Chapter XCVII: Appendix: Courses for Study or Reading (4)

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Sir F. Palgrave:
Normandy and England,
818 (791).

E. A. Freeman:
William the Conqueror,
818 (791).

13. THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS (A. D. 1066) AND NORMAN CONQUEST:

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
819 (792).

E. A. Freeman:
The Norman Conquest,
820 (793).

A. Thierry:
The Conquest of England,
820 (793).

H. Hallam:
The Middle Ages.
820-821 (793-794).

C. Kingsley:
Hereward the Wake,
821 (794).

14. THE DOMESDAY BOOK
(A. D. 1086):

E. Fischel:
The English Constitution,
821 (794).

T. Taswell-Langmead:
English Constitutional History,
821-822 (794-795).

Stuart Moore:
A Study of Domesday Book,
822 (795).

I. Taylor:
Domesday Survivals,
822 (795).

15. SCOTLAND AND THE CONQUEST:

J. H. Burton:
History of Scotland,
2916-2917 (2841-2842).

Sir Walter Scott:
Tales of a Grandfather,
2917 (2842).

16. REIGNS OF THE SONS OF THE CONQUEROR
(A. D. 1087-1154):

S. Turner:
History of England,
823-824 (796-797).

C. H. Pearson:
England during the Middle Ages,
824 (797).

J. H. Round:
Geoffrey de Mandeville,
824-825 (797-798).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
3106-3107 (3024-3025).

E. W. Robertson:
Scotland’s Early Kings,
2918 (2842-2843).

17. THE ANGEVIN KINGS (PLANTAGENETS);
HENRY II. (A. D. 1154-1189):

Sir F. Palgrave:
England and Normandy,
121-122 (114-115).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
122 (115).

K. Norgate:
England under the Angevins,
127-128 (120-121).

Mrs. J. R. Green:
Henry II.,
826 (799).

K. Norgate:
England under the Angevins,
826 (799).

C. H. Pearson:
England during the Middle Ages,
1798-1799 (1758-1759).

18. HENRY’S CONFLICT WITH THE CHURCH; BECKET
(A. D. 1162-1170):

J. Campbell:
Lives of the Lord Chancellors,
826-827 (799-800).

F. W. Maitland:
Henry II. and the Criminous Clerks,
827 (800).

A. P. Stanley:
Memorials of Canterbury,
827-828 (800-801).

H. C. Lea:
Studies in Church History,
289 (280).

Pollock and Maitland:
English Law,
1975.

J. B. Thayer:
Older Modes of Trial,
2000-2001 (1956-1957).

W. Forsyth:
Trial by Jury,
2001 and 2002 (1957-1958).

"He [Henry II.] was a foreign King who never spoke the English
tongue, who lived and moved for the most part in a foreign
camp, surrounded with a motley host of Brabançons and
hirelings. … It was under the rule of a foreigner such as
this, however, that the races of conquerors and conquered in
England first learnt to feel that they were one. It was by his
power that England, Scotland, and Ireland were brought to some
vague acknowledgment of a common suzerain lord, and the
foundations laid of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland. It was he who abolished feudalism as a system of
government, and left it little more than a system of land
tenure. It was he who defined the relations established
between Church and State, and decreed that in England
churchman as well as baron was to be held under the common
law. … His reforms established the judicial system whose main
outlines have been preserved to our own day. It was through
his ‘Constitutions’ and his ‘Assizes’ that it came to pass
that over all the world the English-speaking races are
governed by English and not by Roman law. It was by his genius
for government that the servants of the royal household became
transformed into Ministers of State. It was he who gave
England a foreign policy which decided our continental
relations for seven hundred years. The impress which the
personality of Henry II. left upon his time meets us wherever
we turn."
MRS. J. R. GREEN.

19. RICHARD CŒUR DE LION
(A. D. 1189-1199):

M. Burrows:
History of England,
828 (801).

W. Stubbs: Constitutional History of England,
828 (801).

J. F. Michaud:
The Crusades,
653 (630).

E. Gibbon:
Decline and Fall,
653-654 (630-631).

G. W. Cox:
The Crusades,
654 (631).

STUDY XXIX.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

ENGLAND FROM MAGNA CARTA TO ACCESSION OF THE TUDORS
(A. D. 1215-1485).

1. KING JOHN AND MAGNA CARTA
(A. D. 1215):

H. Hallam:
The Middle Ages,
1193-1194 (1162).

W. Stubbs:
Constitutional History of England,
828 (801).

M. A. Hookham:
Margaret of Anjou,
122-123 (116).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
828-829 (801-802).

2. THE BATTLE OF BOUVINES
(A. D. 1214):

G. W. Kitchin:
History of France,
315 (305).

F. P. Guizot:
History of France,
315 (305).

3. MAGNA CARTA
(A. D. 1215, JUNE 15):

S. Turner:
England during the Middle Ages,
824 (797).

J. R. Green:
The English People,
829 (802).

W. Stubbs:
Constitutional History of England,
829-830 (802-803).

R. Gneist:
The English Constitution,
834, first column, (807).

T. P. Taswell-Langmead:
English Constitution,
888

Full Text of the Great Charter,
830-834 (803-807).

"The Great Charter although drawn up in the form of a royal
grant, was really a treaty between the King and his subjects.
… It is the collective people who really form the other high
contracting party in the great capitulation. … The Great
Charter is the first great public act of the nation, after it
has realized its identity. … The whole of the constitutional
history of England is little more than a commentary on Magna
Carta."
W. STUBBS.

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4. THE EVOLUTION OP THE ENGLISH PARLIAMENT
(A. D. 1216-):

E. A. Freeman:
Growth of the English Constitution,
2552-2553 (2486-2487).

(a) Under Henry III. (A. D. 1216-1272).

R. Gneist:
The English Constitution,
834 (807).

Simon de Montfort,
834-836 (807-809).

W. Stubbs:
Constitutional History of England,
836 (809).

(b) Under Edward I. (A. D. 1272-1307).

S. R. Gardiner:
English History,
836 (809).

W. Stubbs:
The Early Plantagenets,
836-837 (809-810).

T. F. Tout:
Edward the First,
837 (810).

É. Boutmy:
The English Constitution,
837-838 (810-811)

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1061-1062 (1033-1034).

5. GROWTH OF THE COMMON LAW UNDER HENRY III. AND EDWARD I.:

T. P. Taswell-Langmead:
English Constitution,
838 (811).

See Law, Common,
2005-2007 (1960-1963).

6. CONQUEST OF SCOTLAND AND WALES BY EDWARD I.:

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
2919-2920 (2844-2845).

W. Stubbs:
The Early Plantagenets,
3764-3765 (3643-3644).

7. RESISTANCE TO PAPAL AGGRESSIONS
(A. D. 1200-1400):

C. H. Pearson:
England during Middle Ages,
838 (811).

T. P. Taswell-Langmead:
English Constitution,
838 (811).

W. Stubbs:
Constitutional History of England,
838-839 (811-812).

8. Renewal of the Wars with Scotland; Bannockburn
(A. D. 1314):

M. MacArthur:
History of Scotland,
2920 (2845).

J. H. Burton:
History of Scotland,
2920-2921 (2845-2846).

W. Denton:
England in the 15th Century,
2921-2922 (2846-2847).

P. F. Tytler:
History of Scotland,
2922 (2847).

9. THE NOTABLE REIGN OF EDWARD III.
(A. D. 1327-1377):

(a) His Wars with the Scots.

W. Robertson:
History of Scotland,
2922 (2847).

Sir Walter Scott:
History of Scotland,
2922-2923 (2847-2848).

W. Warburton:
Edward III.,
2923-2924 (2848-2849).

Sir Walter Scott:
Tales of a Grandfather,
2924 (2849).

J. R. Green:
The English People,
291 (282).

(b) The One Hundred Years War
(A. D. 1337-1453).

J. Froissart:
Chronicles,
1200-1201 (1168-1169).

H. Hallam:
The Middle Ages,
1201 and 2868 (1169, 2794).

G. W. Kitchin;
History of France,
1201 (1169).

H. Hallam:
Middle Ages,
1201 (1169).

F. P. Guizot:
History of France,
1204 (1172).

C. H. Pearson:
English History,
839 (812).

J. E. T. Rogers:
History of Agriculture,
292-293 and 1970 (283-284 and 1929).

G. Boccaccio:
The Decameron,
1166 (1136).

J. Michelet:
History of France,
1201-1202 (1169-1170).

J. E. T. Rogers:
History of Agriculture,
840 (813).

10. CHAUCER, AND THE NEW ENGLISH LANGUAGE
(A. D. 1340-1400):

B. Ten Brink:
English Literature,
840-841 (813-814).

G. P. Marsh:
History of the English Language,
841 (814).

11. WYCLIF, AND THE TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE
(A. D. 1384):

J. A. Froude:
History of England,
842 (815).

J. Gairdner:
English History,
842 (815).

12. THE LOLLARDS, AND WAT TYLER REBELLION
(A. D. 1375-):

C. Ullmann:
Reformers before the Reformation,
285-286 (276-277).

B. Herford:
Story of Religion in England,
841-842 (814-815).

S. R. Gardiner:
English History,
842-843 (815-816).

J. Gairdner:
Houses of Lancaster and York,
843 (816).

C. H. Pearson:
English History,
843-844 (816-817).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
844 (817).

Professor de Vericour:
Wat Tyler,
844 (817).

J. N. Larned:
England under Richard II.,
1068-1069 (1040-1041).

13. THE HOUSE OF LANCASTER
(A. D. 1399-1471):

J. Gairdner:
The Houses of Lancaster and York,
844-845 (817-818).

J. H. Burton:
History of Scotland,
2925 (2850).

J. Gairdner:
Houses of Lancaster and York,
3765 (3644).

W. Stubbs:
Constitutional History of England,
845 (818).

14. HENRY V. (1413-1422) AND AGINCOURT:

A. J. Church:
Henry the Fifth,
1205-1206 (1173-1174).

C. M. Yonge:
English History,
1206-1207 (1174-1175).

F. P. Guizot:
History of France,
1207 (1175).

A. J. Church:
Henry the Fifth,
1207 (1175).

15. HENRY VI. (1422-1471) AND END OF HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR:

A. de Lamartine:
Joan of Arc,
1207-1208 and 1208-1209 (1175-1176).

Lord Mahon:
Historical Essays,
1209 (1177).

J. O’Hagan:
Joan of Arc,
1209 (1177).

E. E. Crowe:
History of France,
1210 (1178).

C. W. Oman:
Warwick, the Kingmaker,
846-847 (819-820).

16. THE WARS OF THE ROSES
(A. D. 1455-1485):

Mrs. Hookham:
Life of Margaret of Anjou,
847 (820).

J. S. Brewer:
Reign of Henry VIII.,
848 (821).

W. Denton:
England in the 15th Century,
848 (821).

É. Boutmy:
The English Constitution,
848 (821).

J. Gairdner:
Henry VII.,
1801 (1761).

17. THE HOUSE OF YORK (A. D. 1461-1485);
THE "NEW MONARCHY":

Sir J. Mackintosh:
History of England,
848-849 (821-822).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
849 (822).

C. M. Yonge:
English History.
849 (822).

J. Gairdner:
Life of Richard III.,
849-850 (822-823).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1069-1071 (1041-1043).

18. ADVANCE IN CIVILIZATION, 14TH TO 16TH CENTURIES:

(a) The Renaissance in England.

H. A. Taine:
English Literature,
851-852 (824-825).

J. A. Symonds:
Shakespere’s Predecessors,
852-823 (825-826).

A. Lang:
Oxford,
729-730 (706-707).

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(b) The State of Learning.

B. Ten Brink:
English Literature,
840-841 (813-814).

H. C. M. Lyte:
The University of Oxford,
722 (699).

A. Lang:
Oxford,
722-723 (699-700).

V. A. Huber:
English Universities,
723-724 (700-701).

J. Mullinger:
The University of Cambridge,
724 (701).

W. Everett:
On the Cam,
724 (701).

F. Seebohm:
The Oxford Reformers,
730-731 (707-708).

C. Knight:
History of England,
2009 (1965).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
2662-2663 (2590-2591).

J. H. Slater:
Book Collecting,
2663 (2591).

T. A. Romer:
Copyright Law,
2009-2010 (1965-1966).

(d) Trade and Commerce.

L. Levi:
British Commerce,
3222 (3711).

W. Cunningham:
Growth of English Industry,
3222 (3711).

J. Michelet:
History of France,
1156 (1126).

STUDY XXX.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

ENGLAND: THE TUDORS (A. D. 1485-1603).

1. THE ACCESSION OF THE TUDORS; HENRY VII. (A. D. 1485-1509):

J. Forster:
Historical Essays,
850 (823).

J. Gairdner:
Henry the Seventh,
853 (826).

J. H. Burton:
History of Scotland,
2926-2927 (2851-2852).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1089 (1061).

2. THE FIRST ENGLISH VOYAGES OF DISCOVERY
(A. D. 1497-1498):

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
58 (51).

H. Harrisse:
The Discovery of America,
61 (3678).

"The discovery of the continent of North America and the first
landing on its east coast were accomplished, not by Sebastian
Cabot, but by his father John, in 1197, under the auspices of
King Henry VII. … The voyage of 1498, also accomplished under
the British flag, was likewise carried out by John Cabot
personally … and the exploration embraced the northeast coast
of the present United States, as far as Florida."
HENRY HARRISSE.

"Under this patent John Cabot, taking with him his son
Sebastian, embarked in quest of new islands and a passage to
Asia by the northwest. On the 24th day of June [1497], almost
fourteen months before Columbus came in sight of the main, and
more than two years before Amerigo Vespucci sailed west of the
Canaries, he discovered the western Continent, probably in the
latitude of about 56°, among the dismal cliffs of Labrador. He
ran along the coast for many leagues, it is said for even 300,
and landed on what he considered to be the territory of the
Grand Cham."
GEORGE BANCROFT.

3. HENRY VIII. (1509-1547) AND CARDINAL WOLSEY:

Sir R. Comyn:
The Western Empire,
1218 (1186).

M. Creighton:
Cardinal Wolsey,
854 (827).

4. THE FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD (A. D. 1520):

J. Michelet:
Modern History,
1222 (1190).

J. S. Brewer:
Henry VIII.,
1148 (1119).

5. HENRY VIII., AND THE DIVORCE QUESTION:

G. P. Fisher:
The Christian Church,
854-855 (827-828).

Sir J. Mackintosh:
Sir Thomas More,
855-856 (828-829).

Sir J. Mackintosh:
History of England,
858-859 (831-832).

6. THE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND
(A. D. 1530-):

(a) Origin of the Term "Protestant."

P. Bayne:
Martin Luther,
2516-2517 (2455-2456).

(b) Henry’s Rupture with Rome.

G. P. Fisher:
The Christian Church,
855 (828).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1089-1090 (1061-1062).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
856 (829).

J. Tulloch:
Christian Philosophy,
856-857 (829-830).

G. G. Perry:
The Reformation in England,
857 (830).

"The Reformation in England was singular amongst the great
religious movements of the sixteenth century. It was the least
heroic of them all—the least swayed by religious passion, or
moulded and governed by spiritual and theological necessities.
From a general point of view, it looks at first little more
than a great political change. The exigencies of royal
passion, and the dubious impulses of statecraft, seem its
moving and really powerful springs. … The lust and avarice of
Henry, the policy of Cromwell, and the vacillations of the
leading clergy, attract prominent notice; but there may be
traced beneath the surface a widespread evangelical fervour
amongst the people, and, above all, a genuine spiritual
earnestness and excitement of thought at the universities.
These higher influences preside at the first birth of the
movement. They are seen in active operation long before the
reforming task was taken up by the Court and the bishops."
J. TULLOCH.

(d) The Suppression of the Monasteries.

H. Hallam:
History of England,
857-858 (830-831).

G. G. Perry:
Reformation in England,
858 (831).

F. A. Gasquet:
Henry VIII. and the Monasteries,
858 (831).

(e) The Reaction; The "Six Articles."

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
859 (832).

(f) The Establishment of Protestantism under Edward VI.
(A. D. 1547-1553).

D. Hume:
History of England,
859-860 (832-833).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
860 (833).

7. THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF HENRY VIII.:

(a) Scotland.

J. H. Burton:
History of Scotland,
2926-2927 (2851-2852).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
2927 (2852).

Sir W. Scott:
History of Scotland,
2927 (2852).

D. Hume:
History of England,
2927-2928 (2852-2853).

D. Wilson:
Memories of Edinburgh,
2928 (2853).

(b) Ireland.

M. Haverty:
History of Ireland,
2471 (2412).

J. A. Froude:
History of England,
1801-1802 (1761-1762).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
1802-1803 (1762-1763).

W. Robertson:
Reign of Charles V.,
1880-1882 (1840-1842).

F. P. Guizot:
History of France,
1225 (1193).

E. de Bonnechose:
History of France,
1225-1226 (1193-1194).

8. THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND:

W. Robertson:
History of Scotland,
2928-2929 (2853-2854).

L. von Ranke:
History of England,
2929-2930 (2854-2855).

J. Cunningham:
Church History of Scotland,
2930 (2855).

M. Creighton:
The Age of Elizabeth,
2930-2931 (2855-2856).

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9. "BLOODY" MARY, AND CATHOLIC ASCENDENCY
(A. D. 1553-1558):

Sir J. Mackintosh:
History of England,
860-861 (833-834).

T. Fuller:
Church History of Britain,
861 (834).

R. Southey:
Book of the Church,
861-862 (834-835).

Sir J. Mackintosh:
History of England,
862 (835).

J. A. Froude:
History of England,
862 (835).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
862 (835).

W. H. Jervis:
History of France,
1228 (1196).

10. THE ACCESSION OF ELIZABETH; THE ELIZABETHAN AGE
(A. D. 1558-1603):

(a) The Final Establishment of Protestantism.

D. Hume:
History of England,
862-863 (835-836).

C. Beard:
The Reformation,
863 (836).

(b) The Civil Government.

M. Burrows:
History of England,
863 (836).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
863-864 (836-837).

E. Fischel:
The English Constitution,
2993 (2915).

D. Campbell:
The Puritan in Holland, etc.,
2027 (1983).

Austin Abbott:
Capital Punishment,
2027 (1983).

W. Hazlitt:
Literature of the Age of Elizabeth,
864 (837).

J. A. Symonds:
Elizabethan and Victorian Poetry,
864-865 (837-838).

(d) The Rise of the Great Schools of England.

H. Coleridge:
Biographia Borealis,
731 (708).

F. Seebohm:
The Oxford Reformers,
730-731 (707-708).

T. Hughes:
The Public Schools of England,
733-735 (710-712).

Our Public Schools—Their Discipline,
735 (712).

(e) Trade and Commerce.

C. Gross:
The Gild Merchant,
2197 (2153).

J. N. Larned:
Commercial Progress,
3228-3229 (3718).

Lord Mahon:
History of England,
1748-1749 (1710).

11. THE ACT OF SUPREMACY, AND ACT OF UNIFORMITY:

M. Burrows:
History of England,
865 (838).

D. Neal:
History of the Puritans,
865-866 (838-839).

12. THE RISE OF PURITANISM
(About A. D. 1560):

J. A. Froude:
History of England,
866 (839).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
866-867 (840).

H. O. Wakeman:
The Church and the Puritans,
867 (840).

13. FIRST USE OF THE TERM "PROTESTANT"
(A. D. 1564):

T. Fuller:
Church History of Britain,
867 (840).

P. Heylyn:
Ecclesia Restaurata,
867 (840).

14. ELIZABETH AND THE CATHOLICS:

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
867 (840).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
867-868 (840-841).

J. L. Motley:
The United Netherlands,
868 (841).

15. MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS:

D. Wilson:
Memorials of Edinburgh,
2928 (2853).

M. Mac Arthur:
History of Scotland,
2931-2932 (2856-2857).

E. S. Beesly:
Queen Elizabeth,
2932 (2857).

J. Skelton:
Historical Essays,
2932-2933 (2857-2858).

T. F. Henderson:
The Casket Letters,
2933 (2858).

S. H. Burke:
Historical Portraits,
2933-2934 (2858-2859).

A. C. Swinburne:
Mary Queen of Scots,
2934 (2859).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1095-1096 (1067-1068).

16. MARY AND THE CATHOLIC CONSPIRACIES; HER EXECUTION
(A. D. 1587):

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
868-869 (841-842).

J. A. Froude:
History of England,
869 (842).

17. THE EFFECT OF MARY’S EXECUTION; THE SPANISH ARMADA
(A. D. 1588):

R. Southey:
Lives of British Admirals,
869 (842).

S. A. Dunham:
Spain and Portugal,
869 (842).

J. L. Motley:
The United Netherlands,
869-870 (842-843).

H. R. Clinton:
From Crécy to Assye,
870-871 (843-844).

W. Camden:
History of Queen Elizabeth,
871-872 (844-845).

"The flame of patriotism never burnt purer; all Englishmen
alike, Romanists, Protestant Episcopalians, and Puritans, were
banded together to resist the invader. Every hamlet was on the
alert for the beacon-signal. … Philip’s preparations had been
commensurate with the grandeur of his scheme. … A vast
armament, named, as if to provoke Nemesis, the ‘Invincible
Armada,’ on which for three years the treasures of the
American mines had been lavished, at length rode the seas,
blessed with Papal benediction and under the patronage of the
Saints. … The 129 vessels were armed with 2430 brass and iron
guns of the best manufacture, and carried 5000 seamen. Parma’s
army amounted to 30,000 men—Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians,
and Walloons; and 19,000 Castilians and Portuguese, with 1000
gentlemen volunteers, were coming to meet him. … The overthrow
of this armament was effected by the navy and the elements. …
More than two-thirds of the expedition perished; and of the
remnant that again viewed the hills of Spain all but a few
hundred returned only to die."
H. R. CLINTON.

18. PROGRESS OF THE REFORMATION IN SCOTLAND:

M. C. Taylor:
John Knox,
2934 (2859).

T. Carlyle:
Heroes and Hero Worship,
2934-2935 (2859-2860).

J. Tulloch:
John Knox,
2935 (2860).

W. Robertson:
History of Scotland,
2935 (2860).

J. Cunningham:
Church History of Scotland,
2935-2936 (2860-2861).

T. M’Crie:
Scottish Church History,
2936 (2861).

J. Cunningham:
Church History of Scotland,
2936-2937 (2861-2862).

Sir W. Scott:
History of Scotland,
2937 (2862).

19. THE ACCESSION OF THE STUARTS; JAMES I.
(A. D. 1603):

J. Forster:
Historical Essays,
872 (845).

"His [James’] mother was Marie Stuart, or Mary, Queen of
Scots, born of her marriage with Lord Darnley. He came to the
English throne at a time when the autocratic spirit of the
Tudors, making use of the peculiar circumstances of their
time, had raised the royal power and prerogative to their most
exalted pitch; and he united the two Kingdoms of Scotland and
England under one sovereignty. The noble inheritance fell to a
race who, comprehending not one of the conditions by which
alone it was possible to be retained, profligately misused
until they lost it utterly. … What is called the Great
Rebellion can have no comment so pregnant as that which is
suggested by the character and previous career of the first of
the Stuart Kings."
J. FORSTER.

{771}

STUDY XXXI.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

ENGLAND: JAMES I. AND CHARLES I.; THE GREAT REBELLION
(A. D. 1603-1649).

I. THE ACCESSION OF THE STUARTS
(A. D. 1603):
*
J. H. Burton:
History of Scotland,
2925 (2850).

M. Noble:
Genealogy of the House of Stuart,
2925 (2850).

J. Forster:
Historical Essays,
872 (845).

T. P. Taswell-Langmead:
English Constitutional History,
3107 (3025).

A. V. Dicey:
The Privy Council,
3107-3108 (3025-3026).

2. THE REIGN OF JAMES I.
(A. D. 1603-1625):

T. McCrie:
Scottish Church History,
872-873 (845-846).

D. Hume:
History of England,
873 (846).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
874 (847).

J. Cunningham:
Church History of Scotland,
2937 (2862).

3. THE SETTLEMENTS IN AMERICA:

(a) In Virginia (A. D. 1606-).

John Fiske:
Beginnings of New England,
3748 (3627).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
3748-3749 (3627-3628).

H. C. Lodge:
English Colonies in America,
3749 (3628).

(b) The Independents or Separatists.

J. A. Goodwin:
The Pilgrim Republic,
2690-2691 (2617-2618).

G. Punchard:
History of Congregationalism,
2691 (2618).

J. Hunter:
The Founders of New Plymouth,
1737 (1698).

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
1737 (1698).

J. Fiske:
The Beginnings of New England,
1738 (1699).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
1738-1739 (1699-1700).

F. B. Dexter:
The Pilgrim Church,
2141-2142 (2097-2098).

(d) The Massachusetts Bay Company
(A. D. 1630).

J. B. Moore:
Governors of Massachusetts Bay,
2145-2146 (2101-2102).

S. A. Drake:
Around the Hub,
2146-2147 (2102-2103).

R. C. Winthrop:
Boston Founded,
2147 (2103).

4. CHARLES I. (A. D. 1625-1649);
THE GREAT REBELLION:

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
874 (847).

C. D. Yonge:
History of France,
1252-1253 (1220-1221).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
1805 (1765).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1103-1104 (1075-1076).

"He [Charles I.] seems to have learned from the theologians
whom he most esteemed that between him and his subjects there
could be nothing of the nature of mutual contract; that he
could not, even if he would, divest himself of his despotic
authority; and that, in every promise which he made, there was
an implied reservation that such promise might be broken in
case of necessity, and that of the necessity he was the sole
judge."
T. B. MACAULAY.

5. THE PETITION OF RIGHT
(A. D. 1628):

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
874 and 875 (847, 848).

Full Text of the Petition of Right,
875-876 (848-849).

"Our English Constitution was never made, in the sense in
which the Constitutions of many other countries have been
made. There never was any moment when Englishmen drew out
their political system in the shape of a formal document,
whether as the carrying out of any abstract political theories
or as the imitation of the past or present system of any other
nation. There are indeed certain great political documents,
each of which forms a land mark in our political history.
There is the Great Charter [1215], the Petition of Right
[1628], and the Bill of Rights [1689]. But not one of these
gave itself out as the enactment of anything new. All claimed
to set forth, with new strength, it might be, and with new
clearness, those rights of Englishmen which were already old.
… The life and soul of English law has ever been precedent; we
have always held that whatever our fathers once did their sons
have a right to do again."
E. A. FREEMAN.

"Lord Chatham called these three [Magna Carta, the Petition of
Right, and the Bill of Rights] ‘The Bible of the English
Constitution,’ to which appeal is to be made on every grave
political question."
SIR E. S. CREASY.

6. THE BURNING QUESTION OF TAXATION:

T. Carlyle:
Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,
877 (850).

T. B. Macaulay:
Essays.—Hampden,
878-879 (851-852).

7. BUCKINGHAM AND LAUD:

C. M. Yonge:
English History,
876-877 (849-850).

F. P. Guizot:
The English Revolution,
877-878 (850-851).

8. PRESBYTERIANS AND INDEPENDENTS:

J. Rushworth:
Historical Collections,
879 (852).

W. Godwin:
History of the Commonwealth,
879 (852).

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
1737 (1698).

9. THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL COVENANT
(A. D. 1638):

T. Fuller:
Church History of Britain,
2937-2938 (2862-2863).

J. H. Burton:
History of Scotland,
2938 (2863).

J. Taylor:
The Scottish Covenanters,
2938 (2863).

A. P. Stanley:
The Church of Scotland,
2938-2939 (2863-2864).

Full text of the National Covenant,
2939-2942 (2864-2867).

10. THE BISHOPS’ WARS:

M. MacArthur:
History of Scotland,
2942-2943 (2867-2868).

T. Carlyle:
Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,
879-880 (852-853).

11. WENTWORTH’S SYSTEM OF "THOROUGH":

R. Hassencamp:
History of Ireland,
1805-1806 (1765-1766).

R. Browning:
Thomas Wentworth,
1806 (1766).

12. THE LONG PARLIAMENT (1640-1641);
EXECUTION OF STRAFFORD:

T. B. Macaulay:
Essays.—Hampden,
880 (853).

G. B. Smith:
History of the English Parliament,
2553 (2487).

J. R. Green:
The English People,
880-881 (853-854).

H. D. Traill:
Lord Strafford,
881 (854).

R. Browning:
Thomas Wentworth,
881-882 (855).

Text of the Articles of Impeachment of Strafford,
882 (855).

13. RISE OF PERMANENT PARTIES; CAVALIERS AND ROUNDHEADS:

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
882-883 (855-856).

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
2828 (2754).

14. THE GRAND REMONSTRANCE
(A. D. 1641):

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
883 (856).

J. Forster:
Historical Essays,
883 (856).

Full Text of the Grand Remonstrance,
883-893 (856-866).

15. THE BEGINNING OF CIVIL WAR
(A. D. 1642):

D. Hume:
History of England,
893-894 (866-867).

T. Carlyle:
Letters and Speeches of Cromwell,
894 (867).

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
894-895 (867-868).

F. Harrison:
Oliver Cromwell,
895 (868).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1104-1105 (1076-1077).

{772}

16. EARLY ENGAGEMENTS AND CROMWELL’S IRONSIDES;

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
895-896 (868-869).

T. Carlyle:
Letters and Speeches of Cromwell,
896 (869).

F. Harrison:
Oliver Cromwell,
896 (869).

"These were the men who ultimately decided the war, and
established the Commonwealth. On the field of Marston, Rupert
gave Cromwell the name of Ironside, and from thence this
famous name passed to his troopers. There are two features in
their history which we need to note. They were indeed ‘such
men as had some conscience in their work’; but they were also
much more. They were disciplined and trained soldiers. They
were the only body of ‘regulars ’ on either side. The
instinctive genius of Cromwell from the very first created the
strong nucleus of a regular army, which at last in discipline,
in skill, in valor, reached the highest perfection ever
attained by soldiers either in ancient or modern times."
FREDERIC HARRISON.

17. THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY, AND SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT
(A. D. 1643):

D. Masson:
Life of Milton,
896-897 (869-870).

J. Forster:
Statesmen of the Commonwealth,
897-898 (870-871).

Text of the Solemn League and Covenant,
898-899 (871-872).

18. THE CATHOLIC RISING AND MASSACRES IN IRELAND
(A. D. 1641):

L. von Ranke:
History of England,
1806-1807 (1766-1767).

W. A. O’Connor:
The Irish People,
1807 (1767).

M. Hickson:
Ireland in 17th Century,
1807 (1767).

N. L. Walford:
Parliamentary Generals,
896 (869).

J. R. Green:
English People,
896 (869).

19. PROGRESS OF THE WAR; MARSTON MOOR
(A. D. 1644):

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
899 (872).

Earl of Clarendon:
History of the Rebellion,
899-900 (872-873).

N. L. Walford:
Parliamentary Generals,
900 (873).

C. R. Markham:
Life of Lord Fairfax,
900 (873).

C. Knight:
The History of England,
900 (873).

20. FROM MARSTON MOOR TO NASEBY:

F. Harrison:
Oliver Cromwell,
901 (874).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
901 (874).

N. L. Walford:
Parliamentary Generals,
901 (874).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
902 (875).

T. Carlyle:
Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,
902 (875)

21. CLOSING EVENTS OF THE WAR
(A. D. 1645-1648):

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
902 (875).

C. R. Markham:
Life of Lord Fairfax,
903 (876).

W. Chambers:
Stories of Old Families,
2943 (2868).

B. M. Cordery:
King and Commonwealth,
903 (876).

J. A. Picton:
Oliver Cromwell,
903-904 (876-877).

J. K. Hosmer:
Life of Sir Henry Vane,
904-905 (877-878).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
905 (878).

22. THE SECOND CIVIL WAR, AND BATTLE OF PRESTON
(A. D. 1648):

F. Harrison:
Oliver Cromwell,
906 (879).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
906 (879).

F. P. Guizot:
The English Revolution,
906 (879).

23. PRIDE’S PURGE, AND THE RUMP PARLIAMENT:

W. Godwin:
History of the Commonwealth,
906-907 (879-880).

J. K. Hosmer:
Life of Sir Henry Vane,
907 (880).

D. Neal:
History of the Puritans,
907 (880).

24. TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF CHARLES I.
(A. D. 1649):

C. Knight:
History of England,
907-908 (880-881).

F. Harrison:
Oliver Cromwell,
908 (881).

W. Godwin:
History of the Commonwealth,
908-909 (881-882).

S. R. Gardiner:
History of the Great Civil War,
909 (882).

Text of the Act arraigning the King,
909-910 (882-883).

"As the head of the King rolled on the scaffold the old Feudal
Monarchy expired forever. In January, 1649, a great mark was
set in the course of the national life—the Old Rule behind it,
the New Rule before it. Parliamentary government, the consent
of the Nation, equality of rights, and equity in the law—all
date from this great New Departure. The Stuarts indeed
returned for one generation, but with the sting of the old
monarchy gone, and only to disappear almost without a blow.
The Church of England returned; but not the Church of Laud or
of Charles. The peers returned, but as a meek House of Lords
with their castles razed, their feudal rights and their
political power extinct. It is said that the regicides killed
Charles I. only to make Charles II. King. It is not so. They
killed the old Monarchy; and the restored monarch was by no
means its heir, but a royal Stadtholder or Hereditary
President."
FREDERIC HARRISON.

25. THE EIKON BASILIKE (FEBRUARY, 1649):

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
910 (883).

T. Carlyle:
Life, by Froude,
910-911 (883-884).

STUDY XXXII.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

ENGLAND: FROM THE COMMONWEALTH TO CLOSE OF STUART DYNASTY (A. D. 1649-1714).

1. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH
(A. D. 1649):

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
910 (883).

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
2043 (1999).

J. A. Picton:
Oliver Cromwell,
2043 (1999).

2. CROMWELL IN IRELAND
(A. D. 1649-1650):

N. L. Walford:
Parliamentary Generals,
1807-1808 (1767-1768).

B. M. Cordery:
King and Commonwealth,
1808 (1768).

T. Carlyle:
Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,
1808-1809 (1768-1769).

J. P. Prendergast:
The Cromwellian Settlement,
1809-1810 (1769-1770).

3. THE SCOTTISH REVOLT; DUNBAR AND WORCESTER
(A. D. 1650-1651):

J. H. M. d’Aubigné:
The Protector,
2943-2944 (2868-2869).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
2944 (2869).

C. Knight:
History of England,
2945 (2870).

D. Hume:
History of England,
2945 (2870).

F. P. Guizot:
Oliver Cromwell,
2945-2946 (2870-2871).

4. PASSAGE OF THE NAVIGATION ACTS
(A. D. 1651):

D. Campbell:
The Puritan in Holland, etc.,
2332-2333 (2284-2285).

G. L. Craik:
British Commerce,
2293 (2245).

E. G. Scott:
Constitutional Liberty in English Colonies,
3286-3287 (3170-3171).

{773}

5. WAR WITH THE DUTCH REPUBLIC
(A.D. 1652-1624):

D. Hume:
History of England,
911-912 (884-885).

J. F. Blight:
History of England,
912 (885).

6. CROMWELL AND THE PARLIAMENTS
(A. D. 1651-1653):

J. R. Green:
Short History of England,
911 (884).

F. Harrison:
Oliver Cromwell,
912-913 (885-886).

T. Carlyle:
Cromwell’s Letters and Speeches,
913 (886).

F. P. Guizot:
Oliver Cromwell,
913 (886).

7. THE PROTECTORATE
(A. D. 1653-1660):

Full Text of the Instrument of Government,
914-918 (887-891).

D. Masson:
Life of John Milton,
913-914 (886-887).

F. Harrison:
Oliver Cromwell,
918 (891).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
918 (891).

B. M. Cordery:
King and Commonwealth,
919 (892).

"His [Cromwell’s] wish seems to have been to govern
constitutionally, and to substitute the empire of the laws for
that of the sword. But he soon found that, hated as he was,
both by Royalists and Presbyterians, he could be safe only by
being absolute. … Those soldiers who would not suffer him to
assume the kingly title, stood by him when he ventured on acts
of power as high as any English King has ever attempted. The
government, therefore, though in form a republic, was in truth
a despotism, moderated only by the wisdom, the sobriety, and
the magnanimity of the despot."
T. B. MACAULAY.

8. THE RESTORATION; CHARLES II.
(A. D. 1660-1685):

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
919-920 (892-893).

F. P. Guizot:
The Restoration,
920 (893).

C. Dickens:
History of England,
920-921 (893-894).

H. Martin:
History of France,
921 (894).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1105-1106 (1077-1078).

J. Lingard:
History of England,
1810 (1770).

9. THE STATE OF THE CHURCH FOLLOWING THE RESTORATION:

O. Airy:
The English Restoration,
921 (894).

J. Stoughton:
History of Religion,
921 (894).

J. Lingard:
History of England,
921-922 (894-895).

E. Calamy:
The Nonconformist’s Memorial,
922 (895).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
2946(2871).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
2946 (2871).

10. THE WARS WITH HOLLAND
(A.D. 1665-1678):

O. Airy:
The English Restoration,
2333 (2285).

G. P. R. James.
Life of Louis XIV.,
2333-2334 (2285-2286).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
2334 (2286).

J. Lingard:
History of England,
2335 (2287).

C. M. Yonge:
Landmarks of History,
2335-2336 (2287-2288).

O. Airy:
The English Restoration,
2336 (2288).

J. R. Brodhead:
History of New York,
2336-2337 (2288-2289).

H. Martin:
History of France,
2414 (2362).

J. A. Stevens:
The English in New York,
2383 (2330-2331).

J. R. Brodhead:
History of New York,
2384-2385 (2332-2333).

11. CATHOLICISM AND THE TEST ACT
(A. D. 1673):

J. Lingard:
History of England,
922-923 (895-896).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
923-924 (896-897).

J. Stoughton:
History of Religion,
924 (897).

12. TITUS OATES, AND THE ALLEGED POPISH PLOT
(A. D. 1678-1679):

A. B. Buckley:
History of England,
924 (897).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
924 (897).

A. Carrel:
The Counter-Reformation,
925 (898).

C. Butler:
Memoirs of English Catholics,
925 (898).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
930 (903).

13. THE HABEAS CORPUS ACT
(A. D. 1679):

D. Hume:
History of England,
925 (898).

E. Fischel:
The English Constitution,
925-926 (898-899).

W. Blackstone:
Commentaries,
2014 (1970).

Full Text of the Act,
926-929 (899-902).

14. WHIGS AND TORIES
(ABOUT A. D. 1680):

D. Hume:
History of England.
930 (903).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
2698 (2625).

G. Burnet:
History of My Own Time,
3772 (3651).

15. JAMES II. (A. D. 1685-1689);
THE REVOLUTION:

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
930 (903).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
931 (904).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
931 (904).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
931-932 (904-905).

Sir J. Mackintosh:
History of the Revolution,
932 (905).

16. THE REVOLUTION:

W. H. Torriano:
William the Third,
933 (906).

Sir J. Mackintosh:
History of the Revolution,
933-934 (906-907).

R. Vaughan:
England under the Stuarts,
934-935 (907-908).

17. WILLIAM AND MARY
(A. D. 1689-1702):

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
934 (907).

Sir J. Mackintosh:
History of the Revolution,
934 (907).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1106-1107 (1078-1079).

H. D. Traill:
William the Third,
934 (907).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
935-936 (908-909).

Full Text of the Bill of Rights,
987-989 (910-912).

18. THE WAR IN IRELAND;
THE BATTLE OF THE BOYNE AND PEACE OF LIMERICK:

E. Hale:
The Fall of the Stuarts,
1810-1811 (1770-1771).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
1811 (1771).

W. H. Torriano:
William the Third,
1811-1812 (1771-1772).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
1812-1813 (1772-1773).

W. K. Sullivan:
Two Centuries of Irish History,
1813-1814 (1773-1774).

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
1814 (1774).

19. THE CHURCH AND THE REVOLUTION:

J. Rowley:
The Settlement of the Constitution,
936 (909).

E. Hale:
The Fall of the Stuarts,
2948-2949 (2873-2874).

J. Cunningham:
Church History of Scotland,
2949 (2874).

20. WAR WITH FRANCE;
BEACHY HEAD, AND LA HOGUE
(A. D. 1690-1692):

W. H. Torriano:
William the Third,
939 (912).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
939 (912).

H. Martin:
History of France,
939-940 (912-13).

G. P. R. James:
Life of Louis XIV.,
1275 (1243).

J. W. Gerard:
The Peace of Utrecht,
1275-1276 (1243-1244).

{774}

21. FOUNDING OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND
(A. D. 1694):

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
2253-2254 (2209-2210).

W. Bagehot:
Lombard Street,
2254-2255 (2210-2211).

"It was indeed not easy to guess that a bill, which purported
only to impose a new duty on tonnage for the benefit of such
persons as should advance money towards carrying on the war
was really a bill creating the greatest commercial institution
that the world had ever seen."
T. B. MACAULAY.

22. THE ACT OF SETTLEMENT
(A. D. 1701):

J. Rowley:
Settlement of the Constitution,
940-941 (913-914).

H. Hallam:
Constitutional History of England,
941 (914).

"According to the tenor and intention of the Act of Settlement
all prior claims of inheritance, save that of the issue of
King William and the Princess Anne, being set aside and
annulled, the Princess Sophia became the source of a new royal
line. The throne of England and Ireland, by virtue of the
paramount will of Parliament, stands entailed upon the heirs
of her body, being protestants. In them the right is as truly
hereditary as it ever was in the Plantagenets or the Tudors.
But they derive it not from those ancient families. The blood
indeed of Cerdic and of the Conqueror flows in the veins of
his present majesty [George IV.]. Our Edwards and Henries
illustrate the almost unrivalled splendor and antiquity of the
house of Brunswick. But they have transmitted no more right to
the allegiance of England than Boniface of Este or Henry the
Lion. That rests wholly on the Act of Settlement, and resolves
itself into the sovereignty of the legislature."
H. HALLAM.

23. THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE
(A. D. 1702-1714):

H. D. Traill:
William the Third,
941 (914).

L. Stephen:
English Thought in 18th Century,
941-942 (914-915).

E. Gosse:
Eighteenth Century Literature,
942 (915).

24. THE WARS OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
(1702-1714):

Earl Stanhope:
Reign of Queen Anne,
3074 (2993).

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
3074-3075 (2993-2994).

J. W. Gerard:
The Peace of Utrecht,
1526 (1492).

G. B. Malleson:
Prince Eugene of Savoy,
1526 (1492).

A. Alison:
Life of Marlborough,
1526-1527 (1492-1493).

G. Saintsbury:
Marlborough,
2341 (2293).

G. B. Malleson:
Eugene of Savoy,
2341-2342 (2293-2294).

L. Creighton:
Life of Marlborough,
2342 (2294).

G. Saintsbury:
Marlborough,
2342-2343 (2294-2295).

R. Johnson:
History of the French War,
2362 (2314).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
379-380 (369-370).

W. Russell:
History of Modern Europe,
3712-3713 (3592-3593).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1110-1111 (1082-1083).

25. THE UNION OF ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND
(A. D. 1707):

Earl Stanhope:
History of England,
2952-2953 (2877-2878).

Sir W. Scott:
Tales of a Grandfather,
2953 (2878).

J. Rowley:
Settlement of the Constitution,
2953-2954 (2878-2879).

26. FALL OF THE WHIGS AND MARLBOROUGH
(A. D. 1710-1712):

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
943-944 (916-917).

R. B. Brett:
Footprints of Statesmen,
944 (917).

W. E. H. Lecky:
England in the 18th Century,
944-945 (917-918).

27. END OF THE STUART LINE
(A. D. 1714):

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
945 (918).

E. E. Morris:
The Early Hanoverians,
945-946 (918-919).

28. BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH COMMERCIAL SUPREMACY:

D. Campbell:
The Puritan in Holland, etc.,
2332-2333 (2284-2285).

R. L. Poole:
The Huguenots,
1270 (1238).

Earl Stanhope:
History of England,
1748-1749 (1709-1710).

J. E. T. Rogers:
Economic Interpretation of History,
3228-3230 (3717-3719).

E. Eggleston:
Commerce in the Colonies,
3230 (3719).

Lord Campbell:
Lives of the Chief Justices,
2017 (1973).

STUDY XXXIII.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

ENGLAND: FROM GEORGE I. TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

1. ACCESSION OF GEORGE I.
(A. D. 1714):

L. Mariotti:
Italy,
1014-1015 (986-987).

H. Hallam:
The Middle Ages,
1652 (1614).

P. M. Thornton:
The Brunswick Accession,
1652-1653 (1614-1615).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
945 (918).

E. E. Morris:
The Early Hanoverians,
946 (919).

2. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT:

J. Morley:
Walpole,
946-947 (919-920).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
947 (920).

3. THE EVOLUTION OF THE CABINET:

A. C. Ewald:
The Crown and Its Advisers,
2681 (2609).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
354 (344).

John Morley:
Walpole,
354 (344).

A. Y. Dicey:
The Privy Council,
354-355 (344-345).

"George I. cared very little for his new Kingdom, and knew
very little about its people or its institutions. … His
expeditions to Hanover threw the management of all domestic
affairs almost without control into the hands of his English
ministers. If the two first Hanoverian Kings had been
Englishmen instead of Germans, if they had been men of talent
and ambition, or even men of strong and commanding will
without much talent, Walpole would never have been able to lay
the foundations of government by the House of Commons and by
Cabinet so firmly that even the obdurate will of George III.
was unable to overthrow it. Happily for the system now
established, circumstances compelled the first two sovereigns
of the Hanoverian line to strike a bargain with the English
Whigs, and it was faithfully kept until the accession of the
third George. The King was to manage the affairs of Hanover,
and the Whigs were to govern England. It was an excellent
bargain for England."
JOHN MORLEY.

4. THE SOUTH SEA BUBBLE, AND THE MISSISSIPPI SCHEME:

Lord Mahon:
History of England,
3051-3052 (2971-2972).

J. W. Monette:
The Valley of the Mississippi,
2089 (2045).

S. A. Drake:
Making of the Great West,
2089-2090 (2045-2046).

Viscount Bury:
Exodus of the Western Nations,
1279-1280 (1247-1248).

L. Stephen:
Swift,
1816 (1776).

{775}

5. TROUBLES WITH SPAIN
(A. D. 1726-1731):

C. W. Koch:
Revolutions of Europe,
3079 (2998).

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
3079-3080 (2998-2999).

6. ACCESSION OF GEORGE II. (1727);
WALPOLE’S ADMINISTRATION:

J. E. T. Rogers:
Historical Gleanings,
947-948 (920-921).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
948 (921).

7. THE WAR OP JENKINS’ EAR
(A. D. 1739-1741):

E. E. Morris:
Early Hanoverians,
949 (922).

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
949 (922).

8. THE RISE OF PITT,—LORD CHATHAM:

Sir E. Creasy:
Eminent Etonians,
950 (923).

R. B. Brett:
Footprints of Statesman,
950 (923).

9. WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
(A. D. 1740-1748):

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
225 (218).

J. Graham:
History of the United States,
2362-2363 (2314-2315).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
2363-2364 (2315-2316).

J. G. Palfrey:
History of New England,
2364 (2316).

T. C. Haliburton:
English in America,
2364-2365 (2316-2317).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of Europe,
951 (924).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of Europe,
28-29 (21-22).

H. Tuttle:
History of Prussia,
29 (22).

10. THE LAST RISING OF THE JACOBITES
(A. D. 1745-1746):

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
2954 (2879).

11. ADOPTION OF THE GREGORIAN CALENDAR
(A. D. 1751):

W. Hales:
Analysis of Chronology,
357 (347).

Sir H. Nicholas:
Chronology of History,
357 (347).

12. THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
(A. D. 1754-1763):

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
951-952 (924-925).

A. R. Ropes:
Causes of the Seven Years’ War,
952 (925).

B. A. Hinsdale:
The Old Northwest,
2445-2446 (2393-2394).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
3755 (3634).

T. J. Chapman:
The French in the Allegheny Valley,
2446-2447 (2394-2395).

C. B. Brackenbury:
Frederick the Great,
1529 (1495).

T. Carlyle:
Friedrich II. of Prussia,
1529 (1495).

Lord Mahon:
History of England,
1529-1530 (1495-1496).

Justin McCarthy:
The Four Georges,
952 (925).

T. B. Macaulay:
William Pitt,
952-953 (925-926).

F. W. Longman:
The Seven Years’ War,
954 (927).

C. B. Brackenbury:
Frederick the Great,
1535-1536 (1501-1502).

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
2975 (2898).

T. Carlyle:
Friedrich II. of Prussia,
2975-2976 (2898-2899).

Frederick II.:
The Seven Years’ War,
2976 (2899).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1114-1115 (1086-1087).

13. ACCESSION OF GEORGE III.
(A. D. 1760):

J. Fiske:
The American Revolution,
954-955 (927-928).

Sir T. E. May:
Constitutional History of England,
955-956 (928-929).

14. THE GREAT STRUGGLE OF THE PEOPLE WITH ABSOLUTISM:

(a) The Fight for the Freedom of the Press.

C. H. Timperley:
Encyclopedia of Typography,
2667-2668 (2595-2596).

J. Grant:
The Newspaper Press,
2668 (2596).

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
2669 (2597).

C. H. Timperley:
Encyclopaedia of Typography,
2671-2672 (2599-2600).

(1) The Case of John Wilkes.

W. Massey:
History of England,
956-957 (930).

W. F. Rae:
John Wilkes,
958-959 (931-932).

(2) The Junius Letters.

Lord Mahon:
History of England,
959-960 (933).

Cushing:
Initials and Pseudonyms,
960 (933).

J. W. Ross Brown:
Criminal Law of Libel,
2028-2029 (1984-1985).

"It may be doubted whether Junius had any confidant or trusted
friend. When dedicating his collected letters to the English
people, he declares: ‘I am the sole depository of my own
secret, and it shall perish with me.’"
LORD MAHON.

(3) The Surrender of Parliament.

W. Massey:
History of England,
961-962 (934-935).

T. P. Taswell-Langmead:
English Constitutional History,
962 (935).

(b) Remarkable Increase of Capital Offenses.

Sir T. E. May:
Constitutional History of England,
2028 (1984).

J. F. Dillon:
Jurisprudence of England,
2029 (1985).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
3295 (3178-3179).

B. A. Hinsdale:
The American Government,
3295 (3179).

J. Fiske:
War of Independence,
3297-3298 (3182).

J. Morley:
Edmund Burke,
3298 (3182).

(d) The Stamp Act.

J. G. Palfrey:
History of New England,
3299 (3183).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
3303 (3186-3187).

W. Wirt:
Life of Patrick Henry,
3303-3305 (3189).

J. Fiske:
The American Revolution,
3305-3306 (3189-3190).

(e) Declaration of Rights of Stamp Act Congress.

R. Frothingham:
Rise of the Republic,
3306-3307 (3190-3191).

Full Text of the Stamp Act,
3299-3302 (3183-3186).

15. THE MINISTRY OP LORD NORTH; THE AMERICAN WAR:

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
960-961 (933-934).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
962-963 (935-936).

J. Morley:
Edmund Burke,
963 (936).

E. A. Freeman:
The English People,
963 (936).

16. EARLY WAR MEASURES:

H. S. Randall:
Life of Jefferson,
3346-3347 (3230-3231).

Lord Mahon:
History of England,
3347 (3231).

E. J. Lowell:
Hessians in the Revolution,
3347-3348 (3231-3232).

For Details of the American War,
see Study XXXVIII.

17. CATHOLIC RELIEF AND THE GORDON RIOTS
(A. D. 1778-1780):

J. G. Bourinot:
Constitutional History of Canada,
388-389 (378-379).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
963-964 (936-937).

Sketches of Popular Tumults,
964-965 (937-938).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
1818-1819 (1778-1779).

{776}

18. LEGISLATIVE INDEPENDENCE FOR IRELAND
(A. D. 1782):

J. H. McCarthy:
Ireland since the Union,
1817 (1777).

W. F. Collier:
History of Ireland,
1817-1818 (1777-1778).

J. E. T. Rogers:
Ireland,
1818 (1778).

19. THE FALL OF LORD NORTH’S MINISTRY:

J. Fiske:
American Revolution,
965 (938).

W. Massey:
History of England,
965-966 (938-939).

H. O. Wakeman:
Life of Fox,
966-967 (939-940).

20. CLOSE OF AMERICAN WAR; THE TREATY OF PARIS
(A. D. 1783):

The Diplomacy of the United States,
3398-3399 (3282-3283).

E. Fitzmaurice:
The Earl of Shelburne,
3399-3400 (3283-3284).

John Fiske:
Critical Period,
3400-3401 (3284-3285).

J. Q. Adams:
Life of John Adams,
3401-3402 (3285-3286).

F. Wharton:
Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence,
3402 (3286).

J. Bigelow:
Life of Franklin,
3402-3403 (3286-3287).

Text of the Treaty of Peace,
3403-3404 (3287-3288).

21. BRITISH RULE IN INDIA:

(a) Establishment of the Empire.

J. M. Ludlow:
British India,
1752 (1713).

H. Martineau:
British Rule in India,
1752-1753 (1713-1714).

J. Mill:
British India,
1753-1754 (1714-1715).

J. R. Seeley:
Expansion of England,
1754 (1715).

"The words ‘wonderful,’ ‘strange,’ are often applied to great
historical events, and there is no event to which they have
been applied more freely than to our [the English] conquest of
India. But the event was not wonderful in a sense that it is
difficult to discover adequate causes by which it could have
been produced. If we begin by remarking that authority in
India had fallen on the ground through the decay of the Mogul
Empire, that it lay there waiting to be picked up by somebody,
and that all over India in that period adventurers of one kind
or another were founding Empires, it is really not surprising
that a mercantile corporation which had money to pay a
mercenary force should be able to compete with other
adventurers, nor yet that it should outstrip all its
competitors by bringing into the field English military
science and generalship, especially when it was backed over
and over again by the whole power and credit of England and
directed by English statesmen. … England did not, in a strict
sense, conquer India; but certain Englishmen, who happened to
reside in India at the time when the Mogul Empire fell, had a
fortune like that of Hyder Ali or Runjeet Singh and rose to
supreme power there."
J. R. SEELEY.

(b) The Administration of Clive.

T. B. Macaulay:
Lord Clive,
1754-1756 (1715-1717).

C. Knight:
History of England,
1756 (1717).

Sir W. Hunter:
India,
1756-1758 (1717-1719).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
1759-1760 (1720-1721).

H. Martineau:
British Rule in India,
1760-1761 (1721-1722).

Sir A. Lyall:
Warren Hastings,
1761 (1722).

Sir J. Strachey:
Hastings and the Rohillas,
1762 (1723).

L. J. Trotter:
Warren Hastings,
1762-1763 (1723-1724).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
1763-1764 (1724-1725).

Sir A. Lyall:
British Dominion in India,
1764-1765 (1725-1726).

(d) The Permanent Settlement.

J. M. Ludlow:
British India,
1765 (1726).

Sir J. Strachey:
India,
1765-1766 (1726-1727).

(e) The Impeachment of Warren Hastings.

T. B. Macaulay:
Warren Hastings,
1766-1768 (1727-1729).

Sir A. Lyall:
Warren Hastings,
1768 (1729).

22. RISE OF THE YOUNGER PITT:

Lord Rosebery:
Pitt,
968 (941).

W. Bagehot:
William Pitt,
968-969 (941-942).

Sir T. E. May:
Constitutional History of England
969 (942).

23. POPULAR FEELING TOWARD THE FRENCH REVOLUTION:

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
969-970 (942-943).

Goldwin Smith:
Three English Statesman,
970 (943).

G. W. Cooke:
History of Party,
970 (943).

24. A PERIOD OF REVOLUTIONARY INVENTION:

S. Walpole:
History of England,
643-644 (620-621).

S. Smiles:
Lives of Boulton and Watt,
3109-3110 (3027-3028).

Life of James Watt,
3110-3111 (3028-3029).

25. THE RISE OF THE PRESS:

I. Thomas:
Printing in America,
2669-2670 (2598).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
2670 (2598).

T. B. Macaulay:
Life of Addison,
2670 (2598).

E. Gosse:
Eighteenth Century Literature,
2670-2671 (2598-2599).

A. Dobson:
Eighteenth Century Essays,
2671 (2599).

F. Hudson:
Journalism in the United States,
2672 (2600).

C. Pebody:
English Journalism,
2672-2873 (2601)

STUDY XXXIV.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

EUROPE: FROM THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA (1648) TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789).

1. THE GENERAL SITUATION AT CLOSE OF THIRTY YEARS’ WAR:

A. Gindely:
The Thirty Years’ War,
1519 (1486).

J. Bryce:
The Holy Roman Empire,
1520 (1487).

S. A. Dunham:
The Germanic Empire,
1520-1521 (1487-1488).

H. von Treitschke:
History of Germany,
1521-1522 (3770-3771).

J. B. Perkins:
France under Mazarin,
2329-2330 (2281-2282).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1101 (1073).

See Map between pages
1518-1519 (1486-1487).

2. THE RISE OF PRUSSIA:

T. Carlyle:
Frederick the Great,
316-317 (306-307).

H. Tuttle:
History of Prussia,
317-318 (307-308).

T. Carlyle:
Frederick the Great,
2684-2685 (2613).

C. F. Johnstone:
Historical Abstracts,
318 (308).

G. B. Malleson:
The Battlefields of Germany,
318-320 (308-310).

H. von Treitschke:
History of Germany,
2685-2686 (3768-3769).

H. Martin:
History of France,
2686 (2613).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1107-1108 (1079-1080).

{777}

3. THE WARS OF THE FRONDE IN FRANCE:

J.B. Perkins:
France under Mazarin,
1258 (1226).

H. M. Hozier:
Turenne,
1258-1259 (1226-1227).

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
1260 (1228).

C. M. Yonge:
English History,
1260-1262 (1228-1230).

J. B. Perkins:
France under Mazarin,
306 (297).

J. N. Larned:
Europe, 1102
(1074).

4. THE TREATY OF THE PYRENEES
(A. D. 1659):

T. Wright:
History of France,
1262 (1230).

T. O. Cockayne:
Life of Turenne,
1262-1263 (1231).

O. Airy:
The English Restoration,
1263 (1231).

G. W. Kitchin:
History of France,
1263-1264 (1231-1232).

J. Dunlop:
Memoirs of Spain,
1264(1232).

5. LOUIS XIV. ASSUMES THE GOVERNMENT OF FRANCE
(A. D. 1661):

F. P. Guizot:
History of France,
1255, second column, (1223).

Sir J. Stephen:
History of France,
1257-1258 (1225-1226).

J. C. Morison:
Reign of Louis XIV.,
1264-1265 (1232-1233).

"What the age of Pericles was in the history of the Athenian
Democracy, what the age of the Scipios was in the history of
the Roman Republic, that was the reign of Louis XIV. in the
history of the old monarchy of France. … It is not only the
most conspicuous reign in the history of France—it is the most
conspicuous reign in the History of Monarchy in general. … His
court was an extraordinary creation. He made it the microcosm
of all that was most brilliant and prominent in France. Every
order of merit was invited there and received courteous
welcome. … But Louis XIV.’s reign has better titles than the
adulations of courtiers and the eulogies of wits and poets to
the attention of posterity. It marks one of the most memorable
epochs in the annals of mankind. It stretches across history
like a great mountain range, separating ancient France from
the France of modern times. On the farther slope are
Catholicism and Feudalism in their various stages of splendor
and decay—the France of crusade and chivalry, of St. Louis
and Bayard. On the hither side are free-thought, industry, and
centralization—the France of Voltaire, Turgot, and Condorcet.
When Louis came to the throne, the Thirty Years’ War still
wanted six years of its end, and the heat of theological
strife was at its intensest glow. When he died, the religious
temperature had cooled nearly to the freezing point, and a new
vegetation of science and positive inquiry was overspreading
the world."
J. C. MORISON.

6. THE ADMINISTRATION OF COLBERT
(A. D. 1661-1683):

(a) Some other Tariff Measures.

J. A. Blanqui:
History of Political Economy,
3730-3731 (3610-3611).

W. T. McCullagh:
Industrial History,
3147-3148 (3063-3064).

D. Campbell:
The Puritan in Holland, etc.,
2332-2333 (2284-2285).

M. Chamberlain:
The Revolution Impending,
3286-3287 (3170-3171).

(h) The System of Colbert.

Lady Dilke:
France under Colbert,
1266-1267 (1234-1235).

J. A. Blanqui:
History of Political Economy,
3148-3149 (3064-3065).

H. Martin:
History of France,
1267-1268 (1235-1236).

7. THE DUTCH REPUBLIC:

A. L. Pontalis:
John de Witt,
2330-2332 (2282-2284).

D. Campbell:
The Puritan in Holland, etc.,
2332-2333 (2284-2285).

O. Airy:
The English Restoration,
2333 (2285).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1106-1107 (1078-1079).

8. WARS WITH FRANCE AND ENGLAND:

T. B Macaulay:
Sir William Temple,
2335 (2287).

J. Lingard:
History of England,
922-923 (895-896).

C. M. Yonge:
Landmarks of History,
2335-2336 (2287-2288).

O. Airy:
The English Restoration,
2336 (2288).

J. R. Brodhead:
History of New York,
2336-2337 (2288-2289).

H. Martin:
History of France,
2337-2338 (2289-2290).

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