Chapter M: ARVENSIS, L. (CORN MINT.) Lower and smaller-leaved than the last;

leaves obtusely serrate; _calyx bell-shaped, the teeth short_ and broader.--Moist fields, N. Eng., etc.; rare.

1. M. Canadensis, L. (WILD MINT.) _Leaves_ varying from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, _tapering to both ends_; calyx oblong-bell-shaped, the teeth rather short; hairs on the stem not conspicuously reflexed. The commoner form is more or less hairy, and has nearly the odor of Pennyroyal.--Wet places, through the northern U. States across the continent, and northward.

Var. glabrata, Benth. Leaves and stems almost glabrous, the former sometimes very short-petioled; scent sweeter, as of Monarda.--Similar range.

8. LYCOPUS, Tourn. WATER HOREHOUND.

Calyx bell-shaped, 4--5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla bell-shaped, scarcely longer than the calyx, nearly equally 4-lobed. Stamens 2, distant; the upper pair either sterile rudiments or wanting. Nutlets with thickened margins.--Perennial low herbs, glabrous or puberulent, resembling Mints, with sharply toothed or pinnatifid leaves, the floral ones similar and much longer than the dense axillary whorls of small mostly white flowers; in summer. (Name compounded of [Greek: ly/kos], _a wolf_, and [Greek: pou~s], _foot_, from some fancied likeness in the leaves.)

[*] _Stoloniferous, the long filiform runners often tuberiferous; leaves only serrate._

[+] _Calyx-teeth usually 4, barely acutish, shorter than the mature nutlets._

1. L. Virginicus, L. (BUGLE-WEED.) Stem obtusely 4-angled (6'--2 deg. high); leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, toothed, entire toward the base, acuminate at both ends, short-petioled; calyx-teeth ovate.--Shady moist places, Lab. to Fla., Mo., and northwestward across the continent.

[+][+] _Calyx-teeth usually 5, very acute, longer than the nutlets._

[++] _Bracts minute; corolla twice as long as the calyx._

2. L. sessilifolius, Gray. Stem rather acutely 4-angled; _leaves closely sessile_, ovate or lanceolate-oblong (1--2' long), sparsely sharply serrate; _calyx-teeth subulate, rigid_. (L. Europaeus, var. sessilifolius, _Gray_, Man.)--Pine barrens of N. J. to Cape Cod, Mass. (_Deane_).

3. L. rubellus, Moench. Stem rather obtusely 4-angled; leaves _petioled_, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sharply serrate in the middle, _attenuate-acuminate at both ends (3' long)_; calyx-teeth triangular-subulate, _not rigid-pointed_. (L. Europaeus, var. integrifolius, _Gray_.)--Penn. to Minn., and southward.

[++][++] _Outer bracts conspicuous; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx._

4. L. lucidus, Turcz., var. Americanus, Gray. Stem strict, stout, 2--3 deg. high; leaves lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate (2--4' long), acute or acuminate, very sharply and coarsely serrate, sessile or nearly so; calyx-teeth attenuate-subulate.--Sask. and Minn. to Kan., thence west to Calif.

[*][*] _Not stoloniferous; leaves incised or pinnatifid._

5. L. sinuatus, Ell. Stem erect, 1--3 deg. high, acutely 4-angled; leaves oblong or lanceolate (11/2--2' long), acuminate, irregularly incised or laciniate-pinnatifid, or some of the upper merely sinuate, tapering to a slender petiole; calyx-teeth short-cuspidate; sterile filaments slender, conspicuous, with globular or spatulate tips. (L. Europaeus, var. sinuatus, _Gray_.)--Common.

9. CUNILA, L. DITTANY.

Calyx ovate-tubular, equally 5-toothed, very hairy in the throat. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, flattish, mostly notched; the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 2, erect, exserted, distant; sterile filaments short, minute.--Perennials, with small white or purplish flowers, in corymbed cymes or clusters. (An ancient Latin name, of unknown origin.)

1. C. Mariana, L. (COMMON DITTANY.) Stems tufted, corymbosely much branched (1 deg. high); leaves smooth, ovate, serrate, rounded or heart-shaped at base, nearly sessile, dotted (1' long); cymes peduncled; calyx striate.--Dry hills, southern N. Y. to S. Ind., south to Ga. and Ark.

10. HYSSOPUS, Tourn. HYSSOP.

Calyx tubular, 15-nerved, equally 5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla short, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, flat, obscurely notched, the lower 3-cleft, with the middle lobe larger and 2-cleft. Stamens 4, exserted, diverging.--Perennial herb, with wand-like simple branches, lanceolate or linear entire leaves, and blue-purple flowers in small clusters, crowded in a spike. (The ancient name.)

H. OFFICINALIS, L.--Roadsides, etc., sparingly escaped from gardens. (Adv. from Eu.)

11. PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx. MOUNTAIN MINT. BASIL.

Calyx ovate-oblong or tubular, about 13-nerved, equally 5-toothed, or the three upper teeth more or less united, naked in the throat. Corolla short, more or less 2-lipped; the upper lip straight, nearly flat, entire or slightly notched; the lower 3-cleft, its lobes all ovate and obtuse. Stamens 4, distant, the lower pair rather longer; anther-cells parallel.--Perennial upright herbs, with a pungent mint-like flavor, corymbosely branched above, the floral leaves often whitened; the many-flowered whorls dense, crowded with bracts, and usually forming terminal heads or close cymes. Corolla whitish or purplish, the lips mostly dotted with purple. Fl. summer and early autumn.--Varies, like the Mints, with the stamens exserted or included in different flowers. (Name composed of [Greek: pykno/s], _dense_, and [Greek: a)/nthemon], _a blossom_, from the dense inflorescence.)

[*] _Bracts and equal calyx-teeth awn-tipped, rigid, naked, as long as the corolla; flowers in rather dense mostly terminal heads; leaves rigid, slightly petioled._

1. P. aristatum, Michx. Minutely hoary-puberulent (1--2 deg. high); leaves ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, sparingly denticulate-serrate (1--2' long), roundish at the base.--Pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. and La.

Var. hyssopifolium, Gray. Leaves narrowly oblong or broadly linear, nearly entire and obtuse.--Va. to Fla.

[*][*] _Bracts and equal and similar calyx-teeth not awned._

[+] _Leaves linear or lanceolate, nearly sessile, entire, very numerous; capitate glomerules small and numerous, densely cymose, imbricated with many short appressed rigid bracts._

2. P. lanceolatum, Pursh. _Smoothish or minutely pubescent_ (2 deg. high); _leaves lanceolate or lance-linear_, obtuse at base; _heads downy_; bracts ovate or lanceolate; _calyx-teeth short and triangular_.--Dry thickets, Mass. to Dak., south to Ga. and Ark.

3. P. linifolium, Pursh. _Smoother and leaves narrower_ and heads less downy than in the last; the narrower _bracts and lance-awl-shaped calyx-teeth pungently pointed_.--Dry ground, Mass. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.

[+][+] _Leaves lanceolate to ovate, sessile or nearly so, denticulate or entire; heads larger and fewer, with fewer and looser bracts._

4. P. muticum, Pers. _Minutely hoary_ throughout, or becoming almost smooth, corymbosely much branched (1--21/2 deg. high); _leaves ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate_, varying to lanceolate, _rather rigid, acute, rounded or slightly heart-shaped at base_, mostly sessile and minutely sharp-toothed, prominently veined, green when old; _the floral ones_, short bracts, and triangular or ovate calyx-teeth, _hoary with a fine close down_; flower-clusters very dense.--Maine to S. Ill., south to Fla. and Ark.

Var. pilosum, Gray. Hoary with loose pubescence; leaves thinner, oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute or acutish at base; bracts and especially the narrower (often somewhat unequal) calyx-teeth often villous-pubescent. (P. pilosum, _Nutt._)--Ohio to Iowa, Kan., and Ark.

5. P. leptodon, Gray. _Soft-pubescent_, or glabrate below, loosely branched; _leaves membranaceous, green_ (11/2--2' long), _lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate_, subsessile; clusters larger and looser, canescent-hirsute; _long-acuminate bracts and calyx-teeth slender-subulate, villous-hirsute_.--S. Mo. to northwestern N. C.

[+][+][+] _Leaves linear- or oblong-lanceolate, short-petioled, not at all hoary; flowers in mostly terminal dense capitate clusters; calyx hoary-pubescent._

6. P. Torreyi, Benth. _Puberulent_; stem strict and nearly simple (2--3 deg. high); _leaves thin, linear-lanceolate_, tapering to both ends (mostly 2' long and 2--3'' wide), _nearly entire_; heads small; awl-shaped calyx-teeth and mostly appressed bracts canescent.--Dry soil, southern N. Y. to Penn. and Del.

7. P. clinopodioides, Gray. _Pubescent; leaves broadly or oblong-lanceolate, sharply denticulate_ (sometimes entire); heads fewer and larger; bracts loose.--Dry soil, southern N. Y. to E. Penn.

[*][*][*] _Calyx bilabiate (3 upper teeth united), the teeth and the tips of the loose bracts not rigid; flowers in dense flattened glomerate cymes; leaves thin, mostly serrate, petioled, the uppermost more or less canescent._

8. P. Tullia, Benth. Leaves greener and _loosely soft-downy_, only the floral ones whitened, otherwise resembling those of the next; cymes dense; _bracts much surpassing the flowers_, their long awn-like points and the awn-pointed calyx-teeth bearded with long loose hairs.--S. Va. and N. C. to Tenn. and Ga.

9. P. incanum, Michx. _Leaves_ ovate-oblong, acute, remotely toothed, _downy above and mostly hoary with whitish wool underneath, the uppermost whitened both sides; cymes open_; bracts linear-awl-shaped and, with the calyx-teeth, more or less awn-pointed.--N. Eng. to Ont. and Ind., south to Fla. and Tex.

[*][*][*][*] _Calyx equally 5-toothed; heads few, large and globose (terminal and in the upper axils of the thin petioled leaves); bracts loose, ciliate-bearded._

10. P. montanum, Michx. Stem (1--3 deg. high) and ovate- or oblong-lanceolate serrate leaves glabrous; bracts very acute or awl-pointed, the outermost ovate and leaf-like, the inner linear; teeth of the tubular calyx short and acute.--Alleghanies, from S. Va. and Tenn. to Ga. and Ala.

12. ORIGANUM, Tourn. WILD MARJORAM.

Calyx ovate-bell-shaped, hairy in the throat, striate, 5-toothed. Tube of the corolla about the length of the calyx, 2-lipped; the upper lip rather erect and slightly notched, the lower longer, of 3 nearly equal spreading lobes. Stamens 4, exserted, diverging.--Perennials, with nearly entire leaves, and purplish flowers crowded in cylindrical or oblong spikes, imbricated with colored bracts. (An ancient Greek name, composed of [Greek: o)/ros], _a mountain_, and [Greek: ga/nos], _delight_.)

O. VULGARE, L. Upright, hairy, corymbose at the summit; leaves petioled, round-ovate; bracts ovate, obtuse, purplish.--Roadsides, Atlantic States. June--Oct. (Nat. from Eu.)

13. THYMUS, Tourn. THYME.

Calyx ovate, 2-lipped, 13-nerved, hairy in the throat; the upper lip 3-toothed, spreading; the lower 2-cleft, with the awl-shaped divisions ciliate. Corolla short, slightly 2-lipped; the upper lip straight and flattish, notched at the apex, the lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4, straight and distant, usually exserted.--Low perennials, with small and entire strongly-veined leaves, and purplish or whitish flowers. (The ancient Greek name of the Thyme, probably from [Greek: thy/o], _to burn perfume_, because it was used for incense.)

T. SERPYLLUM, L. (CREEPING THYME.) Prostrate; leaves green, flat, ovate, entire, short-petioled; flowers crowded at the ends of the branches.--Old fields, E. Mass. to Penn. (Adv. from Eu.)

14. SATUREIA, Tourn. SAVORY.

Calyx bell shaped, 10-nerved, equally 5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, flat, nearly entire, the lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4, somewhat ascending.--Aromatic plants, with narrow entire leaves, often clustered, and somewhat spiked purplish flowers. (The ancient Latin name.)

S. HORTENSIS, L. (SUMMER SAVORY.) Pubescent annual; clusters few-flowered; bracts small or none.--Escaping from gardens and sparingly wild in Ohio to Ill., etc. (Adv. from Eu.)

15. CALAMINTHA, Tourn. CALAMINT.

Calyx tubular, 13-nerved, mostly hairy in the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip 3-cleft, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla with a straight tube and an inflated throat, distinctly 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, flattish, entire or notched; the lower spreading, 3-parted, the middle lobe usually largest. Stamens 4, mostly ascending; the anthers usually approximate in pairs.--Perennials, with mostly purplish or whitish flowers, produced all summer; inflorescence various. (Name composed of [Greek: kalo/s], _beautiful_, and [Greek: mi/ntha], _Mint_.)

Sec. 1. _Flowers loose, without long-subulate bracts; calyx villous in the throat._

[*] _Pubescent; peduncles short but mostly distinct; bracts minute._