Chapter C: SCOPARIUS, Link. (SCOTCH BROOM.) Glabrous or nearly so (3--5 deg. high);

leaflets small, obovate, often reduced to a single one; flowers solitary or in pairs, on slender pedicels, in the axils of the old leaves, forming leafy racemes along the upper branches; style very long and spirally incurved.--Va. and southward. (Nat. from Eu.)

8. LUPINUS, Tourn. LUPINE.

Calyx very deeply 2-lipped. Sides of the standard reflexed; keel scythe-shaped, pointed. Sheath of the monadelphous stamens entire; anthers alternately oblong and roundish. Pod oblong, flattened, often knotty by constrictions between the seeds. Cotyledons thick and fleshy.--Herbs, with palmately 1--15-foliolate leaves, stipules adnate to base of the petiole, and showy flowers in terminal racemes or spikes. (Name from _Lupus_, a wolf, because these plants were thought to devour the fertility of the soil.)

1. L. perennis, L. (WILD LUPINE.) Perennial, somewhat hairy; stem erect (1--2 deg.); leaflets 7--11, oblanceolate; flowers in a long raceme, showy, purplish-blue (rarely pale); pods broad, very hairy, 5--6-seeded.--Sandy soil, N. Eng. to Minn., Mo., and south to the Gulf.--Var. OCCIDENTALIS, Watson, has stems and petioles more villous.--Mich. and Wisc.

2. L. pusillus, Pursh. Annual, low, villous; leaflets usually 5; racemes short, sessile; flowers purple or rose-color; pods oval, hirsute, 2-seeded.--Central Dak. and Kan., and westward.

9. TRIFOLIUM, Tourn. CLOVER. TREFOIL.

Calyx persistent, 5-cleft, the teeth bristle-form. Corolla mostly withering or persistent; the claws of all the petals, or of all except the oblong or ovate standard, more or less united below with the stamen-tube; keel short and obtuse. Tenth stamen more or less separate. Pods small and membranous, often included in the calyx, 1--6-seeded, indehiscent, or opening by one of the sutures.--Tufted or diffuse herbs. Leaves mostly palmately, sometimes pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets usually toothed. Stipules united with the petiole. Flowers in heads or spikes. (Name from _tres_, three, and _folium_, a leaf.)

[*] _Flowers sessile in dense heads; corolla purple or purplish, withering away after flowering, tubular below, the petals more or less coherent with each other._

[+] _Calyx-teeth silky-plumose, longer than the whitish corolla; root annual._

T. ARVENSE, L. (RABBIT-FOOT or STONE CLOVER.) Silky, branching (5--10' high); leaflets oblanceolate; heads becoming very soft-silky and grayish, oblong or cylindrical.--Old fields, etc. (Nat. from Eu.)

[+][+] _Calyx scarcely hairy except a bearded ring in the throat, shorter than the rose-purple elongated-tubular corolla. (Short-lived perennials; flowers sweet-scented.)_

T. PRATENSE, L. (RED C.) Stems ascending, somewhat hairy; _leaflets oval or obovate, often notched_ at the end and marked on the upper side with a pale spot; _stipules broad, bristle-pointed; heads ovate, sessile_.--Fields and meadows; largely cultivated. (Adv. from Eu.)

T. MEDIUM, L. (ZIGZAG C.) Stems zigzag, smoothish; _leaflets oblong, entire_, and spotless; _heads mostly stalked_; flowers deeper purple, otherwise too like the last.--Dry hills, N. Scotia to E. Mass. (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] _Flowers pedicelled in umbel-like round heads on a naked peduncle, their short pedicels reflexed when old; corolla white or rose-color, withering-persistent and turning brownish in fading; the tubular portion short._

1. T. reflexum, L. (BUFFALO C.) Annual or biennial; _stems ascending, downy; leaflets obovate-oblong_, finely toothed; stipules thin, ovate; standard rose-red, wings and keel whitish; calyx-teeth hairy; pods 3--5-seeded.--Western N. Y. and Ont. to Iowa, Kan., and southward.

2. T. stoloniferum, Muhl. (RUNNING BUFFALO-C.) Smooth, _perennial; stems with long runners_ from the base; _leaflets broadly obovate or obcordate_, minutely toothed; heads loose; flowers white, tinged with purple; pods 2-seeded.--Open woodlands and prairies, Ohio and Ky., west to Iowa and Kan.

3. T. repens, L. (WHITE C.) Smooth, perennial; the slender _stems spreading and creeping; leaflets inversely heart-shaped_ or merely notched, obscurely toothed; stipules scale-like, narrow; petioles and especially the peduncles very long; heads small and loose; _calyx much shorter than the white corolla_; pods about 4-seeded.--Fields and copses, everywhere. Indigenous only in the northern part of our range, if at all.

4. T. Carolinianum, Michx. Somewhat pubescent small perennial, _procumbent, in tufts_; leaflets wedge-obovate and slightly notched; stipules ovate, foliaceous; heads small on slender peduncles; _calyx-teeth_ lanceolate, nearly _equalling the purplish corolla; standard pointed_; pods 4-seeded.--Waste ground near Philadelphia, south to Va., Fla., and Tex.

T. HYBRIDUM, L. (ALSIKE C.) Resembling T. repens, but the stems erect or ascending, not rooting at the nodes; flowers rose-tinted.--Becoming common. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Flowers short-pedicelled in close heads, reflexed when old; corolla yellow, persistent, turning dry and chestnut-brown with age, the standard becoming hood-shaped; annuals, fl. in summer._

T. AGRARIUM, L. (YELLOW or HOP-C.) Smoothish, somewhat upright (6--12' high); _leaflets obovate-oblong, all three from the same point_ (palmate) and nearly sessile; _stipules narrow, cohering with the petiole for more than half its length_.--Sandy fields and roadsides; N. Scotia to Va.; also in western N. Y. (Nat. from Eu.)

T. PROCUMBENS, L. (LOW HOP-C.) Stems spreading or ascending, pubescent (3--6' high); _leaflets wedge-obovate_, notched at the end, _the lateral at a small distance from the other_ (pinnately 3-foliolate); _stipules ovate, short_.--Sandy fields and roadsides, common.--Var. MINUS, Gray, has smaller heads, the standard not much striate with age. (Nat. from Eu.)

10. MELILOTUS, Tourn. MELILOT. SWEET CLOVER.

Flowers much as in Trifolium, but in spike-like racemes, small; corolla deciduous, free from the stamen-tube. Pod ovoid, coriaceous, wrinkled, longer than the calyx, scarcely dehiscent, 1--2-seeded.--Annual or biennial herbs, fragrant in drying, with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, leaflets toothed. (Name from [Greek: me/li], _honey_, and [Greek: loto/s], some leguminous plant.)

M. OFFICINALIS, Willd. (YELLOW MELILOT.) Upright (2--4 deg. high); leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse; _corolla yellow_; the petals nearly of equal length.--Waste or cultivated grounds. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. ALBA, Lam. (WHITE M.) Leaflets truncate; _corolla white_; the standard longer than the other petals.--In similar places. (Adv. from Eu.)

11. MEDICAGO, Tourn. MEDICK.

Flowers nearly as in Melilotus. Pod 1--several-seeded, scythe-shaped, incurved, or variously coiled.--Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets toothed; stipules often cut. ([Greek: Medike/], the name of Lucerne, because it came to the Greeks from Media.)

M. SATIVA, L. (LUCERNE. ALFALFA.) Upright, smooth, perennial; leaflets obovate-oblong, toothed; _flowers (purple) racemed_; pods spirally twisted.--Cultivated for green fodder; spontaneous from Mass. to Minn. and Kan. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. LUPULINA, L. (BLACK MEDICK. NONESUCH.) Procumbent, pubescent, annual; leaflets wedge-obovate, toothed at the apex; _flowers in short spikes_ (yellow); _pods kidney-form_, 1-seeded.--Waste places, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Mich., Iowa, and Mo. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. MACULATA, Willd. (SPOTTED MEDICK.) Spreading or procumbent annual, somewhat pubescent; leaflets obcordate, with a purple spot, minutely toothed; _peduncles 3--5-flowered_; flowers yellow; _pods compactly spiral_, of 2 or 3 turns, compressed, _furrowed on the thick edge_, and fringed with a double row of curved prickles.--N. Brunswick to Mass. (Adv. from Eu.)