Chapter C

CABELL, SAMUEL J., Representative from Virginia, 604.

CABOT, GEORGE, Senator from Massachusetts, 309, 380, 441, 520, 591.

CADWALADER, LAMBERT, Representative from New Jersey, 22, 175, 255,
455, 528;
on a committee to report a bill regulating oaths, 22.

_Candles, Tallow_, duty on proposed, 34;
adopted, 35.

CARNES, THOMAS P., Representative from Georgia, 455, 527;
on continental troops on frontiers, 518;
on indemnification to sufferers by Pennsylvania insurgents, 550;
on the right to Indian lands within a State, 579;
on intruders on Indian lands, 587;
offers amendment to resolution relative to intruders on Indian lands, 589.

CARROLL, CHARLES, Senator from Maryland, 10, 254, 303;
added to Judiciary Committee, 10;
on committee to prepare an answer to Washington's inaugural, 12;
reports on President's Message relative to the ratification of certain
treaties, 20;
urges decision relative to duty on molasses, 70, 71;
on the amendment to the constitution relative to freedom of conscience, 137;
on Fort Cumberland as a seat of Government, 159;
further remarks, 160, 164;
on vacancy in the Presidency, 269.

CARROLL, DANIEL, Representative from Maryland, 22, 175.

_Census of the Union_, debate on, 181;
in order to know the various interests of the United States, the description
of the several classes into which the community was divided should be
accurately known, 181;
census should comprise more than a mere enumeration of the inhabitants, 181;
the progress of each interest thus shown, 181;
motion that the marshal receive of every white male inhabitant over twenty-one
years of age five cents, and for every male slave of like age three cents,
as his compensation, 182;
an equitable tax, 182;
motion lost, 182;
bill read a third time, 184.

_Charitable objects_, appropriations by Congress for, _see_
French Refugees, 462.

_Chaplains_, manner of electing, Senate committee on, 10;
resolution of the House on, 168.

CHRISTIE, GABRIEL, Representative from Maryland, 437, 527, 604;
on the President's Speech, 537;
on the Randall bribery case, 610.

_Circular_, addressed to absent member at the first session of Senate, 9.

_Citizenship_, during absence, see contested election of William Smith,
96.

_City Hall_, New York, use of, tendered to Congress, 10;
accepted, 10.

_Civil List for 1796, note, 629._

CLAIBORNE, THOMAS, Representative from Virginia, 457, 527, 608;
on the reduction of salaries, 571, 575.

CLARK, ABRAHAM, Representative from New Jersey, 316, 388, 455;
on the ratio of representation, 326;
on election of President, 334;
on attendance of Secretary of War, 391;
on the reduction of the army, 405;
further remarks, 407;
on the French emigrants from St. Domingo, 462;
on the relief of do., 474;
on the commerce of the United States, 472;
on the preparations for the Algerine War, 475;
on the embargo, 500;
urges postponement of indemnity resolutions, 504;
asks what taxes are paid by back settlers, 506;
opposes duties on manufactured tobacco and refined sugar, 507.

CLAXTON, THOMAS, elected assistant doorkeeper of House, 22, 315.

CLINTON, GEORGE, votes for as Vice President in 1789, 10;
vote for as Vice President in 1793, 386.

CLOPTON, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 604.

CLYMER, GEORGE, Representative from Pennsylvania, 22, 175, 255;
engages in the discussion on laying duties on imports, 27;
advocates protection of unwrought steel, 35;
on state of paper mills in Pennsylvania, 41;
sustains the power of the President to remove certain officers, 89;
opposed to title for President, 68;
opposed to incorporating amendments in the body of the constitution, 134;
on the right of instruction, 139;
on the location of the seat of Government on the Susquehanna, 151.

_Coal_, duty fixed, 42, 113.

COBB, DAVID, Representative from Massachusetts, 455, 527.

COCKE, WILLIAM, Senator from Tennessee, 602.

_Cod Fisheries._--A bill for the encouragement of the bank and cod
fisheries, and for the regulation and government of the fishermen employed
therein, considered, 350;
motion to strike out first section, 350;
principle of the bill doubted, a bounty on occupations, 350;
no powers given to Congress for such a purpose, 350;
the revenue to be employed in this bounty is to be drawn from all the
sources of revenue, 350;
an authority given to any government to exercise such a principle would lead
to tyranny, 350;
bad policy to encourage an occupation that would diminish rather than
increase the aggregate wealth, 351;
the bill does not contain that kind of encouragement essential to national
defence, 351;
the part of the national defence derived from the fisheries would be too
costly, 351;
to show the propriety of the measure, it should be demonstrated that the
trade is in a state of decay, &c., 351;
that there is a system of defence involved, &c., 351.

The fisheries are confined to Massachusetts, which is a part of the Union,
351;
they are a nursery of hardy seamen, a never failing source of protection to
commerce, 351;
more annoyance to the enemy from privateers, in the war, than from any other
source, 351;
all desired by the bill is to avoid the burden of duties, 352;
the drawback on exported fish benefits the merchant, not the fishermen, 352;
this bill pays the same money to the fishermen, 352;
no bounty in the case, 352;
it is only a drawback on the salt used on the fish, 352;
the fishermen are now under no control, 352;
bounty given only to those who conform to regulations, 352;
constitution says no duty shall be laid on exports, 352;
on exporting dried fish, the exporter is entitled to draw back the duty paid
on the salt--this is the whole question, 352;
defects of drawback law shown, 352;
bill defended on three grounds, 353;
it will increase the national wealth, 353;
it affords naval protection in time of war, 353;
character of the fishermen, 353;
product of the fisheries, 354;
anticipated increase in exports, 354;
advantages now derived by the Government, 355;
mode of paying the bounty explained, 355;
not a dollar will be charged to the public, 355;
other points considered, 356;
justice only is asked, 356;
it is not a bounty, 356;
we ask that the drawback, in all instances, shall be equal to the money
received, 356;
the allowance proposed will not be greater than the drawback on exportation,
356;
if it were a bounty, it would only be similar to the indulgence granted the
land and agricultural interests, 357;
how can Massachusetts contribute for protection to the Western frontier when
no contribution is made to support her commerce, which, without it, will be
ruined? 357;
diminution of revenue shown, in consequence of the failure of the fisheries,
357.

The money to be given will exceed the drawback, 358;
this surplus is a bounty, and Congress has no power to grant bounties, 358;
two or three provisions of the constitution to the point, 358;
what will follow the doctrine of bounties, 358;
guards in the constitution against the dangerous bias of interest which the
doctrine of bounties subverts, 358;
the objects of the bounty mark a dangerous innovation, 359;
it is better to increase the drawback, a plan comprehending the useful parts
of the bill without the objections, 359.

Nothing of a bounty except the name in the bill, 360;
the object of the bill is to encourage fishermen and thereby increase their
numbers, and to govern them by certain laws by which they will be kept under
due restraint, 360;
these points considered, 360;
the bill proposes to commute the drawback on the exportation of fish to a
payment on the tonnage--thus no bounty, 361;
the bill contemplates no more than what the merchant is entitled to by
existing laws, 361;
the powers of the Government must, in various cases, extend to granting
bounties, 361.

A material distinction here between an allowance as a mere commutation and
modification of a drawback, and an allowance in the nature of a real and
positive bounty, 362;
the term bounty improper here, and does not express the sense of the bill,
362;
some think Congress may do any thing they may think conducive to the
"_general welfare_" 362;
this term examined at some length, 362;
consequences of the novel idea advanced, 363;
the power of Congress, if established to this latitude, would subvert the
Government, 363;
is it worthy the attention of the Government that the cod fisheries should
be preserved? 363;
privilege carefully secured in the treaty with Great Britain, 363;
products obtained in exchange for fish are dutiable, 364.

Congress does not possess the power, 364;
arguments for the bounty examined at length, 365;
perhaps the State Legislature should give the bounty, 365;
framers of the constitution guarded against partial preferences extremely,
366;
is it politic and wise to exert this power even if it be authorized by the
constitution? 366;
an examination of terms used, 368;
distinction between bounties and drawbacks, 368;
arguments drawn from the term "general welfare" dangerous, 368;
general welfare and particular welfare, 368;
the inherent rights of the Government, 369;
passage of the bill, 369.

_Coffee_, duty on, 33.

COFFIN, PELEG, Jr., Representative from Massachusetts, 456, 528.

COIT, JOSHUA, Representative from Connecticut, 457, 527, 604;
on the rights of the House relative to treaties, 687;
on the execution of the British treaty, 731;
on the admission of Tennessee, 757.

COLES, ISAAC, Representative from Virginia, 23, 175, 456, 604.

_Commerce of United States._--Report of Secretary of State on the
privileges, and restrictions on the commerce of the United States in foreign
countries, considered, 458;
_note_ on, 458;
proceedings previous to the adoption of the constitution, 458;
duty to see if such measures could not be taken as would be promotive of
those objects for which the Government was in a great measure instituted, 458;
effects of such a movement, 458;
numerous considerations advanced, 459;
line to which the debate should be confined, 464;
Great Britain and France, the two powers aimed at in the restrictions
proposed, 464;
an accurate and impartial comparison of the commercial systems of the two
countries in reference to the United States; the test of the solidity of these
propositions, 464;
results of the comparison, 464.

Should any thing be done at this time in the way of commercial regulations
towards vindicating and advancing our national interests? 465;
Navigation Act of Great Britain, 465;
to allow trade to regulate itself, is not to be admitted as a maxim
universally sound, 465;
history of American policy, 466;
trade between the United States and Great Britain, considered, 466.

We should not regard the favoring of the French and British nation, but
study to do that which would tend to the promotion of our own commerce
and the interest of our own navigation, 467;
which would suffer most, the United States or Great Britain? 467;
three fourths of our revenue is derived from our commerce with Great
Britain, 467;
our intercourse with Great Britain, excepting some points, is as favorable
as we can expect, 468;
a judicious system of regulations would be of infinite advantage to the
maritime interest of this country, 468;
principles in regard to trade, 468;
the subject is divided into navigation and manufactures, 469;
navigation considered, 469;
benefits derived from the consumption of European manufactures, 470;
on the trade between America and Great Britain, 471;
fixed principles and regulations by which to promote our commerce, 472;
question considered in a political light, 472;
the question postponed, 473.

_Promoting Commerce_ by the increase of American seamen; moved that a
committee be appointed to report bills for, 395;
injury and insult arising from having British seamen, 395;
cases of search and seizure stated, 396;
conduct of Great Britain, 396;
Government should take steps to secure abundance of American seamen, 396;
motion adopted, 396.

_Committee._--Senate, 1st Congress; on judiciary, 10;
on rules in cases of conference, 10;
on manner of electing chaplains, 10;
on arrangements for receiving President, 10;
to wait on Vice President, 11;
on conducting the ceremonial of receiving the President, 11;
to prepare an answer to Washington's Inaugural, 12;
of House to report a bill regulating oaths, 22;
of House to receive President, 37;
to receive Vice President, 37;
on supplies ordered, 46;
appointed, 46;
on disposition of papers in the office of late Secretary of United States,
46;
on the answer to Washington's Inaugural, 46;
on supplies; instructions to, 57;
of Conference with Senate on disagreement relative to title of President,
69;
to draft bills organizing Executive Departments, 94;
to draft bills on pay of members, 126;
on the establishment of a land office, 127;
on enrolled bills, 129;
to bring in bills relative to a seat of Government, 164;
of Senate to draft an address to the President, 169;
of Senate to bring in a bill additional to the Judiciary Act, 170;
on unfinished business of last session, 170;
of House on unfinished business of the last session, 171;
to wait upon the President, 175;
to prepare an address to the President, 178;
of Senate to draft an answer to the President's address, third session,
first Congress, 253;
standing, appointed by the Speaker, 315;
on rules, 315;
to prepare an answer to the President's address, 316.

_Compensation of the President, &c._--Report of a committee on the
compensation of President, Vice President, Senators, and Representatives
considered, 116;
in what style is the President expected to live? 116;
is five thousand dollars in proportion to the services of the Vice
President? 116;
members should know the rate at which they are paid in order to regulate
their expenses, 116;
the pay of the President should be granted as one sum, 117;
under the constitution, he can receive no other emolument, 117;
the provision in the report for paying the expenses of enumerated articles,
house, furniture, clerks, horses, does not leave the President in the
situation contemplated by the constitution, 117;
furniture and plate should always be provided by Government, 117;
report perfectly constitutional; if one thing can be allowed, another can
be, 117;
the constitution intends nothing but a fixed compensation for his services,
117;
compensation should be according to services, and the President allowed to
live as he pleased, 118;
there should be proper dignity attached to the office, 118; motion to strike
out enumerated articles, horses, &c., carried, 118;
motion to strike out twenty and insert thirty thousand dollars, 118;
do. divided, first carried, 118; various sums proposed, 119;
if we knew the style in which the President should live, amount of pay would
be easy to determine, 119;
experiment only can tell, 119;
$25,000 sufficient to test it, 119; various sums farther considered, 120;
$25,000 adopted, 120.

_Compensation of Vice President_ considered, 120;
$5,000 per annum in quarterly payments reported, 120;
nothing in the constitution gives him a right to a salary, 120;
moved to strike out $5,000 in order to allow salary when he acts as
President, and daily pay for services in the Senate, 120;
$5,000 is out of proportion to $25,000, 120;
it should be a perpetual salary as he is expected to remain at the seat of
Government, and be ready in case of death of the President, 120;
a compensation is to be made only for services rendered, 120;
Lieutenant Governors of States, 120;
services required of Vice President, 121;
advantages of the position, 121;
constitution silent on the subject, 121;
therefore left to the Legislature to determine, 121;
pay according to services does not hold good in Executive and
Judiciary Departments, 121;
the post not a sinecure, 121;
no more entitled to an allowance than the other members of the
Legislature are, 122;
shall the Vice President receive a per diem or an annual salary?
the constitution should serve as the ground by which to determine, 122;
all motions lost and original proposition agreed to, 123.

_Pay of Senators and Representatives_ considered, 123;
six dollars per day and for every twenty miles proposed, 123;
six per day for Senators and five for Representatives moved, 123;
a distinction made in the constitution, 123;
discrimination opposed, 123;
discrimination urged on the ground of different qualifications and mode of
election, 123;
difference not perceived in the constitution, 124;
discrimination evidently contemplated in the constitution, 124;
unless adopted, proper Senators may not be obtained, 124;
no difference in Legislative concerns, 124;
arguments in favor of discrimination considered, 124;
do. 125;
distinction marked in many points, 125;
a discrimination may eventually be a public injury, 126;
a measure injurious to the Government, 126;
motion lost, 126;
bill for compensation, &c., 129;
moved to strike out six dollars as pay of members, 129;
objects of the mover, 130;
six dollars too high, 130;
present course is contrary to all Parliamentary proceeding, 130;
motion to strike out lost, 131;
bill reported to the House, and moved to strike out six dollars, and insert
five, 131;
six too high, 131;
consider the principles upon which the President, Judges and members are to
be paid, 131;
necessary to secure an independent Legislature, 132;
five high enough, 132;
insinuations of improper and unworthy motives in the movers, 133;
motion lost, 133.

Annual salary proposed of $1,000 for members of the House, 635;
present mode good--no alteration necessary, 635;
members be induced to greater despatch in business, 635;
public think the session unreasonably protracted, 635;
annual salary causes neglect of business, 635;
a salary, a bounty to neglect business, 635;
a measure affords no advantage, 636;
many suppose the bill to cover advance pay--yearly allowance not shorten
sessions, 636;
further consideration advanced, 636;
motion to strike out the word annual passed, 637;
motion to strike out greater allowance to the Speaker, 638;
debated at length, 638;
motion lost, 639.

_Congress._--Day of meeting, 9;
_note_, 46;
proposition to adjourn first session, 16;
adjournment of first session, 20;
compensation of members, 116;
debate on, 116;
pay of members, 123;
debate on discrimination in pay of members of two Houses, 123;
compensation of members and officers, 129;
debate on amount of pay, 129;
first session, adjournment of, 167;
second session, day of meeting, 168;
members of, when term of office commenced, 171;
second session, 175;
first, third session, 251;
first, closed, 308;
second, first session, 309;
second, first session closed, 379;
second session commenced, 388;
third, first session, 455;
third, second session, 520;
adjournment, second session of third Congress, 591;
fourth, first session, 592.

_Connecticut._--Vote for President, 10, 385.

_Constitution._--Amendment of, proposed by Virginia, 47;
how treated by the House, 48;
debate on the mode of, 133;
on the freedom of conscience, 137;
right of instruction, 138;
debate on, 138;
vote on, 144;
all amendments, in one report, 144;
constitution, amendments of; _see Amendment_ of the constitution.

CONTEE, BENJAMIN, Representative from Maryland, 89, 175.

_Contested Elections._--Debate on the resolution that William Smith,
member of the House, had been seven years a resident of the United
States at the time of his election, 94;
statement of Mr. Smith, 94;
was Mr. Smith a citizen of South Carolina during his absence in Europe? 97;
if the laws of the State decided him to be, that should settle the question,
97;
is the gentleman eligible to a seat in the House, or has he been seven years
in the United States? 97;
qualities of a citizen and an alien, 97;
to become a citizen, allegiance is first due to the whole nation, 98;
what was the situation of the people of America when the dissolution of
their allegiance took place? 98;
views of Mr. Madison, 98;
opposite views of Mr. Jackson, 99;
vote admitting Mr. Smith, 99.

_Ineligibility of Albert Gallatin_ to a seat in the Senate, considered,
448;
on the petition of Conrad Earle, reported that it remains with Mr. G. to
prove his citizenship, 448;
facts stated, 448;
who shall open the prosecution and conclude the arguments? 449;
Mr. G. was an inhabitant of the United States before the peace of 1783, 449;
all previous laws respecting aliens were done away, 449;
he conceived himself a citizen from the time of his first qualifying, 449.

Qualifications required in Virginia and Massachusetts, 449;
mischievous consequences of permitting such innovations, 449;
the doctrine of the old law still virtually in force, 449;
other objections considered, 450;
reply of Mr. Gallatin, 450, 451, 452;
vote of the Senate, 452.

COOPER, WILLIAM, Representative from New York, 604.

_Cotton_, its introduction into South Carolina contemplated, 37.

COUNT DE GRASSE, Memorial of heirs of, 582.

CRABB, JEREMIAH, Representative from Maryland, 624.

_Creek Nation._--Secret article of treaty with, 173.

_Crown on the State House_ at New Haven, 563.