Chapter M: OFFICINALIS, L. (COMMON BALM.) Upright, branching, perennial,

pubescent; leaves broadly ovate, crenate-toothed, lemon-scented; corolla nearly white.--Sparingly escaped from gardens. (Nat. from Eu.)

17. HEDEOMA, Pers. MOCK PENNYROYAL.

Calyx ovoid or tubular, gibbous on the lower side near the base, 13-nerved, bearded in the throat, 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, flat, notched at the apex, the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Fertile stamens 2; the upper pair reduced to sterile filaments or wanting.--Low, odorous annuals, with small leaves, and loose axillary clusters of flowers (in summer), often forming terminal leafy racemes. (Altered from [Greek: e(dyo/smon], an ancient name of Mint, from its sweet scent.)

[*] _Sterile filaments manifest; leaves oblong-ovate, petioled, somewhat serrate._

1. H. pulegioides, Pers. (AMERICAN PENNYROYAL.) Erect, branching, hairy; whorls few-flowered; upper calyx-teeth triangular, the lower setaceous-subulate; corolla (bluish, pubescent) scarcely exserted (2--3'' long); taste and odor nearly of the true _Pennyroyal_ (Mentha Pulegium) of Europe.--Common from N. Eng. to Dak., and southward.

[*][*] _Sterile filaments minute or obsolete; leaves narrow, entire, sessile or nearly so._

2. H. hispida, Pursh. Mostly low; _leaves linear, crowded, almost glabrous_, somewhat hispid-ciliate; _bracts spreading or reflexed_; upper flowers rather crowded; _calyx-teeth all subulate_, equalling the bluish corolla.--Plains, Minn. and Dak. to W. Ill. and La.

3. H. Drummondi, Benth. _Pubescent or puberulent_, a span or two high; _leaves oblong to linear; bracts mostly erect_; calyx hirsute or hispid, its teeth at length connivent, _the lower nearly twice as long as the upper_.--Central Neb. and Kan. to Tex., and westward.

18. SALVIA, L. SAGE.

Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed or entire, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla deeply 2-lipped, ringent; upper lip straight or scythe-shaped, entire or barely notched, the lower spreading or pendent, 3-lobed, its middle lobe larger. Stamens 2, on short filaments, jointed with the elongated transverse connective, one end of which, ascending under the upper lip, bears a linear 1-celled (half-) anther, the other, usually descending, bears an imperfect or deformed (half-) anther or none at all.--Flowers mostly large and showy, in spiked, racemed, or panicled whorls, produced in summer. (Name from _salvo_, to save, in allusion to the reputed healing qualities of Sage.)

[*] _Both anther-cells polliniferous; leaves mostly lyrately lobed or pinnatifid._

1. S. lyrata, L. (LYRE-LEAVED SAGE.) Low perennial (10--20' high), somewhat hairy; stem nearly simple and naked; root-leaves lyre-shaped or sinuate-pinnatifid, sometimes almost entire; those of the stem mostly a single pair, smaller and narrower; the floral oblong-linear, not longer than the calyx; whorls loose and distant, forming an interrupted raceme; upper lip of the blue-purple pubescent corolla (nearly 1' long) short, straight, not vaulted.--Woodlands and meadows, N. J. to Ill., south to Fla. and Tex.

[*][*] _Lower anther-cell wanting; the sterile ends of the connectives mostly united._

[+] _Calyx obscurely bilabiate; corolla 8--12'' long, with prominently exserted tube._

2. S. azurea, Lam., var. grandiflora, Benth. Cinereous-puberulent, 1--5 deg. high; lower leaves lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, denticulate or serrate, tapering to a short petiole; upper narrower, often linear, entire; inflorescence spike-like, tomentulose-sericeous; calyx-teeth short, the broad upper lip entire; corolla deep blue (varying to white).--E. Neb. to Miss., Tex., and Col.

[+][+] _Calyx deeply bilabiate; corolla 4--6'' long, the tube hardly at all exserted._

3. S. lanceolata, Willd. _Puberulent_ or nearly glabrous, 5--12' high; _leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong_, irregularly serrate or nearly entire, _tapering to a slender petiole_; inflorescence virgate spiciform, interrupted; _upper lip of calyx entire_, lower 2-cleft; corolla blue, 4'' long, _little exserted; style glabrous or nearly so_.--Plains, Iowa and Neb. to Tex. and Ariz.

4. S. urticifolia, L. _Villous-pubescent and somewhat viscid_, or glabrate, 1--2 deg. high; _leaves_ coarsely serrate, _ovate, with truncate or cuneate base decurrent into a winged petiole_; inflorescence racemose-spicate, of numerous distant clusters; calyx-lips divergent, _the upper 3-toothed_, lower 2-cleft; corolla blue and white, 5--6'' long, _twice the length of the calyx; style strongly bearded_.--Woodlands, Md. to Ky., south to Ga. and La.

S. SCLAREA, L. (CLARY.) Villous-pubescent, viscid, stout, 2--3 deg. high; leaves ample, long-petioled, ovate and cordate, crenate, rugose; the floral forming bracts of the spike, tinged with white and rose-color; corolla white and bluish, rather large, the long upper lip falcate and compressed.--Escaped from gardens, Penn. (Nat. from Eu.)

S. VERBENACEA, L. Pubescent or villous, 1--2 deg. high; leaves ovate or oblong, often cordate at base, mostly sinuate-incised or moderately pinnatifid, the lobes crenate-toothed, rugose; the few cauline mostly sessile, the floral inconspicuous; raceme interrupted; calyx reflexed after flowering; corolla bluish, small, the upper lip nearly straight.--Sparingly seen in the Middle States. (Nat. from Eu.)

19. MONARDA, L. HORSE-MINT.

Calyx tubular, elongated, 15-nerved, nearly equally 5-toothed, usually hairy in the throat. Corolla elongated, with a slightly expanded throat, and a strongly 2-lipped limb; lips linear or oblong, somewhat equal, the upper erect, entire or slightly notched, the lower spreading, 3-lobed at the apex, its lateral lobes ovate and obtuse, the middle one narrower and slightly notched. Stamens 2, elongated, ascending, inserted in the throat of the corolla; anthers linear (the divaricate cells confluent at the junction).--Odorous erect herbs, with entire or toothed leaves, and pretty large flowers in a few whorled heads, closely surrounded with bracts. (Dedicated to _Nicolas Monardes_, author of many tracts upon medicinal and other useful plants, especially those of the New World, in the latter half of the 16th century.)

[*] _Stamens and style exserted beyond the linear straight acute upper lip of the corolla; heads solitary and terminal or sometimes 2 or 3; leaves acutely more or less serrate; perennials._

[+] _Leaves petioled; calyx-teeth scarcely longer than the width of the tube._

1. M. didyma, L. (OSWEGO TEA. BEE-BALM.) Somewhat hairy (2 deg. high), acutely 4-angled; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, _the floral ones and the large outer bracts tinged with red; calyx smooth, incurved, nearly naked in the throat; corolla smooth (2' long), bright red_, showy.--Moist woods by streams, N. Eng. to Mich., south to Ga. in the mountains. July--Aug.

2. M. clinopodia, L. Nearly glabrous to villous-pubescent; leaves ovate-lanceolate and ovate; _bracts whitish; calyx moderately hirsute in the throat; corolla slightly pubescent (1' long), dull white or flesh-colored_.--Shady places, ravines, etc., Ont. to Ill., and along the mountains to Ga.

3. M. fistulosa, L. (WILD BERGAMOT.) Smoothish or downy, 2--5 deg. high; _leaves_ ovate-lanceolate, the uppermost and outer bracts somewhat colored (whitish or purplish); _calyx_ slightly curved, _very hairy in the throat; corolla_ (1' long or more) _purple or purplish dotted_, smooth or hairy.--Dry soil, Vt. and E. Mass, to Fla., and far westward. Very variable; the following are the more marked forms.--Var. RUBRA, Gray. Corolla bright crimson or rose-red; habit of n. 1, but upper lip of corolla villous-bearded on the back at tip; throat of calyx with the outer bristly hairs widely spreading. In moist ground, Alleghany Mts.--Var. MEDIA, Gray. Corolla deep purple. Alleghany Mts.--Var. MOLLIS, Benth. Corolla flesh-color to lilac, glandular, its upper lip hairy outside or more bearded at the tip; leaves paler, soft-pubescent beneath; throat of calyx mostly filled with dense beard, with sometimes an outer row of bristles. Extends to Minn. and westward.

[+][+] _Leaves nearly sessile; calyx-teeth elongated, lax; head solitary._

4. M. Bradburiana, Beck. Leaves clothed with long soft hairs, especially underneath; the floral and the outer bracts somewhat heart-shaped, purplish; calyx smoothish, contracted above, very hairy in the throat, with awl-shaped awned teeth; corolla smoothish, bearded at the tip of the upper lip, scarcely twice the length of the calyx, pale-purplish, the lower lip dotted with purple.--Thickets, Ind. to Tenn. and Kan.

[*][*] _Stamens not exceeding the falcate upper lip of the short corolla; heads axillary or interrupted spicate; leaves lanceolate or oblong, sparsely serrate, tapering into the petiole._

5. M. punctata, L. (HORSE-MINT.) _Perennial_, minutely downy (2--3 deg. high); leaves petioled, lanceolate, narrowed at base; _bracts_ lanceolate, blunt, obtuse at base, sessile, yellowish and purple; teeth of the downy calyx _short and awnless_, rigid, soon spreading; corolla nearly smooth, _yellowish_, the upper lip _spotted with purple_, notched at the apex, the tube scarcely exceeding the calyx.--Sandy ground, N. Y. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.

6. M. citriodora, Cerv. _Annual_, 1--3 deg. high; bracts narrowly oblong, _their slender awned tips spreading or recurving; calyx-teeth slender_, at length usually spreading; corolla _white or pinkish, not spotted_.--Neb. to Tex.

20. BLEPHILIA, Raf.

Calyx ovoid-tubular, 13-nerved, 2-lipped, naked in the throat; upper lip with 3 awned teeth, the lower with 2 nearly awnless teeth. Corolla inflated in the throat, strongly and nearly equally 2-lipped; upper lip erect, entire, the lower spreading, 3-cleft, its lateral lobes ovate and rounded, larger than the oblong and notched middle one. Stamens 2, ascending, exserted (the upper pair minute or none); anthers, etc., as in Monarda.--Perennial herbs, with nearly the foliage, etc., of Monarda; the small pale bluish purple flowers crowded in axillary and terminal globose whorls; in summer. (Name from [Greek: blephari/s], _the eyelash_, in reference to the hairy-fringed bracts and calyx-teeth.)

1. B. ciliata, Raf. Somewhat downy (1--2 deg. high); _leaves almost sessile, oblong-ovate, narrowed at base_, whitish-downy underneath; outer _bracts ovate_, acute, colored, ciliate, as long as the calyx; corolla hairy.--Dry open places, Mass. to Minn., south to Ga. and Kan.

2. B. hirsuta, Benth. Taller, hairy throughout; _leaves long-petioled, ovate, pointed, rounded or heart-shaped at base_; the lower floral ones similar, the uppermost and the _bracts linear-awl-shaped_, shorter than the long-haired calyx; corolla smoothish, pale, with darker purple spots.--Moist shady places, Vt. to Minn., south to Ga. and E. Tex.

21. LOPHANTHUS, Benth. GIANT HYSSOP.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, 15-nerved, oblique, 5-toothed, the upper teeth rather longer than the others. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip nearly erect, 2-lobed, the lower somewhat spreading, 3-cleft, with the middle lobe crenate. Stamens 4, exserted; the upper pair declined, the lower and shorter pair ascending, so that the pairs cross; anther-cells nearly parallel.--Perennial tall herbs, with petioled serrate leaves, and small flowers crowded in interrupted terminal spikes; in summer. (Name from [Greek: lo/phos], _a crest_, and [Greek: a)/nthos], _a flower_.)

1. L. nepetoides, Benth. Stem stout, 21/2--6 deg. high, sharply 4-angled, _smooth_, or nearly so; leaves ovate, somewhat pointed, coarsely crenate-toothed (2--4' long); spikes 2--6' long, crowded with the ovate pointed bracts; _calyx-teeth ovate, rather obtuse, little shorter than the pale greenish-yellow corolla_.--Borders of woods, Vt. to Minn., south to N. C. and Tex.

2. L. scrophulariaefolius, Benth. Stem (obtusely 4-angled) and lower surface of the ovate or somewhat heart-shaped acute leaves more or less _pubescent; calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute, shorter than the purplish corolla_ (spikes 4--15' long); otherwise like the last.--Same range.

3. L. anisatus, Benth. Smooth, but the ovate acute _leaves glaucous-white underneath_ with minute down; _calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute_.--Plains, Wisc. to Minn., Neb., and westward.--Foliage with the scent of anise.

22. CEDRONELLA, Moench.

Calyx rather obliquely 5-toothed, many-nerved. Corolla ample, expanded at the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip flattish or concave, 2-lobed, the lower 3-cleft, spreading, the middle lobe largest. Stamens 4, ascending, the lower pair shorter; anther-cells parallel.--Sweet-scented perennials, with pale purplish flowers. (Name a diminutive of _cedrus_, the cedar-tree, from the aromatic leaves of C. triphylla, the _Balm-of-Gilead_ of English gardens.)

1. C. cordata, Benth. Low, with slender runners, hairy; leaves broadly heart-shaped, crenate, petioled, the floral shorter than the calyx; whorls few-flowered, at the summit of short ascending stems; corolla hairy inside (11/2' long); stamens shorter than the upper lip.--Moist shady banks, W. Penn. to Ky., south to the mountains of N. C. and Tenn.

23. NEPETA, L. CAT-MINT.

Calyx tubular, often incurved, obliquely 5-toothed. Corolla dilated in the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, rather concave, notched or 2-cleft; the lower spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe largest, either 2-lobed or entire. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair shorter; anthers approximate in pairs, the cells divergent.--Perennial herbs. (The Latin name, thought to be derived from _Nepete_, an Etrurian city.)

Sec. 1. _Cymose clusters rather dense and many-flowered, forming interrupted spikes or racemes; upper floral leaves small and bract-like._

N. CATARIA, L. (CATNIP.) Downy, erect, branched; leaves heart-shaped, oblong, deeply crenate, whitish-downy underneath; corolla whitish, dotted with purple.--Near dwellings; a very common weed. July--Sept. (Nat. from Eu.)

Sec. 2. GLECHOMA. _Leaves all alike; the axillary clusters loosely few-flowered._

N. GLECHOMA, Benth. (GROUND IVY. GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND.) Creeping and trailing; leaves petioled, round kidney-shaped, crenate, green both sides; corolla thrice the length of the calyx, light blue.--Damp or shady places, common. (Nat. from Eu.)

24. DRACOCEPHALUM, Tourn. DRAGON-HEAD.

Calyx tubular, 13--15-nerved, straight, 5-toothed; the upper tooth usually much the largest. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip slightly arched and notched; the lower spreading, 3-cleft, with its middle lobe largest and 2-cleft or notched at the end. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair shorter; anthers approximate by pairs, the cells divergent.--Whorls many-flowered, mostly spiked or capitate, and with awn-toothed or fringed leafy bracts. (Name from [Greek: dra/kon], _a dragon_, and [Greek: kephale/], _head_, alluding to the form of the corolla in the original species.)

1. D. parviflorum, Nutt. Annual or biennial; stem erect, leafy (8--20' high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, sharply cut-toothed, petioled; whorls crowded in a terminal head or spike; upper tooth of the calyx ovate, nearly equalling the bluish small slender corolla.--Rocky or gravelly soil, northern N. Y. to Iowa and Minn., and westward.

25. SCUTELLARIA, L. SKULLCAP.

Calyx bell-shaped in flower, 2-lipped; the lips entire, closed in fruit, the upper with a helmet-like at length concave and enlarged appendage on the back (the upper sepal); calyx splitting to the base at maturity, the upper lip usually falling away. Corolla with an elongated curved ascending tube, dilated at the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip arched, entire or barely notched, the lateral lobes mostly connected with the upper rather than the lower lip; the lower lobe or lip spreading and convex, notched at the apex. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate in pairs, ciliate or bearded, those of the lower stamens 1-celled (halved), of the upper 2-celled and heart-shaped.--Bitter perennial herbs, not aromatic, the short peduncles or pedicels chiefly opposite, 1-flowered, often 1-sided, axillary or spiked or racemed; in summer. (Name from _scutella_, a dish, in allusion to the appendage to the fruiting calyx.)

Sec. 1. _Nutlets wingless, mostly marginless, on a low gynobase._

[*] _Flowers small (3'' long), in axillary and sometimes terminal 1-sided racemes._

1. S. lateriflora, L. (MAD-DOG SKULLCAP.) Smooth; stem upright, much branched (1--2 deg. high); leaves lanceolate-ovate or ovate-oblong, pointed, coarsely serrate, rounded at base, petioled (2--3'' long), the lower floral ones similar; flowers blue, rarely white.--Wet shaded places, common.

[*][*] _Flowers larger (6--12'' long) in terminal single or panicled racemes, the floral leaves gradually reduced to bracts._

[+] _Stem-leaves all cordate, crenate-toothed, slender-petioled; lateral lobes of the corolla almost equalling the short upper lip._

2. S. versicolor, Nutt. _Soft hairy_, the hairs of the inflorescence, etc., partly viscid-glandular; stem mostly erect (1--3 deg. high); _leaves ovate or round-ovate_, very veiny, _rugose_, the floral reduced to broadly ovate entire bracts about equalling the glandular-hairy calyx; racemes mostly simple; corolla bright blue with lower side and lip whitish.--Banks of streams, Penn. to Wisc., Minn., and southward.--Var. MINOR, Chapm. Low, slender, and thin-leaved; floral leaves small.--Mountains of Va., etc.

3. S. saxatilis, Riddell. _Glabrous or slightly hairy_; stem weak, ascending (6--18' long), often producing runners, branched; _leaves ovate or ovate-oblong_ (1--2' long), _thin, obtuse_; upper bracts oblong or ovate, small, entire; raceme simple, loose.--Moist shaded banks, Del. to Ohio, south in the mountains to Va. and Tenn.

[+][+] _Stem-leaves crenate-dentate or serrate (or nearly entire in n. 7), only the lowest if any cordate at base, more or less petioled; lateral lobes of the blue corolla shorter than the galeate upper lip._

4. S. serrata, Andrews. _Green and nearly glabrous_; stem rather simple (1--3 deg. high), with single loosely flowered racemes; _leaves serrate, acuminate at both ends_, ovate or ovate-oblong; calyx, etc., somewhat hairy; _corolla 1' long, narrow, its lips equal_ in length.--Woods, Penn. to Ill. and N. C.

5. S. canescens, Nutt. Stem branched above (2--4 deg. high), with the _panicled many-flowered racemes, flowers, and the lower surface of the ovate or lance-ovate acute_ (at the base acute, obtuse, or cordate) _crenate leaves whitish with fine soft down_, often becoming rather glabrous; bracts oblong or lanceolate; _corolla 8--9'' long_.--River-banks, Ont. and Penn. to the mountains of N. C. and N. Ala., west to Kan. and Ark.

6. S. pilosa, Michx. _Pubescent with spreading hairs_; stem nearly simple (1--3 deg. high); _leaves rather distant, crenate, oblong-ovate, obtuse_, varying to roundish-ovate, the lower abrupt or heart-shaped at base and long-petioled, the upper on short margined petioles, veiny; bracts oblong-spatulate; racemes short, often branched; _corolla 6'' long, rather narrow_, the lower lip a little shorter.--Dry or sterile ground, southern N. Y. to Mich., south to Fla. and Tex.

Var. hirsuta, Gray, is a large form (sometimes 3 deg. high), more hirsute, with larger very coarsely crenate leaves (2--3' long).--Richer soil, Ky.

Var. ovalifolia, Benth., is a form with shorter and finer pubescence, and narrower less veiny leaves.--N. J. to Va.

7. S. integrifolia, L. _Downy all over with a minute hoariness_; stem commonly simple (1--2 deg. high); _leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, mostly entire_, obtuse, very short-petioled; _corolla_ 1' long, _much enlarged above, the ample lips equal_ in length.--Dry ground, N. Eng. to Fla. and Tex.

[*][*][*] _Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper mostly sessile leaves, which resemble the lower ones but are occasionally reduced._

8. S. Wrightii, Gray. _Firm and woody at base, not stoloniferous nor tuberiferous_, low, many-stemmed in a tuft, minutely cinereous-puberulent, very leafy; leaves ovate or spatulate-oblong, entire, subsessile (1/2' long), the upper floral shorter than the flowers; corolla pubescent (1/2' long), usually violet.--Kan. to Tex.

9. S. parvula, Michx. Herbaceous; _subterranean stolons moniliform-tuberiferous_; minutely downy, dwarf (3--6' high), branched and spreading; all but the lower leaves sessile and entire, the lowest round-ovate, the others ovate or lance-ovate, slightly heart-shaped (6--8'' long); corolla 2--4'' long.--Sandy banks, W. New Eng. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.--Var. MOLLIS, Gray, is more spreading, softly pubescent throughout, with larger less firm leaves.--Sandy banks, S. Ill. to Kan.

10. S. galericulata, L. _Herbaceous; subterranean stolons not tuberiferous_; smooth or a little downy, erect (1--2 deg. high), simple; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, roundish and slightly heart-shaped at base (1--2' long); corolla violet-blue, 8--9'' long, with slender tube, the large lower lip nearly erect.--Wet shady places; common especially northward. (Eu.)

Sec. 2. _Nutlets conspicuously winged, each raised on a slender base._

11. S. nervosa, Pursh. Smooth, simple or branched, slender, 10--20' high; lower leaves roundish, the middle ovate, toothed, somewhat heart-shaped (1' long), the floral ovate-lanceolate, entire; nerve-like veins prominent beneath; corolla bluish, 4'' long, the lower lip exceeding the concave upper one.--Moist thickets, N. Y. to Ind., south to Va. and Mo.

26. BRUNELLA, Tourn. SELF-HEAL.

Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, somewhat 10-nerved and reticulated-veiny, flattened on the upper side, naked in the throat, closed in fruit, 2-lipped; upper lip broad and flat, truncate, with 3 short teeth, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla ascending, slightly contracted at the throat and dilated at the lower side just beneath it, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, arched, entire; the lower reflexed-spreading, 3-cleft, its lateral lobes oblong, the middle one rounded, concave, denticulate. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; filaments 2-toothed at the apex, the lower tooth bearing the anther; anthers approximate in pairs, their cells diverging.--Low perennials, with nearly simple stems, and 3-flowered clusters of flowers sessile in the axils of round and bract-like membranaceous floral leaves, imbricated in a close spike or head. (Name said to be from the German _braune_, a disease of the throat, for which this plant was a reputed remedy.)

1. B. vulgaris, L. (COMMON SELF-HEAL or HEAL-ALL.) Leaves ovate-oblong, entire or toothed, petioled, hairy or smoothish; corolla (violet or flesh-color, rarely white) not twice the length of the purplish calyx.--Woods and fields, Newf. to Fla., westward across the continent. June--Sept. (Eu.)

27. PHYSOSTEGIA, Benth. FALSE DRAGON-HEAD.

Calyx nearly equally 5-toothed, obscurely 10-nerved, short-tubular or bell-shaped, more or less enlarged and slightly inflated in fruit. Corolla funnel-form, with a much inflated throat, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, nearly entire; the lower 3-parted, spreading, small, its middle lobe larger, broad and rounded, notched. Stamens 4, ascending under the upper lip; anthers approximate; the cells parallel.--Smooth perennials, with upright wand-like stems, and sessile lanceolate or oblong mostly serrate leaves. Flowers large and showy, rose or flesh-color variegated with purple, opposite, crowded in simple or panicled terminal leafless spikes. (Name from [Greek: phy~sa], _a bladder_, and [Greek: ste/ge], _a covering_.)

1. P. Virginiana, Benth. Stem 1--4 deg. high, terminated by a simple virgate or several panicled spikes; leaves thickish; _calyx tubular-campanulate, its teeth half the length of the tube; corolla 1' long_.--Wet grounds, from N. Vt. west and southward. Varies greatly.--Var. DENTICULATA, Gray. Slender and commonly low, with crenulate-denticulate or obscurely serrate leaves, and slender or loosely-flowered spikes.--Middle Atlantic States.

2. P. intermedia, Gray. Slender, 1--3 deg. high, remotely leaved; leaves linear-lanceolate, repand-denticulate; _spikes filiform_, rather remotely flowered; _calyx short and broadly campanulate, its teeth about as long as the tube; corolla 5--6'' long, much dilated upward_.--Barrens, W. Ky. and Ark. to La. and Tex.

28. SYNANDRA, Nutt.

Calyx bell-shaped, inflated, membranaceous, irregularly veiny, almost equally 4-toothed! Corolla with a long tube, much expanded above and at the throat; the upper lip slightly arched, entire, the lower spreading and 3-cleft, with ovate lobes, the middle one broadest and notched at the end. Stamens 4, ascending; filaments hairy; anthers approximate in pairs under the upper lip; the two upper each with one fertile and one smaller sterile cell, the latter cells cohering together (whence the name; from [Greek: sy/n], _together_, and [Greek: a)ne/r], for _anther_).

1. S. grandiflora, Nutt. Hairy biennial, 1 deg. high; lower leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate, heart-shaped, crenate, thin, the floral sessile, gradually reduced to bracts, each with a single sessile flower; corolla 11/2' long, yellowish-white.--Shady banks of streams, S. Ohio to Ill. and Tenn. In spring.

29. MARRUBIUM, Tourn. HOREHOUND.

Calyx tubular, 5--10-nerved, nearly equally 5--10-toothed, the teeth more or less spiny-pointed and spreading at maturity. Upper lip of the corolla erect, notched, the lower spreading, 3-cleft, its middle lobe broadest. Stamens 4, _included in the tube of the corolla_.--Whitish-woolly bitter-aromatic perennials, branched at the base, with rugose and crenate or cut leaves, and many-flowered axillary whorls. (A name of Pliny, from the Hebrew _marrob_, a bitter juice.)