Chapter L: PRATENSIS, L. Low and straggling; leaflets narrowly lanceolate to

linear, acute; peduncles several-flowered.--Spontaneous in Mass., N. Y., and Ont. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] _Tendrils usually wanting; low, mostly erect; stipules semi-sagittate; flowers very large, purple; pod stipitate in the calyx._

5. L. polymorphus, Nutt. Leaflets 3--6 pairs, narrowly oblong to linear, thick and strongly nerved, 1--2' long; seeds with a narrow footstalk and short hilum.--Mo., Kan., and westward.

6. L. ornatus, Nutt. Like the last, but leaflets always narrow, 3--12'' long; seeds with a very broad footstalk and long hilum.--Kan. to Col. and Dak. Scarcely 1 deg. high.

32. APIOS, Boerhaave. GROUND-NUT. WILD BEAN.

Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the 2 lateral teeth being nearly obsolete, the upper very short, the lower one longest. Standard very broad, reflexed; the long scythe-shaped keel strongly incurved, at length coiled. Stamens diadelphous. Pod straight or slightly curved, linear, elongated, thickish, many-seeded.--A perennial herb (with some milky juice!), twining and climbing over bushes, and bearing edible tubers on underground shoots. Leaflets 3--7, ovate-lanceolate, obscurely stipellate. Flowers in dense and short, often branching racemes. (Name from [Greek: a)/pion], _a pear_, from the shape of the tubers.)

1. A. tuberosa, Moench. Flowers brown-purple or chocolate-color, violet-scented.--Low grounds, N. Brunswick to Fla., west to Minn., Kan., and La.

33. PHASEOLUS, Tourn. KIDNEY BEAN.

Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft, the two upper teeth often higher united. Keel of the corolla, with the included stamens and style, spirally coiled. Stamens diadelphous. Style bearded along the upper side; stigma oblique or lateral. Pod scythe-shaped, several--many-seeded, tipped with the hardened base of the style. Seeds round-reniform, with very short hilum. Cotyledons thick and fleshy, rising out of the ground nearly unchanged in germination.--Twining herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers racemose, produced in summer and autumn. (The ancient name of the Kidney Bean.)

1. P. perennis, Walt. (WILD BEAN.) Stem climbing high from a perennial root; leaflets roundish-ovate, short-pointed; flowers purple, handsome, but small; pods drooping, strongly curved, 4--5-seeded.--Copses, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn. and La.

34. STROPHOSTYLES, Ell.

Keel of the corolla with the included stamens and style elongated, strongly incurved, not spirally coiled. Pod linear, terete or flattish, straight or nearly so. Seeds quadrate or oblong with truncate ends, mealy-pubescent or glabrate; hilum linear. Flowers few, sessile and capitate clustered on the mostly long peduncles. Otherwise as Phaseolus.--Stems prostrate or climbing, more or less retrorsely hairy. Stipules and bracts striate. (Name from [Greek: strophe/], _a turning_, and [Greek: sty~los], _a style_.)

1. S. angulosa, Ell. _Annual_; stems branched, 1--6 deg. long; leaflets ovate to oblong-ovate (rarely linear-oblong), _with a more or less prominent rounded lobe toward the base (the terminal 2-lobed)_, or some or all often entire, about 1' (6--20'') long; corolla greenish-white and purplish; pod terete, 2--3' long by 3'' wide, 4--8-seeded, nearly glabrous; _seeds oblong, about 3'' long_, usually very pubescent. (Phaseolus diversifolius, _Pers._ P. helvolus, _L._)--Sandy shores and river-banks; coast of Mass. and southward, along the Great Lakes to Minn., and south to Kan. and Tex.

Var. Missouriensis, Watson in herb. Climbing high (10--30 deg.); leaves often 3' long, rhombic-ovate, rarely at all lobed; seeds 3--4'' long.--River-bottoms near Independence, Mo.; nearly two months later. (_F. Bush._)

2. S. peduncularis, Ell. Stems _more slender_, from a _perennial_ rootstock, 2--4 deg. long; leaflets ovate to oblong-linear, _rarely at all lobed_, 1' long or less; pod 11/2--2' long and _scarcely 2'' wide_; seeds _much smaller_, 11/2--2'' long, short-oblong to quadrate. (Phaseolus helvolus, _Man._, etc., not _L._)--Sandy ground, Long Island and N. J. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Ky., and La.

3. S. pauciflorus, Watson in herb. _Annual_, slender, low-climbing, pubescent; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong to linear, not lobed, 1' long; pod pubescent, 1' long, flattish; seeds as in the last, very finely mealy, soon glabrate. (Phaseolus pauciflorus, _Benth._)--River-banks, Ind. to Minn., south to Miss. and Tex.

35. CENTROSEMA, DC. SPURRED BUTTERFLY-PEA.

Calyx short, 5-cleft. Corolla, etc., much as in Clitoria, but the spreading standard with a spur-shaped projection on the back near the base; keel broad. Style bearded at the apex around the terminal stigma. Pod long and linear, flat, pointed with the awl-shaped style, many-seeded, thickened at the edges, the valves marked with a raised line on each side next the margin.--Twining perennials, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, and large showy flowers. Stipules, bracts, and bractlets striate, the latter longer than the calyx. (Name from [Greek: ke/ntron], _a spur_, and [Greek: se/ma], _a standard_.)

1. C. Virginianum, Benth. Rather rough with minute hairs; leaflets varying from oblong-ovate to lanceolate and linear, very veiny, shining; peduncles 1--4-flowered; calyx-teeth linear-awl-shaped; corolla violet, 1' long; pods straight, 4--5' long.--Sandy woods, Md. to Fla. and Ark. (Trop. Am.)

36. CLITORIA, L. BUTTERFLY-PEA.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Standard much larger than the rest of the flower, erect, rounded, notched at the top, not spurred on the back; keel small, shorter than the wings, incurved, acute. Stamens monadelphous below. Style bearded down the inner face. Pod linear-oblong, flattish, knotty, several-seeded, pointed with the base of the style.--Erect or twining perennials, with mostly pinnately 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, and very large flowers. Peduncles 1--3-flowered; bractlets opposite, striate. (Derivation recondite.)

1. C. Mariana, L. Low, ascending or twining, smooth; leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate; stipules and bracts awl-shaped; peduncles short; the showy pale-blue flowers 2' long.--Dry banks, N. Y. to Va. and Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

37. AMPHICARPAEA, Ell. HOG PEA-NUT.

Flowers of 2 kinds; those of the racemes from the upper branches perfect, but seldom ripening fruit; those near the base and on filiform creeping branches with the corolla none or rudimentary, and few free stamens, but fruitful. Calyx about equally 4- (rarely 5-) toothed; bractlets none or minute. Keel and wing-petals similar, almost straight; the standard partly folded round them. Stamens diadelphous. Style beardless. Pods of the upper flowers, when formed, somewhat scymetar-shaped, stipitate, 3--4-seeded; of the lower ones commonly subterranean and fleshy, obovate or pear-shaped, ripening usually but one large seed.--Low and slender perennials; the twining stems clothed with brownish hairs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets rhombic-ovate, stipellate. Flowers in simple or compound racemes, purplish. Bracts persistent, round, partly clasping, striate, as well as the stipules. (Name from [Greek: a)mphi/], _both_, and [Greek: karpo/s], _fruit_, in allusion to the two kinds of pods.)

1. A. monoica, Nutt. Leaflets thin, 1/2--2' long; racemes nodding; calyx of upper flowers 2'' long, the ovary glabrous except the hairy margin; pod 1' long; ovary and pod of the rudimentary flowers hairy.--Rich damp woodlands, common. Aug., Sept.

2. A. Pitcheri, Torr. & Gray. Leaflets usually 2--4' long; rhachis of the racemes usually villous; calyx 3'' long, the teeth acuminate; ovary hairy.--Western N. Y. to Ill., Mo., La., and Tex. The upper flowers more commonly fertile; apparently producing subterranean fruit but rarely.

38. GALACTIA, P. Browne. MILK-PEA.

Calyx 4-cleft; the lobes acute, the upper one broadest, entire. Keel scarcely incurved. Stamens diadelphous or nearly so. Style beardless. Pod linear, flat, several-seeded (some few of them rarely partly subterranean and fleshy or deformed).--Low, mostly prostrate or twining perennial herbs. Leaflets usually 3, stipellate. Flowers in somewhat interrupted or knotty racemes, purplish; in summer. (Name from [Greek: ga/la], -[Greek: aktos], _milk_; some species being said to yield a milky juice, which is unlikely.)

1. G. glabella, Michx. _Stems nearly smooth_, prostrate; leaflets elliptical or ovate-oblong, sometimes slightly hairy beneath; racemes short, 4--8-flowered; _pods somewhat hairy_.--Sandy woods, southern N. Y. to Va., Fla., and Miss.

2. G. pilosa, Ell. _Stems_ (decumbent and somewhat twining) and _leaves beneath soft-downy and hoary_; leaflets oval; racemes many-flowered, _pods very downy_. (G. mollis, _Gray_, Manual; not _Michx._)--Penn. to Fla. and Miss.

39. RHYNCHOSIA, Lour.

Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, or deeply 4--5-parted. Keel scythe-shaped, or incurved at the apex. Stamens diadelphous. Ovules only 2. Pod 1--2-seeded, short and flat, 2-valved.--Usually twining or trailing perennial herbs, pinnately 3-foliolate, or with a single leaflet, not stipellate. Flowers yellow, racemose or clustered. (Name from [Greek: r(y/nchos], _a beak_, from the shape of the keel.)

1. R. tomentosa, Hook. & Arn. _Trailing and twining_, the stem and leaves more or less _pubescent with spreading hairs_; leaflets 3, _roundish or round-rhombic_, acute or acutish; _racemes_ few-flowered, almost _sessile in the axils_; calyx about as long as the corolla, 4-parted, the upper lobe 2-cleft; pod oblong. (R. tomentosa, var. volubilis, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Dry soil, Va. to Fla. and Tex.

2. R. erecta, DC. _Erect_, 1--2 deg. high; stem and leaves _more or less tomentose; leaflets 3, oval to oblong_, obtuse or acutish; racemes short and shortly pedunculate. (R. tomentosa, var. erecta, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Del. to Fla. and Miss.

3. R. reniformis, DC. _Dwarf and upright_, 3--8' high; _pubescence spreading; leaflets solitary_ (rarely 3), _round-reniform_, very obtuse or apiculate; racemes few-flowered, sessile in the axils. (R. tomentosa, var. monophylla, _Torr. & Gray_.)--Va. to Fla. and Miss.

40. CERCIS, L. RED-BUD. JUDAS-TREE.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla imperfectly papilionaceous; standard smaller than the wings, and enclosed by them in the bud; the keel-petals larger and not united. Stamens 10, distinct, declined. Pod oblong, flat, many-seeded, the upper suture with a winged margin. Embryo straight.--Trees, with rounded heart-shaped simple leaves, caducous stipules, and red-purple flowers in umbel-like clusters along the branches of the last or preceding years, appearing before the leaves, acid to the taste. (The ancient name of the Oriental _Judas-tree_.)

1. C. Canadensis, L. (RED-BUD.) Leaves pointed; pods nearly sessile above the calyx.--Rich soil, N. Y. and N. J. to Fla., west to S. Minn., Kan., and La. A small ornamental tree, often cultivated.

41. CASSIA, Tourn. SENNA.

Sepals 5, scarcely united at base. Petals 5, little unequal, spreading. Stamens 5--10, unequal, and some of them often imperfect, spreading; anthers opening by 2 pores or chinks at the apex. Pod many-seeded, often with cross partitions.--Herbs (in the United States), with simply and abruptly pinnate leaves, and mostly yellow flowers. (An ancient name of obscure derivation.)

[*] _Leaflets large; stipules deciduous; the three upper anthers deformed and imperfect; flowers in short axillary racemes, the upper ones panicled; herbage glabrous_.

1. C. Marilandica, L. (WILD SENNA.) Stem 3--4 deg. high; _leaflets 6--9 pairs, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse_; petiole with a club-shaped gland near the base; pods linear, slightly curved, flat, at first hairy (2--4' long); root perennial.--Alluvial soil, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Mich., S. E. Neb., Kan., and La.

2. C. Tora, L. Annual; _leaflets 3 or rarely 2 pairs, obovate, obtuse_, with an elongated gland between those of the lower pairs or lowest pair; pods slender, 6' long, curved. (C. obtusifolia, _L._)--River-banks, S. Va. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Mo., and Ark.