Chapter XIV: From the Establishment of the Second French Republic to the

FOUNDING OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE, 1848-1871 A. D.

GREAT EVENTS OF PERIOD. Continued rapid advancement of science,
inventions and discoveries. Increased philanthropic effort and
intellectual enlightenment. Unification of Italy. Commercial
treaties with China and Japan. American Civil War. Union of Austria
and Hungary. Franco-Prussian War. Establishment of the German
Empire.

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|=A. D.=| =United States= | =Spain and Portugal=| =Great Britain= |
+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| |1849. Zachary Taylor,| |1849. Mooltan in |
| |President. Railroad | |India taken. |
| |from Boston to New | | |
| |York. | | |
| | | | |
| =1850=|1850. Attempted inva-| |1850. The war in |
| |sion of Cuba by fili-| |Lahore ended. The |
| |busters. Death of | |Punjab annexed to the|
| |President Taylor; | |British Crown. |
| |Millard Fillmore, | | |
| |President. Texas | |1850-1853. Kafir War |
| |boundary settled. | |in South Africa. |
| |Fugitive Slave Law | | |
| |passed. | | |
| | | | |
| |1851. Erie railway |1851. Death of Dodoy,|1851. Continuance of |
| |opened. Charleston |“Prince of Peace.” |the Kafir war. |
| |Convention. Kossuth | |Kossuth visits En- |
| |arrives in New York. | |gland. |
| | | | |
| |1853. Franklin | |1853. Queen Victoria |
| |Pierce, President. | |visits Ireland. Kafir|
| |Gadsden Purchase. | |war ended. |
| | | | |
| |1854. Treaty with |1854. Military insur-|1854-1856. CRIMEAN |
| |Japan. Kansas- |rection under |WAR. Treaty of |
| |Nebraska Bill passed.|O’Donnell. |alliance with France.|
| |Ostend Manifesto | | |
| |issued. | | |
| | | | |
| |1855. Panama Railroad| |1855. British fleet |
| |completed. Troubles | |bombards and partial-|
| |in Kansas. | |ly destroys Canton, |
| | | |China. |
| | | | |
| | | |_ROBERT BROWNING_ |
| | | |(1812-1889). |
| | | | |
| |1857. Dred Scott de- | |1857-1858. SEPOY |
| |cision. James | |MUTINY. Sepoys vs. |
| |Buchanan, President. | |English. |
| |Great financial | | |
| |panic. | |1858. Completion of |
| | | |the Atlantic tele- |
| |1859. John Brown |1859. War with |graph cable. |
| |captures Harpers |Morocco. | |
| |Ferry. | | |
| | | | |
| |1860. South Carolina |1860. Defeat of the |1860. Rebellion in |
| |passes ordinance of |Moors. |India subdued. Neu- |
| |secession. | |trality proclaimed |
| | | |during the American |
| | | |Civil War. |
| | | | |
| |1861-1865. AMERICAN |1861. Annexation of |_TENNYSON_ (1809- |
| |CIVIL WAR. Federal |Santo Domingo. Inter-|1892). |
| |Government of United |vention in Mexico. | |
| |States vs. Southern | |_DARWIN_ 1809-1882. |
| |Confederacy. ABRAHAM | | |
| |LINCOLN, President. | | |
| | | | |
| |1863. =Battle of | | |
| |Gettysburg.= |1864. Rupture with | |
| | |Peru. | |
| | | | |
| |1865. Assassination |1865. Dispute with |1865. Fenian out- |
| |of President Lincoln;|Chile. |breaks in Ireland. |
| |Andrew Johnson, | |British and French |
| |President. | |governments rescind |
| | | |their recognition of |
| |1866. Civil Rights |1866. Military insur-|the Confederate |
| |Bill passed. Atlantic|rection headed by |States of America. |
| |telegraph completed. |General Prim. | |
| | | | |
| |1867. General |1867. Death of | |
| |amnesty proclamation.|Marshal O’Donnell. | |
| |Purchase of Alaska. | | |
| | | | |
| |1868. Burlingame |1868. Queen deposed. |1868. GLADSTONE, |
| |treaty with China. | |Premier |
| | | | |
| |1869. U. S. GRANT, | | |
| |President. Union |1870. Isabella II. |1870. Irish Land Act |
| |Pacific railway |abdicates; Amadeus, |passed. |
| |opened for traffic. |King. | |
| | | |_HERBERT SPENCER_ |
| | |1871. Sagasta, Prime |(1820-1903). |
| | |Minister. | |
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+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
|=A. D.=| =France= | =Italy and Church= | =Holland, Belgium, |
| | | | Switzerland, |
| | | | Scandinavia= |
+-------+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| |1848-1852. =Second | | |
| |Republic.= |1849. Catania, | |
| | |Syracuse, and Palermo| |
| =1850=|1850. Jerome |taken by assault. |1850. Denmark: Bloody|
| |Bonaparte, Field- |MAZZINI’S proclama- |battle of Idstedt, |
| |Marshal. |tion of provisional |between the Danes and|
| | |government. VICTOR |Schleswig- |
| | |EMANUEL, King. Rome |Holsteiners. |
| | |surrenders to the | |
| | |French; Garibaldi | |
| | |leaves city. Bourbon | |
| | |rule begins. | |
| | | | |
| |1852-1870. =Second |1852. CAVOUR becomes | |
| |Empire.= |Prime Minister in |1853. Denmark: |
| | |Piedmont. |Parliament prorogued |
| |1852. NAPOLEON III. | |and a “fundamental” |
| |declared Emperor. | |law issued. |
| | | | |
| | | |1853. Belgium: Mar- |
| |1854. War declared | |riage of the Duke of |
| |against Russia. |1855. Important con- |Brabant, heir- |
| | |cordant between Italy|apparent of the |
| |1856. Peace with |and Austria. |throne, and the Arch-|
| |Russia. | |duchess Maria. |
| | | | |
| | | |Holland: The first |
| | | |chamber adopts the |
| | | |much-disputed law on |
| | | |religious liberty. |
| | | | |
| |1859. THE WAR OF | |1859. Sweden: Oscar |
| |ITALIAN LIBERATION. | |I., died July 8; suc-|
| |Sardinia-Piedmont and| |ceeded by his son |
| |France vs. Austria. | |Charles XV. |
| | | | |
| |1860. Commercial |1860. GARIBALDI lands| |
| |treaty with England. |in Sicily, and as- | |
| | |sumes dictatorship. | |
| | | | |
| | |1861. Victor Emanuel | |
| | |II., King of | |
| | |Sardinia, first King | |
| | |of Italy. | |
| | | | |
| |1862. Great distress |1862. Garibaldi es- | |
| |caused by American |tablishes a provisio-| |
| |Civil War. |nal government. | |
| | | | |
| |1863. The French | |1863. Denmark: |
| |occupy Mexico. | |Christian IX. suc- |
| | | |ceeds Frederick VII. |
| | | | |
| |1864. Maximilian ac- |1864. Florence made |1864. Peace between |
| |cepts Mexican crown. |capital of Italy. |Denmark and the |
| | | |allies, to whom |
| | | |Schleswig-Holstein |
| | | |and Lauenburg are |
| | | |surrendered. |
| | | | |
| | |1865. Ionian Isles |1865. Leopold II. |
| | |made over to Greece. |succeeds his father, |
| | | |Leopold I. in |
| | |1866. Austrian War. |Belgium. |
| | |Venetia proclaimed a | |
| | |part of Italy. | |
| | | | |
| |1867. Great exposi- |1867. Garibaldi and | |
| |tion in Paris. |the Papal States. | |
| | | | |
| |_PASTEUR_ 1822-1895. |1869. Vatican Council| |
| | |opened at Rome. | |
| | | | |
| |1870. =Third |1870. Rome is annexed| |
| |Republic.= |to Italy and declared| |
| | |the capital. | |
| |1870-1871. FRANCO- | | |
| |PRUSSIAN WAR. France | | |
| |vs. Prussia supported| | |
| |by all German States | | |
| |including South. | | |
| |=Battle of Sedan.= | |_HENRIK IBSEN_ 1828- |
| |Surrender of Metz. | |1908. |
| | | | |
| |1871. Capitulation of| | |
| |Paris. Peace rati- | | |
| |fied. | | |
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|=A. D.=| =The German Confederation= | =Russia= |=Turkey, Greece,|
| +----------------+----------------+ | China, India, |
| | =Prussia= | =Austria= | | Japan= |
+-------+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| |1849. The king |1849. New con- |1849. Aids | |
| |declines the Im-|stitution |Austria in sub- | |
| |perial Crown. |promulgated. |duing Hungary. | |
| |Armistice be- | | | |
| |tween Prussia | | | |
| |and Denmark. | | | |
| | | | | |
| =1850=|1850. Treaty of | |1850. Harbor of |1850. Turkey: |
| |peace with | |Sebastopol com- |Insurrection in |
| |Denmark. New | |pleted. |Bosnia. |
| |constitution for| | | |
| |Prussia. | | |1850-1864. |
| | | | |China: Taiping |
| | |1851. LOUIS | |rebellion. |
| | |KOSSUTH sen- | | |
| | |tenced to death | | |
| | |at Pesth. | | |
| | | | | |
| | |1852. Emperor of| |1852. Greece: |
| |1853. Plot to |Austria visits |1853. War de- |Convention of |
| |overthrow the |Emperor of |clared against |London by En- |
| |government. |Prussia. |Turkey. |gland, France, |
| | | | |Prussia, Bavaria|
| | | | |and Greece in |
| | | | |reference to the|
| | | | |affairs of |
| | | | |Greece. |
| | | | | |
| | | | |1852. Turkey: |
| | | | |War between the |
| | | | |Turks and |
| | | | |Montenegrins. |
| | | | | |
| |1854. Treaty |1854. Alliance |1854-1856. CRIMEAN WAR. Russia |
| |with Austria, |with England and|vs. Turkey aided by Great |
| |offensive and |France. |Britain, France and Sardinia. |
| |defensive. | | | |
| | | |1854. War with |1854. Japan: |
| | | |France and En- |Treaty with the |
| | | |gland. Siege of |United States. |
| | | |Sebastopol. | |
| | | |Battle of Balak-| |
| | | |lava. | |
| | | | | |
| | | |1855. Death of | |
| | | |Nicholas I. | |
| | | |Alexander II., | |
| | | |Emperor. | |
| | | | | |
| | |1856. Hungarians|1856. Destruc- | |
| | |granted amnesty.|tion of |1857-1858. Sepoy|
| | | |Sebastopol |Mutiny. |
| | | |docks. Evacua- | |
| | | |tion of Crimea. |1857-1860. |
| | | | |China: Second |
| | | |1858. Partial |war with Great |
| |1859. THE WAR OF ITALIAN LIBERA- |emancipation of |Britain. |
| |TION. |the serfs. | |
| | | | | |
| | |Peace after | | |
| | |battle of | | |
| | |Solferino. | | |
| | | | | |
| |1861. WILLIAM |1861. New con- | | |
| |I., King. |stitution for | | |
| | |the Austrian | | |
| | |monarchy. | | |
| | | | | |
| |1862. BISMARCK, |1862. Amnesty to|1862. |1862. Bloody |
| |Premier. |political offen-|Nesselrode, |conflict between|
| | |ders in Hungary.|Chancellor. |Servians and |
| | | | |Turks in |
| |1863. King re- | |1863. Termina- |Belgrade. |
| |solves to govern| |tion of serfdom.| |
| |without parlia- | | | |
| |ment. Congress | | | |
| |of German sover-| | | |
| |eigns at Frank- | | | |
| |fort. “One | | | |
| |Federal State” | | | |
| |proposed. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |1864. DANISH WAR. Austria and |1864. Emigration|1864. George of |
| |Prussia vs. Denmark. |of Caucasian |Denmark becomes |
| | | |tribes into |King of Greece. |
| | | |Turkey. | |
| | | | | |
| |1866-1871. =North German Confede-|1866. Inaugura- | |
| |ration.= |tion of trial by| |
| | | |jury. War with | |
| |1866. AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR. Prus- |Bokhara. | |
| |sia with smaller North German | | |
| |States and Italy vs. Austria, | | |
| |Hanover, Saxony and South German | | |
| |States. | =Austria- | |
| | | | Hungary= | |
| | | | | |
| |1867. North |1867. Autonomy |1867. Alaska | |
| |German Constitu-|for Hungary an- |sold to the |1868. Japan: End|
| |tion accepted. |nounced. Emperor|United States. |of the |
| | |crowned King of | |Shogunate. |
| | |Hungary. | |Restoration of |
| |_HELMHOLTZ_ | | |the Mikado. |
| |1821-1894. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |1870-1871. |1870. Concordat | | |
| |FRANCO-PRUSSIAN |with Rome sus- | | |
| |WAR. Battle of |pended. | | |
| |Sedan. | | | |
| | | | | |
| |1871- ----. | | | |
| |=House of Hohen-| | | |
| |zollern.= | | | |
| | | | | |
| |1871. King of |1871. New German|1871. Electric |1871. Japan: |
| |Prussia pro- |Empire recog- |telegraph be- |Feudalism |
| |claimed Emperor |nized. |tween Russia and|abolished. |
| |of Germany. | |Japan. | |
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