Chapter XXI: Part 21

COUNTER-ATTACK 378, 428, 453
After position is carried 433
Austria 410
Decision brought about by the 234
England 463
Examples of 433, 435, 436, 437, 438
France 439, 458
Frontal 436
In conjunction with a movement to the rear 434
Moment for making 432, 434
Moral effect of 436
Provisions of various regulations 438, 439

COURTS OF ARBITRATION 3

COVER
Sand bag 344, 390
Trenches 421
Use of 256
By firing line 138

COVER TRENCHES 421

CRAWLING 86
Austria 49
How executed 87, 88

CUTTING WEAPONS, wounds produced by (%) 384

CYCLISTS 28, 29, 30, 414
Depth of detachment of 29
Rate of march of 29
Use of, on battlefield 246

D.

“D” BULLET
Data regarding 130
Effect on steel shields 324

DANGER, effect of 195

DANGER SPACE, definition 179

DEEP COLUMN (with plates) 67, 68
French (with plates) 70

DEFENSE 408
Advanced positions 413
Ammunition supply 410
Austria 450
Battalion group intrenchments 417
Clearing the foreground 421
Combat sections, division of the position into 411
Communicating trenches 419, 420, 421
Company, frontage of 96
Comparison with attack 329
Conduct of the 423
Counter-attack 234, 428
After position is carried 433
Frontal 436
Moment for making 432, 434
Cover trenches 419-421
Distance of general reserve from defensive line 430
Distribution in depth in 232
Dummy intrenchments 421
England 462
Field magazines 418
Fire fight 427
Firing trenches 417
Flanks, protection of the 425
Formation of a battalion 213, 214
Fortifying the position 415
Framework of the position 414
France 458
Frontage in 232, 233
Frontage of a battalion 236
Company 96, 236
Frontal counter-attack 436
Gaps in the line 411
General reserve, location of the 411
Position of the 429
Strength of the 431
Interval between general reserve and defensive line 430
Intrenching, time essential for 416
Intrenchments, purpose of 416, 417
Italy 453
Japan 465
Long range fire, use of 150
Machine guns 295, 425
Masks 421
Number of men required in temporary 233
Observation of the foreground 420
Obstacles, construction of 421
Occupation of the position 426
Offensive,
Assumption of the 428
--defensive 408
Necessity of assuming the 409
Passive 409
Position,
Advanced 413
Determining factors in selecting a 414
Division of the, into sections 411
Fortifying the 415
Framework of the 414
Requirements of a 410
Purely passive 408
Range finding instruments, employment of 146
Refusing a flank 425
Reserve, strength of 395
Russia 422
Section reserves 411
Sections, division of the position into 411
Seeking a decision 233, 234, 409, 450, 467
Splinter proofs 418, 419, 420
Superiority of fire 427
Supports 410
Switzerland 467
Temporary,
Frontage in 233
Number of men required in 233
Occupation of a position 408
Terrain, character of, required by 254
Time for opening fire, in (general rules) 155
Traverses 417
Trenches (dimensions) 418, 420
Troops required to occupy the position 410, 411
Weak points, strengthening of 412

DEFENSE SEEKING A DECISION 409
Austria 450
Frontage 233, 234
Number of men required 234
Switzerland 467

DELAYING ACTION 445
Compared with holding attack 445
Distribution in depth in 232
Frontage in 232

DEMOLITION TOOLS 39

DEPLOYMENT 78, 80, 209
For action 209
France, from 4-rank formation (with plate) 65, 66
Initial, in attack 366
Provisions of various regulations 80

DEPTH
Battalion on the march 72
Cyclist detachment 29
Distribution in 222-225, 235, 237, 241, 242

DEVELOPMENT FOR ACTION 207
Brigade 216, 217

DISARMAMENT, proposals for 3

DISCIPLINE and the moral factors 107, 108

DISPERSION 33

DISTANCE,
Definition of 47
Assaulting 385, 424
Attack 368
Between elements in the battalion 72, 73
Facing, in various armies (table) 48
General reserve from defensive line 430
Support from firing line in attack 99

DISTRIBUTION IN DEPTH 222
Maximum, when necessary 235
Necessity for 224
Necessity for, increase with size of force 241
Provisions of various regulations 241, 242
Relation to frontage 225
Examples 223, 237

DIVISION, attack formation, France 457

DOUBLE COLUMN, France (with plates) 70

DOUBLE TIME 55
In various armies (table) 54

DRILL AND TRAINING 105, 106

DRILL ATTACK 204

DRILL, importance of combat 105

DRILL REGULATIONS 13-16
Provisions of various--see under name of country

DUMMY INTRENCHMENTS 421, 423

E.

ECHELON FORMATION 73, 74

EFFECT OF FIRE 167
As regards time 172
At medium ranges 151
Influence of the elevation selected 162
On artillery when unlimbering 326
On close order formations 102, 103
On thin and dense skirmish lines 77
Standard of measurement of the 168

EFFICACY OF FIRE 140
Against hill positions 183
Dependent upon accuracy 156
Influence of the ground on 179
Influence of training 168

ELEVATIONS, rear sight 165, 310

ÉLITE TROOPS 21, 22

ENGLAND
Advanced positions 413, 462
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 482
Assault 462
Attack 459
Battalion, formations of the 71
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 354
Counter-attack 439, 463
Defense 462
Envelopment 362
Fire fight in attack 461
Fire of position 154
Fire, time for opening 154
Kinds of 160
Frontage 242
In attack 460
Front and facing distance 48
Frontal counter-attack 463
Group intrenchments 462
Holding attack 447
Infantry combat 459-463
Versus cavalry 314
Intrenching in attack 392
Local counter-attack 463
Machine guns 289
Ammunition supply 290
And infantry, relative fire effect 266, 267
Organization 290
Views on 297
Mounted infantry 26
Normal attack 203
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Rallying position 460
Reserves, use of, prior to Boer War 397
Rushes 91, 462
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 482
Telephone detachments 248
Use of spade in attack 392

ENVELOPMENT 356
Austria 362, 449
Dangers involved 358
England 363
Examples of 357-361
France 362, 457
Italy 363
Provisions of various regulations 362, 363

ESKADRONS
Number in German brigade 311
Strength of 32

ESTIMATING DISTANCES--see Range

EQUIPMENT 38-40
Intrenching tool 38-40
Tent, weight of 40
Weight of, in various armies (table) 40

EXPENDITURE AND SUPPLY OF AMMUNITION 468
Examples from military history 468-474
Franco-German War 468
Russo-Japanese War 473
Russo-Turkish War 472

EXPLOSIVES 39, 480

EXTENDED ORDER 75
Compared with close order 102
Movements in 81

F.

FACING DISTANCE, in various armies (table) 48

FIELD ARTILLERY--see Artillery

FIELD GUN 111

FIELD MAGAZINES 418

FIELD TRAIN 72
Machine guns 270

FIGHTING UNIT 33

FILE CLOSERS, position of 46, 47

FIRE
Accelerated, effect of 162
Beaten zone, definition 179
Collective, effect of accuracy in 169
Combined sights 166
Commands for firing 166
Constant cone of misses, Wolozkoi’s theory of the 173
Continuous, fatigue produced by 155
Control 134
Curve of hits obtained by various marksmen 170
Danger space, definition 179
Direction 134
Discipline 133
Distribution of, against charging cavalry 311
Effect 167
As regards time 172
At medium ranges 151
Influence of the elevation selected on 162
On artillery when unlimbering 326
On close order formations 102, 103
On thin and dense skirmish lines 77
Efficacy of 140
Against hill positions 183
Dependent upon accuracy 156
Influence of the ground on 179
Influence of training on 168
Elevations and points of aim 165
To be used in warding off cavalry charges 310
Employment of infantry 132
Expedients for minimizing the effect of hostile 118
Flanking 254
Formula for determining favorable range for firing against hill
positions 183
Hits obtained by various marksmen (table) 171
Hostile, expedients for minimizing effect of 118
Formations suitable under 120, 121
Hurried, effect of 162
Increasing difficulties in adjusting hostile artillery fire 119
Indirect 184
Infantry 126
Against charging cavalry 308
And machine gun, relative value of 265-267
Employment of 132
Influences affecting accuracy of 173
Influence of the ground on efficacy of 179
Kinds of 157
Austria 449
France 455
Italy 451
Japan 463
Provisions of various regulations 158-160
Russo-Japanese War 157
To be used in warding off a cavalry charge 310
Long range 148, 150-153, 176
Losses produced by long range fire 176
Machine gun--see Machine Guns
Marksmanship, effect of, in collective 169
Misses
Effect of 173
Wolozkoi’s theory of the constant cone of 173
Moral effect of 191, 227
On charging cavalry 309
Number of rounds to be expended to accomplish a certain result 172
Oblique, effect of, against shielded batteries 324
Observation of 167
Pauses in 155
Preparation 149
Provisions of various regulations in re kinds of 158
Time for opening 153
Rafale 164
Rate of 160
At various ranges 162
Versus waste of ammunition 161
Ricochets, effect of 185
Rifle-rests, influence of 178
Superiority of, in defense 427
Time for opening 147
General rules 155
On charging cavalry 308
Provisions of various regulations 153
Training, influence of, on efficacy of 168
Trial volleys 164
Volley, value of 157, 163
With counted cartridges 164
Withholding the 151
Wolozkoi’s theory of the constant cone of misses 173

FIRE AT SUCCESSIVE RANGES 321

FIRE EFFECT 167
As regards time 172
At medium ranges 151
Influence of the elevation selected, on 162
On artillery when unlimbering 326
On close order formations 102, 103
On thin and dense skirmish lines 77
Standard of measurement of the 168

FIRE FIGHT
Attack 368, 369, 461
Defense 427
Machine guns 283
Superiority of fire in attack 370-371

FIRE FOR EFFECT 320

FIRE OF POSITION 140
Infantry 85
Machine guns 85

FIRE WHILE IN MOTION 92, 381
Austrian experiments with 92
Examples of employment of 93
Losses when using 92

FIRING LINE
Advance in attack 366
Assembling the 97
Closing in 97
Dense 75
Prolonging the 96
Re-forming the 97
Reinforcing the, method of 96
Selection of line to be occupied by 138
Strength and density 75
Strength of the 139
Use of cover by the 138

FIRING TRENCHES 417, 419, 420

FIXING BAYONETS 372
Signal for, in assault 377

FLAGS, Guidon 62, 63

FLANK ATTACK
Separation from holding attack 361
France 455

FLANKS, protection of the, in defense 425

FOREGROUND, division into sections 411

FORMAL TACTICS 12

FORMATIONS 42
Advance through woods 332
Assembly 42, 454
Austria 49, 52, 58, 62, 69, 72
Battalion 67-73
Battle 43
Belgium 58
Brigade 73-74
England 58, 71
France 49, 65, 66, 70, 73, 454
Germany 47, 52, 57, 60, 62, 67, 68, 72
Infantry under artillery fire 318, 321-324
Influence of various rifles on density of 240
Italy 58, 70, 73
Japan 58, 70
Line and column, comparison of 43
Machine guns 273, 274
Austria 288
Germany 273, 274
Switzerland 287
Netherlands 58
Provisions of various regulations 69-71
Purpose of 42
Regiment 73, 74
Route 42
Russia 58, 62, 69, 73
Sweden 58
Switzerland 71
Tactical, importance of 108
Troops in rear of firing line 186
Vulnerability of various 181, 186, 187
Warding off a cavalry charge 302

FORTIFYING THE POSITION 415
Russia 422

FORTRESS WARFARE 13

FOURS, column of 58
Compared with column of squads 59
How formed 58

FRAMEWORK OF A POSITION 414

FRANCE
Advance guard, conduct of the 454
Advance in mass formation in attack 455
Advanced positions 413
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 480
Artillery fire, effect of 123, 124
Assembly (_carré de division_) 454
Assault 457
Attack 453
Artillery in the preparatory action 454
Formation
Battalion 457
Brigade 454
Division 457
Infantry preparation 454
Battalion, formation of the (with plate) 70
Company (plate) 49
Strength of (table) 35
_Contre attaque_ 439
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 334
Counter-attack 378, 439, 458
In conjunction with a movement to the rear 434
Defense 458
Envelopment 363, 457
Fire, kinds of 159, 455
Fire pauses 156
Fire, time for opening 154
Flank attack 455
Frontage 241, 242
Front and facing distance 48
Group attack 255
Group combat 241, 242
Infantry combat 453-459
Infantry versus cavalry 315
Intrenching in attack 457
Intrenching, tool equipment (table) 39
Intrenchments 416
Kinds of fire 159, 455
Line of company columns 70
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns 290
Offensive return 458
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Platoon in 4-rank formation (with plates) 65, 66
Preparatory attack formation 455
Pure frontal attack 455
Rafale fire 164
Rencontre 339
_Retour offensif_ 439
Rushes 90, 91
Signal detachments 248
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 480
Supports, conduct in attack 456
Units of direction 219
Use of spade in attack 392, 457
Vulnerability of various formations 187

FRONTAGE
Army corps in attack 236
Attack 234
England 460
Austria 241
Battalion in attack and defense 236
Belgium 242
Brigade in attack 235, 399
Combat formations 222
Company in attack 235, 236
Attack and defense 96
Defense 236
Rear guard action 236
Considerations governing in attack 229
Defense, factors governing in 232
Seeking a decision 233, 234
Temporary 233
England 242, 460
Examples 223, 237
France 241
Gaps in the line 239, 411
Italy 242
Japan 242
Maximum, when justifiable 235
Overextension of 238
Provisions of various regulations 241, 242
Regiment 236
Relation to distribution in depth 225
Resumé of most important points governing 241
Russia 242
Russo-Japanese War 239
Various battles 240

FRONTAL COUNTER-ATTACK 436
England 463
Examples of 437, 438

FRONT AND FACING DISTANCE in various countries (table) 48

G.

GAPS IN THE ATTACKING LINE 239

GAPS IN THE DEFENSIVE LINE 411

GATLING GUN 259

GENERAL RESERVE
Distance from defensive line 430
Interval from flank of defensive line 430
Position of the, in defense 411, 429
Strength in defense 431

GERMANY
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 476
Battalion, formations of the 67, 68
Broad column (plate) 67
Cavalry brigade, number of _Eskadrons_ in 311
Column of platoons (plate) 62
Column of squads and route column (plate) 57
Company (plate) 47
Strength of (table) 35
Company column (plate) 60
Concentration, defense 205
Deep column (plate) 67, 68
Development for action, defense 207
Distribution in depth, defense 207
_Eskadron_, strength of 32
Fire, kinds of 158
Front and facing distance 48
Intrenching tool equipment (table) 39
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns--see Machine Guns
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Ranges, ascertaining 143
Rushes 90
Supply of ammunition 475, 476
“To form for attack,” definition 207

GROUND, influence of the 179

GROUP INTRENCHMENTS 417
England 462
Switzerland 467

GUARDS 22

GUIDON FLAGS 62, 63
Examples of the use of 355

H.

HATCHET, weight of the 40

HEADQUARTERS, distribution of work at 245

HELIOGRAPH, use of, on the battlefield 246

HISTORY--see Military History

HITS
Number of, obtained by various marksmen (table) 169
Curves of hits (plate) 170
Percentage of, standard of measurement of effect of fire 168

HOLDING ATTACK 357
Compared with delaying action 445
Separation from flank attack 361
Strength of 446

HOTCHKISS MACHINE GUN 260

HOWITZER
Heavy field 118
Light field 116

I.

INDIVIDUALISM, influence of, on tactics 201

INDIRECT FIRE 184

INFANTRY FIRE--see Fire

INFLUENCE OF THE GROUND 179

INFANTRY
Advance under artillery fire 318
Advance under fire, rules for 367
Attack
In Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340-345
On dismounted cavalry 313
Combat
According to various drill regulations 448-467
Against artillery 316
Cavalry 301
Provisions of various regulations 314-315
Machine guns, general principles 268
In Russo-Japanese War 341
Value of, as compared with machine guns 267
Conduct under machine gun fire 269
Coöperation with artillery 351, 354
Cyclists 28, 29, 30
Deployment 201
For firing on charging cavalry 303
Élite 21
Equipment, weight of (table) in various armies 40
Fire, effect of, against shielded batteries 324, 325
Fire effect, as compared with machine guns 265
Fire of position 85
Firing on artillery in position 324
Formations for advancing under artillery fire 318, 321, 324
Importance and employment of 19-32
Japanese, tactics in Russo-Japanese War 341
Load carried 39
Local reconnaissance of the 248
Losses in Franco-German War 20
Percentage of 188
Manner of fighting 19, 20
Method of warding off a cavalry charge 304
Mounted infantry 25, 26, 27
Passage through artillery lines 316
Proportion to other arms 19
Relative strength as compared to cavalry 311
Russian, tactics in Russo-Japanese War 340
Screen for artillery 327
Tactical unit 32-34
Tactics in Russo-Japanese War 341
Time for opening fire on charging cavalry 308

INFANTRY COMBAT
Austria 448-450
England 459-463
France 453-459
Italy 451-453
Japan 463-465
Russia 466
Switzerland 466-467

INFANTRY SCREEN 327

INFORMATION OFFICERS 245

INSTRUCTION
Method of 7-13
Applicatory (or inductive) 10, 11
Deductive 11
Maneuvers 8, 12
Map problems 8, 11
Military history, study of 7, 8

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAMPAIGNS 15

INTERVAL
Between general reserve and flank of defensive line 430
Definition 47

INTRENCHING IN ATTACK
Austria 392, 449
England 392
France 392, 457
Germany 392
Japan 392, 465
Russia 392
Switzerland 466

INTRENCHING TOOL EQUIPMENT 38-40
In various armies (table) 39

INTRENCHING TOOLS
General rules for use in attack 393
Use of in attack 387
Provisions of various regulations 392, 393

INTRENCHMENTS
Battalion groups of 417
Communicating trenches 419, 421
Cover trenches 419, 421
Dimensions 418, 420
Dummy 421, 423
Field magazines 418
Firing trenches 417, 419, 420
Foreground, clearing the 421
Observation of the 420
Masks 421
Narrow trenches 418
Obstacles, construction of 421
Purpose 416
Splinter proofs 418, 420
Traverses 417

IRON RATION, weight of 40

ITALY
Advance guard, conduct of the 451
Ammunition knapsacks 483
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 483
Assault 452
Attack 451
Battalion, formations of the 70
Company, strength of (table) 35
Coöperation of infantry and artillery 354
Counter-attack 453
Cyclists, rate of march of 29
Defense 453
Envelopment 362
Fire, kinds of 160
Time for opening 154
Frontage 242
Front and facing distance 48
Infantry combat 451-453
Intrenching tool equipment 39
Kinds of fire 451
Load carried by soldier 40
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Ranges, ascertaining 143
Rushes 91, 452
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 483
Vulnerability of various formations 186

J.

JAPAN
Advance in skirmish line 76, 77
Advanced positions 465
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Assault 464
Attack 463
On a position prepared for defense 464
In Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 341, 342
Battalion, formations of the 70
Combat, characteristics of 341
Counter-attack 439
Defense 465
Fire, kinds of 160
Frontage 242
Front and facing distance 48
Infantry
Combat 463-465
Tactics in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 341
Versus cavalry 315
Intrenching in attack 392, 465
Kinds of fire 463
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns 290
Pace, length and number per minute (table) 54
Pursuit 465
Rencontre 464
Rushes 91, 463
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Use of spade in attack 392, 466

JÄGER 21-23

K.

KAISERJÄGER 24

KINDS OF FIRE--see Fire

KNAPSACKS
Ammunition 483
Loss of 364
Weight of, in various armies (table) 40

L.

LEADERS
Conduct in action 399
Duties in action 399, 400, 401
Posts in action 399

LEADING--see Troop Leading

LESSONS OF THE BOER WAR, in re
Attack 340
Rushes 88, 89

LESSONS OF THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, in re
Attack 340
Fire control and fire direction 137
Formations under artillery fire 321-324
Rushes 89, 90

LINE
Comparison with column 42-45
Vulnerability of the 187

LINE FORMATION 73, 74

LINE OF COMPANY COLUMNS, French (with plate) 70

LINE OF PLATOONS, vulnerability of 186

LOCAL RECONNAISSANCE--see Reconnaissance

LONG RANGE FIRE 148, 150-153, 176

LOSSES
Artillery under infantry fire 326, 327
British, in Boer War 193
Examples 20, 36, 45, 50, 51, 153, 167, 168, 176, 178, 188,
189, 190, 193, 227, 312, 324
Franco-German War (by arm) 20
French Cuirassiers in charge at Vionville 312
In action 185
Infantry under artillery fire 324
Percentage of 186, 188, 189, 227
Produced by
Long range fire 176
Artillery and infantry fire, comparison 167, 168
Officers and men, comparison 189, 190
Skirmish line 81
When using fire while in motion 92

M.

MACHINE GUNS 259
Ammunition 261
Supply
Austria 288
Battery 273
England 290
Germany 273
Russia 291
Switzerland 284
Transportation of 270
Assignment to cavalry 296
Attack, employment in 365
Austria 288
Basket mount 261
Battery (Germany)
Ammunition supply 273
Column of platoons 273, 274
Combat train 276
Employment of 293
Field train 270
Fighting 270
Formations 273, 274
Movements and gaits 273
Order in line 273, 274
Organization 270
Relative combat value 273
Route column 273, 274
Section column 273, 274
Belts, ammunition 261
Cavalry 261
Colt 261
Column of platoons 273, 274
Combat
Against artillery 297
Cavalry 296
Of infantry against, general principles 268
Train 270
Value as compared with skirmishers 267
Companies
Germany 275
Russia 290
Switzerland 284
Cone of dispersion 264
Crawling into position (illustration) 277
Defense 414
Employment in 425
Development, historical 259
Employment of 263
English views on employment of 297
Examples of employment of 283
Feldl gun 219
Field train 270
Fighting battery 270
Fire 263
Austria 263
Comparison with infantry fire 265-267
Concentrated 263
Cone of dispersion 264
Effect of 264, 294
Germany 263
Kinds of 263, 287-288
Progressive 263
Rate of 261
Sweeping 263
Switzerland 263, 287
Formations
Austria 288
Germany 273, 274
Switzerland 287
Fire effect 264, 294
As compared with a body of skirmishers 265
Fire fight 283
Fire of position 85
France 290
Gatling 259
Germany 270
Going into position 276
Historical development 259
Hotchkiss 260
In position (illustration) 279
Intrenched (illustration) 281
Japan 290
Kinds of fire
Austria 263, 288
Germany 263
Switzerland 263, 287, 288
Mitrailleuse 259
Mountain batteries 288
Mounting, method of 261, 284
Organization
Austria 288
England 290
Germany 270, 271, 275
Russia 291
Switzerland 284
Order in line 273-274
Progressive fire 263
Russia 290
Schwarzlose 260
Searching fire 263
Section column 273, 274
Sled mount 261
Sweeping fire 263
Swiss views on employment of 299
Tripod mount 261
Various countries 284-293
Weights of various, with mounts 261

MAGAZINES--see Field Magazines

MAIN BODY, conduct in a rencontre 336

MAIN FIRING POSITION 369

MANEUVERS 8, 12

MAP PROBLEMS 8, 11

MARCH, rate of, cyclists 29

MARCHING, length of pace and 53

MARKSMANSHIP, value of 169

MASKS 421
Influence of 120

MATTOCK, weight of 40

METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS, effect of, on range 145

METHOD OF INSTRUCTION--see Instruction

MILITARY HISTORY, EXAMPLES FROM
Abridged attack 330
Advance, impulse from the rear 95
Advanced positions 412
Attack on 348
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 89, 90, 468, 474
Artillery fire diverted from proper objective by advancing
infantry 327
Artillery supporting a cavalry charge 313
Under infantry fire 326-327
Assault 376, 409
Assaulting guidons, use of 355
Attack 340-345
Formation of a brigade 207
Battalions, strength of 36
Cavalry charges 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313
Changes of front 320, 321
Charge of French Cuirassiers of the Guard at Vionville 311
Close order formation, effect of fire on 102, 103
Column as attack formation 44, 45
Combats, duration of 178
Companies, consolidation of 36
Concentration for action 205, 209, 210
Counter-attack
After position is carried 433
Against a hostile flank 435, 436
Cover,
Construction of, in attack 344
Use of 257
Defensive position, location of 410
Deployment 206
Of reserves 369
Distribution in depth and frontage 222, 223, 226
Dummy trenches 421
Effect of danger 195-200
Fire on charging cavalry 308
Envelopment 357, 358, 359, 360, 361
Expenditure and supply of ammunition 468-474
Fatigue produced by continuous fire 155
Fire,
Effect of 132
Kinds of, used in Russo-Japanese War 157, 159
Russo-Turkish War 158, 159
Withholding the 151, 152
Fire control and fire direction, difficulties of 137
Fire effect on close order formations 102, 103
Fire pauses 156
Fire preparation 149
Fire support during an assault 380
Fire while in motion 93
Flank attack 357
Flanking fire 354
Formations suitable under fire 121
Under artillery fire 321, 322, 323, 324
Frontage 231, 232
And distribution in depth 237
In Russo-Japanese War 239
Of battalions at Mukden 211
Overextension of 238
Frontal counter attacks 437, 438
Gaps in the line 239
Improvised units, use of 197
Influence of various rifles on density of battle formations 24
Length of rushes and expenditure of ammunition 89-90
Lessons of the Boer War, in re attack 340
Russo-Japanese War, in re attack 340
Local reconnaissance 250, 253
Long range fire 149, 150, 151, 152, 153
In defense 155
Losses 36, 50, 51, 153, 332
Percentage of 188, 189, 227
Produced by infantry and artillery fire 167
Long range fire 176
Relative, officers to men 189, 190
Under artillery fire 324
Machine guns, employment of 260, 275, 283, 289, 290
Masks, effect of 120
Mistakes caused by trumpet signals 42
Mixing of organizations 195, 226
Moral effect of a cavalry charge 306
Fire 426
Gen. Bennal’s impressions at Wörth 191
On charging cavalry 309
Number of troops required for attack and defense 234
Passage through timber 333
Ranges, underestimation of 142
Removal of packs 364
Rencontre 339
Reserves, employment of 340, 395, 396, 397
Rushes, employment of 93, 94, 95
Length of 89, 90
Sand bags, use of, in attack 344, 390
Study of 7-8
Surprise 208, 250, 252, 331, 340
Surrender of British troops in Boer War 192
Telephone communication at Mukden 247
Temperature, effect of 145
Trumpet signals, mistakes caused by 42
United attack, necessity of 402
Use of spade in attack 387, 388
Value of 8, 9, 10
Void of the battlefield 194
Volleys, use of 164
Woods, passage through 333
Wounds
Produced by cutting weapons 384
Character of 128, 129

MINOR TACTICS 12

MISSES, effect of; Wolozkoi’s theory 173

MITRAILLEUSE 259

MIXING OF ORGANIZATIONS 195, 226
How prevented 96, 97

MORAL EFFECT
Cavalry charge 306
Counter-attack 436
Fire 191, 227
On charging cavalry 309

MORAL FACTORS and discipline 107, 108

MOUNTAIN TROOPS 23

MOUNTAIN WARFARE 23

MOUNTED INFANTRY 25, 26, 27

MOUNTED MESSENGERS, use on battlefield 246

MUSICIANS
Duties in skirmish line 79
Posts in skirmish line 79

N.

NEEDLE GUN, compared with rifle, model 98, as regards flatness of
trajectory 153

NETHERLANDS, column of fours 58

NIGHT ATTACKS, distribution in depth 233

NIGHT OPERATIONS, close order formations, importance of 104

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, posts of, in various armies 47

NORMAL ATTACK 203
v. Boguslawski’s views 204
Clausewitz’s views 204
v. Scherff’s views 205

NORMAL FORMATIONS, necessity for, in some countries 201

O.

OBSERVATION OF THE FOREGROUND 420
Compared with deliberately planned attack 334, 338

OBSERVATION STATIONS 421

OBSTACLES 422

OBUS ALLONGÉ 115

OFFENSIVE
Assumption of the 428
In defense 409
Spirit of the 109, 110

OFFENSIVE-DEFENSIVE 408

OFFENSIVE RETURN (France) 439, 458

OFFICERS
Demeanor, influence of 84
Losses among 50, 51
Franco-German War (by arm) 20
Relative to men 189, 190

OPEN COLUMN, depth of 47

ORDER IN LINE, machine gun batteries 273, 274

ORDERS 41
Combat 243, 244
Contents of 41
Issue of 41
In a rencontre 336

ORGANIZATION 34
Battalion 36, 37
Brigade 37, 38
Company 34, 35
In various armies (table) 35
Machine guns,
Austria 288
England 290
France 290
Germany 270
Japan 290
Russia 290
Switzerland 284
Mounted infantry (England) 26
Regiment 37

ORGANIZATIONS
Mixing of 195, 226
How prevented 96, 97
Use of improvised 197

P.

PACE
Diminution of length of, on various slopes 141
Length of, and marching 53
In various armies (table) 54

PACES, number of, per minute 54

PACKS, removal of 363, 364

PANIC 27, 107, 441

PASSIVE DEFENSE 408, 409

PATROLS 27
Combat 80

PEACE, eternal 1

PENETRATION, “S” bullet 131

PLATOON
Column of twos, vulnerability of 187
Commander, post in close order 63
Skirmish line 79
French 4-rank formation (with plates) 65, 66
Infantry, strength of the German 273
One-rank, vulnerability of the 187

PLATOONS
Column of (with plate) 61, 62
How formed 49
Machine gun battery 273, 274
Division of the company into 46
Three or four platoons 48

POSITION
Advance into a preparatory 350
Advanced 413
Battalion groups of intrenchments 417
Communicating trenches 421
Cover trenches 421
Determining factors in selecting a 414
Dummy intrenchments 421
Foreground, clearing the 421
Division into sections 411
Observation of the 420
Fortifying the 415
Framework of the 414
Gaps in the defensive 411
Intrenchments 418-422
Masks 421
Obstacles, construction of 421
Occupation of the 426
Rallying 442
Requisites of a defensive 410
Russian views in re defensive 422
Sections, divisions into 411
Temporary occupation 408

POSTS
Battalion commander in action 400
Commander in a rencontre 338
Company commander in action 400
Musicians in skirmish line 79, 80
Non-commissioned officers in close order 47
Platoon commanders in close order 63
Skirmish line 79
Range finders in close order 46, 47
Skirmish line 79, 80
Squad leaders in close order 46, 47
Skirmish line 79
Regimental commander in action 400

PREPARATION OF THE ASSAULT 352

PREPARATION OF THE ATTACK 346
By artillery, provisions of various regulations 354

PREPARATORY POSITION 350

PROGRESSIVE FIRE
Artillery 320
Machine guns 263

PURE FRONTAL ATTACK 357
France 455

PURSUIT 385
Japan 465

Q.

QUICK TIME, in various armies (table) 54

R.

RAFALE 158, 164

RALLYING POSITION 442
England 460
Occupation of the 443

RANGE
Altitude, effect of, on the 145
Ascertaining the 140
Pacing and galloping 141
Provisions of various regulations 143
Ascertaining the 140
Range finding instruments 146
Trial volleys 145
Error of estimation 141
Formulae for determining favorable range for firing against hill
positions 183
Influence of error in estimating the 170
Knowledge of the 140
Meteorological conditions, effect of 145
Range finding instruments, permissible error 146
Trial volleys 145

RANGE FINDERS
Classification 143
Duties in machine gun detachments 283
Post in close order 46, 47
Skirmish line 79, 80

RANGE FINDING INSTRUMENTS
Errors permissible 146
Principle of construction 146

RANGING--see Range

RANKS, influence of rate of fire upon the number of 46

RATIONS, weight of 40

REAR GUARD ACTION, frontage of a company in 236

RECONNAISSANCE
Companies 251
Detachments of all arms 251
In attack 346
In force 251, 347
Local, in attack 347
Object of 250
Of the infantry 248
Patrols and scouting detachments 27

REGIMENT 37
Cavalry, strength of German 273
Combat frontage 236
Formation for attack 214
Formations 73, 74
Importance 37
Organization 37

REGIMENTAL COMMANDER
Duties in action 400
Post in action 400

REGULATIONS--see Drill Regulations

REMOVAL OF PACKS 363, 364

RENCONTRE 333
Advance guard, conduct of the 334
Austria 448
Commander, position of 338
Conduct of main body 336
Examples of 339
Japan 464
Machine guns, examples of, in a 295, 338
Main body, launching of the 338
Orders, issue of 336
Provisions of various regulations 339
Use of echelon formation in 74
Switzerland 466

REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT, influence of, on war 3

RESERVE
Employment of, in attack 394
Examples of employment of 340, 395, 396, 397
General, distance from defensive line 430
Interval from flank of defensive line 430
Position in defense 429
Strength of, in defense 431
In retreat 442
Launching or withholding the 396
Section 411
Size of, in various units 235
Strength of the (in attack and defense) 395

RETREAT
Direction of 440, 442
Rallying position 442
Reserve 442

RICOCHETS, effect of 185

RIFLE--see Rifles

RIFLEMEN 22

RIFLE-RESTS, influence of 178

RIFLES
Automatic 126
Influence of various, on density of battle formations (table) 240
Used in Russo-Japanese War 127
Weight of, in various armies (table) 40

ROAD SPACE--see Depth

ROUTE COLUMN (with plate) 57
Battalion in 72
Machine gun battery 273, 274

RUSHES
Advance by 82
Austria 449
England 462
Examples of the employment of 93, 94, 95
Gait to be employed in 82, 86
How made in various armies 90, 91
Italy 452
Japan 91, 463
Length of 83
Lessons of the Boer and Russo-Japanese Wars 88, 89, 90
Long or short 85, 86
Preparation for 83
Provisions of various regulations 90-91
Russia 91
Short or long 85, 86
Strength of the rushing unit 83
Time required for 83

RUSSIA
Advanced positions 413
Ammunition, how carried by soldier 476
Ammunition supply 475
Regulations in re 480
Assault 381
Battalion, formations of the 69, 73
Column of platoons (plate) 62
Company, strength of (table) 35
Defensive position, views on 422
Fire, kinds of 160
Frontage 242
Front and facing distance 48
Infantry
Combat 466
Tactics in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340
Versus cavalry 315
Intrenching tool equipment of Russian companies 38
Load carried by soldier 40
Machine guns 290
Pace, length and number per minute 54
Ranges, ascertaining 143
Rushes 91
Sandbag cover, results of experiments 390
Skirmish line, formation of 80
Supply of ammunition 475, 480
Use of general reserve 397
Spade in attack 392

S.

“S” BULLET
Effect on corpses 130
Materials 131
Steel shields 324

SAND BAGS 344, 390
Results of Russian experiments 390

SCHWARZLOSE MACHINE GUN 260

SCOUTING DETACHMENTS 27, 28, 414
Use of, in reconnaissance 252

SEARCHING FIRE
Artillery 321
Machine guns 263

SECONDARY ATTACK 357

SECTIONS
Assignment of combat 243
Defensive position, division into combat 411
Division of the platoon into 46

SECTION COLUMN, machine gun battery 273, 274

SHARPSHOOTER PLATOONS 21

SHELL
Comparison between that of field gun and howitzer 117
Percussion (Model 96) 115
Time (Model 96) 116
(Model 98) 118

SHIELDS
Protection afforded by 324

SHRAPNEL
Comparison between that of field gun and howitzer 117
Effect (tables) 114, 122
On animate targets 125
Incendiary effect 112
Percussion 111, 112
Time 112

SIGNAL LAMPS, use of, on battlefield 246

SIGNALS 41
Advance 41
Assemble 41
Attention 41
Charge 41
Deploy 41
Employment of, by combat patrols 80
Fix bayonet 41, 377
Halt 41
Misunderstanding of 42
Trumpet 41

SITUATION, estimate of the 11

SKI DETACHMENTS 30, 31, 32

SKI RUNNERS 30, 31, 32

SKIRMISH LINES
Boer advance in thin 75
Cover, use of 256
Efficacy of fire against thin and dense (table) 77
Fire effect, as compared with machine guns 265
Formation of 78
In various armies 80
Gaits of 81
Japanese advance in thin 76, 77
Losses 81
Movements in 81, 82
Thin and dense 76, 77
Vulnerability of 186, 187

SNOW SHOE MARCHING 30, 31

SPADE
Use of, in attack 387, 388, 392, 449, 457, 465, 466
Small, weight of 40

SPLINTER PROOFS 418, 420

SQUAD LEADERS
Posts in close order 46, 47
Skirmish line 79

SQUADS
Column of, compared with column of fours 59
(Plate) 57
Division of the company into 46
Machine gun, composition and duties of members of (Germany) 283

STAFFS, division of work in 245

STRATEGY
Definitions of 4, 5, 6
Relation of tactics to 6, 7

SUPERIORITY OF FIRE 370, 371, 427

SUPPLY OF AMMUNITION
Austria 475, 479
Deductions from various regulations 483
England 475, 482
France 475, 480
Germany 475, 476
Italy 475, 483
Japan 475
Russia 475, 480
Various armies (table) 475

SUPPORTS 98, 99
Advance of 100
In attack 368
Advantages of 102
Arguments against 101, 102
Commander, duties of 100
Conduct, French regulations 455
Defense 410
Deployment in attack 369
Distance from firing line 98, 99
Duties 98
Formations 100
Movements 100
Necessity 98
Purpose 98

SURPRISE 330
Examples of 331

SURRENDER, British troops in Boer War 192

SWEDEN, column of fours 58

SWEEPING FIRE
Artillery 321
Machine guns 263

T.

TACTICAL FORMATIONS, Importance of 108

TACTICAL MISSIONS, compared with united action 401

TACTICAL UNIT 32, 33, 34

TACTICS
Applied 12, 13
Changes in 13, 14
Definitions of 4, 5, 6
Formal 12
Grand 12
Japanese infantry in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 341
Minor 12
Relation of strategy to 6-7
Russian infantry in Russo-Japanese War, characteristics of 340

TARGET, selection of a 147

TASKS
Assignment of 218
Dangers of assigning 405

TELEGRAPH, FIELD, use of, on battlefield 246

TELEPHONE, FIELD, use of, in infantry combat 246

TEMPORARY OCCUPATION of a position 408

TERRAIN, importance of 254

TIMBER, advance through 332

TRAINING and drill 105, 106
Influence of, on efficacy of fire 168

TRAVERSES 417

TRENCHES 416-420
Dimensions 418

TROOP LEADING
Duties of higher 366
Minor 365

TROOP UNIT 34

TRUMPET SIGNALS 41

TWOS, column of 56

U.

UNIFORM, color of, influence on visibility 119

UNITED ACTION
Compared with tactical missions 401
Dangers of 405

UNITED STATES, three-unit organization 38, 218

UNIVERSAL SERVICE, influence of, on war 4

USE OF SPADE IN ATTACK 387
Austria 449
France 457
Japan 465
Provisions of various regulations 392
Switzerland 466

V.

VOID OF THE BATTLEFIELD 194

VOLLEY
Value of the 157, 163
Trial 145

VULNERABILITY of various formations 186, 187

W.

WAR 2, 3, 4
Importance and necessity of 2
Influence of representative government in reducing number of
wars 3
Influence of universal service on 4
Lessons of, in re attack 340
Rushes 88, 89
Purpose of 4
_Ultimo ratio_ of state policy 2, 3

WEAPONS, changes and improvements in 13

WIGWAG FLAGS, use of, in infantry action 246

WIRE CUTTERS 39

WITHDRAWAL 441
Conduct of a 441

WOLOZKOI’S THEORY of the constant cone of misses 173

WOODS, advance through 332

WOUNDS
Produced by cutting weapons, (%) 384
Infantry and artillery fire, comparison 167
Jacketed bullets 129
Shrapnel bullets 125
Small arms in Russo-Japanese War, character of 127, 128

Z.

ZONE FIRE, artillery 320

INDEX OF EXAMPLES FROM MILITARY HISTORY.

A.

=~Aiaslar~=, August 25, 1877. PAGE
Ammunition, expenditure of 472

=~Albuera~=, 1811.
Losses 227

=~Amiens~=, November 27, 1870.
Frontage 237

=~Austerlitz.~=
Attacking column, formation 44

=~Azay~=, January 6, 1871.
Masks, effect of 112

B.

=~Baalon~=, September 17, 1870.
Surprise 331

=~Beaumont~=, August 30, 1870.
Advance guard, deployment of 231, 232
Artillery, losses of the 327
Cavalry charge 309
Deployment of an advance guard 231, 232
Distribution in depth 231, 232
Flank attack 357
Frontage 231, 232
Frontal counter-attack 437
Ineffective rapid fire at short ranges 162
Line of platoons in columns of twos 121
Losses, artillery under infantry fire 327
Rencontre 339
Surprise 331
Woods, passage through 333

=~Beaune la Bolande~=, November 28, 1870.
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 470
Shortage of 469
Short range fire 153
Withholding the fire 152

=~Belmont~=, November 22, 1899.
Night march 351

=~Boer War~=--see South African War (1899-1902).

=~Busaco.~=
Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Buzanval~=, January 19, 1871.
Ammunition, expenditure of 470

C.

=~Casablanca~=, 1907.
Effect of infantry fire on charging cavalry 308

=~Chagey~=, January 11, 1871.
Short range fire 153

=~Champigny~=, November 30, 1870.
Ammunition, expenditure and supply 471
Influence of the ground on efficacy of fire 183
Jägers, employment of 23

=~Chevilly~=, November 30, 1870.
Fire while in motion 93

=~Chlum~= (Königgrätz), 1866.
Flank attack 357

=~Colenso~=, December 15, 1899.
Artillery under infantry fire 326
Boer position, location of 410
Density of battle line 240
Insufficient reconnaissance 340
Losses 189
Officers 190
Moral effect of fire 152, 426
Pure frontal attack 340
Reconnaissance, lack of local 249
Reserves, use of 340
Surprise 340
Withholding the fire, moral effect 152

=~Colombey~=, August 14, 1870.
Attack on Aubigny 405
On the “Tannenwäldchen” 403
Frontage 237
Losses 195
Mixing of organizations 195
Moral effect of fire 199

=~Coulmiers~=, November 9, 1870.
Ammunition supply 484
Reserve, employment of the 395

=~Coulomiers~=, December 15, 1870.
Withholding the fire 152

=~Custozza~=, 1866.
Battle lines, density of 240
Cavalry charge 302
Moral effect of a 200
Reserves, employment of 396

D.

=~Daix~=, November 26, 1870.
Ammunition, supply of 484

=~Datshishiao~=, July 24, 1904.
Bayonet fight 382

=~Diamond Hill~=, 1900.
Frontage 238

=~Doornkop~=, May 29, 1900.
Opening fire 150

E.

=~Etoges~=, 1814.
Infantry versus cavalry 313

F.

=~Franco-German War~= (1870-71).
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 468
Close order formations, impossibility of employing, in first
line 102
Fire, efficacy of 176
Frontages 237
Losses among officers, percentage of (by arm) 20
Officers, number of, per 1000 men 51
Proportion of the various arms 19

=~Fuchau~=, 1905.
Local reconnaissance 250

G.

=~Garcia Hernandez~=, 1812.
Cavalry charge 309

=~Gitschin~=, 1866.
Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42

=~Gorni Bugarov~=, January 1, 1878.
Frontal counter-attack 438
Short range fire 153

=~Gorni Dubniac~=, October 24, 1877.
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 473
Assault, inability to 409
Fire, ineffectiveness of uphill 183
Intrenching in attack 389
Isolated attacks with inadequate forces 223
Perseverance under fire 387
Reserves, deployment of 369
Rushes, advance by 95
Signal for attack, failure of 361
Strength, relative, of opposing forces 234

=~Gravelotte~= (St. Privat).
Advance to the battlefield 67
Ammunition, expenditure 471
Artillery under infantry fire 326
Assault 376
Assaulting distance 385
Attack made by the III. Army Corps 398
Battle lines, density of 240
Close order formations under fire 103
Columns of twos, line of 121
Companies, consolidation of 36
Concentration for action 210
Density of battle lines 240
Enfilade fire 254
Envelopment 361
Fire,
Artillery under infantry 326
Close order formation under 103
Columns of twos, line of, under 121
Enfilade 254
Long range 152
Pause 156
Perseverance under 108, 387
Uphill, ineffectiveness of 183
Flanking fire 254
Infantry fire, artillery under 326
Intrenchments, construction of 388
Losses, aggregate and detail 188
At various ranges 176
Franz regiment 195
Officers 33, 51, 190
Lull in the fight at Point du Jour 156
March formations 67
Mitrailleuses, employment of 260
Mixing of organizations 196
Officers, losses among 33, 51, 190
Organizations, mixing of 196
Ranges, underestimation of 142
Reconnaissance, relaxing in the 347
Reserves 398
Stragglers 196
Uphill fire against trenches, ineffectiveness of 183

H.

=~Haicheng~=, 1904.
Advanced positions, several lines of 412

=~Hallue~=, December 23, 1870.
Envelopment 6
Attempted, by first line 360
Frontage 232

=~l’Hay~=, September 30, 1870.
Fire while in motion 93

=~Helmstedt~=, July 25, 1866.
Change of front 220

=~Hühnerwasser~=, 1866.
Ammunition found on the battlefield 469

K.

=~Karahassankioi~=, August 23, 1877.
Ammunition, expenditure of 472

=~Katzbach~=, August 26, 1813.
Attack in line 108

=~Kazeljevo.~=
Frontal counter-attack 438

=~Kesselsdorf~=, 1745.
Frontal counter-attack 437
Losses 189

=~Kinchau~=, November 26, 1904.
Ammunition, expenditure of 474
Assaulting distance 385

=~Kolin~=, 1757.
Losses 189

=~Königgrätz~=, July 3, 1866.
Adjustment of fire facilitated by a poplar 120
Advance to the battlefield 205
Battle lines, density of 240
Cavalry charge, moral effect of a 306
Flank attack 357, 359
Jägers, employment of 23
Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42

L.

=~Ladon~=, November 26, 1870.
Envelopment 361

=~Ladonchamps~= (near Metz).
Artillery fire, ineffectiveness of 120

=~Ladysmith~=, 1900.
Supports 98

=~Le Bourget~=, October 30, 1870.
Assaulting distance 385
Columns of twos, line of 121
Rushes 93, 94

=~Le Mans.~=
Battalions, strength of 36
Gatling guns 260
Officers, number present for duty 50

=~Liao Yang~=, 1904.
Ammunition, expenditure of 473, 474
Battle lines, density of 239
Fire 155
Frontage 239
Intrenching tools, use of, in attack 392
Machine guns 291
Strength of opposing forces 341
Surprise 208, 250

=~Linshinpu~=, 1904.
Ammunition, expenditure of 473

=~Lisaine.~=
Frontage 228

=~Loigny~=, December 2, 1870.
Advance to the battlefield 67
Counter-attack 433, 435, 436
Intrenching tools, lack of 388
Wheel executed by Kottwitz’ Brigade 220

=~Lovtcha~=, September 1, 1877.
Ammunition, expenditure of 472
Mixing of organizations 197
Registration mark for artillery fire 120
Rushes 95
Strength of opposing forces 234

M.

=~Magersfontain~=, December 11, 1899.
Boer position, location of 410
Convalescence of wounded 129
Dummy trenches 421
Fire surprise 133
Frontage 227, 238
Lack of reinforcements 227
Losses 189
Officers 190
Perseverance under fire 137, 387
Pure frontal attack 340
Reconnaissance, lack of local 249
Reinforcements, lack of 227
Reserves, employment of 340
Withholding the fire, moral effect of 152

=~Maida.~=
Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Marengo~=, 1800.
Attacking column, formation of 45

=~Mars-la-Tour~=--see Vionville.

=~Minden~=, 1757.
Infantry versus cavalry 313

=~Modder River~=, November 28, 1899.
Boer position, location of 410
Fire fight 132, 371
Moral effect of fire 426
Opening fire at long range 150
Perseverance under fire 132
Pure frontal attack 340
Reconnaissance, lack of 252, 340
Surprise 252, 340

=~Montoy~= (Noisseville).
Surprise 332

=~Mont Valérien~=, January 19, 1871.
Ammunition, shortage of 469

=~Mukden~=, 1905.
Advance in thin skirmish lines 76, 77
Assault with cold steel 134
Attack, mode of Japanese 343, 344
Battle lines, density of 239, 240
Bayonet fights 382
Construction of cover in attack 344
Frontage 239
Gaps in the attacking line 239
Machine guns 292
Perseverance under fire 348
Reserves 395, 396
Sand bags, use of, in attack 344
Skirmish lines, thin 76, 77
Strength of opposing forces 341
Telephone communication 247

N.

=~Nachod~=, 1866.
Bayonet attack 153
Concentration 209
Frontage 231
Losses 153
Mixing of organizations 196
Rencontre 339

=~Nicholson’s Neck~=, October 24, 1899.
Crawling 87, 88
Volleys, ineffectiveness of 157

=~Noisseville.~=
Bayonet fight 382
Counter-attack 429, 433
Flank attack 358
Intrenching tools, lack of 388
Losses 332
Reconnaissance 253
Surprise 331

=~Nuits~=, December 18, 1870.
Abridged attack 330

O.

=~Oerrshikiatsy~= (Shaho), 1904.
Intrenching tools, use of, in attack 388

=~Orleans~=, December 3, 1870.
Counter-attack 436
Strength of German battalions 36

P.

=~Paardeberg~=, February 18, 1900.
Advance without firing 149
Convalescence of wounded 129
Crawling 87
Distribution in depth, lack of 238
Frontage 76, 227
Intrenching tools, use of, in attack 388
Opening fire at long range 150
Reinforcements, lack of 227
Skirmish lines, thin 76

=~Pieters Hill~=, February 27, 1900.
Fire support 380
Frontage 238
Machine guns 289, 298

=~Plevna~=, 1877.
Ammunition, expenditure of 472
Attacks with inadequate forces 222, 223
Bayonet fights 382
Combat impressions 191
Fire, opening 152
Uphill, ineffectiveness of 183
While in motion 93
Improvised units 197, 198
Intrenching tools, use of 388
Isolated attacks with inadequate forces 222, 223
Knapsacks, loss of 364
Losses among officers 190
At various ranges 152, 177
Mixing of organizations 197
Officers, losses among 190
Opening fire at long range 152
Ranges, underestimation of 142
Reserves, deployment of 369
Employment of 395
Rushes 95
Strength of opposing forces 234
Underestimation of ranges 142
Volleys 158

=~Podol~=, June 26, 1866.
Jägers 23

=~Poplar Grove~=, March 7, 1900.
Advance in attack formation 206
Attack formation of a brigade 207
Frontage 238

R.

=~Russo-Japanese War.~=
Advance in thin skirmish lines 76, 77
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 473
Formations under artillery fire 321, 322
Frontage 238
Infantry attack 137, 340
Local reconnaissance 250
Machine guns 290
Rushes 89
Strength of opposing forces 341
Wounds, character of 128

=~Russo-Turkish War~=, 1877-78.
Ammunition, expenditure of 472
Attacks 222, 223
Frontal counter-attacks 438
Losses 176

S.

=~St. Privat~=--see Gravelotte.

=~St. Quentin~=, January 19, 1871.
Attack on Grugies, isolated 403
Bayonet attack 103

=~Sandepu~=, 1904.
Losses among officers 190

=~Sapignies.~=
Cavalry charge 302

=~Scheinovo~=, January 9, 1878.
Ammunition, expenditure of 94, 95, 473
Cavalry charge 303
Losses 94, 95
Rushes 94, 95
Simultaneous attack 361

=~Sedan.~=
Ammunition, expenditure of 469
Cavalry charge 308, 310, 311
Losses among officers 51
Mixing of organizations 197
Packs, removal of 469

=~Shaho~=, 1904.
Advanced positions 348
Artillery, capture of 326
Attack formation of a brigade 343
Battle lines, density of 239
Frontage 239
Infantry attack 343
Intrenching tools, use of 388
Machine guns 292
Reserves 396

=~Shiliho~=, 1905.
Attack 344
Rushes 90

=~Shipka Pass~=, 1877.
Short range fire 153

=~Skalitz~=, 1812.
Jägers 23
Mixing of organizations 196

=~Slivnica~=, November 17 and 19, 1885.
Losses at long ranges 177

=~Solferino~=, 1859.
Bayonet fight 382
Battle lines, density of 240

=~Soor~=, 1745.
Losses 189
Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Soor~=, 1866.
Jägers 23

=~South African War~= (1899-1902).
Assaults 379
Crawling 87, 88
Front, overextension of 238
Lessons gained from the 88, 340
Machine guns 289
Mounted infantry 25
Rushes 88
Skirmish lines, thin 75
Surrenders 192
Wounds, character of 129

=~Spicheren.~=
Advance in assembly formation 210
Ammunition, expenditure of 469
Attack, orders for 349
Change of front 220
Concentration 210
Counter-attack 436
Envelopment 357, 358, 360
Formation in echelon and in line 74, 226
Front, change of 220
Frontage 226
Knapsacks, loss of 364
Losses 195
Mixing of organizations 196, 226
Orders for attack 349
Stragglers 195

=~Spionskop~=, 1900.
Crawling 88
Losses at short ranges, insignificant 178, 189
Reserves 340

T.

=~Tagliamento~=, 1797.
Attack formations 45

=~Tashkessen~=, January 1, 1878.
Ammunition, expenditure of 473
Frontal counter-attack 438

=~Tel el Kebir~=, 1882.
Night attack 233

=~Terrayama~= (Temple Hill), October 11, 1904.
Attack 343
Bayonet fight 382
Intrenching tools, use of 388

=~Tobitschau~=, 1866.
Cavalry charge 313

=~Towan~=, 1904.
Perseverance under fire 348

=~Trautenau~=, 1866.
Bayonet attack 153
Jägers 23
Packs, removal of 364
Rencontre 339
Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42

=~Tsinortun~=, August 26, 1904.
Counter-attack 435

=~Tugela~= (Pieters Hill), 1900.
Rushes 95

=~Tuminling Pass~=, 1904.
Losses, officers 190

V.

=~Vauxchamps~=, February 14, 1814.
Infantry versus cavalry 313

=~Villepion~=, December 1, 1870.
Holding wavering troops 382
Intrenching tools, use of 388

=~Villermain-Cravant~=, 1870.
Flank march along hostile front 360

=~Villiers~=, October 30, 1870.
Influence of the ground on the efficacy of fire 183

=~Vimiero.~=
Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Vionville.~=
Abridged attack 330
Advance in broad formations 67
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 469, 470
Artillery fire diverted by infantry 327
Cavalry charge 302, 304, 311, 313
Moral effect of 302
Preparation by artillery fire 313
Close order formations, losses in 102, 103
Concentration 209
Cover, use of 257
Direction of retreat 440
Flanking fire 254
Losses in close order formations 102, 103
Officers 190
Masks 120
Moral effect of a cavalry charge 302, 303
Packs, removal of 364
Rencontre 339
Reserves, employment of 397
Retreat 440
Trumpet signal, misunderstanding caused by 42
United attack, necessity of a 403
Volley fire, ineffectiveness of 164

=~Vouziers~=, December 15, 1870.
Surprise 331

W.

=~Wafangu~=, June 15, 1904.
Attack 341
Communication 247
Distribution in depth, excessive 223
Envelopment 341, 359

=~Wagram~=, 1809.
Attacking column, formation of 44, 45

=~Waterberg~=, 1904.
Assaulting guidons 355
Machine guns, employment of 283

=~Waterloo~=, 1815.
Attacking column, formation of 44, 45
Battle lines, density of 240
Concentration 209
Frontal counter-attack 437

=~Weiszenburg~=, August 2, 1870.
Losses among officers 51, 190
Masks 120

=~Wörth~=, August 6, 1870.
Assault 376
Assaulting distance 385
Attack, orders to 349
Battle lines, density of 240
Cavalry charge 310, 311
Change of front 220
Colors 69
Concentration 209
Counter-attack 433
Distance, elimination of, during advance 72
Distribution in depth 224
Fire while in motion 93
Interference by the commander-in-chief 248
Losses 227
Officers 51
Relative, officers and men 190
Mixing of organizations 196
Moral effect of fire 191
Officers, losses among 51
Orders to attack 349
Packs, removal of 364
Panic 440
Passage through woods 333
Reserve, employment of the 395
Stragglers 196
Supports 224
Uphill fire 183
Woods, passage through 254

Y.

=~Yalu~=, 1904.
Ammunition, expenditure and supply of 473
Attack 341
Bayonet fight 382
Losses, officers 190
Machine guns 291

=~Yangtsuling~=, 1904.
Attack 343

=~Yoshirei~=, July 31, 1904.
Formations under artillery fire 321, 323

=~Yuhuntun~=, 1905.
Perseverance under fire 348

=~Yuputz~=, March 1, 1905.
Sand bags, use of 390

=~Yushuling~=, 1904.
Intrenching tools, use of 388

Z.

=~Zella.~=
Counter-attack 433

Transcriber’s Notes

Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text, not all
elements may display as intended.

The language used in this text is that of the printed book, including
the use of inconsistent, erroneous, unusual or archaic spelling,
hyphenation, capitalisation, punctuation, etc., except as indicated
under Changes below. This applies to proper and geographical names
and non-English words and phrases as well; accents and diacriticals
have not been added or corrected unless mentioned below.

The use of physical units has not been corrected; for example, the
author regularly uses m for speed, kgm for energy, etc.

In addition to the abbreviations given on page xxi, the book
regularly uses differently abbreviated or shortened titles (sometimes
single words) or translations of references; this has not been
standardised.

Page ix, Table of Contents: the differences between the Table of
Contents and the headings in the text have not been rectified. Apart
from (minor) differences in wording, not all headings in the text
occur in the Table of Contents, and not all entries in the Table of
Contents occur as headings in the text. Any auto-generated Table of
Contents may therefore differ from the one on page ix ff.

Page 71, “in double column of twice the width of front”: the source
document was unclear at this point, the text might also have read “in
double column or twice the width of front”.

Page 183, 187: (Général) Le Joindre is the author of the publication,
but his name is presented here as part of the title.

Page 195, troop diagram: due to width restrictions, the diagram had
to be split into two rows (as it was in the printed book).

Page 475: The table appears to contain totals that do not agree with
the data provided. Since it is not clear where the error was made,
these calculations have been left as they were: row Germany, last
column; row Austria, last column but one; row France, last column.

The table contains footnote markers, but there are no corresponding
footnotes on this or the following pages. In an earlier edition of
the book, the footnotes (using the numbering from the table in this
text) were as follows:

[513] The strength of a company is assumed as 200 men (England
excepted).
[514] 10 Cartridges packed in a box.
[515] New “D” ammunition.
[516] During the Russo-Japanese war.

Changes made

Some minor obvious typographical and punctuation errors have been
corrected silently; some tables have been split or re-arranged for
better readability.

Footnotes and illustrations have been moved outside text paragraphs.

Spaced and non-spaced and italicised or regular “i.e.”
and “Ibid./ibid.” have been standardised to “_i.e._” and
“_Ibid._”/“_ibid._” “Minarelli Fitzgerald” has been standardised to
“Minarelli-Fitzgerald”.

Page 8: “sans le comprendre” and “sans le faire” changed to “sans la
comprendre” and “sans la faire”.

Various pages: “Wald und Ortsgefecht” and “Gruppen und
Einheitsangriff” have been changed to “Wald- und Ortsgefecht“ and
“Gruppen- und Einheitsangriff”.

Page 11, footnote [18]: opening quote marks inserted before When one
attempts ....

Page 93: closing quote marks inserted after ... (300-400 paces).

Page 143, footnote [139]: closing quote mark deleted at end of
footnote.

Page 162: “_... seit dem Jahre_, 1900,” changed to “_ ... seit dem
Jahre 1900_,”

Page 180: B′, C′ and D′ in the text have been changed to B, C and D
cf. the illustration. Footnote [170]: angles have been transcribed α,
β and γ for consistency with the illustration and the text.

Page 195: Negrier changed to Négrier; footnote anchor [191] inserted.

Page 229: closing quote mark inserted after ... the size of this
echelon.

Page 253: “Patrouillen und Radfahrkommandos” changed to “Patrouillen-
und Radfahr-Kommandos”.

Page 257: “and that cover to be utilized only” changed to “and that
cover be utilized only”.

Page 265, table: the column header “Machine gun” has been considered
to be a heading a single column only.

Page 304, footnote [306]: closing quote mark inserted after ... of
units in rear.

Page 324: “Csicseries v. Bacsany” changed to “Csicserics v. Bacsany”;
“Feldgeschüts” changed to “Feldgeschütz”.

Page 354: closing quote mark inserted after ... the advance of the
attacker’s infantry.

Page 355: “veritable bouclier” changed to “véritable bouclier”.

Page 395: “Helwig” changed to “Helvig”.