Chapter C: PETROSELINUM, Benth., the common PARSLEY, from Europe, with 3-pinnate

leaves, ovate 3-cleft leaflets, and greenish yellow flowers, is occasionally found as an escape from cultivation. (Petroselinum sativum, _Hoffm._)

26. CICUTA, L. WATER-HEMLOCK.

Calyx-teeth prominent. Fruit oblong to nearly orbicular, glabrous, with strong flattish corky ribs (the lateral largest); oil-tubes conspicuous, solitary; stylopodium depressed; seed nearly terete.--Smooth marsh perennials, very poisonous, with pinnately compound leaves and serrate leaflets, involucre usually none, involucels of several slender bractlets, and white flowers. (The ancient Latin name of the Hemlock.)

1. C. maculata, L. (SPOTTED COWBANE. MUSQUASH ROOT. BEAVER-POISON.) Stem _stout_, 2--6 deg. high, streaked with purple; leaves 2--3-pinnate, the lower on long petioles; _leaflets lanceolate_ to oblong-lanceolate (1--5' long), acuminate, coarsely serrate, the veins passing to the notches; pedicels in the umbellets numerous, very unequal; fruit broadly ovate to oval, 1--11/2'' long.--Throughout the U. S. Aug.

2. C. bulbifera, L. _Rather slender_, 1--3 deg. high; leaves 2--3-pinnate (sometimes appearing ternate); _leaflets linear_, sparsely toothed (1--2' long); _upper axils bearing clustered bulblets_; fruit (rare) scarcely 1'' long.--Common in swamps, N. Scotia to Del., west to Minn. and Iowa.

27. AEGOPODIUM, L. GOUTWEED.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovate, glabrous, with equal filiform ribs, and no oil-tubes; stylopodium conical and prominent; seed nearly terete.--A coarse glabrous perennial, with creeping rootstock, biternate leaves, sharply toothed ovate leaflets, and rather large naked umbels of white flowers. (Name from [Greek: ai)/x], _goat_, and [Greek: po/dion], _a little foot_, probably from the shape of the leaflets.)

AE. PODAGRARIA, L., a common and troublesome weed in Europe, is reported from R. I. to Del. and E. Penn.

28. LEPTOCAULIS, Nutt.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit very small, ovate, usually bristly or tuberculate, with somewhat prominent ribs; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; stylopodium conical; seed-face plane or somewhat concave.--Very slender smooth branching annuals, with finely dissected leaves (segments filiform or linear), and small white flowers in very unequally few-rayed pedunculate umbels. (Name from [Greek: lepto/s], _slender_, and [Greek: kaulo/s], _a stem_.)

1. L. divaricatus, DC. Plant 1--2 deg. high, with branches and umbels diffusely spreading, the very slender rays 1/2--1' long and the longer pedicels often 3--6'' long; fruit tuberculate, 1/2'' long. (Apium divaricatum, _Benth. & Hook._)--N. C. to Fla., west to Ark. and Tex.; reported from Kan. April.

2. L. patens, Nutt. Of similar habit, but the umbels shorter and more strict, the rays 3--6'' long or less and the pedicels short; fruit densely sharp-tuberculate or nearly smooth. (Apiastrum patens, _Coult. & Rose._)--Central Neb. to Tex. and N. Mex.

29. DISCOPLEURA, DC. MOCK BISHOP-WEED.

Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Fruit ovate, glabrous; carpel with dorsal ribs filiform to broad and obtuse, the lateral very thick and corky, those of the two carpels closely contiguous and forming a dilated obtuse or acute corky band; oil-tubes solitary, stylopodium conical; seed nearly terete.--Smooth branching annuals, with finely dissected leaves, involucre of foliaceous bracts, involucels of prominent or minute bractlets, and white flowers. (Name from [Greek: di/skos], _a disk_, and [Greek: pleuro/n], _a rib_.)

1. D. capillacea, DC. Plant 1--2 deg. high (or even 5--6 deg.); leaves dissected into filiform divisions; umbel 5--20-rayed, involucre of filiform bracts usually cleft or parted, and involucels more or less prominent, fruit 1--11/2'' long, ovate, acute.--Wet ground, Mass. to Fla., west to Ill., Mo., and Tex. June--Oct.

2. D. Nuttallii, DC. Similar in habit; involucral bracts short and entire; fruit very small (1/2'' long), as broad as high, blunt.--Ill. (?) to Ark., La., and Tex.

30. CONIUM, L. POISON HEMLOCK.

Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovate, somewhat flattened at the sides, glabrous, with prominent wavy ribs; oil-tubes none, but a layer of secreting cells next the seed, whose face is deeply and narrowly concave.--Poisonous biennial, with spotted stems, large decompound leaves with lanceolate pinnatifid leaflets, involucre and involucels of narrow bracts, and white flowers. ([Greek: Ko/neion], the Greek name of the Hemlock, by which criminals and philosophers were put to death at Athens.)