Chapter VII: From the Beginning of the Middle Ages to the Formation of the

MOHAMMEDAN EMPIRE, 395-622 A. D.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. Invasion of the Germanic Tribes. Middle Ages
begin. Anglo-Invasion of Britain. 400-500: Fall of the Roman Empire.
Beginning of new states. 500-600: Great disorders in the West.
Beginnings of Feudalism; power of the clergy increases. In the East
the great reign of Justinian. 600-700: Rise and wonderful spread of
Mohammedanism from Arabia to Siude on the east, and Carthage on the
west. Christianizing of Germany.

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|=A. D.=| =Britain= | =Western Part of the Roman Empire= |
| | | =Spain= | =Gaul (Franks)= |
+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| | =I. | | |
| | Roman Period= | | |
| | (B.C. 55-410 A.D.) | | |
| =400= | | | |
| | |409. Gerontius, the | |
| |410. The Roman troops|Roman governor, in- | |
| |being gradually with-|vites the Vandals, |412. Ataulphus, with |
| |drawn, the natives |Alani and Suevi into |the Visigoths, |
| |become independent. |Spain. |leaves Italy, con- |
| | | |quers Narbonne and |
| | |415. The empire of |Toulouse. |
| | |the Visigoths. | |
| =425= |_The Scots and Picts | | |
| |continually harass |429. Empire of the | |
| |the island, and the |Vandals. |448-456. Merovius |
| |Franks and Saxons | |powerfully assists in|
| |infest its coast._ | |the defeat of Attila,|
| | | |and thus gives his |
| | =II. Anglo-Saxon | |name to the first |
| | Period= | |race of French kings.|
| | (449-1066) | | |
| =450= | | |450. Dynasty of the |
| | |451. Invasion of |=Merovingians.= |
| | |ATTILA, with half a | |
| |455-556. Saxon |million Huns. The | |
| |Octarchy. |Huns under Attila, | |
| | |called the “Scourge | |
| |455. Hengist founds |of God,” defeated by |455. The Britons |
| |the kingdom of Kent. |the confederate |settle in Bretagne. |
| | |armies of Romans and | |
| | |Visigoths at |457. Childeric con- |
| | |=Chalons=. |quers to the Loire, |
| | | |including Paris. |
| | |466-483. Gothic | |
| =475= | |Monarchy of Spain. | |
| | +---------------------+---------------------+
| | | _NEW NATIONS FORMED OUT OF THE ROMAN |
| | | EMPIRE_ |
| | +---------------------+---------------------+
| | | =Spain= | =Franks= |
| | +---------------------+---------------------+
| | | =Kingdom of the | =Kingdom of the |
| | | Visigoths.= | Franks.= |
| | +---------------------+---------------------+
| | | |481-511. CLOVIS the |
| | | |true founder of the |
| | | |French monarchy: |
| | | |capital Paris. |
| | | | |
| | | |486. Defeats Syagrius|
| | | |at Soissons. END OF |
| | | |THE ROMAN DOMINION. |
| | | | |
| | | |496. Conversion of |
| =500= | | |Clovis. He defeats |
| | |508-522. Theodoric |the Alamanni. |
| |519. Kingdom of |the Great, King of | |
| |Wessex (West Saxons) |the Ostrogoths, rules| |
| |which ultimately |the affairs of Spain | |
| |unites to itself the |--he preserves Nar- | |
| |whole English |bonne, wrested from | |
| |monarchy. |the Visigoths by | |
| | |Clovis, to this em- | |
| | |pire, but joins Arles| |
| | |and Provence to his | |
| | |own. | |
| | | | |
| | |522-531. Amalaric, | |
| =525= | |the first Gothic king| |
| | |who establishes his |536. Witiges, King of|
| | |court in Spain: |the Ostrogoths, sur- |
| | |capital, Seville. |renders his posses- |
| | | |sions in Gaul to the |
| | | |Franks. |
| | | | |
| | | |537. Witiges besieges|
| | | |Belisarius in Rome. |
| | | | |
| | | |540. Byzantine power |
| | | |established in Italy.|
| =550= | | | |
| | | |558-561. Clotaire |
| | | |sole monarch. |
| | | | |
| | | |561. Chilperic I. |
| | | |(the French Nero), |
| | | |King of Neustria, |
| | | |married the beautiful|
| | | |Fredegonda. |
| | | | |
| | | |561-575. Sigebert, |
| | | |King of Austrasia, |
| | | |wife Brunehilda. |
| =575= |575. East-Anglia, is | | |
| |formed into a king- | | |
| |dom. The name of | | |
| |_Angle-land_ was | | |
| |given to a small part| | |
| |of the eastern coast,| | |
| |_East-Engla-land_. | | |
| | | | |
| |586. The kingdom of |586-601. Recared good| |
| |Mercia was the last |and prosperous reign | |
| |founded by the |establishes the | |
| |Angles. |Catholic faith | |
| | |throughout Spain--the| |
| |588-828. WARS OF THE |clergy obtain great | |
| |HEPTARCHY. |authority. | |
| | | | |
| |590-616. Supremacy of|_The Latin language | |
| |Ethelbert, King of |supersedes the | |
| |Kent. |Gothic._ | |
| =600= | | | |
| |Ethelbert publishes | | |
| |the first _Code of | | |
| |Laws_ in Britain. | |613-628. Clotaire |
| | | |II., sole monarch, |
| | | |grandson of Clovis, |
| | | |his power extends |
| | | |over all the Gauls to|
| | | |the Pyrenees--the |
| | | |Saxons and Lombards |
| | | |tributary: capital, |
| | | |Paris. |
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|=A. D.=| =Western Part of the Roman Empire= |
| | =Germans= | =Italy= | =Church= |
+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| | |395-423. Honorius, | |
| | |Emperor. Capital | |
| | |Rome, Ravenna imperi-| |
| | |al residence after | |
| | |402. | |
| =400= | | |400. CHRYSOSTOM, |
| | | |patriarch of Con- |
| | | |stantinople; _ST. |
| | | |AUGUSTINE_. |
| | | | |
| | |402. ALARIC invades |402. Pope Innocent I.|
| | |Italy. Stilicho col- | |
| | |lects an army from | |
| | |Gaul, Britain, etc., | |
| | |and defeats him at | |
| | |Pollentia and Verona.| |
| | | | |
| | |408. Stilicho slain. | |
| | |Alaric’s third inva- | |
| | |sion. | |
| | | | |
| | |410. Alaric captures | |
| | |and sacks Rome. |412. Cyril, Bishop of|
| |413. =Kingdom of the | |Alexandria. |
| |Burgundians= founded | | |
| |by Gondicar. | |416. The Pelagian |
| | | |heresy condemned by |
| | | |the African bishops. |
| | | | |
| | | |422. Pope Celestine |
| | |423-455. The greater |I. |
| =425= | |part of Gaul and | |
| | |Spain lost. |432. St. Patrick |
| | | |preaches the Gospel |
| | |437. Pannonia, |in Ireland. |
| | |Dalmatia and Noricum,| |
| | |lost to the Greek |440. Pope LEO I. the |
| |449. The Saxon in- |Empire. |Great, greatly ex- |
| |vasion of England. | |tends the power of |
| | | |the bishop of Rome. |
| =450= | | | |
| | | |451. The fourth gene-|
| | |452. Attila returns |ral council at Chal- |
| | |from Gaul into Italy.|cedon, at which |
| | |Pope Leo saves Rome. |Eutychianism and |
| | | |Nestorianism are |
| | |455-476. From the |solemnly condemned. |
| | |assassination of | |
| | |Valentinian, ten | |
| | |emperors rapidly | |
| | |succeed. | |
| | | | |
| | |455. Genseric and the| |
| |456. The Alemanni |Vandals plunder Rome.| |
| |follow the Burgun- | | |
| |dians into Alsace. |461. Ricimer, leader | |
| |The river Aar in |of the Goths, reigns | |
| |Switzerland becomes |under the name of | |
| |the boundary between |Severus III. | |
| |them. | | |
| | |474. Ricimer sacks | |
| | |Rome. | |
| =475= | | | |
| | |476. ODOACER, King of| |
| | |the Heruli, over- | |
| | |throws the Western | |
| | |Empire, and founds | |
| | |the Kingdom of Italy.| |
| +---------------------+---------------------+ |
| | _NEW NATIONS FORMED OUT OF THE ROMAN | |
| | EMPIRE_ | |
| +---------------------+---------------------+482. The Emperor Zeno|
| | =Germans= | =Italy= |publishes the |
| +---------------------+---------------------+_Henoticon_. |
| |491-516. Gondebald, | | |
| |King of Burgundy. | |492. Pope Gelasius I.|
| | |493. Italy conquered |He advances bold |
| | |by THEODORIC, King of|claims to authority. |
| | |the Ostrogoths. | |
| | |Odoacer put to death.| |
| | | | |
| | |=493-555. Kingdom of | |
| | |the East Goths= |496. Christianity in-|
| | |(Ostrogoths) in |troduced among the |
| | |Italy. |Franks, whose king, |
| | | |Clovis, accepts |
| =500= | |500. Edict of |baptism. |
| |506. Burgundy tribu- |Theodoric. | |
| |tary to the Franks. | | |
| | |508. Conquest of | |
| |516. Sigismond. |Arles and Provence. | |
| | | |518. The accession of|
| |523. Godomar. | |Justin marks the |
| | | |downfall of the |
| | | |Monophysites. |
| =525= | | | |
| | | |527. Separation of |
| | | |the Armenian from the|
| | | |Greek Church. |
| | | | |
| | | |529. The Order of |
| | | |Benedictine Monks in-|
| | | |stituted at Monte |
| | | |Cassino, near Naples.|
| | | | |
| | |533-555. WARS OF JUSTINIAN AGAINST THE |
| | |VANDALS AND OSTROGOTHS. |
| | | | |
| | |535-553. Unsuccessful| |
| | |war with Justinian, | |
| | |the troops revolt and| |
| | |elect Vitiges, 536- | |
| | |541. | |
| | | | |
| | |536. Belisarius takes| |
| | |Rome. | |
| | | | |
| | |537. It endures a | |
| | |long and disastrous | |
| | |siege from Vitiges. | |
| | | | |
| | |541-552. Totila re- | |
| | |establishes the |544. In the Edict of |
| | |powers of the Ostro- |the Three Chapters, |
| | |goths. |Justinian largely re-|
| =550= | | |pudiates the work of |
| | |552. Narses, the |the Council of Chal- |
| | |general of Justinian,|cedon. |
| | |invades Italy, over- | |
| | |throws the Gothic | |
| | |monarchy. | |
| | | | |
| | |554. Italy under | |
| | |Greek Exarchs. |560. Pope John III. |
| | | |The Tritheists main- |
| | | =Kingdom of the |tain the separate |
| | | Lombards= |existence of the |
| | | |persons of the |
| |Many Germanic tribes,|568. Italy conquered |Trinity. |
| |particularly the |by the Lombards under| |
| |Bavarians and Saxons |Alboin. He later | |
| |join the Lombards and|fixes his capital at | |
| |Avars in their inva- |Pavia. | |
| |sion of Italy. | | |
| | |568-752. The | |
| | |Exarchate of Ravenna | |
| | |established. | |
| =575= | | | |
| | |580. The Latin | |
| | |language ceases to be|590-604. GREGORY I. |
| | |spoken in Italy, |the Great. |
| | |while it supersedes |Canon of the mass |
| | |Gothic in Spain. |established. |
| =600= | | | |
| | | |607-614. Boniface IV.|
| | | | |
| | | |_The Anglo-Saxons |
| | | |embrace Christianity |
| | | |--as do also, during |
| | | |this century, the |
| | | |Frieslanders, West- |
| | | |phalians, Thuringi- |
| | | |ans, Danes, Swedes, |
| | | |Germans, and Franks._|
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|=A. D.=| =Eastern Empire= | =Persia= | =China, India, |
| | | | Japan= |
+-------+---------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| |395. Arcadius received the East- | | |
| |ern Empire, also called the |399-420. | |
| |Byzantine or Grecian Empire. |Isdegerdes | |
| |Capital Byzantium or |favors the | |
| |Constantinople. |Christians. | |
| =400= | | | |
| | |412. Conquers | |
| |414-53. Regency of PULCHERIA. |Armenia. | |
| | | | |
| |420-22. Persian War on account of|420-440. Varanes|420. China: |
| |persecution of the Christians. |V. |Close of Isin |
| =425= | | |dynasty. |
| |431-440. Armenia divided between | | |
| |the Persians and Romans. | | |
| | | | |
| |438. _Theodosian Code._ | | |
| | |440-457. Varanes| |
| |441. Invasion of the Huns; who |VI., Legislator.| |
| |ravage Europe to the walls of | | |
| |Constantinople. | | |
| =450= | | | |
| |454. The Ostrogoths, after | | |
| |Attila’s death, settle in | | |
| |Pannonia and Mœsia. | | |
| | | | |
| |457-474. LEO THE GREAT. The first|457. Firoz, one | |
| |emperor crowned by a patriarch of|of the most | |
| |the Greek Church. |celebrated | |
| | |princes of | |
| |474-491. ZENO. |Persia. | |
| | | | |
| =475= |475. The Ostrogoths. THEODORIC | | |
| |brought up as a hostage at | |480. India: End |
| |Constantinople, becomes chief of | |of Gupta |
| |the whole nation. He invades the | |dynasty. |
| |empire, ravages Thrace with great| | |
| |cruelty. | | |
| | | | |
| |489-493. Theodoric’s expedition | | |
| |from Thrace, etc., into Italy. | | |
| | | | |
| |493. The Kingdom of the Ostro- | | |
| |goths. | | |
| =500= | | | |
| |502-505. War with Persia. | | |
| | | | |
| |507. Long walls built to protect | | |
| |Constantinople from the Bulga- | | |
| |rians. | | |
| | | | |
| |518-527. Justin. Proclus his | | |
| |minister. | | |
| | | | |
| |518-565. _Brilliant period of the| | |
| |Byzantine Empire._ | | |
| =525= | | | |
| |527. JUSTINIAN I. becomes | | |
| |emperor; celebrated for his _code| | |
| |of laws_ and the victories of his| | |
| |generals, BELISARIUS and NARSES. | | |
| | | | |
| |530. Belisarius defeats the | | |
| |Persians at Daras. |531-579. | |
| | |Chosroës I., | |
| |532. Suppresses the Nika riot in |“The Just,” | |
| |the Hippodrome of Constantinople.|greatest of the | |
| | |Sassanid kings. | |
| |533-555. WARS OF JUSTINIAN |War with | |
| |AGAINST THE VANDALS AND |Justinian. In- | |
| |OSTROGOTHS. |vasion of Syria | |
| | |and capture of | |
| |533-534. Overthrows the Vandals |Antioch. | |
| |in Africa. |Belisarius in | |
| | |Syria. | |
| |535. Subdues Sicily. | | |
| |536. Belisarius and Narses re- | | |
| |cover Italy. | | |
| | +----------------+ | |
| | |=Turks= settled | | |
| | |in Asia ab. 545-|549-551. Siege | |
| =550= | |550 |of Petra. | |
| | | | |552. Japan: |
| |553. Narses de- | | |Buddhism intro- |
| |feats and kills | | |duced. |
| |Totila and over-| | | |
| |throws Gothic | | | |
| |kingdom in | | | |
| |Italy. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |565. Death of | | | |
| |Belisarius and |569-582. The | | |
| |Justinian. |Turks send em- | | |
| |Justin II be- |bassies to the | | |
| |comes emperor. |Greek emperor-- | | |
| | |treaty between | | |
| |570-600. The |them. | | |
| |Avars invade the| | | |
| |Eastern Empire, | | | |
| |and spread over | | | |
| |Hungary, Poland | | | |
| |and Prussia. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |571-591. Wars | | | |
| |with Persia. | | | |
| =575= | | | | |
| |578-582. | | | |
| |Tiberius II. | |579-590. | |
| | | |Hormisdas III. | |
| |582-602. | | | |
| |Maurice. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |The empire ex- | | | |
| |tended to the | | | |
| |Araxes, and al- | | | |
| |most to the | | | |
| |Caspian. | | |590-618. China: |
| | | |591-628. |Dynasty of Suy. |
| |592. War with | |Chosroes II. | |
| |the Avars. | | |593-600. Japan: |
| =600= | |600. Arabia be- | |strong Chinese |
| |603-628. War |came the theater|603. Invades the|influences. |
| |with Persia. |of important |Greek Empire-- | |
| | |events which |conquers Syria, | |
| | |greatly influ- |611; Palestine | |
| | |enced the histo-|and Jerusalem, | |
| | |ry of the East. |614; Egypt, 616 | |
| | | |and Asia Minor | |
| | |609. _MOHAMMED_ |except the | |
| | |proclaims his |coasts--overrun | |
| | |religion. |Africa. | |
| | | | | |
| | | |_Splendid court | |
| | | |of Persia._ | |
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