Chapter C: SATIVA, L. (HEMP.) Stem 4--8 deg. high; leaves 4--8' broad; flowers

green.--Waste and cultivated ground. (Adv. from Eu.)

5. HUMULUS, L. HOP.

Flowers dioecious; the sterile in loose axillary panicles, with 5 sepals and 5 erect stamens. Fertile flowers in short axillary and solitary spikes or catkins; bracts foliaceous, imbricated, each 2-flowered, in fruit forming a sort of membranaceous strobile. Calyx of a single sepal, embracing the ovary. Achene invested with the enlarged scale-like calyx. Embryo coiled in a flat spiral.--Twining rough perennials, with stems almost prickly downward, and mostly opposite heart-shaped and palmately 3--7-lobed leaves, with persistent ovate stipules between the petioles. (A late Latin name, of Teutonic origin.)

1. H. Lupulus, L. (COMMON HOP.) Leaves mostly 3--5-lobed, commonly longer than the petioles; bracts, etc., smoothish; the fruiting calyx, achene, etc., sprinkled with yellow resinous grains, which give the bitterness and aroma to the hop.--Alluvial banks, N. Eng. to western N. Y., the Great Lakes and westward, and south in the mountains to Ga. July. (Eu., Asia.)

6. MACLURA, Nutt. OSAGE ORANGE. BOIS D'ARC.

Flowers dioecious; the staminate in loose short racemes, with 4-parted calyx, and 4 stamens inflexed in the bud; the pistillate in a dense globose head, with a 4-cleft calyx enclosing the ovary. Style filiform, long-exserted; ovule pendulous. Fruit an achene, buried in the greatly enlarged fleshy calyx. Albumen none. Embryo recurved.--Trees with milky juice, alternate entire pinnately veined leaves, caducous stipules, axillary peduncles, and stout axillary spines. (Named for the early American geologist, _William Maclure_.)

1. M. aurantiaca, Nutt. A tree 30--50 deg. high; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, pointed, mostly rounded at base, green and shining; syncarp globose, yellowish green, 2--3' in diameter.--E. Kan. and Mo. to N. Tex.; extensively used for hedges. Wood bright orange.

7. MORUS, Tourn. MULBERRY.

Flowers monoecious or dioecious; the two kinds in separate axillary and catkin-like spikes. Calyx 4-parted; lobes ovate. Stamens 4; filaments elastically expanding. Ovary 2-celled, one of the cells smaller and disappearing; styles 2, thread-form, stigmatic down the inside. Achene ovate, compressed, covered by the succulent berry-like calyx, the whole spike thus becoming a thickened oblong and juicy (edible) aggregate fruit.--Trees with milky juice and broad leaves; sterile spikes rather slender. (The classical Latin name.)

1. M. rubra, L. (RED MULBERRY.) _Leaves_ heart-ovate, serrate, _rough above, downy beneath_, pointed (on young shoots often lobed); flowers frequently dioecious; _fruit dark purple_, long.--Rich woods, W. New Eng. to S. Ont., Dak., E. Kan., and southward. May.--Large tree, ripening its blackberry-like fruit in July.