Chapter XCIX: Appendix: Courses for Study or Reading (6)

7. ORGANIZATION OF THE SUPREME COURT
(A. D. 1789):

J. S. Landon:
Constitutional History of United States,
3122-3123 (3039-3040).

J. Bryce:
The American Commonwealth,
3123 (3040).

E. A. Freeman:
The English People,
3123 (3040).

"It [the Supreme Court] is, I believe, the only national
tribunal in the world which can sit in judgment on a national
law, and can declare an act of all the three powers of the
Union to be null and void. No such power does or can exist in
England. Any one of the three powers of the State,—King,
Lords, or Commons,—acting alone, may act illegally, the three
acting together cannot act illegally. An act of Parliament is
final; it may be repealed by the power which enacted it; it
cannot be questioned by any other power. For in England there
is no written constitution; the powers of Parliament,—of King,
Lords, and Commons, acting together,—are literally boundless.
But in your Union, it is not only possible that President,
Senate, or House of Representatives, acting alone, may act
illegally; the three acting together may act illegally. …
Congress may pass, the President may assent to a measure which
contradicts the terms of the Constitution. If they so act,
they act illegally, and the Supreme Court can declare such an
act to be null and void. This difference flows directly from
the difference between a written and unwritten constitution."
E. A. FREEMAN.

8. The First Tariff Measure, and First Bank of the United States:

J. T. Morse, Jr.:
Life of Alexander Hamilton,
3150 (3066).

A. Hamilton:
Report on Manufactures,
3150-3152 (3066-3068).

H. W. Domett:
The Bank of New York,
2256 (2212).

J. A. Stevens:
Albert Gallatin,
2257-2258 (2213-2214).

9. FOUNDING OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL
(A. D. 1791):

A. Johnston:
History of American Politics,
3419 (3303).

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3767-3768 (3646-3647).

10. ADMISSION OF NEW STATES TO THE UNION:

(a) Vermont (A. D. 1791).

B. J. Lossing:
Life of Philip Schuyler,
3736-3737 (3616-3617).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
3737 (3617).

Z. Thompson:
History of Vermont,
3737-3738 (3617-3618).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
3738-3739 (3618-3619).

(b) Kentucky (A. D. 1792).

N. S. Shaler:
Kentucky,
1981-1982 (1939-1940).

W. B. Allen:
History of Kentucky,
1982-1983 (1940-1941).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
1983 (1941).

(c) Tennessee (A. D. 1796).

T. Roosevelt:
Winning of the West,
3179-3180 (3094-3095).

J. Phelan:
History of Tennessee,
3180-3181 (3095-3096).

J. B. McMaster:
History of the United States,
3181-3182 (3096-3097).

W. H. Carpenter:
History of Tennessee,
3182 (3097).

11. SLAVERY; THE FIRST FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
(A. D. 1793):

H. G. McDougall:
Fugitive Slaves,
3421-3422 (3305-3306).

William Jay:
Letter to Josiah Quincy,
3422 (3306).

J. W. Draper:
History of the Civil War,
3422-3423 (3306-3307).

H. Von Holst:
Constitutional History of the United States,
3431-3432 (3315-3316).

12. RELATIONS WITH FRANCE;
"CITIZEN" GENET;
THE X. Y. Z. LETTERS:

E. Everett:
Life of Washington,
3422 (3306).

H. C. Lodge:
George Washington,
3422 (3306).

T. W. Higginson:
History of the United States,
3431 (3315).

{789}

13. THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION
(A. D. 1794):

George Tucker:
History Of The United States,
2572-2573 (2506-2507).

14. STRAINED RELATIONS WITH GREAT BRITAIN;
THE JAY TREATY
(A. D. 1794-1795):

G. Pellew:
John Jay,
3423-3424 (3307-3308).

H. von Holst:
Constitutional History of the United States,
3424 (3308).

15. THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION;
WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS
(A. D. 1796):

H. von Holst:
Constitutional History of the United States,
3430-3431 (3314-3315).

W. Irving:
Life of Washington,
3424-3425 (3308-3309).

Full Text of the Farewell Address,
3425-3430 (3309-3314).

"In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels of an old
and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they will make the
strong and lasting impression I could wish; that they will
control the usual current of the passions, or prevent our
nation from running the course which has hitherto marked the
destiny of nations. But if I may even flatter myself that they
may be productive of some partial benefit, some occasional
good; that they may now and then recur to moderate the fury of
party spirit, to warn against the mischiefs of foreign
intrigue, to guard against the impostures of pretended
patriotism; this hope will be a full recompense for the
solicitude for your welfare, by which they have been dictated.
… Though, in reviewing the incidents of my administration, I
am unconscious of intentional error, I am, nevertheless, too
sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may
have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently
beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which
they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my
Country will never cease to view them with indulgence; and
that after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its
service with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent
abilities will be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon
be to the mansions of rest."
GEORGE WASHINGTON, FAREWELL ADDRESS.

16. THE DEATH OF WASHINGTON
(DECEMBER 14, 1799):

H. C. Lodge:
George Washington,
3439.

17. THE ALIEN AND SEDITION LAWS
(A. D. 1798):

J. S. Landon:
Constitutional History of the United States
3432 (3316).

H. C. Lodge:
Alexander Hamilton,
3434-3435 (3319).

Text of the Naturalization Act,
3432 (3316).

Texts of the Alien Acts,
3432-3434 (3316-3318).

Text of the Sedition Act,
3434 (3318).

18. THE KENTUCKY AND VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS:

E. D. Warfield:
The Kentucky Resolutions,
3435 (3319).

S. H. Gay:
James Madison,
3438-3439 (3322-3323).

J. B. McMaster:
History of the United States,
3439 (3323).

Text of the Kentucky Resolutions,
3435-3437 (3321).

Text of the Virginia Resolutions,
3437-3438 (3321-3322).

STUDY XL.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

THE UNITED STATES: THE THREE DEMOCRATIC ADMINISTRATIONS (A. D. 1801-1825).

1. THE FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION;
THOMAS JEFFERSON PRESIDENT:

W. Whitelock:
Life of John Jay,
3440 (3324).

Goldwin Smith:
The United States,
3440-3441 (3324-3325).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
3441 (3325).

A. Bradford:
Federal Government,
3441-3442 (3325-3326).

2. JOHN MARSHALL CHIEF JUSTICE:

A. B. Magruder:
John Marshall,
3442-3443 (3326-3327).

3. WAR WITH THE BARBARY STATES:

E. Schuyler:
American Diplomacy,
272 (263).

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
272-273 (263-264).

Henry Adams:
History of the United States,
273 (264).

S. Lane Poole:
The Barbary Corsairs,
273-274 (264-265).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
274 (265).

4. OHIO ADMITTED TO THE UNION
(A. D. 1802):

T. Roosevelt:
Winning of the West,
2429 (2377).

H. Hale:
The Iroquois Book of Rites,
2444-2445 (2392-2393).

B. A. Hinsdale:
The Old Northwest,
2445-2446 (2393-2394).

B. King:
Ohio,
2431 (2379).

J. Winsor:
Narrative and Critical History of America,
2431-2432 (2380).

T. Donaldson:
The Public Domain,
2434-2435 (2383).

Full Text of the Ordinance of 1787,
2432-2434 (2380-2382).

5. THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
(A. D. 1803):

C. Gayarré:
Louisiana,
2090 (2046).

Waring and Cable:
New Orleans,
647 (624).

G. Bancroft:
History of the United States,
2091 (2047).

G. W. Cable:
The Creoles of Louisiana,
2091-2092 (2047-2048).

T. M. Cooley:
The Acquisition of Louisiana,
2092-2093 (2048-2049).

M. Thompson:
The Story of Louisiana,
2093-2094 (2049-2050).

C. F. Robertson:
The Louisiana Purchase,
2094 (2050).

H. von Holst:
Constitutional History of the United States
3443 (3327).

Henry Adams:
History of the United States,
3444 (3328).

See maps between pages
3342-3343 (3326-3327).

6. FEDERALIST SECESSION MOVEMENT
(A. D. 1804):

T. M. Cooley:
The Acquisition of Louisiana,
3444 (3328).

C. F. Robertson:
The Louisiana Purchase,
3445 (3329).

"The purchase, according to the Federal view of the
Constitution, was perfectly legitimate. … But the Federalists
in general took narrow and partisan views, and in order to
embarrass the administration resorted to quibbles which were
altogether unworthy the party which had boasted of Washington
as its chief and Hamilton as the exponent of its doctrines. …
The Federal leaders did not stop at cavils; they insisted that
the unconstitutional extension of territory was in effect a
dissolution of the Union, so that they were at liberty to
contemplate and plan for a final disruption."
JUDGE T. M. COOLEY.

7. THE BRITISH IMPRESSMENT OF SEAMEN:

G. Tucker:
History of the United States
3444 (3328).

Henry Adams:
History of the United States,
3444 (3328).

Goldwin Smith:
The United States,
3444-3445 (3328-3329).

8. THE IMPEACHMENT OF JUDGE CHASE
(A. D. 1804-1805):

Henry Adams:
John Randolph,
3445-3446 (3330).

J. Q. Adams:
Memoirs,
3446 (3330).

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3446-3447 (3331).

9. THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION
(A. D. 1804-1805):

The Nation:
Review of Dr. Coues’ History,
3447-3448 (3331-3332).

10. AARON BURR’S FILIBUSTERING SCHEME
(A. D. 1806-1807):

J. D. Hammond:
History of Political Parties,
3450-3451 (3334-3335).

{790}

11. THE QUESTION OF THE SLAVE TRADE:

W. F. Poole:
Anti-Slavery Opinions,
3002 (2924).

John Fiske:
The Critical Period,
3002-3003 (2924-2925).

C. P. Lucas:
The British Colonies,
3003 (2925).

E. Quincy:
Life of Josiah Quincy,
3451-3452 (3336).

12. TROUBLES WITH GREAT BRITAIN
(A. D. 1804-1810):

J. B. McMaster:
History of the United States,
3448-3449 (3332-3333).

S. H. Gay:
James Madison,
3449-3450 (3333-3334).

Henry Adams:
History of the United States,
3450 (3334).

Henry Adams:
History of the United States,
3452-3453 (3336-3337).

Goldwin Smith:
The United States,
3453 (3337).

G. L. Rives:
Thomas Barclay,
3454 (3338).

13. SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION;
JAMES MADISON PRESIDENT (A. D. 1808):

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3453 (3337).

14. THE THIRD CENSUS (A. D. 1810),
3454 (3338).

15. LOUISIANA ADMITTED TO THE UNION
(A. D. 1812):

Waring and Cable:
New Orleans,
2095 (2051).

L. Carr:
Missouri,
2095 (2051).

J. W. Monette:
The Valley of the Mississippi,
2095 (2051).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
1182-1183 (1153).

16. BEGINNING OF THE WAR WITH GREAT BRITAIN
(A. D. 1812):

C. Schurz:
Life of Henry Clay,
3455 (3339).

R. Johnson:
The War of 1812,
3456-3457 (3340-3341).

T. W. Higginson:
History of the United States,
3457-3458 (3341-3342).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
3458 (3342).

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3458-3459 (3342-3343).

17. CONDITION, AND EARLY SUCCESSES, OF THE NAVY:

J. A. Stevens:
Second War with Great Britain,
3459 (3343).

J. R. Soley:
Wars of the United States,
3459-3460 (3343-3344).

18. PERRY’S VICTORY ON LAKE ERIE
(A. D. 1813):

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3460-3462 (3344-3346).

T. Roosevelt:
The Naval War,
3462 (3346).

19. THE BURNING OF TORONTO, AND BUFFALO
(A. D. 1813):

G. Bryce:
History of Canada,
3462-3463 (3346-3347).

J. T. Headley:
Second War with England,
3463-3464 (3347-3348).

R. Johnson:
The War of 1812,
3464-3465 (3348-3349).

20. THE CREEK WAR; JACKSON’S FIRST CAMPAIGN:

A. S. Gatschet:
The Creek Indians,
102 (95).

A. Gallatin:
Synopsis of Indian Tribes,
102 (95).

W. G. Sumner:
Andrew Jackson,
3465 (3349).

21. LUNDY’S LANE, AND LAKE CHAMPLAIN
(A. D. 1814):

S. Perkins:
History of the Late War,
3466-3467 (3350-3351).

W. Dorsheimer:
Buffalo in the War of 1812,
3467-3468 (3351-3352).

T. Roosevelt:
The Naval War of 1812,
3469-3470 (3353-3354).

22. THE CAPTURE OF WASHINGTON;
BURNING OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
(A. D. 1814):

A. Johnston:
The United States,
3465 (3349).

C. B. Todd:
The Story of Washington,
3468 (3352).

G. R. Gleig:
Campaigns of the British Army,
3468 (3352).

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
3468-3469 (3352-3353).

23. THE LAST BATTLES OF THE WAR:

J. R. Soley:
The Boys of 1812,
3474 (3358).

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3474-3475 (3358-3359).

24. THE TREATY OF PEACE
(A. D. 1814):

J. T. Morse, Jr.:
John Quincy Adams,
3470-3471 (3354-3355).

T. Wilson:
The Treaty of Ghent,
3471 (3355).

Full Text of the Treaty,
3471-3474 (3355-3358).

25. INCORPORATION OF THE SECOND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
(A. D. 1817):

D. Kinley:
The Treasury of the United States,
2258-2259 (2214-2215).

W. G. Sumner:
Andrew Jackson,
2259 (2215).

A. Johnston:
History of American Politics,
2259 (2215).

26. THE EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION;
JAMES MONROE ELECTED
(A. D. 1816):

N. Sargent:
Public Men and Events,
3475-3476 (3359-3360).

E. Stanwood:
Presidential Elections,
3476 (3360).

27. THE FIRST MOVE TOWARD "INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS"
(A. D. 1816-1817):

A. B. Hart:
Formation of the Union,
3476 (3360).

C. Colton:
Life of Henry Clay,
3476 (3360).

28. ADMISSION OF NEW STATES TO THE UNION:

(a) Indiana (A. D. 1816).

T. Donaldson:
The Public Domain,
2434-2435 (2382-2383).

J. W. Monette:
The Mississippi Valley,
1787-1788 (1748-1749).

(b) Mississippi (A. D. 1817).

J. W. Monette:
The Mississippi Valley,
2233 (2189).

T. Donaldson:
The Public Domain,
2094 (2050).

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
2233 (2189).

(c) Illinois (A. D. 1818).

J. Wallace:
History of Illinois,
1734 (1695).

B. A. Hinsdale:
The Old Northwest,
3379-3380 (3263-3264).

J. B. McMaster:
History of the United States,
2430-2431 (2378-2379).

J. W. Monette:
The Mississippi Valley,
1787-1788 (1748-1749).

R. G. Thwaites:
The Boundaries of Wisconsin,
3776 (3655).

(d) Alabama (A. D. 1819).

W. Brewer:
Alabama,
30 (32).

(e) Maine (A. D. 1820).

C. W. Tuttle:
Captain John Mason,
2354-2355 (2306-2307).

C. W. Elliott:
New England History,
2122-2123 (2079-2080).

G. L. Austin:
History of Massachusetts,
2123 (2080).

W. D. Williamson:
History of Maine,
2123 (2080).

29. THE SEMINOLE WARS:

A. S. Gatschet:
The Creek Indians,
108 (101).

D. G. Brinton:
The Floridian Peninsula,
108-109 (101-102).

Bryant and Gay:
History of the United States,
1183 (1153).

W. G. Sumner:
Andrew Jackson,
1183-1184 (1154).

T. Roosevelt:
Life of Benton,
1184 (1154).

30. THE DARTMOUTH COLLEGE CASE
(A. D. 1819):

G. T. Curtis:
Life of Daniel Webster,
754-755 (3741-3742).

{791}

31. THE BEGINNING OF OCEAN NAVIGATION:

F. E. Chadwick:
Development of the Steamship,
3115-3116 (3033-3034).

32. NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION;
THE "ERA OF GOOD FEELING"
(A. D. 1820):

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3478 (3362).

T. W. Higginson:
History of the United States,
3478 (3362).

"Monroe like Washington was re-chosen President by a vote
practically unanimous. One, however, of the 232 electoral
votes cast was wanting to consummate this exceptional honor;
for a New Hampshire elector, with a boldness of discretion
which, in our days and especially upon a close canvass, would
have condemned him to infamy, threw away upon John Quincy
Adams the vote which belonged like those of his colleagues to
Monroe, determined, so it is said, that no later mortal should
stand in Washington’s shoes. Of America’s Presidents elected
by virtual acclamation history furnishes but these two
examples; and as between the men honored by so unapproachable
a tribute of confidence, Monroe entered upon his second term
of office with less of real political opposition than
Washington."
J. SCHOULER.

33. THE FOURTH CENSUS (A. D. 1820),
3478 (3362).

34. THE FIRST GREAT CONFLICT OVER SLAVERY;
THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
(A. D. 1818-1821):

Waring and Cable:
New Orleans,
2095 (2051).

L. Carr:
Missouri,
2095 (2051).

Carl Schurz:
Life of Henry Clay,
3476-3477 (3360-3361).

J. A. Woodburn:
The Missouri Compromise,
3477-3478 (3361-3362).

35. THE MONROE DOCTRINE
(A. D. 1823):

T. W. Higginson:
History of the United States,
3478-3479 (3362-3363).

D. C. Gilman:
James Monroe,
3479 (3363).

36. TARIFF LEGISLATION;
"THE AMERICAN SYSTEM"
(A. D. 1816-1824):

O. L. Elliott:
The Tariff Controversy,
3153-3154 (3069-3070).

T. H. Benton:
Thirty Years’ View,
3154 (3070).

STUDY XLI.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

THE UNITED STATES FROM THE ELECTION OF ADAMS (1825) TO THE COMPROMISE OF 1850.

1. TENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
(A. D. 1824):

J. Quincy:
Life of J. Q. Adams,
3479-3480 (3364).

J. P. Kennedy:
Life of William Wirt,
3480 (3364).

Goldwin Smith:
The United States,
3480-3481 (3364-3365).

2. RECONSTRUCTION OF PARTIES:

T. H. Benton:
Thirty Years’ View,
3481 (3365).

A. Johnston:
History of American Politics,
3481-3482 (3365-3366).

3. TARIFF CHANGES;
"THE BILL OF ABOMINATIONS":

T. H. Benton:
Thirty Years' View,
3154 (3070).

H. C. Lodge:
Daniel Webster,
3154 (3070).

W. G. Sumner:
Andrew Jackson,
3154-3155 (3071).

C. Schurz:
Life of Henry Clay,
3155 (3071).

4. ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION;
ANDREW JACKSON
(A. D. 1828):

W. G. Sumner:
Andrew Jackson,
3482 (3366).

T. H. Benton:
Thirty Years’ View,
3482 (3366).

5. NULLIFICATION AND DISUNION SENTIMENT:

S. H. Gay:
James Madison,
3438-3439 (3322-3323).

T. M. Cooley:
The Acquisition of Louisiana,
3443-3444 (3327-3328).

A. Johnston:
American Politics,
3470 (3354).

H. von Holst:
Constitutional History,
3470 (3354).

Texts of Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions,
3435-3438 (3319-3322).

6. NULLIFICATION ORDINANCE OF SOUTH CAROLINA;
WEBSTER-HAYNE DEBATE:

G. T. Curtis:
Life of Daniel Webster,
3482-3483 (3366-3367).

C. Schurz:
Life of Henry Clay,
3483 (3367).

G. Hunt:
The Nullification Struggle,
3483-3484 (3367-3368).

Text of Ordinance of Nullification,
3485 (3369).

7. THE BEGINNING OF THE "SPOILS SYSTEM":

John Fiske:
Civil Government in the United States,
490.

8. RISE OF THE ABOLITIONISTS:

H. von Holst:
Constitutional History,
3005-3006 (2927-2928).

B. Tuckerman:
William Jay,
3485-3486 (3369-3370).

Goldwin Smith:
William Lloyd Garrison,
3486 (3370).

J. F. Clarke:
Anti-Slavery Days,
3487 (3370-3371).

"The ‘Liberator’ was a weekly journal, bearing the names of
William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp as publishers. Its
motto was, ‘Our Country is the world, Our Countrymen are
Mankind,’ a direct challenge to those whose motto was the
Jingo cry of those days, ‘Our Country, right or wrong!’ … The
salutatory of the ‘Liberator’ avowed that its editor meant to
speak out without restraint. ‘I will be as harsh as truth and
as uncompromising as justice. On this subject [Slavery] I do
not wish to think, or speak, or write with moderation. No! No!
Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm;
tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the
ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from
the fire into which it as fallen—but urge me not to use
moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest—I will
not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single
inch—I will be heard.’ This promise was amply kept."
GOLDWIN SMITH.

9. THE FIFTH CENSUS
(A. D. 1830).

3487 (3371).

10. THE FIRST RAILROADS:

W. J. M. Rankine:
The Steam Engine,
3111-3112 (3029-3030).

S. Smiles:
Life of George Stephenson,
3112 (3030).

C. F. Adams, Jr.:
Railroads,
3112-3113 (3030-3031).

11. JACKSON AND THE UNITED STATES BANK:

D. Kinley:
The Independent Treasury,
2258-2259 (2214-2215).

W. G. Sumner:
Andrew Jackson,
2259 (2215).

A. Johnston:
American Politics,
2259 (2215).

J. Parton:
Life of Jackson,
3487-3488 (3371-3372).

C. Schurz:
Life of Clay,
3488 (3372).

12. BIRTH OF THE WHIG PARTY
(A. D. 1834):

E. Stanwood:
Presidential Elections,
3488 (3372).

G. T. Curtis:
Life of Webster,
3488-3489 (3372-3373).

13. SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA;
THE RIGHT OF PETITION:

N. Sargent:
Public Men and Events,
3489 (3373).

J. F. Clarke:
Anti-Slavery Days,
3490 (3374), 3494 (3378).

Bryant and Gay:
History of the United States,
3490 (3374).

T. H. Benton:
Thirty Years’ View,
3492 (3376).

14. THIRTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
(A. D. 1836):

A. D. Morse:
Political Influence of Jackson,
3490-3491 (3374-3375).

G. Bancroft:
Martin Van Buren,
3491 (3375).

{792}

15. THE FINANCIAL PANIC OF 1837:

A. Johnston:
American Politics,
2259 (2215).

E. M. Shepard:
Martin Van Buren,
3489 (3373).

A. Johnston:
History of the United States,
3774 (3653).

Century Magazine:
Cheap Money Experiments,
2259-2260 (2215-2216).

T. M. Cooley:
Michigan,
2260 (2216).

E. G. Spaulding:
100 Years of Banking,
2260 (2216).

A. S. Bolles:
Financial History,
3491 (3375).

16. ADMISSION OF NEW STATES;
ARKANSAS, MICHIGAN:

T. Donaldson:
The Public Domain,
2094 (2050).

J. W. Monette:
The Mississippi Valley,
140 (133), 1787-1788 (1748-1749).

R. G. Thwaites:
The Boundaries of Wisconsin,
2223-2224 (2179-2180).

17. THE SIXTH CENSUS
(A. D. 1840).

3493 (3377).

18. THE HARRISON-TYLER ADMINISTRATION
(A. D. 1841-1845):

N. Sargent:
Public Men and Events,
3493 (3377).

A. Johnston:
American Politics,
3493-3494 (3377-3378).

J. F. Clarke:
Anti-Slavery Days,
3494 (3378).

A. S. Bolles:
Financial History,
3158 (3074).

J. Schouler:
History of the United States,
3494-3495 (3378-3379).

19. THE POLK ADMINISTRATION
(A. D. 1845-1849):

W. Wilson:
Division and Reunion,
3495 (3379).

E. M. Shepard:
Martin Van Buren,
3496 (3380).

20. THE "WALKER TARIFF"
(A. D. 1846):

A. L. Perry
Political Economy,
3159 (3075).

J. G. Blaine:
Twenty Years in Congress,
3159-3160 (3075-3076).

21. ADMISSION OF NEW STATES TO THE UNION;
FLORIDA, TEXAS, IOWA, WISCONSIN:

R. Hildreth:
History of the United States,
1184 (1154).

T. Roosevelt:
Life of Benton,
1184 (1154).

H. Wilson:
The Slave Power,
3495-3496 (3379-3380).

J. W. Monette:
The Mississippi Valley,
3186 (3101).

C. Schurz:
Life of Clay,
3187 (3102).

J. W. Draper:
American Civil War,
3187-3188 (3102-3103).

R. G. Thwaites:
Boundaries of Wisconsin,
3776 (3655).

See Maps between
3442-3443 (3326-3327).

22. THE WAR WITH MEXICO
(A. D. 1846-1848):

H. Wilson:
The Slave Power,
2217 (2173).

J. W. Draper:
American Civil War,
2217-2218 (2173-2174).

A. H. Noll:
History of Mexico,
2218 (2174).

Bryant and Gay:
History of the United States,
2218 (2174).

J. R. Soley:
Wars of the United States,
2218-2219 (2174-2175).

H. O. Ladd:
War with Mexico,
2219-2220 (2175-2176).

23. THE FREE SOIL PARTY;
SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
(A. D. 1848):

E. M. Shepard:
Martin Van Buren,
3498 (3382).

C. F. Adams:
Richard Henry Dana,
3498 (3382).

C. Colton:
Life of Clay,
3498 (3382).

24. THE SEVENTH CENSUS (A. D. 1850),
3499 (3383).

25. CONQUEST OF CALIFORNIA;
DISCOVERY OF GOLD:

J. Royce:
California,
358 (348).

E. E. Dunbar:
Romance of the Age,
359-360 (349-350).

J. S. Hittell:
Discovery of Gold,
360 (350).

J. E. Cairnes:
Political Economy,
2261 (2217).

26. AGGRESSION OF THE SLAVE POWER;
WEBSTER’S "SEVENTH OF MARCH" SPEECH
(A. D. 1850):

J. S. Landon:
Constitutional History,
3499 (3883).

F. W. Seward:
Seward at Washington,
3499-3500 (3883-3884).

Daniel Webster:
Works,
3500-3503 (3384-3387).

H. C. Lodge:
Daniel Webster,
3503 (3387).

J. F. Rhodes:
History of the United States,
3503 (3387).

H. Wilson:
The Slave Power,
1685 (1646).

"When Seward came to the territorial question, his words
created a sensation. ‘We hold,’ he said, ‘no arbitrary
authority over anything, whether acquired lawfully or seized
by usurpation. The Constitution regulates our stewardship; the
Constitution devotes the domain (i. e. the territories not
formed into States) to union, to justice, to defense, to
welfare, and to liberty. _But there is a higher law than the
Constitution_, which regulates our authority over the
domain, and devotes it to the same noble purposes. The
territory is a part, no inconsiderable part, of the common
heritage of mankind, bestowed upon them by the Creator of the
Universe. We are His stewards, and must so discharge our trust
as to secure in the highest attainable degree their
happiness.’ This remark about ‘a higher law’ … was destined to
have a transcendent moral influence. A speech which can be
condensed into an aphorism is sure to shape convictions."
J. F. RHODES.

27. The Fugitive Slave Law;
"Compromise of 1850":

M. G. McDougall:
Fugitive Slaves,
3421-3422 (3305-3306)

W. R. Houghton:
American Politics,
3503-3504 (3387-3388).

J. F. Rhodes:
History of the United States,
3504 (3388)

C. Schurz:
Life of Clay,
3504 (3388).

Text of Fugitive Slave Law,
3504-3507 (3388-3391).

STUDY XLII
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

ENGLAND (GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND) FROM THE FALL OF NAPOLEON TO THE DEATH OF QUEEN VICTORIA.

1. ENGLAND AT THE CLOSE OF THE NAPOLEONIC WARS:

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
975-976 (948-9).

J. McCarthy:
Sir Robert Peel,
977-978 (950-951).

H. Ashworth:
Richard Cobden,
3152-3153 (3068-3069).

2. AGITATION FOR PARLIAMENTARY REFORM
(A. D. 1816-):

C. Knight:
History of England,
976-977 (949-950).

J. McCarthy:
Sir Robert Peel,
977-978 (950-951).

3. REMOVAL OF DISABILITIES FROM DISSENTERS
(A. D. 1827):

J. R. Green:
History of the English People,
923-924 (896-897):

J. Stoughton:
Religion in England.
924 (897).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
944-945 (917-918).

S. Walpole:
England from 1815,
979 (952).

4. UNION OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND;
CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION:

J. H. McCarthy:
Ireland since the Union,
1817 (1777).

W. F. Collier:
History of Ireland,
1817-1818 (1778).

W. A. O’Connor:
The Irish People,
1818 (1778).

W. E. H. Lecky:
History of England,
1818-1819 (1778-1779); 1822-1823 (1782-1784).

{793}

W. Massey:
Reign of George III.,
1821-1822 (1782).

W. E. H. Lecky:
Leaders of Public Opinion,
1824-1825 (1784-1785).

J. A. Hamilton:
Daniel O'Connell,
1825 (1785).

5. PARTY DIVISIONS:

R. Burnet: History of My Own Time,
3772 (3651).

R. Chambers:
Annals of Scotland,
3772-3773 (3652).

D. Hume:
History of England,
930 (903).

I. Jennings:
The Croker Papers,
518 (504).

6. THE GREAT REFORM OF REPRESENTATION
(A. D. 1830-1832):

W. Heaton:
Three Reforms of Parliament,
980-982 (953-955).

Sir T. E. May:
Constitutional History,
982-983 (955-956).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1126 (1098).

7. SUPPRESSION OF SLAVE TRADE;
ABOLITION OF COLONIAL SLAVERY
(A. D. 1792-1833).

C. P. Lucas:
British Colonies,
3003 (2925), 3006 (2928).

L. Herstlet:
Treaties and Conventions,
3003 (2925).

J. McCarthy:
Epoch of Reform,
983 (956).

8. The Oxford, or Tractarian Movement
(1833-):

H. O. Wakeman:
Religion in England,
2459-2460 (2407-2408).

S. Walpole:
History of England,
2460 (2408).

9. COMMERCIAL SUPREMACY;
FREE TRADE AGITATION:

H. deB. Gibbins:
British Commerce,
3230-3231 (3719-3720).

A. J. Wilson:
British Trade,
3231-3232 (3720-3721).

A. L. Bowley:
Foreign Trade,
3232 (3721).

H. Ashworth:
Recollections of Cobden,
3152-3153 (3068-3069).

John Morley:
Life of Cobden,
3156-3157 (3072-3073).

10. FACTORY LEGISLATION:

G. Howell:
Conflicts of Capital and Labor,
1133-1134 (1105-1106).

C. D. Wright:
Factory Legislation,
1134 (1106).

11. ACCESSION AND MARRIAGE OF QUEEN VICTORIA
(A. D. 1837, 1840):

A. H. McCalman:
History of England,
984 (957).

J. McCarthy:
Sir Robert Peel,
985 (958).

J. McCarthy:
History of Our Own Times,
988-989 (959-960).

12. THE CHARTIST AGITATION
(A. D. 1838-1848):

C. Knight:
History of England,
987 (960).

J. McCarthy:
History of Our Own Times,
987-988 (960-961).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
990 (963).

13. THE OPIUM WAR
(A. D. 1839-1842):

S. Walpole:
England from 1815,
435-437 (421-423).

C. Knight:
History of England,
437 (423).

S. W. Williams:
The Middle Kingdom,
437 (423).

14. ADOPTION OF PENNY POSTAGE
(A. D. 1840):

C. Knight:
History of England,
988 (961).

W. N. Molesworth:
History of England,
988 (961).

15. AFFAIRS IN IRELAND
(A. D. 1840-1850):

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1130-1131 (1102-1103).

(а) Agitation for Repeal of the Union.

Sir C. G. Duffy:
Irish History,
1825-1827 (1785-1787).

E. Lawless:
The Story of Ireland,
1827-1829 (1787-1789).

(b) The Maynooth Grant.

S. Walpole:
History of England,
1829-1830 (1790).

(c) The Great Famine
(A. D. 1845-1847).

A. M. Sullivan:
New Ireland,
1830-1831 (1790-1791).

L. Levi:
British Commerce,
1831 (1791).

Sir R. Blennerhassett:
Ireland,
1832 (1792).

T. P. O’Connor:
The Parnell Movement,
1832 (1792).

16. BANK OF ENGLAND;
CHARTER ACT OF 1844:

T. B. Macaulay:
History of England,
2253-2254 (2209-2210).

W. Bagehot:
Lombard Street,
2254-2255 (2210-2211).

W. C. Taylor:
Sir Robert Peel,
2260 (2216).

F. C. Montague:
Life of Peel,
2260-2261 (2216-2217).

17. REPEAL OF THE CORN LAWS (A. D. 1846);
PERFECTED FREE TRADE:

F. G. Montague:
Sir Robert Peel,
3157-3158 (3073-3074).

L. Levi:
History of British Commerce,
3158-3159 (3074-3075).

H. Martineau:
History of Thirty Years' Peace,
3159 (3075).

W. N. Molesworth:
History of England,
2293-2294 (2245-2246).

J. McCarthy:
Epoch of Reform,
3160 (3076).

A. Mongredien:
Free Trade Movement,
3160-3161 (3076-3077).

18. OVERTHROW OF PEEL;
ADVENT OF DISRAELI
(A. D. 1846):

J. McCarthy:
Epoch of Reform,
989 (962).

J. A. Froude:
Lord Beaconsfield,
989-990 (982-983).

19. CIVIL SERVICE REFORM
(A. D. 1853-1855):

D. B. Eaton:
Civil Service in Great Britain,
489-490 (475-476).

20. THE CRIMEAN WAR
(A. D. 1853-1856):

S. Walpole:
Foreign Relations,
2848-2849 (2774-2775).

J. McCarthy:
History of Our Own Times,
2849-2850 (2775-2776).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
2850-2851 (2776-2777).

W. N. Molesworth:
England,
2851-2852 (2777-2778).

21. ANGLO-FRENCH WAR WITH CHINA
(A. D. 1856-1860):

J. McCarthy:
History of Our Own Times,
439-441 (425-427).

22. SEPOY MUTINY IN INDIA
(A. D. 1857-1858):

W. W. Hunter:
Brief History of Indian People,
1779 (1740)

Lord Lawrence:
Speech,
1779-1780 (1740-1741).

H. S. Cunningham:
Earl Canning,
1780 (1741).

Sir O. T. Burne:
Clyde and Strathnairn,
1780-1782 (1741-1743).

J. T. Wheeler:
Short History,
1782-1783 (1743-1744).

R. B. Smith:
Lord Lawrence,
1783-1784 (1744-1745).

W. N. Molesworth:
History of England,
1784-1785 (1745-1746).

S Walpole:
History of England,
1785-1786 (1746-1747).

J. McCarthy:
History of Our Own Times,
1786 (1747).

23. ATTITUDE TOWARD THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
(A. D. 1861-1865):

The Queen’s Proclamation of Neutrality,
3544 (3428).

Proclamation of President Lincoln,
3544 (3428).

The Case of the United States at Geneva,
3544-3545 (3428-3429).

J. Jay:
The Great Conspiracy,
3545 (3429).

J. Watts:
Facts of the Cotton Famine,
993-994 (966-967).

{794}

24. FURTHER PARLIAMENTARY REFORM
(A. D. 1865-1868):

A. H. McCalman:
History of England,
994-995 (967-968).

B. C. Skottowe;
History of Parliament,
995-996 (968-969).

D. W. Rannie:
The English Constitution,
996 (969).

R. Wilson,
Queen Victoria,
997 (970).

25. MR. GLADSTONE’S FIRST IRISH MEASURES
(A. D. 1868-1870):

J. McCarthy:
History of Our Own Times,
996-997 (969-970).

26. TREATY OF WASHINGTON; GENEVA ARBITRATION
(A. D. 1869-1872):

B. J. Lossing:
The Civil War,
30-31 (23-24).

Case of the United States Before Tribunal of Arbitration,
31 (24).

C. Cushing:
The Treaty of Washington,
34(27); 35-36 (28-29).

Treaties and Conventions between United States
and Other Powers,
34-35 (27-28).

27. IRISH POLITICS;
THE HOME RULE PARTY;
PARNELL;
COERCION.—PHOENIX PARK MURDERS
(A. D. 1873-1882).

J. H. McCarthy:
Irish History,
1835-1836 (1795-1796).

J. H. McCarthy:
England Under Gladstone,
1836-1837 (1797).

Summaries from The Times,
1837 (1797).

W. M. Pimblett:
Political History,
1837-1838 (1798).

Cassell’s History of England,
1838 (1798).

28. ENGLAND IN SOUTH AFRICA
(A. D. 1877-1881):

A. Trollope:
South Africa,
3039-3040 (2961-2962).

J. H. McCarthy:
England Under Gladstone,
3040-3002 (2962-2964).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
3042-3043 (2964-2965).

J. S. Keltie:
Partition of Africa,
3043-3045 (2967).

29. THE WAR IN EGYPT (A. D. 1882-):

J. C. McCoan:
Egypt,
788-789 (761-762).

H. Vogt:
The Egyptian War,
790-792 (763-765).

J. E. Bowen:
Conflict in Egypt,
792-794 (765-767).

A. E. Hake:
Story of "Chinese" Gordon,
794-795, (767-768).

30. THE PARTITION OF AFRICA (A. D. 1884-1891):

A. S. White:
Development of Africa,
21-23 (17-19).

31. THE THIRD REFORM BILL (A. D. 1884-1885):

W. Heaton:
Three Reforms of Parliament,
999-1000 (972-973).

R. Gneist:
Parliament in Transformation,
1000 (973).

W. A. Holdsworth:
New Reform Act,
1005 (978).

Text of Third Reform Act, 1884,
1000-1004 (973-977).

32. GLADSTONE’S HOME RULE BILL FOR IRELAND
(A. D. 1885-1886):

G. B. Smith:
Prime Ministers of Queen Victoria,
1005 (978).

P. W. Clayden:
England Under the Coalition,
1005-1007 (978-980); 1839-1840 (1799-1800).

J. Bryce:
The Irish Question,
1838-1839 (1798-1799).

R. Johnston:
The Queen’s Reign,
1840 (1800).

33. RETIREMENT OF GLADSTONE
(A. D. 1892-1894):

Irish Home Rule Bill,
1007-1008 (980-981).

Earl of Rosebery Prime Minister,
Volume VI., 203-204.

34. VENEZUELA BOUNDARY DISPUTE
(A. D. 1895):

See Study XLVI.

35. DIAMOND JUBILEE OF THE QUEEN
(A. D. 1897):

The Message of the Queen to her Subjects,
Volume VI., 207-208.

36. Death of Gladstone (May 19, 1898):

Tributes of Lords Salisbury and Rosebery, and Mr. Balfour,
Volume VI., 209-210.

"The most distinguished political name of the century has been
withdrawn from the roll of Englishmen."
LORD SALISBURY.

"This country, this nation, loves brave men. Mr. Gladstone was
the bravest of the brave. There was no cause so hopeless that
he was afraid to undertake it; there was no amount of
opposition that would cowe him when once he had undertaken
it."
LORD ROSEBERY.

37. THE GREAT BOER WAR
(A. D. 1899-1902):

[The treatment of this subject in Volumes VI. and VII. of
History for Ready Reference covers sixty-five of its large
double-column pages (456-517 in Volume 6 and 620-624 in Volume
7), and is the most complete statement of all the causes that
led up to that conflict that can be found in any work. The
scope of these Studies does not admit of a detailed analysis
of this material, nor is such an analysis necessary; as all
the despatches, State papers, and descriptive matter are
arranged in such an orderly manner, under the general head of
"South Africa," that one needs no aid in studying the
subject.]

38. DEATH OF QUEEN VICTORIA
(JANUARY 28, 1901):

Detailed Account of her last illness,
Volume VI., 212-213.

Tributes of leading Statesmen,
Volume VI., 213-216.

"The simple dignity, befitting a Monarch of this realm, in
that she could never fail, because it arose from her inherent
sense of the fitness of things. It was no trapping put on for
office, and therefore it was that this dignity, this Queenly
dignity, only served to throw into a brighter light those
admirable virtues of the wife, the mother, and the woman, with
which she was so richly endowed."
A. J. BALFOUR, Leader of the House of Commons.

"But have you realized what the personal weight of the late
Queen was in the councils of the world? She was by far the
senior of all the European Sovereigns. The German Emperor was
her grandson by birth. The Emperor of Russia was her grandson
by marriage. She had reigned eleven years when the Emperor of
Austria came to his throne. She had seen two dynasties pass
from the throne of France. She had seen, as Queen, three
Monarchs of Spain, and four Sovereigns of the House of Savoy
in Italy. … Can we not realize, then, what a force the
personal influence of such a Sovereign was in the troubled
councils of Europe? And when, as we know, that influence was
always given for peace, for freedom, and for good government,
we feel that not merely ourselves but all the world has lost
one of its best friends."
LORD ROSEBERY.

39. VICTORIAN AGE IN LITERATURE:

J. McCarthy:
Literature of the Victorian Reign,
985 (958).

R. Garnett:
Reign of Queen Victoria,
986 (959).

G. L. Craik:
History of English Literature,
986 (959).

J. A. Symonds:
Elizabethan and Victorian Poetry,
986-987 (959-960).

T. D. Robb:
Elizabethan Drama and Victorian Novel,
987 (960).

STUDY XLIII.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

FRANCE FROM THE FALL OF NAPOLEON TO A. D. 1910.

1. TREATY OF PARIS;
NEW BOUNDARIES
(A. D. 1814):

H. Martin:
History of France,
1391-1392 (1358-1359).

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
1392 (1359).

2. CONGRESS OF VIENNA
(A. D. 1814):

C. A. Fyffe:
Modern Europe,
3745-3747 (3625-3626).

R. Lodge:
Modern Europe,
3747 (3626).

3. THE HOLY ALLIANCE
(A. D. 1815-):

M. E. G. Duff:
European Politics,
1697 (1658).

E. Hertslet:
Europe by Treaty,
1697 (1658).

{795}

W. R. Thayer:
Dawn of Italian Independence,
1607-1608 (1658-1659).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1124 (1096).

4. RESTORED MONARCHY; LOUIS XVIII
(A. D. 1815-1824):

J. H. Rose:
Century of Continental History,
1401 (1368).

5. CONGRESS OF VERONA
(A. D. 1822):

R. Lodge:
Modern Europe,
3741 (3621).

F. H. Hill:
George Canning,
3741 (3621).

R. Bell:
Life of Canning,
3741-3742 (3621-3622).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1124-1125 (1096-1097).

6. FRENCH INVASION OF SPAIN:

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
3094-3096 (3012-3014).

7. CHARLES X;
REVOLUTION OF 1830;
LOUIS PHILIPPE
(A. D. 1824-1830):

J. H. Rose:
Century of Continental History,
1401-1402 (1368-1369); 1402 (1369).

T. W. Knox:
Decisive Battles,
1645-1646 (1607-1608).

W. Müller:
Political History,
1402-1403 (1369-1370).

8. REVOLT OF BELGIUM
(A. D. 1830-1832).

S. Walpole:
England from 1815,
2348-2350 (2302).

C. A. Fyffe:
Modern Europe,
2350 (2302).

9. CONQUEST OF ALGIERS
(A. D. 1830-).

T. W. Knox:
Decisive Battles,
275 (266).

T. Wright:
History of France,
275-276 (266-267).

J. R. Morell:
Algeria,
276-277 (267-268).

10. REVOLUTION OF 1848:

J. Macdonnell:
France since the First Empire,
1404 (1371).

R. Mackenzie:
The Nineteenth Century,
1404-1405 (1371-1372).

11. SECOND REPUBLIC;
LOUIS NAPOLEON:

N. W. Senior:
Journals,
1405-1406 (1372-1373).

E. S. Cayley:
Revolution of 1848,
1406-1408 (1373-1375).

12. FRENCH INTERVENTION AT ROME
(A. D. 1849):

W. Muller:
Political History,
1901-1903 (1861-1863).

W. R. Thayer:
Dawn of Italian Independence,
1903 (1863).

13. THE COUP D’ÉTAT OF 1851:

A. W. Kinglake:
Invasion of the Crimea,
1408-1410 (1375-1377).

H. Murdock:
Reconstruction of Europe,
1410-1411 (1377-1378).

14. THE SECOND EMPIRE ORDAINED
(A. D. 1851-1852):

H. Martin:
History of France,
1411-1412 (1378-1379).

15. CRIMEAN WAR;
PEACE CONGRESS OF PARIS;
"DECLARATION OF PARIS"
(A. D. 1853-1856):

S. Walpole:
Foreign Relations,
2848-2849 (2774-2775);
2853-2855 (2779-2781).

J. McCarthy:
Our Own Times,
2849-2850 (2775-2776).

J. F. Bright:
History of England,
2850-2851 (2776-2777).

W. N. Molesworth:
England,
2851-2852 (2777-2778).

E. Schuyler:
American Diplomacy,
675-676 (652-653).

16. ALLIANCE WITH SARDINIA;
WAR WITH AUSTRIA
(A. D. 1859):

J. W. Probyn:
Italy,
1815-1890, 1903-1905 (1863-1855).

H. Murdock:
The Reconstruction of Europe,
1905-1906 (1865-1866).

17. WITH THE ENGLISH IN CHINA
(A. D. 1856-1860):

J. McCarthy:
Our Own Times,
439-441 (425-427).

18. THE COBDEN-CHEVALIER COMMERCIAL TREATY
(A. D. 1860):

C. F. Bastable:
The Commerce of Nations,
3161 (3077).

L. Levi:
Treaties of Commerce,
3161-3162 (3077-3078).

19. THE FRENCH IN MEXICO
(A. D. 1861-1867):

A. H. Noll:
History of Mexico,
2221, first column (2177).

J. McCarthy:
History of Our Own Times,
2221-2222 (2177-2178).

20. FRENCH WITHDRAWAL FROM ROME:

G. S. Godkin:
Victor Emmanuel II.,
1906-1908 (1866-1868).

J. Marriott:
Modern Italy,
1908-1909 (1868-1869).

21. DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST PRUSSIA
(A. D. 1870):

E. B. Washburne:
Recollections,
1413 (1380-1381).

W. Maurenbrecher:
The German Empire,
1413-1414.

22. DISASTERS OF THE WAR;
SEDAN:

W. Müller:
Political History,
1414-1415 (1381-1382).

G. Hooper:
Campaign of Sedan,
1415 (1382).

W. O’C. Morris:
Sedan,
1415-1416 (1382-1383).

H. M. Hozier:
Franco Prussian War,
1416-1417 (1383-1384).

E. W. Latimer:
France in the 19th Century,
1418 (1384-1385).

German Official Account,
1418 (1385).

23. COLLAPSE OF THE EMPIRE
(A. D. 1870):

H. Vizetelly:
Paris in Peril,
1418-1419 (1385-1386).

E. Simon:
Emperor William,
1419-1420 (1386-1387).

24. CAPITULATION OF PARIS;
TREATY OF FRANKFORT
(A. D. 1871):

C. A. Fyffe:
Modern Europe,
1420-1422 (1387-1389).

H. Murdock:
Reconstruction of Europe,
1422 (1389).

C. Lowe:
Prince Bismarck,
1422-1423 (1389-1390).

25. THE COMMUNE;
SECOND SIEGE OF PARIS
(A. D. 1871):

H. Martin:
History of France,
1423-1424 (1390-1391).

G. L. Dickinson:
Revolution and Reaction,
1424-1425 (1391-1392).

26. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC
(A. D. 1871-1876):

P. de Rémusat:
Thiers,
1425 (1392).

G. M. Towle:
Modern France,
1425-1427 (1392-1394).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1129 (1101).

Text of the Constitution of the Third Republic,
558-567 (538-547).

27. STRENGTHENING OF CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
(A. D. 1875-1889):

V. Duruy:
History of France,
1427-1429 (1394-1396).

The Assassination of President Carnot,
1429 (1396).

Census of the Republic (1896),
Volume VI., 225.

28. CONQUESTS IN COCHIN-CHINA:

V. Duruy:
History of France,
1428 (1395).

A. H. Keane:
Eastern Geography,
3201 (3115).

É. Reclus:
Asia,
3201-3202 (3115-3116).

29. THE PANAMA CANAL SCANDAL:

L. F. Vernon-Harcourt:
Achievements in Engineering,
2474 (2415).

Quarterly Register of Current History,
2475 (2416).

P. de Coubertin:
The Evolution of France,
2475 (2416).

30. THE DREYFUS AFFAIR:

Sir G. Lushington:
Full detailed Review,
Volume VI., 225-233.

31. THE REGULATION OF RELIGIOUS ORDERS
(A. D. 1901):

M. Waldeck-Rousseau:
A Bill on Associations,
Volume VI., 236-238.

{796}

Text of the Principal Sections of the Bill,
Volume VI., 238.

Closing of unauthorized Schools,
Volume VII., 275.

32. SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
(A. D. 1905-1907):

J. Legrand:
Church and State in France,
Volume VII., 275-276.

J. A. Bain:
The New Reformation,
Volume VII., 276-277.

R. Wallier:
Le Vingtième Siècle Politique,
Volume VII., 277-278.

F. W. Parsons:
Separation of Church and State,
Volume VII., 278-279.

O. Guerlac:
Separation of Church and State,
Volume VII., 281-282.

J. F. Boyd:
French Ecclesiastical Revolution,
Volume VII., 282-283.

S. Dewey:
The Year [1906] in France,
Volume VII., 283.

F. Klein:
Present Difficulties of the Church,
Volume VII., 284.

Papal Encyclical Vehementer Nos,
Volume VII., 472-474.

33. THE MOROCCO QUESTION;
CONFERENCE AT ALGECIRAS
(A. D. 1904-1906):

Text of the Anglo-French Agreements of 1904,
Volume VII., 249-250.

A. Tardieu:
France and the Alliances,
Volume VII., 249, 252-253.

British Parliamentary Paper
(Cd. 1952, April, 1904), 251-252.

W. C. Dreher:
The Year [1906] in Germany,
Volume VII., 253.

B. Meakin:
The Algeciras Conference,
Volume VII., 254.

34. POLITICAL PARTIES IN FRANCE
(A. D. 1906-1909):

R. Dell:
France, England and Mr. Bodley,
Volume VII., 280.

S. Dewey:
The Year [1906] in France,
Volume VII., 281.

35. LABOR ORGANIZATION IN FRANCE:

The London Times:
The Syndicalist Movement,
Volume VII., 376-378.

The London Times:
Strike of Government Employés (1909),
378-380.

STUDY XLIV.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

GERMANY.

1. IN ROMAN TIMES (B. C. 12-A. D. 752):

Tacitus:
Germany,
1462-1463 (1429-1430).

C. Merivale:
History of the Romans,
1463-1464 (1430-1431).

T. Smith:
Arminius,
1464-1465 (1431-1432).

T. Mommsen:
History of Rome,
42 (35).

W. C. Perry:
The Franks,
1430-1431 (1397-1398), 1432-1433 (1399-1400).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1043-1044 (1015-1016).

J. B. Bury:
The Later Roman Empire,
2805 (2731).

E. A. Freeman:
Chief Periods, European History,
2805-2806 (2731-2732).

F. P. Guizot:
History of Civilization,
2806 (2732).

G. B. Adams:
Civilization, Middle Ages,
2807 (2733).

2. MEDIÆVAL GERMANY; CHARLEMAGNE’S EMPIRE, AND AFTER
(A. D. 768-).

R. W. Church:
Beginnings of the Middle Ages,
1434 (1401).

E. Emerton:
Introduction to the Middle Ages,
1434-1435 (1401-1402).

J. Bryce:
The Holy Roman Empire,
1435 (1402), 1436-1438 (1403-1405).

H. H. Milman:
History of Latin Christianity,
1468 (1437).

E. A. Freeman:
Historical Geography of Europe,
1469 (1438).

H. Hallam:
The Middle Ages,
1470 (1439), 1481 (1448).

L. von Ranke:
Reformation in Germany,
1471-1472 (1440-1441).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1050 (1022), 1053-1055 (1025-1027).

M. Creighton:
History of the Papacy,
2492-2493 (2432-2433).

I. Jastrow:
Geschichte des deutschen Einheitstraumes,
1477-1478 (1445).

U. Balzani:
The Popes and the Hohenstaufen,
1478 (1445).

O. Browning:
Guelphs and Ghibellines,
1478-1479 (1445-1446).

E. A. Freeman:
Sketch of European History,
1479 (1446).

E. A. Freeman:
Emperor Frederick II.,
1479-1480 (1446-1447).

3. UNDER THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA
(A. D. 1272-1519):

J. Bryce:
The Holy Roman Empire,
1481-1482 (1448-1449).

W. Coxe:
The House of Austria,
206 (199).

Sir R. Comyn:
History of Western Empire,
206-207 (199-200),
1482-1483 (1449-1450).

V. Duruy:
History of the Middle Ages,
208 (201).

H. Hallam:
The Middle Ages,
1485-1486 (1452-1453).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1083-1084 (1055-1056).

L. von Ranke:
Latin and Teutonic Nations,
210-212 (203-205).

T. H. Dyer:
History of Modern Europe,
1490-1491 (1457-1458).

4. RISE OF BRANDENBURG AND PRUSSIA;
THE HOHENZOLLERNS
(A. D. 1142-1688):

T. Carlyle:
Friedrich II., called the Great,
316-317 (306-307), 1696 (1657).

H. Tuttle:
History of Prussia,
317-318 (307-308).

L. von Ranke:
House of Brandenburg,
1486-1487 (1453-1454).

C. F. Johnstone:
Historical Abstracts,
318 (308).

G. B. Malleson:
Battle-fields of Germany,
319-320 (309-310).

5. LUTHER AND THE REFORMATION
(A. D. 1517-1600):

See Study XXIV.

6. THE THIRTY YEARS WAR
(A. D. 1618-1648):

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1099-1101 (1071-1073).

G. B. Malleson:
Battle-fields of Germany,
1504-1505 (1471-1472).

J. Mitchell:
Life of Wallenstein,
1505-1506 (1472-1473).

C. T. Lewis:
History of Germany,
1507-1508 (1474-1475).

F. Schiller:
The Thirty Years War,
1508 (1475).

R. C. Trench:
Gustavus Adolphus,
1517-1518 (1484-1485).

A. Gindely:
The Thirty Years War,
1518-1519 (1485-1486)

H. von Treitschke:
Deutsche Geschichte,
1521-1522.

{797}

7. WARS OF THE 18TH CENTURY;
FREDERICK THE GREAT
(A. D. 1701-1763):

Lord Macaulay:
Essays,
1524 (1490).

H. von Sybel:
Founding of the German Empire,
1525 (1491).

(a) War of the Spanish Succession.

Lord Macaulay:
Essays,
3073 (2992).

C. W. Koch:
Revolutions of Europe,
3073-3074 (2992-2993).

W. Russell:
History of Modern Europe,
3712-3713 (3592-3593).

(b) War of the Austrian Succession.

W. Coxe:
The House of Austria,
218-219 (211-212).

Lord Mahon:
History of England,
219 (212).

Frederick the Great:
My Own Times,
220 (213).

Lord Macaulay:
Essays,
220-221 (213-214).

T. Carlyle:
Friedrich II.,
221 (214).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1113 (1085).

(c) The Seven Years War.

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
951-952 (924-925), 2975 (2898).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1114-1115 (1086-1087).

T. Carlyle:
Friedrich II.,
2975-2976 (2898-2899).

Friedrich II.:
Posthumous Works,
2976 (2899).

8. STRUGGLES WITH REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE AND NAPOLEON
(A. D. 1792-1814):

C. E. Mallet:
The French Revolution,
228-229 (221-222).

R. Lodge:
History of Modern Europe,
1308 (1275).

A. Griffiths:
French Revolutionary Generals,
1308-1309 (1275-1276).

C. A. Fyffe:
Modern Europe,
1316-1317 (1283-1284).

A. Alison:
Europe,
1324 (1291).

T. H. Dyer:
Modern Europe,
1341-1342 (1308-1309).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1120-1121 (1092-1093).

A. Weir:
Historical Basis of Modern Europe,
229-231 (222-224).

C. A. Fyffe:
Modern Europe,
1541-1542 (1507-1508).

J. G. Lockhart:
Life of Napoleon,
1542-1544 (1510).

J. R. Seeley:
Life and Times of Stein,
1548 (1514).

J. R. Seeley:
Prussian History,
1548-1549 (1514-1515).

9. THE TEUTONIC AWAKENING:

J. R. Seeley:
Life of Stein,
1549-1551 (1515-1517).

H. Martin:
History of France,
1555-1556 (1521-1522).

W. Menzel:
History of Germany,
1556 (1522).

10. THE GERMANIC CONFEDERATION
(A. D. 1814-1820):

C. A. Fyffe:
Modern Europe,
3745-3747 (3624-3626).

R. Lodge:
Modern Europe,
3747 (3626).

M. E. G. Duff:
European Politics,
1565-1566 (1531-1532).

11. TENDENCIES TOWARD UNION;
THE ZOLLVEREIN:

G. Krause:
Growth of German Unity,
1566 (1532).

Bruno-Gebhart:
German History,
1566 (3775).

W. Maurenbrecher:
The German Empire,
1567 (3775).

The Edinburgh Review:
The Zollverein,
3155-3156 (3071-3072).

12. REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS
(A. D. 1848):

B. Taylor:
History of Germany,
1567-1568 (1532-1533).

E. S. Cayley:
Revolutions of 1848,
1568-1569 (1534).

J. Sime:
History of Germany,
235 (228).

J. H. Rose:
Century of Continental History,
235-237 (228-230).

E. L. Godkin:
History of Hungary,
1722 (1683-1685).

C. M. Yonge:
Landmarks of History,
1724 (1685).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1126-1127 (1098-1099).

13. REACTION;
FAILURE OF MOVEMENT FOR UNITY
(A. D. 1848-1850):

W. Müller:
Political History,
1569-1571 (1534-1536).

T. S. Fay:
The Three Germanys,
1571-1572 (1537).

F. H. Geffcken:
Unity of Germany,
237 (230).

M. E. G. Duff:
European Politics,
237-238 (231).

14. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION
(A. D. 1848-1862):

S. Walpole:
Life of Lord John Russell,
2908-2909 (2833-2834).

Sir A. Alison:
History of Europe,
2909 (2834).

15. WILLIAM I. AND BISMARCK;
"BLOOD AND IRON"
(A. D. 1861):

W. Maurenbrecher:
Founding of the German State,
1572-1573 (3777-3779).

A. Forbes:
William of Germany,
1574-1575 (1539).

"It is a fact, the great self-assertion of individuality among
us makes constitutional government very hard in Prussia. … We
are perhaps too ‘cultured’ to tolerate a constitution; we are
too critical; the ability to pass judgment on measures of the
government or acts of the legislature is too universal; there
is a large number of ‘Catilinarian Characters’ in the land
whose chief interest is in revolutions. People are too
sensitive about the faults of government. … Our blood is too
hot, we are fond of wearing an armor too large for our small
body; now let us utilize it. … Prussia must consolidate its
might and hold it together for the favorable moment, which has
been allowed to pass unheeded several times. Prussia’s
boundaries, as determined by the Congress of Vienna, are not
conducive to its wholesome existence as a sovereign state. Not
by speeches and resolutions of majorities the mighty problems
of the age are solved—that was the mistake of 1848 and
1849—but by Blood and Iron."
BISMARCK.

16. FORMATION OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY
(A. D. 1862-1864):

L. J. Huff;
Ferdinand Lasalle,
3027-3028 (2950).

R. T. Ely:
French and German Socialism,
3028 (2950).

17. THE SEVEN WEEKS WAR
(A. D. 1866):

S. Baring-Gould:
Story of Germany,
239 (232).

W. Zimmermann:
History of Germany,
1577 (1541).

H. von Sybel:
Founding of the German Empire
1577 (1541).

J. N. Larned:
Europe,
1128-1129 (1100-1001).

18. COMPLETION OF GERMANIC CONFEDERATION
(A. D. 1866-1870):

G. Krause:
Growth of German Unity,
1577-1579 (1541-1543).

E. Simon:
The Emperor William,
1579 (1543).

19. "THE HOHENZOLLERN INCIDENT";
WAR WITH FRANCE
(A. D. 1870)

E. B. Washburne:
Recollections,
1413 (1380-1381).

W. Maurenbrecher:
Founding of the German State,
1413-1414.

W. Müller:
Political History,
1414-1415 (1381-1382).

W. O’C. Morris:
Campaign of Sedan,
1415-1416 (1382-1383).

H. M. Hozier:
Franco-Prussian War,
1416-1417 (1383-1384).

E. W. Latimer:
France in the 19th Century,
1417-1418 (1384-1385).

C. A. Fyffe:
Modern History,
1420-1422 (1387-1389).

H. Murdock:
Reconstruction of Europe,
1422 (1389).

C. Lowe:
Prince Bismarck,
1422-1423 (1389-1390).

20. KING WILLIAM BECOMES EMPEROR
(A. D. 1871):

A. Forbes:
William of Germany,
1579-1580 (1544).

R. Rodd:
Frederick, Crown Prince,
1580 (1544).

21. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE NEW EMPIRE:

Proclamation by the Emperor,
April 16, 1871,
1580 (1544).

Text of the Constitution,
567-575 (547-554).

{798}

22. ESTABLISHMENT OF UNIFORM GOLD COINAGE
(A. D. 1871-1873):

J. L. Laughlin:
History of Bimetallism,
2264-2265 (2220-2221).

23. GOVERNMENT OF ALSACE-LORRAINE:

C. Lowe:
Prince Bismarck,
1580-1581 (1544-1545).

24. THE CULTURKAMPF:

J.N. Murphy:
The Chair of Peter,
1581-1582 (1546).

S. Baring-Gould:
Germany,
1582 (1546).

C. Bulle:
History of Our Time,
2542-2543 (3779-3791).

The Political Speeches of Prince Bismarck,
2543-2546 (3781-3784).

"There is therefore great importance for the German Empire in
the character that is given to our diplomatic relations with
the head of the Roman Church, wielding, as he does, an
influence in this country unusually extensive for a foreign
potentate. I scarcely believe, considering the spirit dominant
at present in the leading circles of the Catholic Church, that
any Ambassador of the German Empire could succeed … by
persuasion in exerting an influence to bring about a
modification of the position assumed by His Holiness the Pope
toward things secular. The dogmas of the Catholic Church
recently announced and publicly promulgated make it impossible
for any secular power to come to an understanding with the
Church without its own effacement, which the German Empire, at
least, cannot accept. Have no fear; we shall not go to
Canossa, either in body or in spirit."
BISMARCK.

25. ADOPTION OF THE PROTECTIVE POLICY:

H. Villard:
German Tariff Policy,
3162-3163 (3079).

C. F. Bastable:
Commerce of Nations,
3166 (3082).

26. INCREASING STRENGTH OF SOCIALISTIC PARTIES:

É. de Laveleye:
Socialism of To-day,
3031-3032 (2953-2954).

R. T. Ely:
French and German Socialism,
3032 (2954).

J. Rae:
Contemporary Socialism,
3032 (2954).

W. H. Dawson:
German Socialism,
3032-3033 (2955).

W. H. Dawson:
Bismarck and State Socialism,
3033-3034 (2955-2956).

27. ACCESSION OF WILLIAM II. (A. D. 1888);
RUPTURE WITH BISMARCK:

The Times:
Eminent Persons,
1582 (1546).

Fortnightly Review:
Change of Government in Germany,
1583 (1547).

Hans Blum:
The German Empire,
1583-1584 (1548).

28. GERMAN COLONIZATION IN AFRICA:

A. S. White:
Development of Africa,
21-23 (19).

29. ORGANIZATION OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE:

I. Jastrow:
Geschichte des deutschen Einheitstraumes,
1584-1586 (3785-3787).

Diplomatic Reports:
Tariff Changes,
Volume VI., 239-240;
Volume VII., 639-640.

30. THE EMPEROR AND THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATS
(A. D. 1894-1895).

Speeches of the Emperor,
Volume VI., 240-241.

"You have, my children, sworn allegiance to me. That means
that you have given yourselves to me body and soul. You have
only one enemy, and that is my enemy. With the present
socialist agitation, I may order you—which God forbid!—to
shoot down your brothers, and even your parents, and then you
must obey me without a murmur."
THE EMPEROR, TO THE FOOT GUARDS.

"Even the word 'opposition' has reached my ears. Gentlemen, an
Opposition of Prussian noblemen, directed against their King,
is a monstrosity. … I, in my turn, like my imperial
grandfather, hold my Kingship as by the grace of God. … To
you, gentlemen, I address my summons to the fight for
religion, morality, and order against the parties of
revolution. Even as the ivy winds round the gnarled oak, and,
while adorning it with its leaves, protects it when storms are
raging through its topmost branches, so does the nobility of
Prussia close round my house. May it, and with it, the whole
nobility of the German nation, become a brilliant example to
those sections of the people who still hesitate. Let us enter
into this struggle together. Forward with God, and dishonor to
him who deserts his King."
EMPEROR WILLIAM II.

31. THE KAISER WILHELM SHIP CANAL:

United States Consular Reports,
Volume VI., 241.

32. THE AGRARIAN PROTECTIONISTS:

Annual Register,
Volume VI., 242.

T. Barth:
Political Germany,
Volume VI., 242-243.

United States Consular Reports Sugar Bounties,
Volume VI., 243,
Volume VII., 635.

33. GERMAN ACTION IN CHINA (A. D. 1897-):

Naval Expeditions to China,
Volume VI., 244.

United States Bureau of Statistics.
Seizure of Kiao-Chau,
Volume VI., 80.

Great Britain,
Papers by Command,
Vol VI., 80-81, 85.

34. STATE SYSTEM OF WORKINGMEN’S INSURANCE
(A. D. 1897-):

United States Consular Reports, etc.:
Volume VI. 244-245;
Volume VII., 396, 509-11.

35. FOREIGN INTERESTS OF THE GERMAN PEOPLE:

United States Consular Reports, 1899:
Volume VI., 247.

36. GERMAN COLONIES AND COLONIAL POLICY:

Great Britain, Papers by Command,
Volume VI., 248.

W. C. Dreher:
The Year [1907] in Germany,
Volume VII., 290-291.

37. INTRODUCTION OF THE CIVIL CODE
(A. D. 1900):

R. Sohm:
The Civil Code of Germany,
Volume VI., 248-249.

38. CENSUS AND STATISTICS OF THE EMPIRE
(A. D. 1900-1907):

W. C. Dreher:
Atlantic Monthly,
Volume VI., 251-252

World’s Work,
Volume VI., 252.

London Times,
Volume VII., 292.

39. GERMANIZING THE POLISH PROVINCES:

E. Givskov:
Germany and her Subjected Races,
Volume VII., 288-289.

R. Blennerhassett.
The Polish Question,
Volume VII., 293-294.

40. PRESENT POLITICAL PARTIES; THE SOCIALISTS:

E. Sellers:
August Bebel,
Volume VII., 289.

Election Reports, 1907, 1909,
Volume VII., 291, 297.

41. CHANCELLOR BÜLOW’S "BLOC":

The occasion of the "Bloc,"
Volume VII., 290-292.

The Breaking of the "Bloc,"
Volume VII., 295-297.

42. THE MOROCCO QUESTION:

The Kaiser’s Speech at Tangier, and after,
Volume VII., 252-255.

43. THE TRIALS OF EDITOR HARDEN:

The Outlook:
Summary of Facts.
Volume VII., 292-293.

44. EMPEROR’S INTERVIEW WITH AN ENGLISHMAN:

Digest of Press reports,
Volume VII., 294-5.

45. BUILDING OF DREADNOUGHTS;
THE NAVAL PROGRAMME:

British Parliament:
Debate;
Volume VII., 701-703.

German Reichstag:
Speeches,
Volume VII., 705.

{799}

STUDY XLV.
Page references in first 1895 edition in parentheses.

THE UNITED STATES FROM COMPROMISE OF 1850 TO CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR.

1. SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
(A. D. 1852):

A. Johnston:
American Politics,
3507 (3391).

G. E. Baker:
W. H. Seward,
3507-3508 (3391-3392).

E. Stanwood:
Presidential Elections,
3508 (3392).

2. APPEARANCE OF UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
(A. D. 1852):

J. F. Rhodes:
History of the United States,
3508 (3392).

C. F. Briggs:
Uncle Tomitudes,
3508-3509 (3392-3393).

Mrs. F. T. McCray:
Uncle Tom's Cabin,
3509 (3393).

"It is but nine months since this Iliad of the blacks, as an
English reviewer calls 'Uncle Tom,' made its appearance among
books, and already its sale has exceeded a million of copies;
author and publisher have made fortunes out of it, and Mrs.
Stowe, who was before unknown, is as familiar a name in all
parts of the civilized world as that of Homer or Shakespeare.
… The book was published on the 20th of last March … and the
publishers have paid to the author $20,300 as her share of the
profits on the actual cash sales for the first nine months.
But it is in England where Uncle Tom has made his deepest
mark. … We know of twenty rival editions in England and
Scotland, and that millions of copies have been produced. …
Uncle Tom was not long in making his way across the British
Channel, and four rival editions are claiming the attention of
the Parisians, one under the title of ‘le Père Tom,’ and
another ‘la Case de l’Oncle Tom.’"
C. F. BRIGGS, IN PUTNAM'S MAGAZINE, JANUARY, 1853.