Chapter III: Miscellaneous Tables and Charts (1)

(Biographical Chart only included in Single Volume Edition.)

=THE WORLD’S IMMORTALS AND MASTERS OF ACHIEVEMENT IN RELIGION, GOVERNMENT, LITERATURE, FINE ARTS, PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY--TABULATED BY CENTURIES AND CLASSIFIED=

NOTE--The names of the world’s _greatest_ masters are set out in
CAPITALS in the respective columns. In general the names are placed
in the centuries associated with the greatest achievements of each
individual.

+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| =Cen-|=Religion and Moral | =Government= | =Literature= |
| tu- | Reform= | | |
| ries=| | | |
| |Founders of Systems,| Rulers, Military | Poets, Dramatists, |
| |Great Leaders, Heads| Leaders, Statesmen,|Historians, Orators,|
| |of Religious Bodies,| Publicists, |Essayists, Novelists|
| | Moral and Humane | Diplomats, Jurists | |
| | Reformers | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| =4000|Abraham, Heb. |Menes, Egyptian |Literature existed |
| B. C.|patriarch. |king. |in mere fragments |
| to | | |until the time of |
| 1000 |MOSES, Heb. lawgiver|Lugulzaggisi, Baby- |Homer. |
|B. C.=|and leader. |lonian ruler. | |
| | | |HOMER, Greek poet. |
| |Samuel, Heb. judge |Sargon I., Babylo- |Ptah-hot-ep, Egypt, |
| |and leader. |nian king. |moralist. |
| | | | |
| |ZOROASTER, Persian |Hammurabi, Babylo- | |
| |religious leader and|nian ruler and law- | |
| |reformer. |giver. | |
| | | | |
| | |Khufu (Cheops), | |
| | |Egyptian king. | |
| | | | |
| | |Thothmes I., Egyp- | |
| | |tian king. | |
| | | | |
| | |Thothmes III., | |
| | |Egyptian king and | |
| | |reformer. | |
| | | | |
| | |Rameses II. | |
| | |(Sesostris), Egyp- | |
| | |tian king. | |
| | | | |
| | |Amenhotep IV., Egyp-| |
| | |tian king. | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| =1000|Isaiah, Hebrew |David, Hebrew king |... |
| B. C.|prophet (8th century|and poet (10th | |
| to |B. C.) |century B. C.) | |
| 700 | | | |
|B. C.=| |Solomon, Hebrew king| |
| | |(10th century B. C.)| |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _7th |Jeremiah, Hebrew |Josiah, king of |Sappho, Greek |
| Cent.|prophet. |Judah. |poetess. |
|B. C._| | | |
| |Daniel, Hebrew |Cyaxeres, king of | |
| =700 |prophet. |Media. | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | |Draco, Greek legis- | |
| 600 | |lator. | |
|B. C.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _6th |Ezekiel, Hebrew |Nebuchadnezzar, |Æesop, Greek |
| Cent.|prophet. |king of Babylonia. |fabulist. |
|B. C._| | | |
| |CONFUCIUS, Chinese |Solon, Greek law- |Anacreon, Greek |
| =600 |moralist. |giver. |poet. |
| B. C.| | | |
| to |BUDDHA, founder of |Pisistratus, tyrant |ÆSCHYLUS, Greek |
| 500 |Buddhism. |of Athens. |poet. |
|B. C.=| | | |
| | |Croesus, king of | |
| | |Lydia. | |
| | | | |
| | |Cyrus the Great, | |
| | |Persian king. | |
| | | | |
| | |Darius I., king of | |
| | |Persia. | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _5th |... |Xerxes, king of |Pindar, Greek poet. |
| Cent.| |Persia. | |
|B. C._| | |Xenophon, Greek |
| | |Hiero, tyrant of |historian. |
| =500 | |Syracuse. | |
| B. C.| | |HERODOTUS, Greek |
| to | |Artaxerxes I., king |historian. |
| 400 | |of Persia. | |
|B. C.=| | |Euripides, Greek |
| | |Artaxerxes II., king|poet. |
| | |of Persia. | |
| | | |SOPHOCLES, Greek |
| | |Miltiades, Greek |poet. |
| | |general. | |
| | | |Thucydides, Greek |
| | |PERICLES, Greek |historian. |
| | |statesman. | |
| | | |Aristophanes, Greek |
| | |Cimon, Greek comman-|humorist. |
| | |der. | |
| | | | |
| | |Themistocles, Greek | |
| | |statesman. | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _4th |... |Philip, king of |DEMOSTHENES, Greek |
| Cent.| |Macedon. |orator. |
|B. C._| | | |
| | |ALEXANDER THE GREAT,|Æschines, Greek ora-|
| =400 | |Greek conqueror. |tor. |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | |Ptolemy Soter, |Menander, Greek |
| 300 | |governor of Egypt. |comic poet. |
|B. C.=| | | |
| | |Seleucus Nicator, | |
| | |king of Syria. | |
| | | | |
| | |Epiminondas, Greek | |
| | |statesman and | |
| | |general. | |
| | | | |
| | |Phocion, Greek | |
| | |general. | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _3rd |... |Pyrrhus, Greek king |Plautus, Roman comic|
| Cent.| |of Epirus. |poet. |
|B. C._| | | |
| | |Ptolemy (Phil), king|Ennius, Roman poet. |
| =300 | |of Egypt. | |
| B. C.| | |Manetho, Egyptian |
| to | |Antiochus Soter, |historian. |
| 200 | |king of Syria. | |
|B. C.=| | |Bion, Greek poet. |
| | |Ptolemy (Ever.), | |
| | |king of Egypt. | |
| | | | |
| | |Antiochus the Great,| |
| | |king of Syria. | |
| | | | |
| | |Scipio Africanus, | |
| | |Roman general. | |
| | | | |
| | |Fabius Maximus, | |
| | |Roman general. | |
| | | | |
| | |Philopœmen, Greek | |
| | |general. | |
| | | | |
| | |HANNIBAL, Carthagi- | |
| | |nian general. | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _2nd |... |Judas Maccabæus, |Cato, Roman histo- |
| Cent.| |Jewish leader. |rian. |
|B. C._| | | |
| | |Marius, Roman |Terence, Roman comic|
| =200 | |general. |writer. |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | |Sulla, Roman |Polybius, Greek his-|
| 100 | |general, dictator. |torian. |
|B. C.=| | | |
| | |Cato, Roman censor. | |
| | | | |
| | |Mummius, Roman | |
| | |general. | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _1st |=JESUS CHRIST=, born|Mithridates the |CICERO, Roman ora- |
| Cent.|4 B. C. |Great, king of |tor. |
|B. C._| |Pontus. | |
| | | |Cæsar, Roman histo- |
| =100 | |Cleopatra, queen of |rian. |
| B. C.| |Egypt. | |
| to | | |Lucretius, Roman |
| 1 | |Herod the Great, |poet-philosopher. |
|A. D.=| |king of Judæa. | |
| | | |Catullus, Roman |
| | |Tigranes I., king of|lyric poet. |
| | |Armenia. | |
| | | |Sallust, Roman his- |
| | |Augustus, first |torian. |
| | |Roman emperor. | |
| | | |VIRGIL, Roman epic |
| | |JULIUS CÆSAR, Roman |poet. |
| | |general. | |
| | | |Horace, Roman lyric |
| | |Pompey, Roman |poet. |
| | |general. | |
| | | |Livy, Roman histo- |
| | | |rian. |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _1st |Saint Peter, apostle|AUGUSTUS CÆSAR, |LIVY (Titus Livius),|
| Cent.|(?-66). |first emperor of |Roman historian (59 |
|A. D._| |Rome (B. C. 63-A. D.|B. C.-17 A. D.). |
| |SAINT PAUL, apostle |14). | |
| =1 |of the Gentiles | |CAIUS CORNELIUS |
| A. D.|(10?-65?). | |TACITUS, Roman his- |
| to | | |torian (55?-after |
| 100 | | |117?). |
|A. D.=| | | |
| | | |PLUTARCH, Greek bio-|
| | | |grapher and moralist|
| | | |(49?-120?). |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _2nd |... |MARCUS AURELIUS |Lucian, Greek author|
| Cent.| |ANTONINUS, Roman |(120?-200) |
|A. D._| |emperor and philos- | |
| | |opher (121-180). | |
| =100 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 200 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _3rd |... |CONSTANTINE I., the |... |
| Cent.| |Great, emperor of | |
|A. D._| |Rome (272-337). | |
| | | | |
| =200 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 300 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _4th |Sophronius Eusebius |... |... |
| Cent.|Jerome, Latin father| | |
|A. D._|(345?-420). | | |
| | | | |
| =300 |SAINT AUGUSTINE, | | |
| A. D.|Numidian bishop of | | |
| to |Hippo (354-430). | | |
| 400 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _5th |... |JUSTINIAN I., Byzan-|... |
| Cent.| |tine emperor (482?- | |
|A. D._| |565). | |
| | | | |
| =400 | | | |
|A. D. | | | |
| to | | | |
| 500 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _6th |MOHAMMED, founder of|... |... |
| Cent.|Mohammedanism (571?-| | |
|A. D._|632). | | |
| | | | |
| =500 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 600 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _7th |... |Heraclius, Byzantine|... |
| Cent.| |emperor (reigned | |
|A. D._| |610-641). | |
| | | | |
| =600 | |Abu-Bekr, first | |
| A. D.| |caliph of Mecca | |
| to | |(571?-635). | |
| 700 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _8th |... |HAROUN AL-RASHID, |Bede, the Venerable,|
| Cent.| |caliph of Bagdad |English monk and ec-|
|A. D._| |(reigned 786-809). |clesiastical histo- |
| | | |rian (672?-735?). |
| =700 | |CHARLEMAGNE, or | |
| A. D.| |Charles I., emperor |Flaccus Albinus |
| to | |of the West and king|Alcuin, English |
| 800 | |of France (742-814).|theologian (725?- |
|A. D.=| | |804). |
| | |Pepin, Le Bref (the | |
| | |Short), king of the | |
| | |Franks (714?-768). | |
| | | | |
| | |CHARLES MARTEL, duke| |
| | |of Austrasia (694- | |
| | |741). | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _9th |... |ALFRED THE GREAT, |... |
| Cent.| |king of the West | |
|A. D._| |Saxons (849?-901). | |
| | | | |
| =800 | |AL-MAMUN, or Al- | |
| A. D.| |Mamoun, caliph of | |
| to | |Bagdad, philosopher | |
| 900 | |and astronomer (786-| |
|A. D.=| |833). | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _10th|... |HUGH CAPET, king of |Firdusi, Persian |
| Cent.| |France (940?-996). |poet (died 1020). |
|A. D._| | | |
| | |OTHO I., THE GREAT, | |
| =900 | |emperor of Germany | |
| A. D.| |(912-973). | |
| to | | | |
| 1000 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _11th|GREGORY VII., pope |WILLIAM I., THE CON-|... |
| Cent.|(1018?-1085). |QUEROR, king of En- | |
|A. D._| |gland (1027-1087). | |
| | | | |
| =1000| | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 1100 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _12th|SAINT BERNARD, |Richard I., Cœur de |William of Malmes- |
| Cent.|French ecclesiastic |Lion, king of En- |bury, English histo-|
|A. D._|(1091-1153). |gland (1157-1199). |rian (1095?-1143). |
| | | | |
| =1100|Thomas à Becket, |Frederick I., Barba-| |
| A. D.|archbishop of |rossa, emperor of | |
| to |Canterbury (1117- |Germany (1121-1190).| |
| 1200 |1170). | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
| |Peter Lombard, | | |
| |Italian theologian | | |
| |(1100?-1160?). | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _13th|SAINT FRANCIS OF |Genghis Khan, Mogul |DEGLI ALIGHIERI |
| Cent.|ASSISI, Italian |conqueror (1163- |DANTE, Italian poet |
|A. D._|friar (1182-1226). |1227). |(1265-1321). |
| | | | |
| =1200|Saint Dominic, or |Simon de Montfort, | |
| A. D.|Domingo de Gusman, |Earl of Leicester | |
| to |Spanish founder of |(1200?-1265). | |
| 1300 |the order of Domini-| | |
|A. D.=|cans (1170-1221). |LOUIS IX., Saint | |
| | |Louis, king of | |
| | |France (1215-1270). | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| =Cen-| =Fine Arts= | =Philosophy and | =Science and |
| tu- | | Education= | Industry= |
| ries=| | | |
| | Architects, | Philosophers, |Inventors, Discover-|
| |Sculptors, Painters,| Educators, | ers, Engineers, |
| | Musicians | Psychologists, | Naturalists, Physi-|
| | |Moralists, Logicians| cists, Mathemati- |
| | | | cians, Chemists, |
| | | | Physicians, |
| | | | Biologists |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| =4000|Early architecture, |Philosophy had its |Astronomy was the |
| B. C.|sculpture and paint-|rise among the Egyp-|first science culti-|
| to |ing made notable ad-|tians and Hindus, |vated in the world. |
| 1000 |vances under Babylo-|followed by the |It was known to the |
|B. C.=|nians, Assyrians, |Greeks. |Babylonians, Assyri-|
| |Egyptians and | |ans, Egyptians, |
| |Hindus; but no great| |Greeks and Chinese. |
| |individual names | | |
| |were connected with | | |
| |it until the time of| | |
| |the Greeks. | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| =1000|... |... |... |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 700 | | | |
|B. C.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _7th |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|B. C._| | | |
| | | | |
| =700 | | | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 600 | | | |
|B. C.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _6th |... |Thales, Greek phi- |... |
| Cent.| |losopher. | |
|B. C._| | | |
| | |Pythagoras, Greek | |
| =600 | |philosopher. | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 500 | | | |
|B. C.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _5th |Zeuxis, Greek |SOCRATES, Greek phi-|Hippocrates, Greek |
| Cent.|painter. |losopher. |physician. |
|B. C._| | | |
| |PHIDIAS, Greek | | |
| =500 |sculptor. | | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to |Ictinus, Greek | | |
| 400 |architect. | | |
|B. C.=| | | |
| |Polycletus, Greek | | |
| |sculptor and | | |
| |architect. | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _4th |Apelles, Greek |PLATO, Greek philos-|EUCLID, Greek geo- |
| Cent.|painter. |opher. |meter. |
|B. C._| | | |
| |Praxiteles. |ARISTOTLE, Greek | |
| =400 | |philosopher. | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 300 | | | |
|B. C.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _3rd |... |Epicurus, Greek phi-|Archimedes, Greek |
| Cent.| |losopher. |mechanician. |
|B. C._| | | |
| | |Zeno, Greek Stoic | |
| =300 | |philosopher. | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 200 | | | |
|B. C.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _2nd |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|B. C._| | | |
| | | | |
| =200 | | | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 100 | | | |
|B. C.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _1st |... |... |STRABO, Greek geo- |
| Cent.| | |grapher. |
|B. C._| | | |
| | | | |
| =100 | | | |
| B. C.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 1 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _1st |... |EPICTETUS, Roman |Pliny (Plinius), the|
| Cent.| |Stoic philosopher |elder, Roman natu- |
|A. D._| |(60-120?). |ralist (A. D. 23- |
| | | |79). |
| =1 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 100 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _2nd |... |MARCUS AURELIUS |CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY, |
| Cent.| |ANTONINUS, Roman |Græco-Egyptian as- |
|A. D._| |emperor, philosopher|tronomer, geographer|
| | |(121-180). |(2d C. A. D.). |
| =100 | | | |
| A. D.| | |Claudius Galen, |
| to | | |Roman physician and |
| 200 | | |medical author (130-|
|A. D.=| | |200?). |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _3rd |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =200 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 300 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _4th |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =300 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 400 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _5th |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =400 | | | |
|A. D. | | | |
| to | | | |
| 500 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _6th |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =500 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 600 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _7th |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =600 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 700 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _8th |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =700 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 800 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _9th |... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =800 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 900 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _10th|... |Avicenna, Mohammedan|... |
| Cent.| |physician and phi- | |
|A. D._| |losopher (980-1037).| |
| | | | |
| =900 | | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 1000 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _11th|... |... |... |
| Cent.| | | |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | | |
| =1000| | | |
| A. D.| | | |
| to | | | |
| 1100 | | | |
|A. D.=| | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _12th|... |Pierre Abelard, |... |
| Cent.| |French scholastic | |
|A. D._| |and logician (1079- | |
| | |1142). | |
| =1100| | | |
| A. D.| |Averroës, Arabian | |
| to | |philosopher and | |
| 1200 | |physician (1149?- | |
|A. D.=| |1198). | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _13th|GIOVANNI CIMABUE, |Albertus Magnus, |ROGER BACON, English|
| Cent.|father of modern |Bavarian philosopher|monk and scientist |
|A. D._|painting, Florentine|and schoolman |(1214-1294). |
| |painter (1240?- |(1193?-1280). | |
| =1200|1302?). | | |
| A. D.| |John Duns Scotus, | |
| to |Nicola Pisano, |Scotch scholastic | |
| 1300 |Italian sculptor |theologian (1265?- | |
|A. D.=|(1200?-1278). |1308). | |
| | | | |
| | |SAINT THOMAS | |
| | |AQUINAS, Italian | |
| | |scholastic philos- | |
| | |opher (1225-1274). | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+

=THE WORLD’S IMMORTALS AND MASTERS OF ACHIEVEMENT IN RELIGION, GOVERNMENT, LITERATURE, FINE ARTS, PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY--TABULATED BY CENTURIES=

+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| =Cen-| =Religion and Moral| =Fine Arts= | =Government= |
| tu- | Reform= | | |
| ries=| | | |
| |Founders of Systems,| Architects, | Rulers, Military |
| |Great Leaders, Heads|Sculptors, Painters,| Leaders, Statesmen,|
| |of Religious Bodies,| Musicians | Publicists, |
| | Moral and Humane | | Diplomats, Jurists |
| | Reformers | | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _14th|... |... |Charles V., the |
| Cent.| | |Wise, (1337-1380). |
|A. D._| | | |
| | | |John of Gaunt, duke |
| =1300| | |of Lancaster, son of|
| A. D.| | |Edward III. (1340- |
| to | | |1399). |
| 1400 | | | |
|A. D.=| | |Edward III., king of|
| | | |England (1312-1377).|
| | | | |
| | | |Tamerlane (Timur), |
| | | |Mongol conqueror |
| | | |(1336?-1405). |
| | | | |
| | | |Casimir III., the |
| | | |Great, king of |
| | | |Poland (reigned from|
| | | |1333, died 1370). |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _15th|Girolamo Savonarola,|Filippo |Jeanne d’Arc (Joan |
| Cent.|Italian religious |Brunelleschi, |of Arc), French |
|A. D._|reformer (1452- |Italian architect |heroine (1411?- |
| |1498). |and sculptor (1377- |1431). |
| =1400| |1444). | |
| A. D.| | |Cosmo I. de’ Medici,|
| to | |LEONARDO DA VINCI, |Chief of the Floren-|
| 1500 | |Florentine painter |tine Republic (1389-|
|A. D.=| |(1452-1519). |1464). |
| | | | |
| | |Bramante d’Urbino |Ferdinand V. of |
| | |(Donato Lazari), |Castile, II. of |
| | |Italian architect of|Aragon, III. of |
| | |St. Peter’s (1444- |Naples, II. of |
| | |1514). |Sicily, founder of |
| | | |the Spanish monarchy|
| | |SANDRO BOTTICELLI, |(1452-1516). |
| | |Italian painter | |
| | |(1447-1515). | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _16th|SAINT IGNATIUS DE |ALBRECHT DURER, |Hernando Cortez, |
| Cent.|LOYOLA, Spanish |German painter and |Spanish conqueror of|
|A. D._|founder of the So- |engraver (1471- |Mexico (1485-1547?).|
| |ciety of Jesus (the |1528). | |
| =1500|Jesuits) (1491- | |Thomas Wolsey, car- |
| A. D.|1556). |ANTONIO ALLEGRI DA |dinal minister of |
| to | |CORREGGIO, Italian |Henry VIII. (1471- |
| 1600 |MARTIN LUTHER, |painter (1494-1534).|1530). |
|A. D.=|leader of the German| | |
| |reformation (1483- |TITIAN, or Tiziano |Nicolo di Bernardo |
| |1546). |Vecellio, Venetian |dei Macchiavelli, |
| | |painter (1477-1576).|Italian statesman |
| |Philip Melanchthon, | |and author (1469- |
| |German Lutheran re- |RAPHAEL SANZIO, or |1527). |
| |former (1497-1560). |Santi d’Urbino, | |
| | |Italian painter |Johan van Olden |
| |Ulrich Zwingle, |(1483-1520). |Barneveldt, Dutch |
| |Swiss reformer | |statesman (1547- |
| |(1484-1531). |MICHELANGELO |1619). |
| | |BUONARROTI, Italian | |
| |JOHN CALVIN, French |painter, sculptor, |Henry VIII., king of|
| |theologian (1509- |architect and poet |England (1491-1547).|
| |1564). |(1474-1563). | |
| | | |HENRY IV., king of |
| |Jacobus Arminius, | |France and of |
| |Dutch theologian | |Navarre (1553-1610).|
| |(1560-1609). | | |
| | | |ELIZABETH, queen of |
| |John Knox, Scotch | |England (1533-1603).|
| |religious reformer | | |
| |(1505-1572). | |Francis I., king of |
| | | |France (1494-1547). |
| |Faustus Socinus, | | |
| |Italian theologian | |CHARLES V., emperor |
| |(1539-1604). | |of Germany and king |
| | | |of Spain (1500- |
| | | |1558). |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _17th|Jacques Bénigne |BARTOLOMÉ ESTÉBAN |HUGO GROTIUS, or De |
| Cent.|Bossuet, French |MURILLO, Spanish |Groot, Dutch jurist |
|A. D._|prelate, pulpit ora-|painter (1618-1682).|(1583-1645). |
| |tor, author (1627- | | |
| =1600|1704). |PAUL HARMENS |Sir Edward Coke, |
| A. D.| |REMBRANDT VAN RYN, |lord chief-justice |
| to |Cornelius Jansen, |Dutch painter (1607-|of England (1549- |
| 1700 |Dutch theologian |1669). |1634). |
|A. D.=|(1585-1638). | | |
| | |PETER PAUL RUBENS, |ARMAND JEAN |
| | |Flemish painter |DUPLESSIS DE |
| | |(1577-1640). |RICHELIEU, cardinal |
| | | |and duke, French |
| | |DIEGO RODRIGUEZ DE |statesman (1585- |
| | |SILVAY VELASQUEZ, |1642). |
| | |Spanish painter | |
| | |(1599-1660). |OLIVER CROMWELL, |
| | | |lord protector of |
| | |Sir Christopher |the English common- |
| | |Wren, English archi-|wealth (1599-1658). |
| | |tect (1632-1723). | |
| | | |Count Johann |
| | | |Tserclaes von Tilly,|
| | | |German general in |
| | | |the Thirty Years’ |
| | | |War (1559-1632). |
| | | | |
| | | |Count Albrecht |
| | | |Wenzel Eusebius von |
| | | |Wallenstein, Austri-|
| | | |an general (1583- |
| | | |1634). |
| | | | |
| | | |DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH |
| | | |(John Churchill), |
| | | |English general |
| | | |(1650-1722). |
| | | | |
| | | |WILLIAM III. (prince|
| | | |of Orange), king of |
| | | |Great Britain, |
| | | |stadtholder of the |
| | | |Netherlands (1650- |
| | | |1702). |
| | | | |
| | | |Christina, queen of |
| | | |Sweden (1626-1689). |
| | | | |
| | | |Marten Harpertzoon |
| | | |van Tromp, Dutch |
| | | |admiral (1597-1653).|
| | | | |
| | | |Vicomte Henri de la |
| | | |Tour d’Auvergne de |
| | | |Turenne, marshal of |
| | | |France (1611-1672). |
| | | | |
| | | |William Penn, En- |
| | | |glish Quaker, found-|
| | | |er of Pennsylvania |
| | | |(1644-1718). |
| | | | |
| | | |Cardinal Jules, or |
| | | |Giulio, Mazarin, |
| | | |prime minister of |
| | | |Louis XIV. (1602- |
| | | |1661). |
| | | | |
| | | |Louis II., Prince de|
| | | |Conde, French gener-|
| | | |al (1621-1686). |
| | | | |
| | | |GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, |
| | | |king of Sweden |
| | | |(1594-1632). |
| | | | |
| | | |LOUIS XIV. the |
| | | |Great, king of |
| | | |France (1638-1715). |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _18th|JOHN WESLEY, English|GEORG FRIEDRICH |PETER I. |
| Cent.|founder of Methodism|HANDEL, German |(Alexeievitch), the |
|A. D._|(1703-1791). |musical composer |Great, czar of |
| | |(1685-1759). |Russia (1672-1725). |
| =1700|JONATHAN EDWARDS, | | |
| A. D.|American theologian,|PHILIP VAN DYCK, |Charles XII., king |
| to |metaphysician (1703-|Dutch painter (1680-|of Sweden and Norway|
| 1800 |1758). |1752). |(1682-1718). |
|A. D.=| | | |
| |George Whitefield, |JOHANN SEBASTIAN |PRINCE EUGENE OF |
| |evangelist and one |BACH German composer|SAVOY, Austrian |
| |of the founders of |and musician (1685- |general (1663-1736).|
| |Methodism (1714- |1750). | |
| |1770). | |GEORGE WASHINGTON, |
| | |JOHANN CHRYSOSTONUS |general and first |
| | |WOLFGANG AMADEUS |president of the |
| | |MOZART, German |United States (1732-|
| | |musical composer |1799). |
| | |(1756-1791). | |
| | | |William Pitt, first |
| | |Joseph Haydn, German|Earl of Chatham, |
| | |musical composer |English statesman |
| | |(1732-1809). |(1708-1778). |
| | | | |
| | |Sir Joshua Reynolds,|THOMAS JEFFERSON, |
| | |English portrait |third president of |
| | |painter (1723-1792).|the United States |
| | | |(1743-1826). |
| | | | |
| | | |FREDERICK II., the |
| | | |Great, Prussian |
| | | |general and emperor |
| | | |(1712-1786). |
| | | | |
| | | |ALEXANDER HAMILTON, |
| | | |American lawyer and |
| | | |statesman (1757- |
| | | |1804). |
| | | | |
| | | |Robert Clive, first |
| | | |Lord, British gener-|
| | | |al and statesman |
| | | |(1725-1774). |
| | | | |
| | | |ADAM SMITH, Scottish|
| | | |political economist |
| | | |(1723-1790). |
| | | | |
| | | |Anne, queen of En- |
| | | |gland (1664-1714). |
| | | | |
| | | |CATHERINE II., |
| | | |empress of Russia |
| | | |(1729-1796). |
| | | | |
| | | |George Jacques |
| | | |Danton, French |
| | | |revolutionist (1759-|
| | | |1794). |
| | | | |
| | | |MARQUIS MARIE JEAN |
| | | |PAUL ROCH YVES |
| | | |GILBERT MOTIER DE |
| | | |LAFAYETTE, or LA |
| | | |FAYETTE, French |
| | | |general and patriot |
| | | |(1757-1834). |
| | | | |
| | | |Jean Paul Marat, |
| | | |French revolutionist|
| | | |(1744-1793). |
| | | | |
| | | |Maximilien Joseph |
| | | |Marie Isidore de |
| | | |Robespierre, French |
| | | |revolutionist (1758-|
| | | |1794). |
| | | | |
| | | |Thaddeus (Tadeusz) |
| | | |Kosciusko, Polish |
| | | |patriot (1746?- |
| | | |1817). |
| | | | |
| | | |Francis I., emperor |
| | | |of Germany (1708- |
| | | |1765). |
| | | | |
| | | |Lord Horatio Nelson,|
| | | |English admiral |
| | | |(1758-1805). |
| | | | |
| | | |Maria Theresa, |
| | | |empress of Austria |
| | | |(1717-1780). |
| | | | |
| | | |Charles James Fox, |
| | | |English statesman |
| | | |and orator (1749- |
| | | |1806). |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _19th|WILLIAM ELLERY |LUDWIG VAN |JOHN MARSHALL, |
| Cent.|CHANNING, American |BEETHOVEN, German |American jurist and |
|A. D._|divine and author |musical composer |statesman (1755- |
| |(1780-1842). |(1770-1827). |1835). |
| =1800| | | |
| A. D.|James Martineau, |FRANZ SCHUBERT, Ger-|ANDREW JACKSON, |
| to |Unitarian divine and|man composer (1797- |general and seventh |
| 1900 |author (1807-1878). |1828). |president of the |
|A. D.=| | |United States (1767-|
| |Theodore Parker, |ANTONIO CANOVA, |1845). |
| |American theologian |Italian sculptor | |
| |and scholar (1810- |(1757-1822). |Henry Clay, American|
| |1860). | |statesman and orator|
| | |JEAN BAPTISTE |(1777-1852). |
| |Henry Ward Beecher, |CAMILLE COROT, | |
| |American preacher, |French landscape |Arthur Wellesley |
| |writer and orator |painter (1796-1875).|Wellington, first |
| |(1813-1887). | |Duke of, British |
| | |BERTEL THORWALDSEN, |general and states- |
| |Charles Grandison |Danish sculptor |man (1769-1852). |
| |Finney, evangelist |(1770-1844). | |
| |and theologian | |JOHN CALDWELL |
| |(1792-1875). |Jean Dominique |CALHOUN, American |
| | |Auguste Ingres, |statesman (1782- |
| |Dwight Lyman Moody, |French painter |1850). |
| |evangelist (1837- |(1781-1867). | |
| |1899). | |PRINCE CLEMENS |
| | |FREDERIC FRANÇOIS |WENZEL NEPOMUK |
| |Charles Haddon |CHOPIN, Polish pia- |LOTHAR VON |
| |Spurgeon, English |nist and musical |METTERNICH, Austrian|
| |pulpit-orator (1834-|composer (1810- |statesman (1773- |
| |1892). |1849). |1859). |
| | | | |
| |Clara Barton, |JAMES ABBOTT M’NEILL|CHARLES MAURICE DE |
| |promoter American |WHISTLER, American- |TALLEYRAND-PERIGORD,|
| |Red Cross (1830- |English painter |Prince of Benevento,|
| |1912). |(1834-1903). |French diplomatist |
| | | |(1754-1838). |
| |Frances Elizabeth |ROBERT SCHUMANN, | |
| |Willard, temperance |German musical com- |COUNT CAMILLO BENSO |
| |reformer (1839- |poser (1815-1856). |DI CAVOUR, Italian |
| |1898). | |statesman (1810- |
| | |RICHARD WAGNER, Ger-|1861). |
| |Mary Baker Glover |man musical composer| |
| |Eddy, founder of |(1813-1883). |ABRAHAM LINCOLN, |
| |Christian Science | |sixteenth president |
| |(1821-1910). |JOHANNES BRAHMS, |of the United States|
| | |German composer |(1809-1865). |
| |Brigham Young, |(1833-1897). | |
| |American Mormon | |David Glascoe |
| |leader (1801-1877). |GIUSEPPE VERDI, |Farragut, American |
| | |Italian musical com-|admiral (1801-1870).|
| |Joseph Smith, |poser (1814-1901). | |
| |founder of the sect | |ROBERT EDWARD LEE, |
| |of Mormons (1805- |Théodore Rousseau, |American Confederate|
| |1844). |French painter |general (1807-1870).|
| | |(1812-1867). | |
| |John Henry Newman, | |Napoleon III. |
| |English theologian |Hector Berlioz, |(Charles Louis |
| |and author (1801- |French musical com- |Napoléon Bonaparte),|
| |1890). |poser (1803-1869). |emperor of the |
| | | |French (1808-1873). |
| |Phillips Brooks, |Louise Marie Elisa- | |
| |American pulpit |beth Lebrun (born |Benjamin Disraeli, |
| |orator (1835-1893). |Vigée), French |earl of Beacons- |
| | |painter (1755-1842).|field, English |
| | | |statesman and nov- |
| | |Felix Mendelssohn- |elist (1804-1880). |
| | |Bartholdy, German | |
| | |composer (1809- |ULYSSES SIMPSON |
| | |1847). |GRANT, general and |
| | | |eighteenth president|
| | |Mariano Fortuny, |of the United States|
| | |Spanish painter |(1822-1885). |
| | |(1839-1874). | |
| | | |Charles Stewart |
| | |Anton Rubenstein, |Parnell, Irish par- |
| | |Russian composer and|liamentarian (1846- |
| | |pianist (1829-1894).|1891). |
| | | | |
| | |Franz Liszt, Hungar-|WILLIAM EWART |
| | |ian pianist and com-|GLADSTONE, English |
| | |poser (1811-1886). |statesman (1820- |
| | | |1898). |
| | |PETER ILYITCH | |
| | |TSCHAIKOWSKY, Rus- |PRINCE OTTO EDUARD |
| | |sian musical com- |LEOPOLD BISMARCK, |
| | |poser (1840-1893). |German statesman |
| | | |(1814-1898). |
| | |Charles François | |
| | |Daubigny, French |Richard Cobden, En- |
| | |painter (1817-1878).|glish statesman and |
| | | |economist (1804- |
| | |John Constable, En- |1865). |
| | |glish landscape | |
| | |painter (1776-1837).|Giuseppe Mazzini, |
| | | |Italian patriot and |
| | |Eugéne Emmanuel |revolutionist (1805-|
| | |Viollet-le-Duc, |1872). |
| | |French architect | |
| | |(1814-1879). |Giuseppe Garibaldi, |
| | | |Italian patriot |
| | |Karl Begas, German |(1807-1882). |
| | |painter (1794-1854).| |
| | | |Léon Gambetta, |
| | |Rosalie Bonheur, |French statesman |
| | |French painter |(1838-1882). |
| | |(1822-1899). | |
| | | |John Bright, English|
| | |Thomas Ustick |orator and statesman|
| | |Walter, American |(1811-1889). |
| | |architect (1804- | |
| | |1887). |Louis Kossuth, Hun- |
| | | |garian orator and |
| | |Jean François |statesman (1802- |
| | |Millet, painter |1894). |
| | |(1814-1875). | |
| | | |Cecil John Rhodes, |
| | |Antoine Louis Barye,|British statesman |
| | |French sculptor |(1853-1902). |
| | |(1795-1875). | |
| | | |Victoria (Victoria |
| | |Karl Theodore |Alexandrina), queen |
| | |Francis Bitter, |of Great Britain and|
| | |Austro-American |Ireland and empress |
| | |sculptor (1867- |of India (1819- |
| | |1916). |1901). |
| | | | |
| | |Johann Gottfried |Jefferson Davis, |
| | |Schadow, German |American statesman |
| | |sculptor (1764- |and president of the|
| | |1850). |Confederacy (1808- |
| | | |1889). |
| | |Sir Edwin Henry | |
| | |Landseer, animal |Sir John Alexander |
| | |painter (1802-1873).|Macdonald, Canadian |
| | | |statesman (1815- |
| | |Sir Charles Barry, |1891). |
| | |British architect | |
| | |(1795-1860). |Francis Joseph, |
| | | |emperor of Austria |
| | |Pierre Etienne |(1830-1916). |
| | |Rousseau, French | |
| | |painter (1812-1867).|Karl Marx, German |
| | | |socialist and publi-|
| | |Christian Daniel |cist (1818-1883). |
| | |Rauch, German | |
| | |sculptor (1777- |H. von Treitschke, |
| | |1857). |German publicist |
| | | |(1834-1896). |
| | |Pierre Puvis de | |
| | |Chavannes, French |George Dewey, Ameri-|
| | |painter (1824-1898).|can Admiral (1837- |
| | | |1917). |
| | |Jacques Louis David,| |
| | |French historical | |
| | |painter (1748-1825).| |
| | | | |
| | |Robert Adam, Scot- | |
| | |tish architect | |
| | |(1728-1792). | |
| | | | |
| | |Hans Makart, Aus- | |
| | |trian painter (1840-| |
| | |1884). | |
| | | | |
| | |Joseph Mallord | |
| | |William Turner, | |
| | |English painter | |
| | |(1775-1851). | |
| | | | |
| | |Sir George Gilbert | |
| | |Scott, English ar- | |
| | |chitect (1811-1878).| |
| | | | |
| | |Sir John Everett | |
| | |Millais, English | |
| | |painter (1829-1896).| |
| | | | |
| | |Karl Friedrich | |
| | |Schinkel, German ar-| |
| | |chitect (1781-1841).| |
| | | | |
| | |John Quincy Adams | |
| | |Ward, American | |
| | |sculptor (1830- | |
| | |1910). | |
| | | | |
| | |Frédéric Auguste | |
| | |Bartholdi, French | |
| | |sculptor (1834- | |
| | |1904). | |
| | | | |
| | |Jean Léon Gérôme, | |
| | |French historical | |
| | |painter (1824-1904).| |
| | | | |
| | |Edwin Austin Abbey, | |
| | |American artist | |
| | |(1852-1916). | |
| | | | |
| | |J. E. F. Massenet, | |
| | |French composer | |
| | |(1842-1912). | |
| | | | |
| | |Antonin Dvorák, | |
| | |Austro-American com-| |
| | |poser (1842-1904). | |
| | | | |
| | |Vassili | |
| | |Verestchagin, Rus- | |
| | |sian painter (1842- | |
| | |1904). | |
| | | | |
| | |F. von Lenbach, Ger-| |
| | |man painter (1836- | |
| | |1904). | |
| | | | |
| | |Edvard Grieg, Nor- | |
| | |wegian composer | |
| | |(1843-1897). | |
| | | | |
| | |Augustus Saint- | |
| | |Gaudens, American | |
| | |sculptor (1848- | |
| | |1907). | |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+
| _20th|Pope Benedict XV., |Camille Saint-Saëns,|Theodore Roosevelt, |
| Cent.|Giacomo Della Chiesa|French composer |American author, |
|A. D._|(1854- ----). |(1835- ----). |publicist and |
| | | |twenty-sixth presi- |
| =1900|Cardinal James |Claude Debussy, |dent of the United |
| A. D.|Gibbons, American |(1862- ----). |States (1858- ----).|
| to |Roman Catholic prel-| | |
| 2000 |ate (1834- ----). |Giacomo Puccini, |Arthur James |
|A. D.=| |Italian composer |Balfour, British |
| |Cardinal William |(1858- ----). |statesman, philo- |
| |Henry O’Connell, | |sophical writer |
| |American Roman Cath-|Auguste Rodin, |(1848- ----). |
| |olic prelate (1859- |French sculptor | |
| |----). |(1840- ----). |William II., third |
| | | |German emperor |
| |Cardinal John Murphy|Sir E. W. Elgar, |(1859- ----). |
| |Farley, American |English composer | |
| |Roman Catholic prel-|(1857- ----). |David Lloyd George, |
| |ate (1842- ----). | |British statesman |
| | |Piero Mascagni, |(1863- ----). |
| |William Ashley |Italian operatic | |
| |Sunday, American |composer (1863- |Sir Wilfrid Laurier,|
| |evangelist (1863- |----). |Canadian statesman |
| |----). | |(1841- ----). |
| | |J. S. Sargent, Amer-| |
| | |ican painter (1856- |Robert Laird Borden,|
| | |----). |prime minister of |
| | | |Canada (1854- ----).|
| | |Lorado Taft, Ameri- | |
| | |can sculptor (1860- |Viscount Horatio |
| | |----). |Herbert Kitchener, |
| | | |British general |
| | |Philip Martiny, |(1850-1916). |
| | |American sculptor | |
| | |(1858- ----). |Wilhelmina, queen of|
| | | |Holland (1880- |
| | |William Hamo |----). |
| | |Thornycroft, English| |
| | |sculptor (1850- |Theodore von |
| | |----). |Bethmann-Hollweg, |
| | | |German statesman and|
| | |George Grey Barnard,|Imperial Chancellor |
| | |American sculptor |(1856- ----). |
| | |(1863- ----). | |
| | | |Alfonso XIII., king |
| | |Daniel Chester |of Spain (1886- |
| | |French, American |----). |
| | |sculptor (1850- | |
| | |----). |Woodrow Wilson, |
| | | |American publicist, |
| | |Richard Strauss, |twenty-eighth presi-|
| | |German musical com- |dent of the United |
| | |poser (1864- ----). |States (1856- ----).|
| | | | |
| | |J. F. L. Bonnat, |Edward Douglass |
| | |French painter |White, American |
| | |(1833- ----). |jurist (1845- ----).|
| | | | |
| | |Gutzon Borglum (John|Elihu Root, publi- |
| | |Gutzon de la Mothe),|cist, ex-secretary |
| | |American sculptor |of state (1845- |
| | |(1867- ----). |----). |
| | | | |
| | |Frederick (William) |William Jennings |
| | |MacMonnies, American|Bryan, American |
| | |sculptor (1863- |publicist, ex-secre-|
| | |----). |tary of state (1860-|
| | | |----). |
| | | | |
| | | |Henry Cabot Lodge, |
| | | |historian, publicist|
| | | |(1850- ----). |
| | | | |
| | | |Robert Marion |
| | | |LaFollette, American|
| | | |political reformer, |
| | | |publicist (1855- |
| | | |----). |
| | | | |
| | | |Field Marshall von |
| | | |Hindenburg, German |
| | | |general (1847- |
| | | |----). |
| | | | |
| | | |Field Marshal |
| | | |Joffre, French |
| | | |general (1853- |
| | | |----). |
+------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+