Chapter L: OFFICINALE, L. (COMMON GROMWELL.) Much branched above, erect (1--2 deg

high); _leaves thinnish, broadly lanceolate, acute_, with a few distinct veins, rough above, soft-pubescent beneath; _corolla exceeding the calyx_.--Roadsides, N. Eng. to Minn. (Nat. from Eu.)

1. L. latifolium, Michx. Stem loosely branched, erect (2--3 deg. high), rough; _leaves ovate and ovate-lanceolate, mostly taper-pointed_ (even the floral ones 2--4' long), _ribbed-veined_, roughish above, finely soft-pubescent beneath, the root leaves large and rounded; _corolla shorter than the calyx_.--Open ground and borders of woods, W. New York to Minn., south to Va. and Ark.

Sec. 3. BATSCHIA. _Nutlets white, smooth and shining; corolla large, salver-form or nearly so, deep orange-yellow, somewhat pubescent, the tube much exceeding the calyx, and the throat appendaged. (Roots perennial, long and deep, yielding a red dye.)_

[*] _Corolla-tube one half to twice longer than the calyx, not much longer than the ample limb, the lobes entire; appendages little if at all projecting._

2. L. hirtum, Lehm. _Hispid_ with bristly hairs (1--2 deg. high); stem-leaves lanceolate or linear, those of the flowering branches ovate-oblong, bristly-ciliate; _corolla woolly-bearded at the base inside_ (limb 8--12'' broad); _flowers distinctly peduncled_, crowded, showy; _fruiting calyx_ (1/2' long) 3--4 times longer than the nutlets.--Pine barrens, etc., N. Y. to Minn., south and westward. April--June.

3. L. canescens, Lehm. (PUCCOON of the Indians.) _Softly hairy_ and more or less _hoary_ (6--15' high); _leaves obtuse_, linear-oblong, or the upper ovate-oblong, more or less _downy beneath_ and roughish with close appressed hairs above; _flowers sessile; corolla naked at the base within; fruiting calyx_ (3'' long) _barely twice the length of the nutlets_.--Plains and open woods, in sandy soil, Ont. to Va., Ala., and westward. May.

[*][*] _Corolla-tube in well-developed flowers 2--4 times the length of the calyx and of its erose-toothed lobes, and the appendages conspicuous and arching; later flowers small, cleistogenous._

4. L. angustifolium, Michx. Erect or diffusely branched from the base, 6--18' high, minutely rough-strigose and hoary; leaves linear; flowers pedicelled, leafy-bracted, of two sorts; the earlier large and showy (corolla-tube 8--18'' long), the later and those of more diffusely branching plants, with inconspicuous or small and pale corollas, without crests, and the pedicels commonly recurved in fruit; nutlets usually punctate. (L. longiflorum, _Spreng._; the long-flowered form.)--Dry and sterile or sandy soil, Ind. and Mich. to Dak. and Tex., and westward.

8. ONOSMODIUM, Michx. FALSE GROMWELL.

Calyx 5-parted; the divisions linear and erect. Corolla tubular, or tubular-funnel-form, not crested (the sinuses minutely hooded-inflexed), the 5 acute lobes converging or barely spreading. Anthers oblong-linear or arrow-shaped, mucronate, inserted in the throat. Style thread-form, much exserted. Nutlets bony, ovoid, smooth, erect, fixed by the base; the scar minute, not hollowed out.--Chiefly perennial herbs, coarse and hispid, with oblong and sessile ribbed-veined leaves, and white, greenish, or yellowish flowers, in at length elongated and erect leafy raceme-like clusters; in summer.--Our species belong to true ONOSMODIUM, with smooth included anthers on very short filaments; the corolla rarely twice the length of the calyx. (Named from the likeness to the genus _Onosma_, which name means _ass-smell_.)

1. O. Virginianum, DC. _Clothed all over with harsh and rigid appressed short bristles_; stems rather slender (1--2 deg. high); _leaves narrowly oblong_, or oblong-lanceolate (1--21/2' long), the lower narrowed at base; _lobes of the narrow corolla lance-awl-shaped_, sparingly bearded outside with long bristles.--Banks and hillsides, N. Eng. to Fla., Mo., and La.

2. O. Carolinianum, DC. _Shaggy all over with long and spreading bristly hairs_; stem stout, upright (2--4 deg. high); _leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, acute; lobes of the rather broad corolla _ovate-triangular or triangular-lanceolate, thickly hirsute outside_.--Alluvial grounds, W. New York to Minn., south to Ga. and Tex.

Var. molle, Gray. _Pubescence shorter and less spreading or appressed_, 1--2 deg. high; leaves mostly smaller (2' long), when young softly strigose-canescent beneath. (O. molle, _Michx._)--Ill. to Minn., Tex., and westward.

9. SYMPHYTUM, Tourn. COMFREY.

Corolla oblong-tubular, inflated above, 5-toothed, the short teeth spreading; the throat closed with 5 converging linear-awl-shaped scales. Stamens included; anthers elongated. Style thread-form. Nutlets smooth, ovate, erect, fixed by the large hollowed base, which is finely toothed on its margin.--Coarse perennial herbs, with thickened bitterish mucilaginous roots; the nodding raceme-like clusters either single or in pairs. (Ancient Greek name from [Greek: symphei~n], _to grow together_, probably for its reputed healing virtues.)

S. OFFICINALE, L. (COMMON COMFREY.) Hairy, branched, winged above by the decurrent leaves; the lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering into a petiole, the upper narrower; corolla yellowish-white, rarely purplish.--Moist places; escaped from gardens. June. (Adv. from Eu.)

10. LYCOPSIS, L. BUGLOSS.

Corolla funnel-shaped, with curved tube and slightly unequal limb; the throat closed with 5 convex obtuse bristly scales opposite the lobes. Stamens and style included. Nutlets rough-wrinkled, erect, fixed by a hollowed-out base.--Annuals. (Name from [Greek: ly/kos], _a wolf_, and [Greek: o)/psis], _face_.)