Chapter L: PALUSTRE, L., with linear leaves, 10 stamens, and short-oval capsule,

is found in Newfoundland and northwestward. (Eu.)

18. LEIOPHYLLUM, Pers. SAND MYRTLE.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla of 5 distinct obovate-oblong petals, spreading. Stamens 10, exserted; anthers opening lengthwise. Style filiform. Capsule 2--3-celled, splitting from the apex downward, many-seeded.--A low much-branched evergreen, with the aspect, foliage, etc., of the last genus, but the crowded leaves sometimes opposite, scarcely petioled. Flowers small, white, in terminal umbel-like clusters. (Name formed of [Greek: lei~os], _smooth_, and [Greek: phy/llon], _leaf_.)

1. L. buxifolium, Ell. Shrub 6--10' high; leaves oval or oblong, smooth and shining, 3--6'' long.--Sandy pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. May.

19. LOISELEURIA, Desv. ALPINE AZALEA.

Calyx 5-parted, nearly as long as the bell-shaped and deeply 5-cleft regular corolla. Stamens 5, not declined, included; anthers opening lengthwise. Style short. Capsule ovoid, 2--3-celled, many-seeded, 2--3-valved; valves 2-cleft from the apex; placentae borne on the middle of the columella.--A small depressed shrubby evergreen, much branched and tufted, smooth, with coriaceous opposite elliptical leaves, on short petioles, with revolute margins. Flowers small, white or rose-color, 2--5 in a cluster, from a terminal scaly bud; scales or bracts thick and persistent. (Named for _Loiseleur-Delongchamps_, a French botanist.)

1. L. procumbens, Desv.--Alpine summits of the White Mountains, N. H., and northward. June. (Eu., Asia.)

20. CLETHRA, Gronov. WHITE ALDER.

Calyx of 5 sepals, imbricated in the bud. Corolla of 5 distinct obovate-oblong petals. Stamens 10, often exserted; anthers arrow-shaped, erect in the bud, becoming inverted and opening by basal pores or short slits. Style slender, 3-cleft at the apex. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded, enclosed in the calyx.--Shrubs or trees, with alternate serrate deciduous leaves, and white flowers in terminal hoary racemes. Bracts deciduous. ([Greek: Kle/thra], the ancient Greek name of the Alder, which this genus somewhat resembles in foliage.)

1. C. alnifolia, L. (SWEET PEPPERBUSH.) Shrub 3--10 deg. high; _leaves wedge-obovate, sharply serrate_, entire toward the base, prominently straight-veined, smooth, green both sides, _racemes upright_, panicled; _bracts shorter than the flowers_; filaments smooth.--Wet copses, Maine to Va., near the coast, and southward. Covered in July and August with handsome fragrant blossoms.

2. C. acuminata, Michx. A tall shrub or small tree; _leaves oval or oblong, pointed_, thin, finely serrate (3--7' long), pale beneath; _racemes solitary, drooping; bracts longer than the flowers_; filaments and pods hairy.--Woods in the Alleghanies, Va. to Ga. July.

21. CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. PIPSISSEWA.

Petals 5, concave, orbicular, widely spreading. Stamens 10; filaments enlarged and hairy in the middle; anthers as in Pyrola, but more or less conspicuously 2-horned. Style very short, inversely conical, nearly immersed in the depressed summit of the globular ovary; stigma broad and orbicular, disk-shaped, the border 5-crenate. Capsule, etc., as in Pyrola, but splitting from the apex downward, the edges of the valves not woolly.--Low, nearly herbaceous plants, with long running underground shoots, and evergreen thick and shining leaves, somewhat whorled or scattered along the short ascending stems; the fragrant (white or purplish) flowers corymbed or umbelled on a terminal peduncle. (Name from [Greek: chei~ma], _winter_, and [Greek: phile/o], _to love_, in allusion to one of the popular names, viz., _Wintergreen_.)

1. C. umbellata, Nutt. (PRINCE'S PINE. PIPSISSEWA.) Leafy, 4--10' high; _leaves wedge-lanceolate_, sharply serrate, _not spotted_; peduncles 4--7-flowered; petals flesh-color; anthers violet.--Dry woods, Nova Scotia to Ga., west to the Pacific. June. (Eu.)

2. C. maculata, Pursh. (SPOTTED WINTERGREEN.) _Leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at the base_, remotely toothed, _the upper surface variegated with white_; peduncles 1--5-flowered.--Dry woods, N. Eng. to Ga., west to Minn. and Miss. June, July.--Plant 3--6' high.

22. MONESES, Salisb. ONE-FLOWERED PYROLA.

Petals 5, widely spreading, orbicular. Filaments awl-shaped, naked; anthers as in Pyrola, but conspicuously 2-horned. Style straight, exserted; stigma large, peltate, with 5 narrow and conspicuous radiating lobes. Valves of the capsule naked. (Flowers occasionally tetramerous.) Scape 1-flowered. Otherwise as Pyrola; intermediate between it and Chimaphila. (Name formed of [Greek: mo/nos], _single_, and [Greek: e( sis], _delight_, from the pretty solitary flower.)

1. M. grandiflora, Salisb. A small perennial, with the rounded and veiny serrate thin leaves (6--9'' long) clustered at the ascending apex of creeping subterranean shoots; the 1--2-bracted scape (2--4' high) bearing a white or rose-colored terminal flower 6'' wide. (M. uniflora, _Gray_.)--Deep cold woods, Labrador to Penn., Ind., Minn., and westward. June. (Eu.)

23. PYROLA, Tourn. WINTERGREEN. SHIN-LEAF.

Calyx 5-parted, persistent. Petals 5, concave and more or less converging, deciduous. Stamens 10; filaments awl-shaped, naked; anthers extrorse in the bud, but in the flower inverted by the inflexion of the apex of the filament, more or less 4-celled, opening by a pair of pores at the blunt or somewhat 2-horned base (by inversion the apparent apex). Style generally long; stigma 5-lobed or 5-rayed. Capsule depressed-globose, 5-lobed, 5-celled, 5-valved from the base upward (loculicidal); the valves cobwebby on the edges. Seeds minute, innumerable, resembling sawdust, with a very loose cellular-reticulated coat.--Low and smooth perennial herbs, with running subterranean shoots, bearing a cluster of rounded petioled evergreen root-leaves, and a simple raceme of nodding flowers, on an upright more or less scaly-bracted scape. (Name a diminutive of _Pyrus_, the Pear-tree, from some fancied resemblance in the foliage.)

[*] _Style straight, much narrower than the peltate 5-rayed stigma, petals and stamens erect and connivent; anthers not narrowed below the openings._

1. P. minor, L. Scape 5--10' high; _leaves roundish_, slightly crenulate, thickish, mostly longer than the margined petiole; flowers small, crowded, white or rose-color; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, very much shorter than the nearly _globose corolla; style short and included_.--Cold woods, Lab., White Mts., L. Superior, and northward.

2. P. secunda, L. Subcaulescent, 3--6' high; _leaves ovate, thin_, longer than the petiole, scattered, _finely serrate_; racemes dense and spike-like, the numerous small (greenish-white) _flowers all turned to one side_, scarcely nodding; calyx-lobes ovate, very much shorter than the oblong-oval petals; _style long, exserted_.--Rich woods, Lab. to Minn., south to Md., and far northward. July. (Eu.)

Var. pumila, Gray, is a smaller form, with rounded leaves 6'' or little more in diameter, and 3--8-flowered scape.--High peat-bogs, N. Y. to L. Superior, and northward. July, Aug.

[*][*] _Style strongly declined, the apex curved upward, longer than the connivent or spreading petals; stigma much narrower than the truncate excavated ring-like apex of the style; anthers contracted below the openings, forming a short neck; leaves denticulate or entire._

[+] _Petals and leaves acute, the latter ovate, coriaceous._

3. P. oxypetala, C. F. Austin. Leaves ovate, small (8--12'' long), shorter than the slender petiole; scape (7--8' high) several-flowered; flowers on ascending pedicels, not nodding; calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acute, short; petals lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, greenish; anthers conspicuously mucronate at the apex, obtusely 2-horned at base, not inverted; style straightish, scarcely exserted.--Wooded hill near Deposit, Delaware Co., N. Y. (_C. F. Austin_, in 1860). Not since found; probably monstrous.

[+][+] _Petals and leaves orbicular to oblong, very obtuse._

4. P. chlorantha, Swartz. _Leaves small_ (1' long), _roundish, thick, dull, shorter than the petiole; scape few-flowered_, naked (5--8' high); _calyx-lobes roundish-ovate, very short_; the elliptical petals converging (greenish-white); _anther-cells contracted into a distinct neck_; style little exserted.--Open woods, Lab. to Penn., Minn., north and westward. June, July.

5. P. elliptica, Nutt. (SHIN-LEAF.) _Leaves thin and dull, elliptical or obovate-oval, longer than the margined petiole_; raceme many-flowered; _calyx-lobes ovate, acute, not one fourth the length of the_ obovate rather spreading (greenish-white) _petals; anther-cells blunt_.--Rich woods, N. Eng. to Md., Iowa, Minn., and northward. June.

6. P. rotundifolia, L. _Leaves orbicular, thick, shining_, usually shorter than the petiole; scape many-bracted (6--12' high), raceme elongated, many-flowered; _calyx-lobes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, acutish, with somewhat spreading tips, _one half or one third the length of the_ roundish-obovate rather spreading (chiefly white) _petals; anther-cells nearly blunt_.--Damp or sandy woods, throughout the continent, south to N. Ga. Exhibits many varieties, such as, Var. INCARNATA, DC., with flesh-colored to rose-purple flowers, and triangular-lanceolate calyx-lobes. Cold woods and bogs, N. Eng. to Minn., and northward.--Var. ASARIFOLIA, Hook., with oblate or round-reniform leaves, and shorter ovate calyx-lobes; petals flesh- or rose-colored (rarely white). With same range.--Var. ULIGINOSA, Gray, with short broadly ovate calyx-lobes, subcordate to obovate dull leaves, and rose-colored or purple flowers. Same range. (Eu.)

24. PTEROSPORA, Nutt. PINE-DROPS.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla ovate, urn-shaped, 5-toothed, persistent. Stamens 10; anthers 2-celled, awned on the back, opening lengthwise. Style short; stigma 5-lobed. Capsule globose, depressed, 5-lobed, 5-celled, loculicidal, but the valves cohering with the columella. Seeds very numerous, ovoid, tapering to each end, the apex expanded into a broad reticulated wing many times larger than the body of the seed.--A stout and simple purplish-brown clammy-pubescent root-parasitic herb (1--2 deg. high); the wand-like stem furnished towards the base with scattered lanceolate scales in place of leaves, above bearing many nodding (white) flowers, in a long bracted raceme. (Name from [Greek: ptero/n], _a wing_, and [Greek: spora/], _seed_, alluding to the singular wing borne by the seeds.)

1. P. Andromedea, Nutt.--Hard clay soil, parasitic apparently on the roots of pines, from W. New Eng. to N. Penn., N. Mich., and westward; rare.

25. SCHWEINITZIA, Ell. SWEET PINE-SAP.

Calyx of 5 oblong-lanceolate acute scale-like sepals, erect, persistent. Corolla persistent, bell-shaped, rather fleshy, 5-lobed, slightly 5-gibbous at the base. Stamens 10; anthers much shorter than the filaments, fixed near the summit, awnless; the two sac-shaped cells opening at the top. Capsule ovoid, 5-celled, with a short and thick style, and a large 5-angular stigma. Seeds innumerable.--A low and smooth brownish plant, 3--4' high, with the aspect of Monotropa, scaly-bracted, the flowers several in a terminal spike, at first nodding, flesh-color, with the fragrance of violets. (Named for the late _L. D. von Schweinitz_.)

1. S. odorata, Ell.--Woods, parasitic on the roots of herbs, Md. (near Baltimore) to N. C. April.

26. MONOTROPA, L. INDIAN PIPE. PINE-SAP.

Calyx of 2--5 lanceolate bract-like scales, deciduous. Corolla of 4 or 5 separate erect spatulate or wedge-shaped scale-like petals, which are gibbous or saccate at the base, and tardily deciduous. Stamens 8 or 10; filaments awl-shaped; anthers kidney-shaped, becoming 1-celled, opening across the top. Style columnar; stigma disk-like, 4--5-rayed. Capsule ovoid, 8--10-grooved, 4--5-celled, loculicidal; the very thick placentae covered with innumerable minute seeds, which have a very loose coat.--Low and fleshy herbs, tawny, reddish, or white, parasitic on roots, or growing on decomposing vegetable matter like a Fungus; the clustered stems springing from a ball of matted fibrous rootlets, furnished with scales or bracts in place of leaves, 1--several-flowered; the summit at first nodding, in fruit erect. (Name composed of [Greek: mo/nos], _one_, and [Greek: tro/pos], _turn_, from the summit of the stem turned to one side.)

Sec. 1. MONOTROPA proper. _Plant inodorous, 1-flowered; calyx of 2--4 irregular scales or bracts; anthers transverse, opening equally by 2 chinks; style short and thick._

1. M. uniflora, L. (INDIAN PIPE. CORPSE-PLANT.) Smooth, waxy-white (turning blackish in drying, 3--8' high); stigma naked.--Dark and rich woods, nearly throughout the continent. June--Aug. (Asia.)

Sec. 2. HYPOPITYS. _Plant commonly fragrant; flowers several in a scaly raceme; the terminal one usually 5-merous, the rest 3--4-merous; bract-like sepals mostly as many as the petals; anthers opening by a continuous line into 2 very unequal valves; style longer than the ovary, hollow._

2. M. Hypopitys, L. (PINE-SAP. FALSE BEECH-DROPS.) Somewhat pubescent or downy, tawny, whitish, or reddish (4--12' high); pod globular or oval; stigma ciliate.--Oak and pine woods, from Canada to Fla., west to Oregon. June--Aug. (Eu.)

ORDER 59. DIAPENSIACEAE.

_Low perennial herbs or suffruticulose tufted plants, glabrous or nearly so, with simple leaves, no stipules, regular 5-merous flowers (except the 3-celled ovary), stamens adnate to the corolla and sometimes monadelphous (those opposite its lobes when present reduced to staminodia); pollen simple; loculicidal capsule and seeds of_ Ericaceae.--Flowers solitary or racemose. Style 1, with 3-lobed stigma. Distinguished from the Ericaceae chiefly by the insertion of the stamens upon the corolla.

Tribe I. DIAPENSIEAE. Dwarf woody evergreens, with small entire crowded coriaceous leaves. Staminodia none; filaments adnate to the campanulate corolla up to the sinuses; anthers 2-celled. Calyx conspicuously bracteolate. Flowers solitary.

1. Pyxidanthera. Flowers sessile on short leafy branchlets. Anther-cells awn-pointed at base, opening transversely.

2. Diapensia. Flower (or at least fruit) on a scape-like peduncle. Anther-cells blunt, obliquely dehiscent.

Tribe II. GALACINEAE. Acaulescent, with creeping rootstocks sending up long-petioled evergreen leaves, and a 1--several-flowered scape. Staminodia present.

3. Galax. Calyx minutely 2-bracteolate. Stamens monadelphous; anthers 1 celled.

1. PYXIDANTHERA, Michx.

Sepals thin. Anther-cells awn-pointed at base, opening by a strictly transverse line. Otherwise much as in Diapensia.--Prostrate and creeping, with narrowly oblanceolate and awl-pointed leaves, mostly alternate on the sterile branches and somewhat hairy near the base. Flowers solitary and sessile, very numerous, white or rose-color. (Name from [Greek: pyxi/s], _a small box_, and [Greek: a)nthe/ra], _anther_, the anther opening as if by a lid.)

1. P. barbulata, Michx. (FLOWERING MOSS. PYXIE.) Leaves 3'' long.--Sandy pine barrens of N. J. to N. C. April, May.

2. DIAPENSIA, L.

Calyx of 5 concave imbricated coriaceous sepals. Corolla bell-shaped, 5-lobed; lobes rounded. Filaments broad and flat, adherent to the corolla up to the sinuses, short; anthers adnate, of 2 ovoid pointless cells, diverging below, each opening therefore by a transverse-descending line. Capsule, enclosed in the calyx, cartilaginous; cells few-seeded.--Alpine, growing in very dense convex tufts, with the stems imbricated below with cartilaginous narrowly spatulate mostly opposite leaves, terminated by a scape-like 1-flowered peduncle, 3-bracted under the calyx. Corolla white (1/2' wide). (Said to be an ancient Greek name of the Sanicle, of obscure meaning, strangely applied by Linnaeus to this plant.)

1. D. Lapponica, L. Leaves 3--5'' long; peduncle at length 1--2' long.--Alpine summits of N Eng. and N. Y., and northward to Lab. and the Arctic coast. July. (Eu., Asia.)

3. GALAX, L.

Calyx 5-parted, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, hypogynous, obovate-spatulate, rather erect, deciduous. Filaments united in a 10-toothed tube, slightly cohering with the base of the petals, the 5 teeth opposite the petals naked, the alternate ones shorter and bearing roundish 1-celled anthers, which open across the top. Style short, stigma 3-lobed. Capsule ovoid, 3-celled; columella none. Seeds numerous, the cellular loose coat tapering to each end.--Evergreen herb, with a thick matted tuft of scaly creeping rootstocks, beset with fibrous red roots, sending up round heart-shaped crenate-toothed and veiny shining leaves (about 2' wide) on slender petioles, and a slender naked scape, 1--2 deg. high, bearing a wand-like spike or raceme of small and minutely-bracted white flowers. (Name from [Greek: ga/la], _milk_,--of no conceivable application to this plant.)

1. G. aphylla, L.--Open woods, Va. to Ga. June.

ORDER 60. PLUMBAGINACEAE. (LEADWORT FAMILY.)

_Maritime herbs, with regular 5-merous flowers, a plaited calyx, the 5 stamens opposite the separate petals or the lobes of the corolla, and the free ovary one-celled, with a solitary ovule hanging from a long cord which rises from the base of the cell._--Only the STATICEAE or MARSH-ROSEMARY TRIBE is represented in our region, in gardens by the Thrift (_Armeria vulgaris_), on the coast by a single species of

1. STATICE, Tourn. SEA-LAVENDER. MARSH-ROSEMARY.

Flowers scattered or loosely spiked and 1-sided on the branches, 2--3-bracted. Calyx funnel-form, dry and membranaceous, persistent. Corolla of 5 nearly or quite distinct petals, with long claws, the 5 stamens severally attached to their bases. Styles 5, rarely 3, separate. Fruit membranous and indehiscent, in the bottom of the calyx. Embryo straight, in mealy albumen.--Sea-side perennials, with thick and stalked radical leaves; the naked flowering stems or scapes branched into panicles. ([Greek: Statike/], an ancient name given to this or some other herb, on account of its astringency.)

1. S. Limonium, L. Root thick and woody, very astringent; leaves oblong, spatulate or obovate-lanceolate, 1-ribbed, tipped with a deciduous bristly point, petioled; scape much-branched, corymbose-panicled (1--2 deg. high); spikelets 1--3-flowered; flowers lavender-color; calyx-tube hairy on the angles, the lobes ovate-triangular, with as many teeth in the sinuses. (Eu.)

Var. Caroliniana, Gray, the plant of the Northern States, has more erect branches, rather panicled inflorescence with at length scattered flowers, and very acute or acuminate calyx-lobes.--Salt marshes along the coast, from Lab. to Tex. Aug., Sept.

ORDER 61. PRIMULACEAE. (PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

_Herbs, with simple leaves, and regular perfect flowers, the stamens as many as the lobes of the monopetalous (rarely polypetalous) corolla and inserted opposite them_ (on the tube or base), _and a 1-celled ovary with a central free placenta rising from the base, bearing several or many seeds._--Calyx free from the ovary, or in Samolus partly coherent. (Corolla none in Glaux.) Stamens 4 or 5, rarely 6 or 8. Style and stigma one. Seeds with a small embryo in fleshy albumen. Ovules amphitropous, except in Tribe I.

Tribe I. HOTTONIEAE. Ovary wholly free; ovules anatropous. Aquatic; immersed leaves pectinate.

1. Hottonia. Corolla short salver-form. Flowers verticillate and racemose.

Tribe II. PRIMULEAE. Ovary wholly free.

[*] Stemless, leaves all in a cluster from the root; capsule dehiscent by valves or teeth.

2. Dodecatheon. Corolla reflexed, 5-parted. Stamens exserted, connivent in a cone.

3. Primula. Corolla funnel-form or salver-shaped, open at the throat. Stamens included.

4. Androsace. Corolla short, very small, constricted at the throat. Stamens included.

[*][*] Stems leafy; corolla rotate (none in Glaux); leaves entire.

[+] Capsule dehiscent vertically by valves or irregularly, mostly globose.

5. Trientalis. Corolla mostly 7-parted. Stem leafy only at the summit.

6. Steironema. Corolla 5-parted. Five slender staminodia between the fertile stamens.

7. Lysimachia. Corolla 5--6-parted or 5--6-petalled. Staminodia none. Leaves dotted.

8. Glaux. Corolla none; the calyx petal-like. Flowers axillary.

[+][+] Globose capsule circumscissile, the top falling off as a lid; flowers axillary.

9. Anagallis. Corolla longer than the calyx, 5-parted. Leaves opposite.

10. Centunculus. Corolla shorter than the calyx, 4--5-cleft. Leaves alternate.

Tribe III. SAMOLEAE. Ovary connate at base with the base of the calyx.

11. Samolus. Corolla bell-shaped, with 5 staminodia in the sinuses. Flowers racemose.

1. HOTTONIA, L. FEATHERFOIL. WATER VIOLET.

Calyx 5-parted, the divisions linear. Corolla salver-shaped, with a short tube; limb 5-parted. Stamens 5, included. Capsule many-seeded, 5-valved; the valves cohering at the base and summit. Seeds anatropous.--Aquatic perennials, with pectinate immersed leaves, and the erect hollow flower-stems almost leafless. Flowers white or whitish, whorled at the joints, forming an interrupted raceme. (Named for _Prof. Hotton_, a botanist of Leyden.)

1. H. inflata, Ell. Leaves dissected into thread-like divisions, scattered on the floating and rooting stems, and crowded at the base of the cluster of peduncles, which are strongly inflated between the joints (often as thick as one's finger); pedicels short.--Pools and ditches, Mass. to S. Ind., and south to the Gulf. June--Aug.

2. DODECATHEON, L. AMERICAN COWSLIP.

Calyx deeply 5-cleft, the divisions lanceolate, reflexed. Corolla with a very short tube, thickened throat, and 5-parted reflexed limb; the divisions long and narrow. Filaments short, monadelphous at base; anthers long and linear, approximate in a slender cone.--Perennial smooth herb, with fibrous roots, a cluster of oblong or spatulate leaves, and a simple naked scape, involucrate with small bracts at the summit, bearing an ample umbel of showy flowers, nodding on slender pedicels. Corolla rose-color, or sometimes white. (Name from [Greek: do/deka], _twelve_, and [Greek: theoi/], _gods_, given by Pliny to the primrose, which was believed to be under the care of the superior gods.)

1. D. Meadia, L. (SHOOTING-STAR.) Rich woods, Penn. and Md. to Wisc., south to Ga. and Tex. May, June.--Very handsome in cultivation.

3. PRIMULA, L. PRIMROSE. COWSLIP.

Calyx tubular, angled, 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped, enlarging above the insertion of the stamens; the 5 lobes often notched or inversely heart-shaped. Stamens 5, included. Capsule many-seeded, splitting at the top into 5 valves or 10 teeth.--Low perennial herbs, producing a tuft of veiny leaves at the root, and simple scapes, bearing the flowers in an umbel. (Name a diminutive of _primus_, from the flowering of the true Primrose in early spring.)

1. P. farinosa, L. (BIRD'S-EYE PRIMROSE.) Scape 3--10' high; leaves elliptical or obovate-lanceolate, denticulate, _the lower side_ and the 3--20-flowered _involucre, etc., covered with a white mealiness_, at least when young; corolla pale lilac with a yellow eye.--Maine to N. shore of L. Superior, and northward. June, July. (Eu., Asia.)

2. P. Mistassinica, Michx. Scape 2--6' high; leaves spatulate or wedge-oblong, thin and veiny, _not mealy_; involucre 1--8-flowered; lobes of the flesh-colored corolla broadly and deeply obcordate.--Wet banks and shores, northern N. Eng. and N. Y. to L. Superior, and northward. May. (Eu.)

4. ANDROSACE, Tourn.

Calyx 5-cleft; tube short. Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-form; the tube shorter than the calyx, contracted at the throat; limb 5-parted. Stamens and style included. Capsule 5-valved.--Small herbs, with clustered root-leaves, and very small solitary or umbelled flowers. (An ancient Greek name of a polyp, formerly believed to be a plant.)

1. A. occidentalis, Pursh. Smoothish annual; scapes diffuse (2--4' high), many-flowered; leaves and leaflets of the involucre oblong-ovate, entire, sessile; calyx-lobes leafy, triangular-lanceolate, longer than the (white) corolla.--Bare hills, from Minn. to Ill. and Ark., and west to the mountains.

5. TRIENTALIS, L. CHICKWEED-WINTERGREEN.

Calyx mostly 7-parted; the divisions linear-lanceolate, pointed. Corolla mostly 7-parted, spreading, flat, without tube. Filaments slender, united in a ring at the base; anthers oblong, revolute after flowering. Capsule few-seeded.--Low and smooth perennials, with simple erect stems, bearing a few alternate usually minute and scale-like leaves below, and a whorl of thin veiny leaves at the summit. Peduncles one or more, very slender, bearing a delicate white and star-shaped flower. (A Latin name, meaning the third part of a foot, alluding to the height of the plant.)

1. T. Americana, Pursh. (STAR-FLOWER.) Spreading by very slender elongated rootstocks; leaves elongated-lanceolate, tapering to both ends; petals finely pointed.--Damp cold woods, from Lab. to Minn., south to N. Ind., and the mountains of Va. May.--Rootstocks often 1--2 deg. long (_Hitchings_).

6. STEIRONEMA, Raf.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, with no proper tube, deeply 5-parted, the sinuses rounded; divisions ovate, cuspidate-pointed, erose-denticulate above, each separately involute around its stamen. Filaments distinct or nearly so on the ring at base of corolla, alternating with 5 subulate staminodia; anthers linear. Capsule 10--20-seeded.--Leafy-stemmed perennials, glabrous except the ciliate petioles, not punctate, the leaves all opposite, but mostly in seeming whorls on the flowering branches. Peduncles slender, axillary, bearing yellow flowers. (From [Greek: stei~ros], _sterile_, and [Greek: ne~ma], _thread_, referring to the staminodia.)

1. S. ciliatum, Raf. _Stem erect_ (2--4 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate-ovate_ (2--6' long), tapering to an acute point, _rounded or heart-shaped at base_, all on long and fringed petioles; _corolla longer than the calyx_. (Lysimachia ciliata, _L._)--Low grounds and thickets, common. July.

2. S. radicans, Gray. _Stem slender, soon reclined_, the elongated branches often rooting in the mud; _leaves ovate-lanceolate, mostly rounded at base, on slender petioles_; corolla about the length of the calyx. (Lysimachia radicans, _Hook._)--Swampy river-banks, W. Va. to Ark. and La.--Leaves and flowers nearly one half smaller than in the last.

3. S. lanceolatum, Gray. _Stem erect_ (10'--2 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate, varying to oblong and linear, narrowed into a short margined petiole_ or tapering base, or the lowest short and broad on long petioles. (Lysimachia lanceolata, _Walt._)--Low grounds and thickets, Ont. to Fla., Dak., and Tex. Polymorphous; the extremes are var. HYBRIDUM, Gray, with cauline leaves from oblong to broadly linear, common north and west,--and var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, Gray, with stems more branched, a span to 2 deg. high, and the cauline leaves linear, acute at both ends, more sessile, 1--2'' broad; mainly southward.

4. S. longifolium, Gray. _Stem erect_, 4-angled, slender (1--3 deg. high), often branched below; _stem-leaves sessile, narrowly linear, elongated_ (2--4' long, 2--3'' wide), smooth and shining, rather rigid, obtuse, the margins often a little revolute, the veins obscure; the lowest oblong or spatulate; corolla (8--9'' broad) longer than the calyx, the lobes conspicuously pointed. (Lysimachia longifolia, _Pursh._)--Banks of streams, from western N. Y. to Va., Minn., and Iowa. July--Sept.

7. LYSIMACHIA, Tourn. LOOSESTRIFE.

Calyx 5--6 parted. Corolla rotate, the divisions entire, convolute in bud. Filaments commonly monadelphous at base; anthers oblong or oval; staminodia none. Capsule few--several-seeded.--Leafy-stemmed perennials, with herbage commonly glandular-dotted. (In honor of King _Lysimachus_, or from [Greek: ly/sis], _a release from_, and [Greek: ma/che], _strife_.)

Sec. 1. LYSIMACHIA proper. _Corolla yellow, rotate, and very deeply parted, and with no teeth between the lobes; stamens more or less monadelphous, often unequal; leaves opposite or whorled, or some abnormally alternate._

[*] _Flowers (middle-sized) in a terminal leafy panicle; corolla without marks._