Chapter XXXVI: Part 36

s. 43. “And be it enacted, That every Paper Maker, Stationer,
or other Person who shall alter the distinguishing Letter or
Number of any Mill on the Label attached to the Wrapper of any
Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, save and except in the Case of Paper
sent from one Mill to another, or returned to any Mill, under the
Provisions herein-before contained, or who shall alter the Weight
inserted on any such Label, shall forfeit Twenty Pounds, together
with the Ream, Half Ream, or Parcel to which such Label shall be
attached.

s. 44. “And be it enacted, That the Allowance of the Duty
on Paper used in the printing of Books in the Latin, Greek,
Oriental, or Northern Languages within the Universities of
_Oxford_ and _Cambridge_, the Universities of _Scotland_, and
the University of _Trinity College, Dublin_, shall be made
and allowed in manner following; (that is to say,) the chief
Manager of the Press in the said Universities respectively
shall, Forty-eight Hours before any such Paper shall be begun
to be printed, give to the proper Officer of Excise a Notice in
Writing of the Intention to print such Paper, specifying the
Number of Reams of Paper and the Title of the Book intended to
be printed, and of how many Copies the Edition is to consist;
and upon the Attendance of the Officer of Excise all such Paper
shall be produced to him enclosed in the original Wrappers in
which the same was charged with Duty, with the respective Labels
thereon, and the several Matters herein-before prescribed to
be marked, written, or printed and stamped on such Labels and
Wrappers remaining thereon; and such chief Manager of the Press
shall provide sufficient Scales and Weights, and shall permit
and assist such Officer to use the same, and to ascertain the
Weight of such Paper; and within One Month after the whole of
such Edition shall have been printed off such chief Manager
shall give to the proper Officer of Excise Forty-eight Hours
Notice in Writing, specifying a Day and Hour when such Edition
will be ready to be produced to him, and thereupon such Officer
shall attend and examine and weigh the whole of such Edition
unbound and in Sheets, and thereupon give to such chief Manager
a Certificate of his having so done, specifying the Name of the
Book, the Size thereof, the Number of Copies of which the Edition
consists, and the Weight of the Paper on which it is printed; but
if such Weight shall exceed the Weight of the Paper taken account
of by the Officer previous to the Printing, such last-mentioned
Weight shall be inserted in the Certificate, and the Allowance
shall be made for no more.

s. 45. “And be it enacted, That the Chief Manager of the Press in
the said Universities respectively shall make and subscribe at
the Foot or on the Back of such Certificate as aforesaid, before
the Vice Chancellor, Principal, or Rector or Provost of the
University respectively, a Declaration in Writing setting forth
that the whole of the Edition of the Book so printed was and is
printed for the University for which the same expresses to be
printed, and that no Bookseller or other Person had or hath any
Share or Interest therein, or in the Allowance payable in respect
of the Paper on which the same was or is printed.

s. 46. “And be it enacted, That the Allowance of the Duty on
Paper used in the Universities of _Oxford_ and _Cambridge_,
and in the University of _Trinity College, Dublin_, or used by
the Queen’s Printers in _England_, _Scotland_, or _Ireland_
respectively, in the printing of Bibles, Testaments, Psalm
Books, Books of Common Prayer of the Church of _England_, the
Book commonly known in _Scotland_ by the Name of ‘The Confession
of Faith,’ or the Larger or Shorter Catechism of the Church of
_Scotland_, shall be made and allowed in manner following; (that
is to say,) the chief Manager of the Press of such Universities
respectively, or such Queen’s Printers respectively, shall,
Forty-eight Hours before any such Paper is begun to be prepared
for printing, give to the proper Officer of Excise a Notice in
Writing of the Intention to print such Paper, specifying in such
Notice the Number of Reams of Paper so intended to be printed,
and whether the same is to be printed for Bibles, Testaments,
Psalm Books, Common Prayer Books, Books of Confession of Faith,
or the Larger or Shorter Catechism, of what Size the intended
Impression or Edition of such Book is to be, and of how many
Copies the same is to consist; and all the Paper intended to
be used shall, on the Attendance of the Officer of Excise, be
produced to him enclosed in the original Wrappers in which the
same was charged with Duty, with the respective Labels thereon,
and the several Matters herein-before prescribed to be marked,
written, or printed and stamped on such Labels and Wrappers
remaining thereon; and such chief Managers and Queen’s Printers
respectively shall provide good and sufficient Scales and
Weights, and shall permit and assist the Officer of Excise to
use the same, and to ascertain and take an Account of the true
Quantity and Weight of such Paper; and such chief Managers of
the Press and such Queen’s Printers respectively shall, within
One Month after the whole of such Impression or Edition shall
have been printed off and finished, give to the proper Officer of
Excise Forty-eight Hours Notice thereof in Writing, specifying
a Day and Hour when such Impression or Edition will be ready to
be produced to him, and thereupon such Officer of Excise shall
attend, and inspect, examine, and weigh the whole of such Edition
unbound and in Sheets, and shall thereupon give and deliver
to such chief Manager of the Press or Queen’s Printer, as the
Case may be, a Certificate in Writing of his having so done,
specifying therein the Name of the Book, together with the Size
thereof, and the Number of Copies of which such Impression or
Edition consists, and the Weight of the Paper on which the same
is printed; but if such Weight shall exceed the Weight of the
Paper actually produced to and taken account of by the Officer
of Excise previous to the printing thereof as aforesaid, then
and in such Case such last mentioned Weight shall be inserted in
such Certificate, and the Allowance shall be made for no greater
Weight than the Weight specified in such Certificate.

s. 47. “And be it enacted, That the chief Manager of the Press
in the said Universities respectively shall make and subscribe,
at the Foot or on the Back of such Certificate, before the Vice
Chancellor or Provost of the University, a Declaration in Writing
setting forth that no Drawback or Allowance has been before
granted or paid on such Paper, and that the whole of the Edition
of such Book so printed is printed for the University for which
the same expresses to be printed, and that no Bookseller or
other Person had or hath any Share or Interest therein, or in
the Allowance payable in respect of the Paper on which the same
is printed; and the Queen’s Printers in _England_, _Scotland_,
and _Ireland_ respectively, or the acting Patentee in such
Office, shall make and subscribe, at the Foot or on the Back of
such Certificate, before the Commissioners of Excise, or such
Person as the Commissioners of Excise shall direct and appoint to
receive the same, a Declaration in Writing setting forth that no
Drawback or Allowance has been before claimed or paid for or in
respect of the Paper mentioned in such Certificate, or any Part
thereof, and that the whole of such Impression or Edition of such
Bible, Testament, Psalm Book, Book of Common Prayer, Confession
of Faith, or Larger or Shorter Catechism, has been printed by him
or them at his or their usual and ordinary Printing House, on his
or their own Account, under and by virtue of the exclusive Patent
or Privilege belonging to him or them as such Queen’s Printer,
and for his or their sole and entire Benefit, Profit, Emolument,
and Advantage.

s. 48. “And be it enacted, That on the said Certificates
respectively, with such Declaration as aforesaid made and
subscribed thereon, being produced to the Commissioners of
Excise, the said Commissioners shall and they are hereby
required, on being satisfied of the Correctness thereof, to
cause Payment of the Amount of the Allowance appearing by such
Certificate to be due to be made to the chief Manager of the
Press of the said Universities respectively, or to such Person
as the Vice Chancellor, Principal, or Rector or Provost of the
said Universities respectively shall appoint to receive the
same, or to such Queen’s Printer by whom or on whose Behalf such
Certificate shall be produced, as the Case may be.

s. 49. “And be it enacted, That no such Allowance shall be
granted or paid on any Book in the Latin, Greek, or Oriental or
Northern Languages, unless such Book shall be wholly printed
in the Latin, Greek, Oriental or Northern Languages, as the
Case may be: Provided always, that it shall be lawful for the
Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, if they shall see fit,
to direct such Allowance to be made and granted on any Book
partly in the Latin, Greek, or Oriental or Northern Languages,
and partly in the English or any other Language.

s. 50. “And be it enacted, That every House, Office, or Place
heretofore approved of or which may hereafter be approved of by
the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, in which the Queen’s
Printers in _England_, _Scotland_, and _Ireland_ respectively
shall have printed or may hereafter print, by themselves or their
own _bonâ fide_ Agents, and not by others, and for their own sole
and undivided Interest, the whole of any Impression or Edition
of any Bible, Testament, Psalm Book, Book of Common Prayer,
Confession of Faith, or Larger or Shorter Catechism, shall be
deemed and taken to be an ordinary and usual Printing House of
such Queen’s Printer within the Meaning of this Act for entitling
such Queen’s Printer to the Allowances aforesaid.”

s. 52. “And be it enacted, That every Person intending to
export any Paper, or any Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board,
or Scale-board, or any Books, as Merchandize, and to obtain
the Drawback thereon, shall give Twelve Hours Notice of his
Intention to the Officer of Excise who shall be appointed by the
Commissioners of Excise for that Purpose, specifying in such
Notice the Time and Place when and where and the Person on whose
Account such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or
Scale-board, or Books, is or are intended to be packed; and such
Notice having been given, an Officer of Excise shall attend at
the Time and Place specified, and all the Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, intended
to be exported, shall be produced to him, and in the Case of
Paper (except Paper printed, painted, or stained, or out and
gilded, as herein-after mentioned), Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, the same shall be produced in the
original Wrappers in which the same was charged with Duty,
with the Labels, having printed or written, marked and stamped
thereon, the several Particulars required by this Act; and such
Officer shall examine the same, and shall cancel, obliterate,
or destroy every such Label, and the Impressions of the Duty
Stamp on each Ream, Half Beam, or Parcel; and such Officer shall
weigh and take an Account of all such Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, as shall be
produced to him, or, in the Case of Paper printed, painted,
or stained, shall measure and take an Account of the Number
of Square Yards thereof; and all such Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, shall be
packed in the Presence of the Officer of Excise, and the Packages
containing the same shall be marked with the true Weight thereof
in the Presence of such Officer, and shall be secured with such
Fastenings, and sealed with such Seals or Marks, by such Officer,
as the Commissioners of Excise shall direct; and every such
Officer shall make out an Account of the Quantities and Kinds and
Weight, or, in the Case of Paper printed, painted, or stained,
of the Number of Square Yards, of all such Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, as shall be
produced to him and be packed in his Presence, and shall make a
Return thereof to the Export Officer of Excise, or Officer acting
as Export Officer, at the Port of Exportation: Provided always,
that if the Person giving such Packing Notice shall not begin
and proceed to pack up all such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, at the Time mentioned
therein, such Notice shall be null and void, and a like fresh
Notice shall be required before the packing up the same or any
Part thereof.

s. 53. “And be it enacted, That if any Person shall put or place
any heavy Substance, or other Matter than Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, except the
Materials necessarily used in packing the same, in any Cask, Box,
Chest, or Package containing Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, packing or packed for
Exportation, or shall pack in any Cask, Box, Chest, or Package
any other Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or
Scale-board, or Books, or other Substance or Article, (except
as aforesaid,) than the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, produced to the Officer as
to be packed and exported, or shall, by any Art, Contrivance, or
Device, prevent, hinder, or deceive any Officer of Excise from or
in taking a true Account of the Kind or Weight (or, in the Case
of Paper printed, painted, or stained, the Measure) of the Paper,
Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books,
packed or produced to be packed, such Person shall forfeit Two
hundred Pounds, and every such Cask, Box, Chest, or Package, with
the Contents thereof, shall be forfeited.

s. 54. “And be it enacted, That every Person who shall open any
Cask, Box, Chest, or Package containing Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, which shall
have been packed for Exportation, or shall wilfully destroy or
deface any Seal or Mark of the Officer placed thereon, or damage
any of the Fastenings thereof, and every Person who shall cut
out, erase, obliterate, alter, or damage any Figure, Letter, or
Mark cut, written, painted, branded, or made on any Cask, Box,
Chest, or Package containing Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, for Exportation,
expressing or denoting the Weight of such Cask, Box, Chest, or
Package, or the Weight of the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, therein, or the Number
thereof, shall forfeit One hundred Pounds, and every such Cask,
Box, Chest, or Package, with the Contents thereof, shall be
forfeited, and may be seized by any Officer of Excise or Customs.

s. 55. “And be it enacted, That every Person intending to
export any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or
Scale-board, or any Books, on Drawback, shall, by himself or
his Agent, give to the Export Officer of Excise, or Officer
acting as such, at the Port of Exportation, a Notice in Writing
of his Intention to ship such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, Six Hours at least before
such Shipment shall be made, in which Notice shall be specified
the Number of Packages to be shipped, with the respective Marks
and Numbers thereon, and the Quantity, Weight, and Kinds of
Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or
Books, in each Package, with the Amount of the Drawback claimed
thereon, and the Value of the same for Home Consumption, and
shall also specify the Quay or Place where the Packages are then
lying, and from which the same are to be shipped, and the Time of
Shipment, with the Name of the Ship and the Master thereof, and
the Place or Port to which such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, is or are to be exported;
and the Person so intending to export such Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, shall also,
by himself or his Agent, make a Declaration before the Export
Officer of Excise, or Officer acting as such as aforesaid,
that such Packages, and the Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, contained therein, are the
same described and set forth in the Account or Certificate of the
Packing Officer, and that to the best of his Knowledge and Belief
the full Duties of Excise have been charged and secured on such
Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board,
or on the Paper on which such Books shall have been printed or
ruled, and shall also give Bond, with One or more sufficient
Surety or Sureties, to be approved of by the Officer appointed
by the Commissioners of Excise to take such Bond, in Double the
Value of the Drawback, conditioned that such Packages, with the
Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board,
or Books therein, shall with all convenient Speed be shipped
and exported, and shall not be unpacked in any Port or Harbour
of the United Kingdom, nor unloaded, unshipped, or relanded,
or put on board any other Ship or Vessel, in any Part of the
United Kingdom, Shipwreck or other unavoidable Accident excepted;
and such Notice having been given and such Declaration made as
aforesaid, and such Security entered into, the Officer of Excise
receiving the same shall write his Name upon the said Shipping
Notice as a Certificate of the Requisites aforesaid having been
complied with, and shall forward and transmit the said Notice,
with his Name thereon, to the proper Officer of Customs at the
Port whose Duty it may be to attend the shipping of such Goods.

s. 56. “And be it enacted, That all the said Packages, with the
Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or
Books therein, shall, at the Time specified in the Notice for
shipping the same, be produced to the proper Officer of Customs,
who shall inspect and examine the same, and, being satisfied that
they are the Packages specified in the Shipping Notice, shall
see them shipped in his Presence, and certify such Shipment on
the Shipping Notice, and return the same to the Export Officer
of Excise, or Officer acting as such, and such Export Officer,
having received back the said Notice, with the Certificate of
Shipment thereon, shall deliver to the Exporter or his Agent a
Debenture, in such Form and with such Particulars thereon as the
Commissioners of Excise shall direct, for Payment of the Amount
of Drawback at the Expiration of Six Weeks from the Time of
Shipment.

s. 57. “Provided always, and be it enacted, That no Debenture
shall be made out for the Payment of Drawback on any Paper,
Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books,
exported to _Guernsey_, _Jersey_, _Alderney_, or the _Isle of
Man_, until a Certificate shall be produced of the due landing
thereof under the Hand of the Chief Officer of Customs of the
said Islands respectively.

s. 58. “And be it enacted, That in every Case where any such
Notice for shipping any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, on Drawback, shall
be given, it shall be lawful for the Officer of Customs to whom
the Package or Packages containing such Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, shall be
produced for Shipment, and for any other Officer of Customs or
of Excise, to open all or any of the Packages mentioned in such
Notice, and to unpack and examine the Contents thereof; and if
the same shall be found correct such Officer shall, at his own
Expence, to be allowed him by the Commissioners of Customs or
of Excise, as the Case may be, cause the same to be carefully
repacked, and the respective Packages again secured and sealed;
but if on such Examination any Package, or the Contents thereof,
shall be found to vary in any Particular from the Description
contained in the Shipping Notice, so that a higher or greater
Sum than of right due shall have been claimed, or in case such
Discovery had not been made would have, on the Exportation
of such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or
Scale-board, or Books, been deemed payable as Drawback, or Her
Majesty in any respect defrauded therein, such Packages, and the
Contents thereof, shall be forfeited, and may be seized by any
Officer of Excise or Customs, and the Exporter thereof shall
forfeit Treble the Value of the Drawback sought to be obtained,
or Two hundred Pounds, at the Election of the Commissioners of
Excise.

s. 59. “And be it enacted, That no Drawback shall be allowed for
or in respect of the Paper of any Books in the Latin, Greek,
Oriental, or Northern Languages printed within the Universities
of _Oxford_ and _Cambridge_, or the Universities of _Scotland_,
or _Trinity College, Dublin_, by Permission of the Vice
Chancellors or Principals or Provost of the same respectively,
nor for or in respect of any Bibles, Testaments, Psalm Books,
or Books of Common Prayer, Confession of Faith, or Larger or
Shorter Catechism, printed in the Universities of _Oxford_ or
_Cambridge_, or _Trinity College, Dublin_, or by the Queen’s
Printers in _England_, _Scotland_, or _Ireland_ respectively, nor
for or in respect of any other printed Books exported by any
Person not being a Printer or Bookseller or Stationer, or which
have ever been before sold to any Person not using or exercising
the Trade or Business of a Printer or Bookseller or Stationer.”

s. 62. “And be it enacted, That every Person who shall produce
to any Officer of Excise or Customs to be packed or shipped for
Exportation on Drawback any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or any Books, not entitled to
Drawback under the Provisions of this Act, or who shall pack or
ship for Exportation on Drawback any such Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, or any
Articles, Matters, or Goods, other than the Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, produced to
the Officer of Excise to be packed, or who shall fraudulently
remove, deposit, or conceal any Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, or Scale-board, or Books, with Intent unduly to
obtain any Drawback, or any higher Amount of Drawback than he
would otherwise be entitled to, shall, over and above all other
Penalties which he may thereby incur, forfeit Treble the Amount
of the Drawback sought to be obtained, or Two hundred Pounds, at
the Election of the Commissioners of Excise, and all such Paper,
Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, or Books,
or other Articles, Matters, or Goods, shall be forfeited, and may
be seized by any Officer of Excise or Customs.

s. 63. “And be it enacted, That if any Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall, by Fire or by the
sinking, casting away of, or by any inevitable Accident happening
to any Vessel or Barge in which such Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall be transporting
or have been transported from any Part of the United Kingdom
to any other Part thereof, or on board of which such Paper,
Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall
have been put for that Purpose, be wholly lost or destroyed,
or so far damaged as to be worthless and only fit to be wholly
destroyed, and no longer capable of Use as Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board unless re-manufactured
and re-charged with Duty, it shall be lawful for the Maker
of such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or
Scale-board, being at the Time of such Loss or Damage the
Proprietor or Owner thereof, to make Proof of such Loss or
Damage, and of the Cause thereof, on the Oath or Oaths of One
or more credible Witness or Witnesses, and of the Duty on such
Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board
having been duly charged on and paid by such Maker, and that
he was at the Time of such Loss or Damage the Proprietor or
Owner thereof, before the Justices of the Peace at the Quarter
Sessions for the County, Shire, Division, City, Town, or Place
where such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or
Scale-board shall have been made and charged with Duty, or at or
next adjoining to the Place where such Accident shall have taken
place, or shall have been first discovered or made known to such
Maker, or before the Commissioners of Excise, or any Three of
them, if such Paper, Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or
Scale-board shall have been made or charged with Duty, or such
Accident shall have happened or been first discovered or made
known to such Maker, within the Limits of the Chief Office of
Excise; and such Justices at Quarter Sessions and Commissioners
of Excise respectively shall and they are hereby required to
examine any Witness or Witnesses thereupon upon Oath (which Oath
they are hereby authorized to administer), and upon satisfactory
Proof being made before them respectively that such Paper,
Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board had been so
wholly lost and destroyed, or so far damaged as aforesaid, by any
of the Causes respectively aforesaid, and that the Duties thereon
had been duly charged and paid, and that such Maker was the
Proprietor or Owner thereof at the Time of such Loss or Damage,
to grant a Certificate thereof, and of the Amount of such Duties,
under their respective Hands; and upon the Production of such
Certificate to the Collector of Excise or other Officer acting
as Collector of Excise of the Collection in which such Paper,
Button-board, Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall have
been charged with Duty, such Collector or other Officer shall
and he is hereby authorised and required to pay or allow to such
Maker, out of any Monies arising from the Duties of Excise in his
Hands, so much Money as the Sum specified in such Certificate for
such Duties as aforesaid shall amount to.”

s. 65. “And be it enacted, That the Term ‘Paper’ in this Act
shall include and be deemed to include, except where otherwise
expressed, Glazed Paper, Sheathing Paper, Button Paper, and
every Kind of Paper whatsoever, by whatever Denomination known
or called, save and except that nothing in this Act contained
shall extend or be deemed to extend to authorize the Allowance
or Payment of any Drawback on the Exportation of Glazed Paper;
and that the Term ‘Paper Maker’ shall, except where otherwise
particularly expressed, include and be deemed and taken to
include every Maker of Paper, Button-board, Mill-board,
Paste-board, and Scale-board, and several in Partnership as well
as one Person, and Females as well as Males; and the Term ‘Paper
Mill’ shall, except where otherwise particularly expressed,
include and be deemed and taken to include every Mill, House,
Premises, Room, or Manufactory in which any Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, or Scale-board shall be made or
manufactured.

s. 66. “And be it enacted, That all Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, of whatever Materials
made, and by whatever Denomination known or called, and however
manufactured, whether made by the Materials being reduced to
Pulp and moulded or finished by Machinery, or by being pressed
or intermixed in a dry State, and made to adhere by Pressure or
otherwise, shall be deemed and taken to be Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board within the Meaning of
this Act, and shall be charged with Duty accordingly; and the
Makers thereof shall be and are hereby declared to be subject
and liable to all the Enactments, Rules, Regulations, Fines,
Penalties, and Forfeitures of this Act, and of the general Laws
for securing the Duties of Excise.

s. 67. “And be it enacted, That from and after the Commencement
of this Act the several Acts and Parts of Acts following shall be
and the same are hereby repealed; (that is to say,) so much of
the Acts 10 Ann. c. 19.; 21 Geo. 3. c. 24.; 24 Geo. 3. sess. 2.
c 18.; 34 Geo. 3. c. 20.; 41 Geo. 3. c. 8.; 42 Geo. 3. c. 94.;
54 Geo. 3. c. 106.; 54 Geo. 3. c. 153.; 56 Geo. 3. c. 103.; 56
Geo. 3. c. 78.; 1 Geo. 4. c. 58.; 5 Geo. 4. c. 55.; and 6 & 7
Will 4. c. 52.; as relates to the Duties on Paper, Button-board,
Mill-board, Paste-board, and Scale-board, and the collecting and
securing the same; save and except so far as any of the said
recited Acts repeal any former Acts or Parts of Acts, and also
save as to any Duties or Arrears of Duties, or any Drawbacks or
Allowances, due or owing or payable, or any Penalties, Fines, or
Forfeitures incurred, under the said recited Acts or Parts of
Acts, or any of them, before the Commencement of this Act, all
which said Duties, Drawbacks, and Allowances, Penalties, Fines,
and Forfeitures, may be demanded, recovered, and paid, sued for,
enforced, and recovered, and condemned, as if this Act had not
been passed.

s. 68. “And be it enacted, That this Act shall commence and
take effect on the Eleventh Day of _October_ One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-nine.”

_Paper_ (Ireland).--4 Geo. 4. c. 72. imposes a Customs Duty on
the Importation of Paper into Ireland, not being the Manufacture
of Great Britain, _viz._

Duty.
£ _s. d._
“Brown Paper made of old Rope or Cordage only, without
separating or extracting the Pitch or Tar therefrom,
and without any Mixture of other Materials therewith,
the lb. 0 0 10

“Paper printed, painted, or stained Paper, or Paper
Hangings, or Flock Paper, the Yard square 0 1 7

“Waste Paper, or Paper of any other Sort, not particularly
enumerated or described, nor otherwise charged with
Duty, the lb. 0 1 7

“The same Duties from the East Indies.

“No Drawback.”

PAPER BENCH.--_M._ _See_ BANK, also HORSE.

PAPER BOARD.

Boards made of deal plank, on which to place paper when wetted for printing. They have two slips of deal nailed to the bottom of each to strengthen them, and to prevent the joining from giving way; these slips are broader and not so thick as those inserted in letter boards. The general sizes are, demy boards, twenty-six inches by twenty-two; royal, thirty inches by twenty-six.

PAPER THE CASE.

Lining the bottom of the boxes in the cases with paper.--_M._ This was formerly done by the compositor; it is now done by the printer’s joiner before the bottom is nailed on.

PAPER UP LETTER.

To wrap the pages up in paper after a work is finished.--_M._

In all book houses, there are bulks appropriated for the letter that is cleared away; so that when it is dry it may be papered up. In small houses this is generally done by the overseer; but in houses with large establishments, there is a person appointed to take care of the letter, furniture, chases, &c. which he keeps locked up, and delivers out as wanted: he also papers up the letter; that is, he wraps up each piece in the waste of some work, which he procures from the warehouse, and on which he writes the name of the type; it also tends to save trouble if he add whether it be open matter, Italic, or figures, as the case may be, as it prevents the necessity of opening the pieces out, when particular kinds only are wanted for distribution.

PAPER STOOL.

A stool with a large square top, on which to lay printed paper after it has been worked off, while the warehouseman is hanging it up to dry. There is a notch cut in the top to admit the fingers, for the greater convenience of moving it about.

PAPER WINDOWS. _See_ ANCIENT CUSTOMS.

PARAGON.

The name of a type, one size larger than Great Primer, and one smaller than Double Pica. Moxon does not enumerate this size in his list. It is equal to two Long Primers. _See_ TYPES.

PARAGRAPH.

A paragraph ¶ denotes the beginning of a new subject, or a sentence not connected with the foregoing. This character is chiefly used in the Old and in the New Testament.--_Murray._

It is also used as a reference to notes, in printing.

PARAGRAPHS.

As a compositor is sometimes allowed to divide a paragraph in his manuscript copy, for the convenience of workmanship, the following observations on the subject, by Lindley Murray, may be serviceable:--

“Different subjects, unless they are very short, or very numerous in small compass, should be separated into paragraphs.

“When one subject is continued to a considerable length, the larger divisions of it should be put into paragraphs. And it will have a good effect to form the breaks, when it can properly be done, at sentiments of the most weight, or that call for peculiar attention.

“The facts, premises, and conclusions, of a subject, sometimes naturally point out the separations into paragraphs: and each of these, when of great length, will again require subdivisions at their most distinctive parts.

“In cases which require a connected subject to be formed into several paragraphs, a suitable turn of expression, exhibiting the connexion of the broken parts, will give beauty and force to the division.”

PARALLEL.

Marked thus ‖, is used as a reference to notes in the margin, or at the bottom of the page.

PARCHMENT.

Parchment is used for covering the tympans, both inner and outer: care should be used in selecting it, that the skins are free from any imperfections or cuts, and that they are of an uniform thickness, as nearly as possible. The parchment for the inner tympan may be a little thinner than that for the outer. Dealers in printing materials generally keep a stock of old deeds, leases, &c. which are cheaper than new parchment, and are frequently used for common work.

PARENTHESIS. _See_ PUNCTUATION.

PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS.

3 Vict. c. 9. “An Act to give summary Protection to Persons
employed in the Publication of Parliamentary Papers.

“Whereas it is essential to the due and effectual Exercise
and Discharge of the Functions and Duties of Parliament, and
to the Promotion of wise Legislation, that no Obstructions or
Impediments should exist to the Publication of such of the
Reports, Papers, Votes, or Proceedings of either House of
Parliament as such House of Parliament may deem fit or necessary
to be published: And whereas Obstructions or Impediments to
such Publication have arisen, and hereafter may arise, by means
of Civil or Criminal Proceedings being taken against Persons
employed by or acting under the Authority of the Houses of
Parliament, or One of them, in the Publication of such Reports,
Papers, Votes, or Proceedings; by reason and for Remedy whereof
it is expedient that more speedy Protection should be afforded
to all Persons acting under the Authority aforesaid, and that
all such Civil or Criminal Proceedings should be summarily put
an end to and determined in manner herein-after mentioned: Be
it therefore enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty,
by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and
Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and
by the Authority of the same, That it shall and may be lawful for
any Person or Persons who now is or are, or hereafter shall be,
a Defendant or Defendants in any Civil or Criminal Proceeding
commenced or prosecuted in any Manner soever, for or on account
or in respect of the Publication of any such Report, Paper,
Votes, or Proceedings by such Person or Persons, or by his,
her, or their Servant or Servants, by or under the Authority
of either House of Parliament, to bring before the Court in
which such Proceeding shall have been or shall be so commenced
or prosecuted, or before any Judge of the same (if One of the
Superior Courts at _Westminster_), first giving Twenty-four Hours
Notice of his Intention so to do to the Prosecutor or Plaintiff
in such Proceeding, a Certificate under the Hand of the Lord
High Chancellor of _Great Britain_, or the Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal, or of the Speaker of the House of Lords, for the Time
being, or of the Clerk of the Parliaments, or of the Speaker of
the House of Commons, or of the Clerk of the same House, stating
that the Report, Paper, Votes, or Proceedings, as the Case may
be, in respect whereof such Civil or Criminal Proceeding shall
have been commenced or prosecuted, was published by such Person
or Persons, or by his, her, or their Servant or Servants, by
Order or under the Authority of the House of Lords or of the
House of Commons, as the Case may be, together with an Affidavit
verifying such Certificate; and such Court or Judge shall
thereupon immediately stay such Civil or Criminal Proceeding,
and the same, and every Writ or Process issued therein, shall
be and shall be deemed and taken to be finally put an end to,
determined, and superseded by virtue of this Act.

s. 2. “And be it enacted, That in case of any Civil or Criminal
Proceeding hereafter to be commenced or prosecuted for or on
account or in respect of the Publication of any Copy of such
Report, Paper, Votes, or Proceedings, it shall be lawful for
the Defendant or Defendants at any Stage of the Proceedings to
lay before the Court or Judge such Report, Paper, Votes, or
Proceedings, and such Copy, with an Affidavit verifying such
Report, Paper, Votes, or Proceedings, and the Correctness of such
Copy, and the Court or Judge shall immediately stay such Civil
or Criminal Proceeding, and the same, and every Writ or Process
issued therein, shall be and shall be deemed and taken to be
finally put an end to, determined, and superseded by virtue of
this Act.

s. 3. “And be it enacted, That it shall be lawful in any Civil or
Criminal Proceeding to be commenced or prosecuted for printing
any Extract from or Abstract of such Report, Paper, Votes, or
Proceedings, to give in Evidence under the General Issue such
Report, Paper, Votes, or Proceedings, and to show that such
Extract or Abstract was published _bonâ fide_ and without Malice;
and if such shall be the Opinion of the Jury a Verdict of Not
guilty shall be entered for the Defendant or Defendants.

s. 4. “Provided always, and it is hereby expressly declared and
enacted, That nothing herein contained shall be deemed or taken,
or held or construed, directly or indirectly, by Implication or
otherwise, to affect the Privileges of Parliament in any Manner
whatsoever.”

PARLIAMENTARY PROCEEDINGS. _See_ _Newspaper Postage_.

PASTE BOWL.

A small wooden bowl to hold paste for the use of the press room; it is usually the bowl of an old ball stock.

PEARL.

The name of a type, one size larger than Diamond, and one smaller than Ruby. It is the smallest size that Moxon mentions.--_See_ TYPES.

PEEL.

An article to hang up the wet paper, upon the poles, to dry. The head is made of thin wainscot, and the upper edge is the thinnest, and rounded; the handle is of ash, with a groove cut in the upper end, to receive the head, which is secured to it by wooden pins going through the whole; and that part of the handle which receives the head is planed down, so that at the upper end of it, it is rendered quite thin, that there may be no shoulder to derange the paper. In large offices they have them with handles of different lengths, to suit the heights of the rooms in which paper is hung up to dry.

PELT POT.

Generally a large jar, in which urine is kept, to steep the pelts in previous to making the balls; as also to steep the blankets in, in which the balls are wrapped up at night. This only refers to pelt balls, for where composition balls are used, this offensive article is discarded.

PELTS.

Sheep skins untanned used for ball leathers.--_M._ The pelts that were used previous to the introduction of composition, were sheep skins, with the wool taken off, dressed with lime, and dried. They are nearly superseded by composition balls and rollers.

When they are wanted for use, they are steeped in urine to soften them, then rubbed through a twisted iron to supple them, and to take out part of the moisture, which is termed currying; and afterwards trodden under foot at the press side, by the pressman who is beating, to expel the superfluous moisture; they are then scraped, to clean the surface, and made up into balls, stuffed with carded wool, having a lining made of a pelt taken from an old ball. This lining keeps the outer skin moist, and makes the ball firmer on the stock.

The softer a pelt is, so long as it is not surcharged with moisture, the better it will cover the surface of the type or engraving with ink: and it will also retain on its surface particles of dust, wool, or other extraneous matter, without parting with them to the letter or engraving; so that the work will be better and clearer of picks, than when the pelt is drier and harder.

In knocking-up balls, it is not necessary to tread the pelts, as is usually done, and which is inconvenient when a man is working at half press: it will answer equally well if the pelts be well curried, and, after the balls are made, well scraped; which may be done by placing the ball on the knees, with its handle against the stomach, to hold it firm; then taking a sharp table knife, the handle of which is held with one hand and the point with the other, and scraping from the stock over the edge of the ball to the centre; by which operation the superfluous moisture will be got rid of, and the ball will work equally well as those that have been trod by the pressman.

It is customary for pressmen to throw aside pelts that are greasy, and not to use them, till the last, in consequence of an opinion general among them, that they will not take ink: but, from repeated experiments that I have made, I could not perceive the least difference between the most greasy pelts and those that were free from grease; the one taking ink and retaining it on its surface, equally as well as the other. Since then I have frequently mentioned the subject to some of the most experienced pressmen, who all allow that a greasy pelt is more durable than one clear of grease.

A greasy pelt requires more currying than one that is not greasy; and it is better to let it remain longer in the pelt pot, currying it occasionally, which act the pressmen term giving it exercise. It is an advantage also to curry, occasionally, any pelts that are in the pelt pot; as it improves their condition, and prevents their spoiling, so soon as they would otherwise do, by being in soak, when not immediately wanted.

In the country I have found it more convenient to get sheep’s skins from the skinners, without any other preparation than having the wool taken off; and these were more durable, and made softer and better balls, than when dressed and dried in the usual way. _See_ CURRYING.

PENULTIMATE.

The last syllable but one of a word.

PERFECTING.

Printing the second form of a sheet; called also working the reiteration.

PERFECT PAPER.

Paper sent in to print on, in which there is an extra quantity, to allow for waste, &c.; thus a bundle consists of 43 quires, or 1032 sheets; and a ream of 21½ quires, or 516 sheets; without any outside quires, and the whole consists of perfect sheets.

PERIOD. _See_ PUNCTUATION.

PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS. _See_ _Newspaper Postage._ PUBLICATIONS.

PERMITS (EXCISE.)

2 W. 4. c. 16. s. 2. “And be it further enacted, That the
Commissioners of Excise shall cause to be provided Moulds or
Frames for the making of Paper to be used in Great Britain and
Ireland for Permits, which Paper shall have the Words “Excise
Office,” with any other Letters, Figures, Marks, or Devices which
the said Commissioners shall direct, visible in the Substance of
such Paper, and shall also cause to be provided Plates engraved
with such Marks, Stamps, and Devices as to them shall seem meet,
and from Time to Time may alter or vary any such Plates, and
may also cause to be provided Types cast in any particular Form
for the printing, stamping, and marking the said Paper; and all
Permits given by the respective Officers of Excise in the United
Kingdom for the Removal or Conveyance of any Commodity for the
Removal of which a Permit is by Law required shall be printed,
stamped, and marked by the said Plate or Plates or Types on Paper
so made as aforesaid; which said Paper shall be made and the said
Plates engraven and Types cast by such Person or Persons as shall
be for that Purpose from Time to Time authorized and appointed by
the Commissioners of Excise under their Hands and Seals; and as
well the said Paper as the said Plates so engraven and Types so
cast shall be kept by such Officer or Officers or other Person as
shall from Time to Time be appointed by the said Commissioners
for keeping the same; and no Permit shall be printed, stamped,
marked, or written, nor shall any Permit be granted, in any Part
of the United Kingdom, by any Officer of Excise, but on Paper so
provided as aforesaid.

s. 3. “And be it further enacted, That every Person who shall
make, or cause or procure to be made, or shall aid or assist in
the making, or shall knowingly have in his, her, or their Custody
or Possession, not being authorized by the said Commissioners,
and without lawful Excuse, the Proof whereof shall lie on the
Person accused, any Mould or Frame or other Instrument having
therein the Words “Excise Office,” or any other Words, Figures,
Marks, or Devices peculiar to and appearing in the Substance of
the Paper used by the said Commissioners for Permits, or with
any or Part of such Words, Figures, Marks, or Devices, or any
of them, intended to imitate or pass for the same; and every
Person, except as before excepted, who shall make, or cause or
procure to be made, or aid or assist in the making, any Paper
in the Substance of which the Words “Excise Office,” or any
other Words, Figures, Marks, or Devices peculiar to or appearing
in the Substance of the Paper used by the Commissioners of
Excise for Permits, or any Part of such Words, Figures, Marks
or Devices, or any of them, intended to imitate and pass for
the same, shall be visible; and every Person, except as before
excepted, who shall knowingly have in his, her, or their Custody
or Possession, without lawful Excuse, (the Proof whereof shall
lie on the Person accused,) any Paper whatever in the Substance
of which the Words “Excise Office,” or any other Words, Figures,
Marks, or Devices peculiar to and appearing in the Substance of
Paper used by the Commissioners of Excise for Permits, or any
Part of such Words, Figures, Marks, or Devices, or any of them,
intended to imitate and pass for the same, shall be visible; and
every Person, except as before excepted, who shall, by any Art,
Mystery, or Contrivance, cause or procure, or aid or assist in
causing or procuring, the Words “Excise Office,” or any other
Words, Figures, Marks, or Devices peculiar to and appearing in
the Substance of the Paper used by the Commissioners of Excise
for Permits, or any or Part of such Words, Figures, Marks, or
Devices, or any of them, intended to imitate and pass for the
same, to appear visible in the Substance of any Paper whatever;
and every Person, not authorized or appointed as aforesaid, who
shall engrave, cast, cut, or make, or cause or procure to be
engraved, cast, cut, or made, or aid or assist in engraving,
casting, cutting, or making, any Plate, Type, or other Thing in
Imitation of or to resemble any Plate or Type made or used by
the Direction of the Commissioners of Excise for the Purpose of
marking or printing the Paper to be used for Permits; and every
Person, except as before excepted, who shall knowingly have in
his or her Custody or Possession, without lawful Excuse, Proof
whereof shall lie on the Person accused, any such Plate or Type,
shall for every such Offence be adjudged a Felon, and shall be
transported for the Term of Seven Years, or shall be imprisoned,
at the Discretion of the Court before whom such Person shall be
tried, for any Period not less than Two Years.

s. 4. “And be it further enacted, That every Person who shall
counterfeit or forge, or cause or procure to be counterfeited or
forged, or assist in counterfeiting or forging, any Permit or any
Part of any Permit, or shall counterfeit any Impression, Stamp or
Mark, Figure or Device, provided or appointed or to be provided
or appointed by the Commissioners of Excise to be put on such
Permit, or shall utter, give, or make use of any counterfeited
or forged Permit, knowing the same or any Part thereof to be
counterfeited or forged, or shall utter, give, or make use of any
Permit with any such counterfeited Impression, Stamp or Mark,
Figure or Device, knowing the same to be counterfeited; or if any
Person or Persons shall knowingly or willingly accept or receive
any counterfeited or forged Permit, or any Permit with any
such counterfeited Impression, Stamp or Mark, Figure or Device
thereon, knowing the same to be counterfeited, shall, for every
such Offence, be adjudged guilty of a Misdemeanor, and shall be
transported for the Term of Seven Years, or fined and imprisoned,
at the Discretion of the Court.”

PERSIAN.

The Persians write their characters from the right hand to the left. There are thirty-two Persian letters. The alphabet and following observations are in the Tâleek character.

+--------+--------+-------------------+---------------------+--------+
| | | IV. III. | II. I. | |
|Order |Names | FINALS. |INITIALS AND MEDIALS.|Powers |
|of the |of the | Connected. | Connected. | of the |
|Letters.|Letters.| Unconnected.| Unconnected.|Letters.|
+--------+--------+---------+---------+----------+----------+--------+
| 1. |Alif | ـا | ا | ـا | ا | A. |
| 2. |Ba | ـب | ب | ـبـ | بـ | B. |
| 3. |Pa | ـپ | پ | ـپـ | پـ | P. |
| 4. |Ta | ـت | ت | ـتـ | تـ | T. |
| 5. |Sa | ـث | ث | ـثـ | ثـ | S. |
| 6. |Jeem | ـج | ج | ـجـ | جـ | J. |
| 7. |Ché | ـچ | چ | ـچـ | چـ | Ch. |
| 8. |Hha | ـح | ح | ـحـ | حـ | Hh. |
| 9. |Kha | ـخ | خ | ـخـ | خـ | Kh. |
| 10. |Dal | ـد | د | ـد | د | D. |
| 11. |Zal | ـذ | ذ | ـذ | ذ | Z. |
| 12. |Ra | ـر | ر | ـر | ر | R. |
| 13. |Za | ـز | ز | ـز | ز | Z. |
| 14. |Zha | ـژ | ژ | ـژ | ژ | Zh. |
| 15. |Seen | ـس | س | ـسـ | سـ | S. |
| 16. |Sheen | ـش | ش | ـشـ | شـ | Sh. |
| 17. |Ssaud | ـص | ص | ـصـ | صـ | Ss. |
| 18. |Zzaud | ـض | ض | ـضـ | ضـ | ZZ. |
| 19. |To | ـط | ط | ـطـ | طـ | T. |
| 20. |Zo | ـظ | ظ | ـظـ | ظـ | Zz. |
| 21. |Aine | ـع | ع | ـعـ | عـ | A. |
| 22. |Ghine | ـغ | غ | ـغـ | غـ | Gh. |
| 23. |Fa | ـف | ف | ـفـ | فـ | F. |
| 24. |Kauf | ـق | ق | ـقـ | قـ | K. |
| 25. |Kaf | ـﮏ | ک | ـﮑـ | ﮐـ | K. |
| 26. |Gaf | ـﮓ | گ | ـﮕـ | ﮔـ | G. |
| 27. |Laum | ـل | ل | ـلـ | ـل | L. |
| 28. |Meem | ـم | م | ـمـ | مـ | M. |
| 29. |Noon | ـن | ن | ـنـ | نـ | N. |
| 30. |Vau | ـو | و | ـو | و | V. |
| 31. |Ha | ـه | ه | ـهـ | هـ | H. |
| 32. |Ya | ـي | ي | ـيـ | يـ | Y,ee,i.|
| |Lam-alif| ـلا | لا | ـلا | لا | |
+--------+--------+---------+---------+----------+----------+--------+

The second and fourth columns of these letters from the right hand are used only when they are connected with a preceding letter. Every letter should be connected with that which follows it, except these seven; ا _alif_, د _dal_, ذ _zal_, ر _ra_, ز _za_, ژ _zha_, and و _vau_, which are never joined to the following letter.