same year ordained to the priesthood. Founded several missions, schools, colleges, and convents in the North-West. In 1853 became bishop of St. Boniface, and in 1871 made archbishop. =Index=: =C= His missions, 69; warns government of trouble with half-breeds, 70; his visit to Rome, 70; recalled to placate half-breeds, 70. =Md= Warns Sir Georges Cartier of trouble in North-West, 157-158; on causes of rebellion, 240. =Bib.=: Works: _Sketch of the North-West of America_; _Vingt Annees de Missions dans la Nord-Ouest_. For biog., _see_ David, _Vie de Tache_; Benoit, _Vie de Mgr. Tache, Archeveque de St. Boniface_; Dent, _Can. Por._

=Tache, Sir Etienne Pascal= (1795-1865). Born in St. Thomas, Quebec. Served during the War of 1812-1815. Studied medicine, practising until 1841. Entered Parliament, and in 1848 became commissioner of public works. Held the position of receiver-general from 1849 to 1856. Appointed to Legislative Council, 1856; subsequently elected Speaker; shortly after became premier, with John A. Macdonald as attorney-general and leader of the lower House. In 1858 visited England; knighted by Queen Victoria; appointed to the honorary rank of colonel in the British army, and made an aide-de-camp to the queen. For a few months in 1864 became premier in conjunction with Macdonald, but on the defeat of the government retired from public life. =Index=: =C= Replaces Morin in Liberal-Conservative administration, 33; with Cartier, induces Grand Trunk to extend line from Quebec to Riviere du Loup, 49; intrusted by Lord Monck with duty of forming a Cabinet, 68; alliance with Upper Canadian Conservatives, 99. =BL= Chief commissioner of public works, in second La Fontaine-Baldwin ministry, 284; in Assembly for six years (1841-1846), held office of deputy adjutant-general, given seat in Legislative Council, 284-285. =E= Chief commissioner of public works in La Fontaine-Baldwin Cabinet, 53; his historic saying as to British supremacy in America, 56; a Liberal leader in Lower Canada, 109; receiver-general in Hincks-Morin government, 113; retains same office in reconstructed ministry in 1853, 126. =B= Challenges Brown to publish Cardinal Wiseman's pastoral in the _Globe_, 44; said to have advised Roman Catholics to oppose secularization of Clergy Reserves, 48; forms ministry, 1864, 149; leads coalition government, 159; presents case for Confederation in Upper Chamber, 169; his death, July 30, 1865, 189; his character, 189; his prejudice against the Rouges, 200. =R= Introduces Separate School Bill, 230. =Md= Takes Morin's place in the Cabinet, 74; forms administration with Macdonald, 1856, 80; failing health forces him to resign, 83; induced to leave his retirement, and form another administration with Macdonald, which lasts only a few weeks, 90-91; chairman of Confederation Conference held at Quebec, 104; his death, 122. =T= His government weak, and defeated in 1864, 69; delegate to Quebec Conference, 76; president of Conference, 77. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Can. Por._ and _Last Forty Years_; Taylor, _Brit. Am._

=Tadoussac.= A town in Saguenay County, Quebec, situated at the confluence of the Saguenay River with the St. Lawrence. Founded in 1599 by Chauvin, and visited by Champlain in 1603 and 1609. In the days of the early French colonists, a centre of the seal fisheries and the fur trade. =Index=: =Ch= Champlain arrives at, May 24, 1603, 10; derivation of name, 10; early date at which fishing vessels resorted thither, 59; seat of the fur trade, 119; Recollet mission at, 167.

=Tait, Sir Melbourne McTaggart= (1834- ). Born at Melbourne, Quebec. Educated at St. Francis College, Richmond. Studied law in Montreal, and graduated B. C. L. at McGill University, 1862; called to the bar, 1863; practised at Melbourne and afterwards at Montreal. In 1882 created Q. C.; in 1886 became a fellow-in-law in McGill University; in 1887 appointed judge of the Superior Court of Quebec; in 1894 acting chief-justice; and in 1906 chief-justice. On the completion of the sixtieth year of Queen Victoria's reign in 1897, knighted. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; _Canadian Who's Who_.

=Talbot, Thomas= (1771-1853). Rose to the rank of colonel in the British army, and for a time attached to the staff of Governor Simcoe. Resigning his commission, obtained in 1801 a grant of 5000 acres on the north shore of Lake Erie for the purposes of a settlement, and devoted himself to its development. Brought out a band of colonists from England, and others followed. Port Talbot became the centre of an ever-widening region of cultivated land, until before his death twenty-eight townships had been settled as the result of his efforts. =Index=: =S= Aide-de-camp to Simcoe, 177; returns to Ireland, later returns to Canada, and forms a settlement in western Ontario, 178. =Bib.=: _Six Years in the Canadas_. For biog., _see_ _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Dent, _Can. Por._; Taylor, _Brit. Am._ _See also_ Coyne, _The Talbot Papers_ (R. S. C., 1907).

=Talbot Settlement.= _See_ Talbot, Thomas.

=Talleyrand-Perigord, Charles Maurice, Prince de= (1754-1838). French statesman. =Index=: =Bk= Foreign secretary under Napoleon, 81. =Bib.=: For biog., _see_ works of Taine, Mignet, Bastive, Lamartine, and Guizot.

=Tallon, Major.= =Bk= In command of 3d Brigade, 247.

=Talon, Jean-Baptiste= (1625-1691). Born in Picardy, France. Held offices in the intendancies of Bordeaux and Lyons, and intendant of Hainant from 1661 to 1663. In 1663 intendant of New France. During his administration in Canada, was the first to build ships in the colony; opened up trade between Canada and the West Indies; established the first brewery in North America; and developed cod fisheries along the St. Lawrence. In 1668 left for France, but returned to Canada in 1670, and resumed the intendancy. In 1672 returned to France, and for several years held high positions in the king's household. =Index=: =F= Intendant, 51; character, 54; attitude to the clerical power, 55; labours for the prosperity of the country, 55; recalled at his own request, 60; instructed to guard against ecclesiastical encroachments, 69; secures permission for Recollets to return to Canada, 72. =L= Appointed intendant, 51; arrival of, 79; his zeal for settlement of the country, 79, 80; his high character, 81; takes steps to develop St. Maurice mines, 82; sends Perrot to visit western and northern tribes, 82; promotes explorations of Jolliet and Marquette, 82; recommends de Queylus to Colbert, 107, 135; to counterbalance influence of Jesuits, brings out Recollet Fathers, 109; obtains decree permitting sale of liquor to the Indians, 113; styled the "Canadian Colbert," 113; his exertions for the good of the colony, 114-116; returns to France, 143; his reports prejudice mind of Colbert against clergy, 170. =E= His seigniory of Des Islets made a barony in 1671, 181. =WM= Montcalm marries his grand-niece, 5. =Bib.=: _Memoire sur l'Etat Present du Canada, attribute a M. Talon_ (Quebec Lit. and Hist. Soc., _Hist. Doc._, 1st ser., 1840); Parkman, _Frontenac_; Garneau, _Histoire du Canada_; Faillon, _Histoire de la Colonie Francaise_; Bibaud, _Histoire du Canada sous la Domination Francaise_; Ferland, _Cours d'Histoire du Canada_; Miles, _Canada under French Regime_; Kingsford, _History of Canada_; Colby, _Canadian Types of the Old Regime_; Roy, _Intendants de la Nouvelle France_ (R. S. C., 1903); Chapais, _Jean Talon_.

=Tanguay, Cyprien= (1819-1902). Born in the city of Quebec. Graduated at Quebec Seminary in 1839, and ordained priest 1843. In 1860 removed to St. Germain, and instrumental in building the cathedral for the diocese of Rimouski, as also the college and convent in that diocese. Entered the service of the Canadian government in 1865, and for some years connected with the statistics branch of the Department of Agriculture. In 1867 went to Paris to report on the French archives bearing on Canadian history. In 1883 received the honorary degree of Litt.D. from Laval University, and in 1886, being one of the original fellows of the Royal Society of Canada, received the Confederation medal from the Dominion government. In 1887 visited Europe and reported on the historical archives. Subsequently created a _Prelat Romain_ by the pope. =Bib.=: _Dictionnaire Genealogique des Familles Canadiennes_. For biog., _see_ Morgan, _Can. Men_.

=Tanswell, J.= =Hd= Schoolmaster at Quebec, 234.

=Tarieu de Lanaudiere, Charles.= Member of an old French family, originally of Guienne; settled in Canada about 1665. Commanded a part of the Canadian militia at Carillon, in 1758; remained in Canada after the conquest, and became aide-de-camp to Dorchester; served against the Americans in 1775, and accompanied the governor to England. Afterwards appointed a legislative councillor, and deputy postmaster-general for Canada. =Index=: =Dr= In command of militia, 187; offered to settle his seigniory with freeholders, 255. =WM= Canadian officer, sent to prevent landing at St. Paul's Bay, 89.

=Tariff.= =BL= Increased in 1841, 99; and 1842, 147; on agricultural products, and live stock, 189; Act of 1849, 292, 302.

=Tarleton, Sir Bonastre= (1754-1833). Born in Liverpool. Educated at Oxford University; and joined the army in 1775. In 1776 came to America as a volunteer with Cornwallis, and became major in Colonel Harcourt's Regiment of Dragoons. Given command of the "British Legion" or "Tarleton's Green Horse," and with this force was in constant action against the enemy. In 1780 met and severely defeated Colonel Burford's detachment at Waxhaw Creek; arrived at Camden in time to complete the rout of General Gates's left wing; and overwhelmed the army of General Sumter at Fishing Creek. Badly beaten by the American force under General Daniel Morgan at Cowpens, 1781. In 1782 returned to England, and promoted to colonel; from 1790 to 1812 a member of Parliament; in 1817 made lieutenant-general; and created a baronet in 1818. =Index=: =Dr= Commands British Legion, 202. =Bib.=: _Cyc. Am. Biog._

=Taschereau.= =Bk= Arrested, 127; discharged, 128. =C= Claims liberty of the press, 95; sent to jail, 95. =P= Name struck off militia list by Sir James Craig, 28; sent to jail, 29; released, 29.

=Taschereau, Elzear Alexandre= (1820-1898). Born at Ste. Marie de la Beauce, Quebec. Educated at the Seminary of Quebec; subsequently travelled throughout Europe; and in 1837 entered the Grand Seminary at Quebec. In 1842 ordained to the priesthood in his native parish. In 1847, while attending the sick and dying immigrants at Grosse Island, stricken with fever. In 1854 went to Rome, and in 1856 received the degree of D.D. In 1860 elected superior of the Quebec Seminary, the appointment including the rectorship of Laval University. In 1871 consecrated archbishop of Quebec, in succession to Archbishop Baillargeon. In 1872 founded the Hotel Dieu du Sacre-Coeur at Quebec, and also instrumental in restoring the church at St. Anne de Beaupre. In 1886 created cardinal. Towards the end of 1894 retired from the administration of his diocese. =Index=: =C= Disapproves of appeal of _Le Parti Catholique_, 82-83. =L= Attributes establishment of first brotherhood of Holy Family to Father Pijard, 86. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._; Tetu, _Le Cardinal Taschereau_; Hamel, _Taschereau_.

=Taschereau, Sir Henri Elzear= (1836- ). Born at Ste. Marie de la Beauce, Quebec. Educated at Quebec Seminary; called to the bar, 1857, and practised in Quebec. From 1861 to 1867 represented Beauce in the Canadian Assembly. In 1867 appointed a Q. C.; and in 1868 clerk of the peace for the district of Quebec. In 1871 judge of the Quebec Superior Court; in 1878 judge of the Supreme Court of Canada; and in 1902 chief-justice; retired, 1906. In 1904 a member of the Imperial Privy Council. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Can. Men_; Dent, _Can. Por._

=Tasse, Joseph= (1848-1895). Born in Montreal. Educated at Bourget College. Chose journalism as his profession; in 1867 became editor of _Le Canada_; from 1869 to 1872 associate editor of _La Minerve_; and a director of _La Revue Canadienne_. About the same period appointed assistant French translator of the House of Commons. In 1878 elected to the House of Commons for Ottawa, and re-elected 1882; member of the Senate from the province of Quebec, 1891-1895. =Index=: =MS= On Seven Oaks affair, 184. =Bib.=: _Canadiens de L'Ouest_.

=Taylor, Brigadier-General.= =Hd= In command at Pensacola, 65; his dispute with Governor Johnstone, 69; at St. Augustine, 75.

=Taylor, Sir Henry= (1800-1886). Born in England. In 1824 appointed to the permanent staff of the colonial office, with which he was connected until 1872. In 1835 declined the offer of the governorship of Upper Canada. =Index=: =W= His characterization of Lord Glenelg, 42. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Taylor, John Fennings= (1817-1882). Born in London, England. Educated at Radley, England, and came to Canada, 1836. Held various clerical offices under the Assembly and Council of Canada, and after Confederation was appointed deputy clerk of the Senate. Died in Old Point Comfort, Va. =Index=: =E= On John Sandfield Macdonald's reproof to Lord Elgin, 129-130. =Bib.=: Works: _Portraits of British Americans_; _The Last Three Bishops Appointed by the Crown for British North America_; _Life and Death of the Hon. Thomas D'Arcy McGee_; _Are Legislatures Parliaments?--A Study and Review_.

=Tecumseh= (1768-1813). Born near the site of Springfield, Ohio. First appeared as a brave in a battle with Kentucky soldiers about 1788. In the campaign of 1794-1795 between American troops and Indians, came into prominence as a daring warrior. In 1805 he and his brother Ellskwatawa, the Prophet, formed the project of uniting all the western tribes of Indians in a war against the Americans. With this object visited the different tribes and induced many to join his ranks. In the campaigns of 1812-1813 joined the British against the Americans, and wounded at the battle of Maguaga. In 1812 given the rank of brigadier-general. In 1813 killed at the battle of Moravian town, on the Thames, while leading his Indian troops on the British side. =Index=: =Bk= Shawnee warrior, desirous of uniting all the Indian tribes for their common defence, 150; proposes alliance with United States, 150; his overtures being rejected, decides on war, 151, 176; repulses Americans at Canard River, 237; disperses force of the enemy on their own territory, 237; in fight at Maguaga, 241; his opinion of Brock, 246; appearance, dress, and character, 246, 247; leads Indians in attack on Detroit, 254; his commendation of Brock, 257. =Bib.=: Morgan, _Cel. Can._; Dent, _Can. Por._; Drake, _Life of Tecumseh_; Eggleston, _Tecumseh and the Shawnee Prophet_; Tupper, _Life and Correspondence of Brock_; Tupper, _Family Records_; Lucas, _Canadian War of 1812_.

=Teganissorens (Decanisora).= =F= Onondaga orator, 338.

=Telegraph Companies.= =BL= Incorporated in 1847, 277-278.

=Temple, Richard Temple Grenville, Earl= (1711-1779). Represented Buckingham and Buckinghamshire in Parliament, 1734-1752; first lord of the Admiralty, 1756-1757; lord privy seal, 1757-1761. =Index=: =WM= Witnesses singular behaviour of Wolfe at house of Pitt, 65, 66. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._

=Temple, Sir Thomas= (1614-1674). Born in England. Given a grant of land in Nova Scotia, in 1656; induced Cromwell to confirm it, and in 1657 appointed governor of Acadia. Sailed for America, and occupied the forts of St. John and Pentagoet. On the restoration of Charles II, his claims were again in jeopardy, but were eventually confirmed. In 1662 created by Charles II a baronet of Nova Scotia, and again appointed governor. In 1667 Nova Scotia was ceded to France, and in 1670 forced to resign his claims to the territory. Afterwards settled in Boston, finally returning to England. =Index=: =F= English governor of Acadia, 1656, 268. =Bib.=: _Dict. Nat. Biog._; Murdoch, _History of Nova Scotia_.

=Tessoueat.= =Ch= Algonquian chief, 10, 75, 77.