Chapter V: OLITORIA, Poll. Fruit flattish, obliquely rhomboidal; empty cells as (3)

Heads many-flowered, dioecious; flowers all tubular; pistillate corollas very slender. Involucre dry and scarious, white or colored, imbricated. Receptacle convex or flat, not chaffy. Anthers caudate. Achenes terete or flattish; pappus a single row of bristles, in the fertile flowers capillary, united at base so as to fall in a ring, and in the sterile thickened and club-shaped or barbellate at the summit.--Perennial white-woolly herbs, with entire leaves and corymbed (rarely single) heads. Corolla yellowish. (Name from the resemblance of the sterile pappus to the _antennae_ of certain insects.)

1. A. plantaginifolia, Hook. (PLANTAIN-LEAVED EVERLASTING.) Spreading by offsets and runners, low (3--18' high); leaves silky-woolly when young, at length green above and hoary beneath; those of the simple and scape-like flowering stems small, lanceolate, appressed; the radical obovate or oval-spatulate, petioled, ample, 3-nerved; heads in a small crowded corymb; scales of the (mostly white) involucre obtuse in the sterile, and acutish and narrower in the fertile plant.--Sterile knolls and banks; common. March--May.

32. ANAPHALIS, DC. EVERLASTING.

Characters as of Antennaria, but the pappus in the sterile flowers not thickened at the summit or scarcely so, and that of the fertile flowers not at all united at base; fertile heads usually with a few perfect but sterile flowers in the centre. (Said to be an ancient Greek name of some similar plant.)

1. A. margaritacea, Benth. & Hook. (PEARLY EVERLASTING.) Stem erect (1--2 deg. high), corymbose at the summit, with many heads, leafy; leaves broadly to linear-lanceolate, taper-pointed, sessile, soon green above; involucral scales pearly-white, very numerous, obtuse or rounded, radiating in age. (Antennaria margaritacea, _R. Br._)--Dry hills and woods, common northward. Aug. (N. E. Asia.)

33. GNAPHALIUM, L. CUDWEED.

Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular, the outer pistillate and very slender, the central perfect. Scales of the involucre dry and scarious, white or colored, imbricated in several rows. Receptacle flat, naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes terete or flattish; pappus a single row of capillary rough bristles.--Woolly herbs, with sessile or decurrent leaves, and clustered or corymbed heads; fl. in summer and autumn. Corolla whitish or yellowish. (Name from [Greek: gna/phalon], _a lock of wool_, in allusion to the floccose down.)

Sec. 1. GNAPHALIUM proper. _Bristles of the pappus distinct._

1. G. polycephalum, Michx. (COMMON EVERLASTING.) Erect, woolly annual (1--3 deg. high), fragrant; _leaves lanceolate, tapering at the base_, with undulate margins, _not decurrent_, smoothish above; _heads clustered at the summit of the panicled-corymbose branches_, ovate-conical before expansion, then obovate; scales (whitish) ovate and oblong, rather obtuse; perfect flowers few.--Old fields and woods; common.

2. G. decurrens, Ives. (EVERLASTING.) Stout, erect (2 deg. high), annual or biennial, branched at the top, clammy-pubescent, white-woolly on the branches, bearing numerous _heads in dense corymbed clusters; leaves linear-lanceolate, partly clasping, decurrent_; scales yellowish-white, oval, acutish.--Hillsides, N. J. and Penn. to Maine, Mich., Minn., and northward.

3. G. uliginosum, L. (LOW CUDWEED.) _Diffusely branched_, appressed-woolly annual (3--6' high); leaves spatulate-oblanceolate or linear, not decurrent; _heads (small) in terminal sessile capitate clusters_ subtended by leaves; scales brownish, less imbricated.--Low grounds; common, especially east and northward; perhaps introduced. (Eu.)

4. G. supinum, Villars. (MOUNTAIN CUDWEED.) Dwarf and tufted perennial (2' high); leaves linear, woolly; heads solitary or few and spiked on the slender simple flowering stems; scales brown, lanceolate, acute, nearly glabrous; achenes broader and flatter.--Alpine summit of Mount Washington; very rare. (Eu.)

Sec. 2. GAMOCHAETA. _Bristles of the pappus united at the very base into a ring, so falling off all together._

5. G. purpureum, L. (PURPLISH CUDWEED.) Annual, simple or branched from the base, ascending (6--20' high), silvery-canescent with dense white wool; leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse, not decurrent, green above; _heads_ in sessile clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, and spiked at the wand-like summit of the stem; scales tawny, the inner often marked with purple.--Sandy or gravelly soil, coast of Maine to Va., and southward.

34. ADENOCAULON, Hook.

Heads 5--10-flowered; the flowers all tubular and with similar corollas; the marginal ones pistillate, fertile; the others perfect but sterile. Involucral scales few, equal, in a single row, not scarious. Receptacle flat, naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes elongated at maturity, club-shaped, beset with stalked glands above; pappus none.--Slender perennials, with the alternate thin and petioled leaves smooth and green above, white-woolly beneath, and few small (whitish) heads in a loose panicle, beset with glands (whence the name, from [Greek: a)de/n], _a gland_, and [Greek: kaulo/s], _a stem_).

1. A. bicolor, Hook. Leaves triangular, rather heart-shaped, with angular-toothed margins; petioles margined.--Moist woods, shore of Lake Superior, and westward. Stem 1--3 deg. high.

35. INULA, L. ELECAMPANE.

Heads many-flowered, radiate; disk-flowers perfect and fertile. Involucre imbricated, hemispherical, the outer scales herbaceous or leaf-like. Receptacle naked. Anthers caudate. Achenes more or less 4--5-ribbed; pappus simple, of capillary bristles.--Coarse herbs, not floccose-woolly, with alternate simple leaves, and large yellow flowers. (The ancient Latin name.)