Chapter XVIII: Part 18

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When the sidestick or footstick is so long as to project one beyond the other, it prevents the quoin from passing, and in unlocking causes a great deal of trouble to get it out; I have, in such cases, frequently seen the sidestick broken or spoiled in the attempt, and a page squabbled or broken. This arises from carelessness or idleness, both which generally cause more trouble ultimately than if the work were properly performed in the first instance. If it be thought unnecessary or wasteful to cut down side or foot sticks for a job, or a pamphlet, when there are none of a proper length in the house, a piece of furniture taken out of the drawer of the proper length and width, and placed inside next the page, will remedy the inconvenience, and cause the quoin to be driven with ease.

When placing the furniture about the pages leave the ends of the page cords out, so that they may be easily taken off, without the necessity of disturbing the pages to find the end, which will be the case if they be tucked in.

The furniture being now round the pages, I would recommend to the compositor to put some quoins round the form, not with any particular care that they fit, but merely to secure the pages, and by their means to push them up close to the heads, backs, and gutters.

After having taken a page cord from a page push up that page close to the furniture at the back and head, by means of the side and foot stick, to prevent the letters at the ends of the lines from falling down, and also tighten the quoins gently with your fingers.

All the page cords being taken off, and the pages pushed up close at the sides and heads, it will next be necessary to examine particularly that the margin be right; as also to put one or two scaleboards in all the backs and the heads between the furniture and the crosses. These scaleboards enable the pressmen to make register if there be any inequality in the furniture or the crosses, by changing their situations, or taking some of them away; they also enable the compositor to make the distance between the pages in the backs and heads uniform, which should always be the case; and no form of book work that has to be printed on both sides of the paper should ever be imposed without them. But scaleboard is never used in the gutters.

The form has now to be quoined, which many compositors are in the habit of doing very carelessly, thinking that if the form lifts it is quite sufficient. This is an erroneous opinion, and frequently causes errors from the slovenly manner in which the quoining is done, letters and even lines dropping out when the form is laid on the press, or taken off, which do not always get replaced correctly; and the pages are more likely to fall out if they stand a few days at the end of a bulk. As I have previously described the imposing of an octavo, I shall continue my observations with respect to that size, but the principle is the same whatever the size may be. I would have two quoins for each sidestick, not put in indiscriminately, but the furthest quoin when driven tight, to be about three quarters of an inch from the broad end of the sidestick, which will allow room for the shooting stick in unlocking, as also for the form being tightened if the furniture shrinks; and the other quoin when driven tight to be its whole length fairly within the sidestick, because this end of the stick being thin, will be liable to spring from the page if the quoin be driven far in, and thus leave the letters behind insecure, and in danger of falling out: I would have two for the footstick in the same situations, and a third in the middle to cover the end of the gutter. Each quarter, of a form of octavo, thus quoined, will be perfectly secure when the quoins are driven tight, provided the pages be made up to the same length, and the lines properly justified; should this not be the case, the compositor will be obliged to vary the quoining, to meet the evil of bad workmanship.

Before he tightens his quoins he examines whether the pages in the same quarter be of equal length, which he does by pressing against the footstick with his thumbs, and raising it a little from the stone; if it lifts up with it equally the ends of both the pages against which it presses, he is satisfied they are right, and tries the other quarters in the same manner; if he finds any of the pages short, he examines them to find out where the deficiency is and supplies it; sometimes a lead is wanting, sometimes a line. This will arise occasionally from the carelessness of some compositors who will not take the trouble of cutting a gauge by which to make up their pages, but do it by counting the lines; they sometimes omit a line, sometimes have a line too much, and sometimes are equally incorrect with their leads: in other cases I have known gauges cut carelessly of an improper length, which causes the same evil; and it also occasionally arises from having the gauges of three or four different works cut on the same piece of reglet, and mistaking one for the other. _See_ GAUGE.

I should now push the quoins up all round with my fingers, to confine the pages slightly, and then plane the form down gently by striking the planer with the fist; if any letters stand up they are easily pressed down by this mode of proceeding, without injuring their face; after this is done, it is necessary to examine the sides of the pages, to see that no letters have slipped out of their places at the ends of the lines, which is frequently the case when pages which have been tied up have lain under the frame some time; it may also happen in taking the page cords off, particularly if they be knotted. Having examined the pages, and rectified any thing that was found amiss, which is easily done in this state of the form, I should gently tighten the quoins all round the form in an equal manner with the mallet and shooting stick, and then plane down, but not violently; if any letters stand up, from some substance being underneath, as a space, or a letter, or a bit of the page paper, which will sometimes get torn off and remain, it will be better to omit planing that part down for the present, as it would only injure the type and answer no good purpose: the quoins should then be driven as tight as is necessary, still doing it regularly and equally all round the form, when the form should be planed down again, which may be done with firmer blows than before, still omitting the part where the letters stand up.

The form may now be lifted from the stone at the front edge, just sufficient to allow the compositor to see whether it will rise or not, but not so high as that a letter would drop out; if it dances, it must be dropped down again upon the stone, and the lines tightened by thrusting the point of a bodkin between some of the words, and tightening the quoins; thus bad workmanship causes fudges, and in this case is never safe, for the letters are always in danger of being drawn out at press. But it may arise from a letter having slipped down at the end of a line: in this case the remedy is easy, to unlock the quarter and put the letter in its proper place; when this is done, and the form will rise, take the substance that was under it completely away, lay the form down again, loosen the quoins in that quarter, then plane it down, and lock it up as before directed.

The forms should now be brushed over with the letter brush, and taken to the proof press, and the pressman should be told to pull them,--In some houses the proof press is in the press room, in that case the compositor either calls out “Proof,” or asks, “Who’s in Proofs?” and then tells the party how it is to be pulled, First Proof, or Clean; sometimes the proof press is in the composing room, and the compositor either calls out “Proof” to them, or rings a bell, different houses having different customs in this respect.

I would always put the flat side of the furniture upwards, as it is more convenient for the pressmen, when it is necessary to place bearers on the frisket; since they operate better on this surface than on the hollow side, and can be placed on any part of it.

In my opinion it is preferable to have each part of the furniture in one piece, where it is practicable; as, for instance, the gutters, the backs, and the heads; which prevents the pieces from being transposed, and the margin from getting wrong: but sometimes pieces will be wanted of a width that is not equal to any regular size, and then two must be used.

To prevent as much as possible one piece of furniture from being mistaken for another in the hurry of business, I would cut all the gutters of one sheet of a precise length; so also would I do with the backs, as also with the heads; but each sort should be of a different length from that of the others;--thus, though all the gutters would be exactly of a length, yet would they be of a different length from that of the heads and backs, and so of the others; and thus they would be easily distinguished from each other, and mistakes would be prevented.

The sheet being now imposed, the stone must be cleared; the saw and saw block put in their places--the shears--the mallet, planer, and shooting stick--the surplus furniture--the scaleboard--the quoins--and every other article; for in most houses there is a fine for leaving a foul stone. The compositor will tie up his page cords, and if he has any companions will return to them their proportion.

In imposing a sheet from the furniture of one that has been worked off, in the regular process of business, there are certain circumstances to be attended to, which are frequently omitted:--The chase and furniture of one form should always be used for a similar form; that is, the chase and furniture of the outer form should be again used for an outer form, and the chase and furniture of the inner form should be again used for an inner form; they should also be put round the pages in the same order in which they were put about those of the preceding forms. For want of care or thought in these apparently trifling circumstances a great deal of trouble, inconvenience, and loss of time, are frequently incurred; for the register will be almost sure to be wrong when this is neglected, and then the forms must be unlocked, and the scaleboards changed, some of them having to be taken out, or fresh ones to be inserted, and this accompanied by a great deal of dissatisfaction.

I have found it to be a saving of time to be a little methodical in imposing; I take out my quoins and lay them on the adjoining pages in their regular order, then, after the chase has been put over the pages, and the furniture about them, there is no loss of time in replacing the quoins, or in finding the proper situation for each of them: the page cords are then taken off; the quoins tightened; the form planed down, &c., as detailed in the preceding paragraphs for imposing the first sheet of a work.

It should always be borne in mind that the quoins ought to be tightened regularly and uniformly round the form; for if one quarter be locked up at once before the quoins are tightened in the other quarters, the whole will be distorted, and the pressmen will have great difficulty in making register.

After the furniture has been taken from a form for the purpose of imposing another, it will be the means of preventing the matter for distribution from going into pie if the compositor tie a cord about each page; at least it may prevent an accident, and save him some trouble.

The chases for a sheet ought always to be in pairs; for if they be of different sizes, or the rims of different thickness, it causes the pressmen to lose time in making register, when both forms are worked at the same press, and often occasions the spoiling of two or three sheets of paper before that object is accomplished.

Before the compositor locks up his form, but after the pages are pushed up close to the backs and the heads, he should cut a gauge to fit exactly the intervals between the backs and the heads; and a sheet should never be carried into the press room for press, without the margin having been tried by this gauge to see that it is right, and to correct it, if it should be wrong: for as the pressmen have frequently occasion to alter the scaleboards in working the reiteration, this alteration will necessarily affect the furniture of the succeeding sheet. I have always used two small pieces of clean reglet, brevier or longprimer, and have cut them to the precise length; I wrote on both in ink the name of the work to prevent mistakes, as also the words ‘Back’ and ‘Head’ on each respectively; made a hole through them with my bodkin, tied them together with a piece of page cord, and hung them on a nail within my frame, so that they were always ready for use.

I shall now enumerate the tables of imposition in the following pages, and add observations where it may appear necessary, to make them as clear as it is in my power to do, not only to facilitate the operation, but in many instances to give information that may be of service; and in some cases to accommodate the bookbinder, who is seldom thought of in a printing office, but who, in my opinion, ought to be constantly considered: for I hold that the binding of a book should be always kept in view, as we are all anxious to see how our work looks when it is splendidly dressed by his skill; and it would consequently not be just if we did not do all in our power to accommodate him: stating this opinion will also show my reason for making some of the observations, as it is a point that has hitherto been neglected in all practical works on printing.

I shall also notice the errors, where they occur, of my predecessors, not for the sake of finding fault, or of depreciating their labours, but to save trouble to the workman; for, by some unaccountable cause, wherever Luckombe has made a mistake, or committed an error, it has been copied by subsequent writers, who do not appear to have examined his arrangement of the pages, but to have taken it for granted they were right, and have thus continued his errors.

The writers since Smith have not, I think, reasoned correctly on this part of a practical work; they seem to have made a merit of not adding to this department, by attending too strictly to an observation of his, saying that there may be many more fanciful ways of folding a sheet of paper. So there may, with which it may not be necessary to encumber a book; but why reject those that are useful and of frequent occurrence? why omit giving the mode of imposing fragments that continually occur at the end of a work? and that generally cause loss of time in arranging them, which might easily have been avoided; which omission I have endeavoured to supply: for this is the part of a work on printing that may be equally useful as a reference to the experienced workman as to the novice, and which I have frequently seen much wanted.

Smith’s words are, after enumerating the different Tables of Imposition which he has given--“More Irregular Sizes we have not thought fit to introduce; else we might have drawn out Schemes for Imposing Six’s, 10’s, 14’s, 20’s, 28’s, 30’s, 40’s, 42’s, 50’s, 56’s, 60’s, 80’s, 100’s, and 112’s; these, and several more being Sizes that have been found out not so much for use as out of fancy, to show the possibility of folding a piece of paper into so many various forms.”--p. 257. Upon this passage have all subsequent writers formed their excuse for leaving the different methods of imposing pages in an imperfect and erroneous state: the errors commenced with Luckombe.

As it may facilitate reference, I have given in the following enumeration the initials of the different authors in whose works the same forms will be found.--M. refers to Moxon; Sm. to Smith; L. to Luckombe; St. to Stower; J. to Johnson; H. to Hansard; Ma. to Magrath; and Mas. to Mason. Where there are no initials, the arrangement has not, to my knowledge, been given before in any English book, and is only to be found in this work.

TABLES OF IMPOSITION.

When imposing the first sheet of a new work, it may be serviceable to refer to the preceding observations, for a choice of the best method; and also for directions how to transpose the pages in working the reiteration, when a transposition is required.

_The running Number corresponds with that in the Enumeration._

1. ABSTRACT OF TITLE DEEDS.

2. SHEET OF FOLIO.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 4 | | 3 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| A | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

3. SHEET OF FOLIO. HEBREW.

_Inner Form._ _Outer Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 1 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | A |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

4. TWO SHEETS OF FOLIO, QUIRED.

_Outer Form of the Outer Sheet._ _Inner Form of the Outer Sheet._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| A | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

_Outer Form of the Inner Sheet._ _Inner Form of the Inner Sheet._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 3 | | 6 | | 5 | | 4 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| A2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

5. THREE SHEETS OF FOLIO, QUIRED.

_Outer Form of the Outer Sheet._ _Inner Form of the Outer Sheet._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 12 | | 11 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

_Outer Form of the Second Sheet._ _Inner Form of the Second Sheet._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 3 | | 10 | | 9 | | 4 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

_Outer Form of the Third Sheet._ _Inner Form of the Third Sheet._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 5 | | 8 | | 7 | | 6 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B3 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

6. HALF A SHEET OF FOLIO.

+----+ +----+
| 1 | | 2 |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
+----+ +----+

7. SHEET OF QUARTO.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [5]| | [6]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

8. SHEET OF QUARTO. HEBREW.

_Inner Form._ _Outer Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|[B2]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [3]| | [6]| | [5]| | [4]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 2 | | 7 | | 8 | | 1 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | [B]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

9. TWO HALF SHEETS OF QUARTO, WORKED TOGETHER.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B*]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|[2*]| |[3*]| |[4*]| |[1*]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 4 | | 3 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

10. HALF A SHEET OF QUARTO.

+----+ +----+
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| [2]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+

+----+ +----+
| 1 | | 4 |
| | | |
| | | |
| B | | |
+----+ +----+

11. HALF A SHEET OF QUARTO. HEBREW.

+----+ +----+
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| [3]| | [2]|
+----+ +----+

+----+ +----+
| 4 | | 1 |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | B |
+----+ +----+

12. TWO SHEETS OF QUARTO, QUIRED.

_Outer Form of the Outer Sheet._ _Inner Form of the Outer Sheet._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [4]| |[13]| |[14]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 16 | | 15 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

_Outer Form of the Inner Sheet._ _Inner Form of the Inner Sheet._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B4]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [8]| | [9]| |[10]| | [7]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 5 | | 12 | | 11 | | 6 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B3 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

13. SHEET OF BROAD QUARTO.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [5]| | [6]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

14. SHEET OF OCTAVO.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B3]| | | | | | | |[B4]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [8]| | [9]| |[12]| | [5]| | [6]| |[11]| |[10]| | [7]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 16 | | 13 | | 4 | | 3 | | 14 | | 15 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

15. SHEET OF OCTAVO. HEBREW.

_Inner Form._ _Outer Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|[B4]| | | | | | | |[B3]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [7]| |[10]| |[11]| | [6]| | [5]| |[12]| | [9]| | [8]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 2 | | 15 | | 14 | | 3 | | 4 | | 13 | | 16 | | 1 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | | | B |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

16. SHEET OF BROAD OCTAVO.

_Outer Form._

+------------+ +------------+
| | | |
| [4] | | [13] |
+------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+
| 5 | | 12 |
| B3 | | |
+------------+ +------------+

+------------+ +------------+
| | | |
| [8] | | [9] |
+------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+
| 1 | | 16 |
| B | | |
+------------+ +------------+

_Inner Form._

+------------+ +------------+
| | | |
| [2] | | [15] |
+------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+
| 7 | | 10 |
| B4 | | |
+------------+ +------------+

+------------+ +------------+
| | | |
| [6] | | [11] |
+------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+
| 3 | | 14 |
| B2 | | |
+------------+ +------------+

17. HALF SHEET OF OCTAVO.

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [5]| | [6]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

18. HALF SHEET OF OCTAVO. HEBREW.

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|[B2]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [3]| | [6]| | [5]| | [4]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 2 | | 7 | | 8 | | 1 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | B |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

19. TWO HALF SHEETS OF OCTAVO, WORKED TOGETHER.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | | [X]| | | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [5]| |[8*]| |[1*]| |[2*]| |[7*]| | [6]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 5* | | 4* | | 3* | | 6* | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

20. SHEET OF OCTAVO WITH TWO SIGNATURES. TWELVE PAGES, AND FOUR PAGES.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B3]| | | | | | | | [Y]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|[2*]| |[3*]| | 8 | | 5 | | [6]| | [7]| |[4*]| |[1*]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 12 | | 9 | | 4 | | 3 | | 10 | | 11 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

21. TWO QUARTERS OF A SHEET OF OCTAVO.

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | | [T]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|[2*]| |[3*]| |[4*]| |[1*]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 4 | | 3 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

22. TWO QUARTERS OF A SHEET OF OCTAVO. HEBREW.

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| [U]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
|[1*]| |[4*]| |[3*]| |[2*]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | 1 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | B |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

23. SHEET OF TWELVES. No. 1.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B5]| | | | | | | |[B6]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|[12]| |[13]| |[16]| | [9]| |[10]| |[15]| |[14]| |[11]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B3]| | | | | | | |[B4]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [8]| |[17]| |[20]| | [5]| | [6]| |[19]| |[18]| | [7]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 24 | | 21 | | 4 | | 3 | | 22 | | 23 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

24. SHEET OF TWELVES. No. 2.

_Outer Form_ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B6]| | | | | | | |[B5]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|[10]| |[15]| |[14]| |[11]| |[12]| |[13]| |[16]| | [9]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

25. SHEET OF TWELVES, TO FOLD WITHOUT CUTTING.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 5 | | 20 | | 17 | | 8 | | 7 | | 18 | | 19 | | 6 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B3 | | | | | | | | B4 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B5]| | | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [4]| |[21]| |[16]| | [9]| |[10]| |[15]| |[22]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 24 | | 13 | | 12 | | 11 | | 14 | | 23 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B6 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

26. SHEET OF TWELVES. HEBREW.

_Inner Form._ _Outer Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|[B6]| | | | | | | |[B5]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|[11]| |[14]| |[15]| |[10]| | [9]| |[16]| |[13]| |[12]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|[B4]| | | | | | | |[B3]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [7]| |[18]| |[19]| | [6]| | [5]| |[20]| |[17]| | [8]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 2 | | 23 | | 22 | | 3 | | 4 | | 21 | | 24 | | 1 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | | | B |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

27. TWO HALF SHEETS OF TWELVES, WORKED TOGETHER. No. 1.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | | | |[B*3]| | | | | | | | [B3]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [6] | | [7] | | [8*]| | [5*]| | [6*]| | [7*]| | [8] | | [5] |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+

+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | | | |[B*2]| | | | | | | | [B2]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [4] | | [9] | |[10*]| | [3*]| | [4*]| | [9*]| | [10]| | [3] |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| 1 | | 12 | | 11* | | 2* | | 1* | | 12* | | 11 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B* | | | | | | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+

28. TWO HALF SHEETS OF TWELVES, WORKED TOGETHER. No. 2.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | | | | | | | |[B*3]| | | | [B3]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [6] | | [7] | | [6*]| | [7*]| | [8*]| | [5*]| | [8] | | [5] |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+

+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | | | | | | | |[B*2]| | | | [B2]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [4] | | [9] | | [4*]| | [9*]| |[10*]| | [3*]| | [10]| | [3] |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| 1 | | 12 | | 1* | | 12* | | 11* | | 2* | | 11 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | B* | | | | | | | | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+

29. HALF SHEET OF TWELVES.

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B3]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [6]| | [7]| | [8]| | [5]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [9]| |[10]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 12 | | 11 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

30. HALF SHEET OF TWELVES, WITHOUT CUTTING.

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 5 | | 8 | | 7 | | 6 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B3 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

31. HALF SHEET OF TWELVES. HEBREW

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|[B3]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [5]| | [8]| | [7]| | [6]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|[B2]| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| 3 | | 10 | | 9 | | 4 |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 2 | | 11 | | 12 | | 1 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | B |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

32. SHEET OF TWELVES, WITH TWO SIGNATURES. TWENTY PAGES AND FOUR PAGES.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B5]| | | | | | | | [C]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|[26]| |[27]| |[12]| | [9]| |[10]| |[11]| |[28]| |[25]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B3]| | | | | | | |[B4]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [8]| |[13]| |[16]| | [5]| | [6]| |[15]| |[14]| | [7]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 20 | | 17 | | 4 | | 3 | | 18 | | 19 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

33. SHEET OF TWELVES, WITH TWO SIGNATURES. SIXTEEN PAGES AND EIGHT PAGES.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | | | | [L] | | | | | | | |[L2] |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|[220]| |[221]| |[224]| |[217]| |[218]| |[223]| |[222]| |[219]|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+

+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | | | | [B3]| | | | | | | | [B4]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [8] | | [9] | | [12]| | [5] | | [6] | | [11]| | [10]| | [7] |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| 1 | | 16 | | 13 | | 4 | | 3 | | 14 | | 15 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | | | B2 | | | | | | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+

34. SHEET OF TWELVES, WITH THREE SIGNATURES. TWELVE, EIGHT, AND FOUR PAGES.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | | | | | | [D]| | | |[B3]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [6]| | [7]| |[50]| |[51]| |[52]| |[49]| | [8]| |[5] |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [9]| |[28]| |[29]| |[30]| |[27]| |[10]| |[3] |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 12 | | 25 | | 32 | | 31 | | 26 | | 11 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | C | | | | | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

35. SHEET OF TWELVES, WITH THREE SIGNATURES, THRICE EIGHT PAGES.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | | [D]| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|[36]| |[37]| |[40]| |[33]| |[34]| |[39]| |[38]| |[35]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [5]| |[20]| |[21]| |[22]| |[19]| | [6]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 17 | | 24 | | 23 | | 18 | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| B | | | | C | | | | | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

36. HALF SHEET OF TWELVES, WITH TWO SIGNATURES. EIGHT PAGES AND FOUR PAGES.

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B*]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [2]| | [3]| | [4]| |[1*]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | | | |[B2]|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| [4]| | [5]| | [6]| | [3]|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| B | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

37. EIGHT PAGES OF A SHEET OF TWELVES.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| 1 | | 8 | | 5 | | 4 | | 3 | | 6 | | 7 | | 2 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| A | | | | | | | | A2 | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+

38. SHEET OF LONG TWELVES. MUSIC WAY. No. 1.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | [B5] | | | | |
| [16] | | [9] | | [10] | | [15] |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 13 | | 12 | | 11 | | 14 |
| | | | | B6 | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+

+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | [B3] | | | | |
| [20] | | [5] | | [6] | | [19] |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 17 | | 8 | | 7 | | 18 |
| | | | | B4 | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+

+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | | | | | [B2] |
| [4] | | [21] | | [22] | | [3] |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 1 | | 24 | | 23 | | 2 |
| B | | | | | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+

39. SHEET OF LONG TWELVES. MUSIC WAY. No. 2.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | | | | | [B2] |
| [4] | | [21] | | [22] | | [3] |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 5 | | 20 | | 19 | | 6 |
| B3 | | | | | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+

+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | | | | | [B4] |
| [8] | | [17] | | [18] | | [7] |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 1 | | 24 | | 23 | | 2 |
| B | | | | | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+

40. SHEET OF LONG TWELVES. MUSIC WAY. WITH TWO SIGNATURES. SIXTEEN PAGES AND EIGHT PAGES.

_Outer Form._ _Inner Form._

+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | | | | | [C] |
| [18] | | [23] | | [24] | | [17] |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 19 | | 22 | | 21 | | 20 |
| C2 | | | | | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+

+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | | | | | [B2] |
| [4] | | [13] | | [14] | | [3] |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| 5 | | 12 | | 11 | | 6 |
| B3 | | | | | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+

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A dictionary of the art of printingChapter XVIII: Part 18

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