Chapter C (2)

=cataire=, _n.f._, (bot.) catmint, catnip.

=catalan=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Catalonian.

=catalecte= _or_ =catalectique=, _adj._, (poet.) catalectic.

=catalectes=, _n.m.pl._, (lit.) catalectics.

=catalepsie=, _n.f._, catalepsy.

=cataleptique=, _adj._, cataleptic.

=catalogue= (-log), _n.m._, list, enumeration, catalogue.

=cataloguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to catalogue.

=catalpa=, _n.m._, (bot.) catalpa.

=cataplasme=, _n.m._, cataplasm, poultice.

=catapuce=, _n.f._, (bot.) caper-spurge.

=catapulte=, _n.f._, (antiq.) catapult.

=cataracte=, _n.f._, cataract; waterfall; (med.) cataract.

=cataracté=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) afflicted with a cataract.

_se_ =cataracter=, _v.r._, to have an incipient cataract.

=catarrhal=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) catarrhal.

=catarrhe=, _n.m._, catarrh, cold. _— d’été_; hay-fever.

=catarrheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) catarrhous.

=catastrophe=, _n.f._, catastrophe, calamity.

=catéchiser=, _v.a._, to catechise; to reason with; to lecture; to give anyone his due; to coach up.

=catéchisme=, _n.m._, catechism. _Faire le — à quelqu’un_; to give anyone his due.

=catéchiste=, _n.m._, catechist.

=catéchuménat= (-ku-), _n.m._, catechumenate.

=catéchumène= (-ku-), _n.m.f._, catechumen.

=catégorie=, _n.f._, category, predicament.

=catégorique=, _adj._, categorical, proper, explicit.

=catégoriquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, categorically, to the purpose.

=catégoriser=, _v.a._, to class.

☉=caterve=, _n.f._, troop, band.

=cathartine=, _n.f._, cathartine.

=cathartique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, cathartic, purgative.

_ex_ =cathédra=, with high authority.

=cathédrale=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, cathedral; cathedral church.

=cathédrant=, _n.m._, president (over a thesis).

=cathérétique=, _adj._, (pharm.) caustic.

=cathéter= (-tèr), _n.m._, (surg.) catheter.

=cathétérisme=, _n.m._, (surg.) catheterism.

=catholicisme=, _n.m._, Catholicism.

=catholicité=, _n.f._, Catholicity; Catholic countries.

=catholicon=, _n.m._, (phar.) catholicon.

=catholique=, _adj._, Catholic, moral, orthodox. _Cela n’est pas —_; that is not orthodox.

=catholique=, _n.m.f._, Catholic. _Un — à gros grains_; a lax Catholic.

=catholiquement= (-mān), _adv._, in a catholic way.

=cati=, _n.m._, pressing, gloss, lustre.

=cati=, _adj._, pressed.

_en_ =catimini=, _adv._, slily, stealthily.

=catin=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) harlot, strumpet.

=catir=, _v.a._, to give a gloss to. _— à chaud_; to hot-press. _— à froid_; to cold-press.

=catissage=, _n.m._, glossing, pressing.

=catisseur=, _n.m._, presser.

=catmarin=, _n.m._, (ornith.) red-throated diver.

=catodon=, _n.m._, catodon, a species of whale.

=catogan= _or_ =cadogan=, _n.m._, club of hair.

=catoptrique=, _n.f._, catoptrics.

=catoptromancie=, _n.f._, catoptromancy.

=caucasique=, _adj._, (geog.) Caucasian.

=cauchemar= (kosh-mar), _n.m._, nightmare, incubus. _Il donne le —_; he tires one to death.

=caucher=, _n.m._, vellum-mold.

=cauchois=, =-e=, _adj._, of Caux.

=caudataire=, _n.m._, the train-bearer.

=caudé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) caudated, tailed.

☉=caudebec=, _n.m._, woolen French hat.

=caudex= (kô-dèks), _n.m._, stem of a tree.

=caudicule=, _n.f._, (bot.) caudicle.

=caudines=, _adj.f.pl._, caudine.

=caulicoles=, _n.f.pl._, (arch.) caulicole.

=caulinaire=, _adj._, (bot.) cauline.

=cauris=, _n.m._, cowry.

=causal=, =-e=, _adj._, causal.

=causalité=, _n.f._, causality.

=causant=, =-e=, _adj._, chatty, talkative.

=causati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) causative.

=causation=, _n.f._, causation.

=causativement=, _adv._, causatively.

=cause=, _n.f._, cause; grounds, motive; subject; case, trial, brief. _—s éloignées_; remote causes. _Prendre fait et — pour quelqu’un_; to espouse any one’s cause; to side with; to stand by. _— appelée_, _remise_; cause called in court, put off. _— embrouillée_, _douteuse_; intricate, doubtful case. _Donner gain de — à_; to decide in favor of. _Avoir gain de —_; to gain the day. _Être hors de —_; not to be concerned in a law-suit. _Mettre hors de —_; to dismiss the parties (to a suit); (fig.) to free from blame; to put out of the question. _Être condamné sans connaissance de —_; to be cast without a hearing. _Ses héritiers ou ayants —_; his heirs or assigns. _Un avocat sans —_; a briefless barrister. _Parler avec connaissance de —_; to speak from a knowledge of the case. _Être la — innocente_, or _involontaire_, _d’un accident_; to be the harmless, _or_ involuntary, cause of an accident. _Il ne le fera pas, et pour —_; he won’t do it, and for a very good reason. _À ces —s_; (jur.) these reasons moving us thereunto. _À — de_; for the sake of, on account of, because of, for. _À — de quoi?_ why? wherefore? for what reason? _À — que_; because.

=causer=, _v.a._, to cause, to be the cause of, to occasion, to give rise to.

=causer=, _v.n._, to chat, to talk, to prate. _— de choses et d’autres_; to talk of one thing and another. _— de la pluie et du beau temps_; to talk about the weather. _— littérature_, _voyages_; to talk about literature, travels. _Vous aurez causé_; you have been babbling.

=causerie= (kôz-rî), _n.f._, talk, chat, gossip.

=causette=, _n.f._, chit-chat. _Faire la —_; to have a chat.

=causeu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, talkative, chatty.

=causeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, talker, conversationalist.

=causeuse=, _n.f._, small sofa, settee.

=causticité=, _n.f._, causticity.

=caustique=, _adj._, biting, cutting, caustic.

=caustique=, _n.m._, caustic, biting, cutting.

=caustique=, _n.f._, (geom., phys.) caustic curve.

=caustiquement=, _adv._, caustically, cuttingly.

=cauteleusement= (kôt-leûz-mān), _adv._, craftily, slyly.

=cauteleu-x=, =-se= (kôt-leû), _adj._, cunning, crafty.

=cautère=, _n.m._, (med.) issue, cautery; (vet.) firing-iron. _Panser un —_; to dress a cautery. _Pois à —_; issue peas.

☉=cautérétique=. _V._ =cathérétique=.

=cautérisation=, _n.f._, cauterization.

=cautériser=, _v.a._, to cauterize, to sear, to burn.

=caution=, _n.f._, surety, security, bail, pledge. _— légale_; common bail. _— solvable_; special bail. _Un homme sujet à —_; a man not to be trusted.

=cautionné=, =-e=, _part._, bailed; (of things) suspicious, doubtful.

=cautionnement= (kô-sio-n-mān), _n.m._, bailing, bail, caution-money; security.

=cautionner=, _v.a._, to stand bail for any one, to stand surety for.

=cavage=, _n.m._, hollowing out, digging; cellarage.

=cavalcade=, _n.f._, ride, cavalcado.

☉=cavalcadour=, _n.m._, riding-master, equerry, master of the horse.

=cavale=, _n.f._, mare, steed.

=cavalerie= (ka-val-rî), _n.f._, cavalry, horse.

=cavalier=, _n.m._, horseman; rider, cavalier; trooper; gentleman, gallant; (dancing) partner; knight (at chess); (fort.) cavalier; (man.) rider; (mec.) spoil-bank. _Servir de — à une dame_; to escort a lady.

=cavali-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, cavalier, free, proud, haughty, unceremonious.

=cavalièrement= (-mān), _adv._, cavalierly, bluntly, unceremoniously.

=cavatine=, _n.f._, (mus.) cavatina.

=cave=, _n.f._, cellar, vault, cellarage; boot (of a coach); case of bottles, cellaret; (cards) pool, stock. _Rat de —_; twisted taper. _Rats de —_; excisemen.

=cave=, _adj._, hollow, sunken. _Œil —_; hollow eye. _Lune —_; lunar month of 29 days. _Année —_; lunar year (353 days).

=caveau=, _n.m._, small cellar; vault (in a church).

=cavecé=, =-e=, _adj._, with a black head (of a roan horse or mare). _Cheval rouan — de noir_; roan horse with a black head.

=caveçon=, _n.m._, (man.) cavezon, curb. _Il a besoin de —_; he wants curbing.

=cavée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) hollow way.

=caver=, _v.a._, to hollow, to make hollow, to scoop out, to dig under; to lunge (fencing); to stake (at play). _— au plus fort_; to play deep; to carry things to extremes.

_se_ =caver=, _v.r._, to become hollow or sunken; to stake.

=caverne=, _n.f._, cavern; cave, hollow, den.

=caverneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hollow, sepulchral; (anat.) cavernous, spongy. _Voix —se_; hollow voice.

=cavet=, _n.m._, (arch.) cavetto.

=caviar=, _n.m._, (cook.) caviar, caviare.

=cavillation= (-vil-la-), _n.f._, sophistry, cavil, cavilling.

=caviste=, _n.m._, cellarer, cellar man.

=cavité=, _n.f._, cavity, hollow.

=ce=, =cet=, _m._, =cette=, _f._, =ces=, _pl._, _demonst. adj._, this, these; that, those. _Ce livre_; this _or_ that book. _Ce héros_; this _or_ that hero. _Cet arbre_; this _or_ that tree. _Cet homme_; this _or_ that man. _Cette femme_; this _or_ that woman. _Ces livres_; these _or_ those books. _Ce livre-ci_; this book. _Ce livre-là_; that book.

=ce=, _demonst. pron._, he, she, it; they. _J’aime votre frère, c’est un bon ami_; I love your brother, he is a good friend. _Lisez Racine et Boileau, ce sont de grands poètes_; read Racine and Boileau, they are great poets.

=ce= (for =cela=), it, that; he, she, they. _C’est fait_; it is done. _C’est fort bien fait_; that’s very well done. _C’en est fait de moi_; it is all up with me. _C’en est fait_; it is all over, it is done. _C’est bien fait_; it serves him right. _Et ce, pour cause_; and this for a good reason. _Je lui ai dit telle chose, et ce pour le persuader de le faire_; I told him such a thing, and it was to persuade him to do it. _Qui est-ce?_ who is he? _Qui était-ce?_ who was it? _Qui sera-ce?_ who will it be? _Qui est-ce qui arrive là?_ who is coming there? _Est-ce moi?_ is it I? _Est-ce lui?_ is it he? _Est-ce nous qu’il menace?_ is it towards us his threats are directed? _Est-ce eux que vous prétendez soumettre?_ is it they you pretend to subdue? _Sont-ce les Anglais?_ is it the English? _C’est vous qu’on demande_; it is you who are wanted. _Ce sont eux que j’ai vus_; it is they I have seen. _Sont-ce là les dames que vous attendiez?_ are these the ladies you expected? _Oui, ces ont elles_; yes, they are. _C’était eux_, _ce furent eux_, _ce sera nous_, _ce sera vous autres_, _ce sera eux_, _ce serait eux_; it was they, &c. _Qu’est-ce?_ what is that? _Qu’est-ce que je vois là-bas?_ what do I see yonder? _Sont-ce là vos raisons?_ are those your reasons? _Est-ce là votre carrosse?_ is that your coach? _Oui, ce l’est_; yes, it is. _Sont-ce là vos chevaux?_ are these your horses? _Oui, ce les sont_; yes, they are. _Quel jour est-ce aujourd’hui?_ what day is it to-day? _C’est jeudi_; it is Thursday. _Quand sera-ce?_ when will it be? _Ce sera pour demain_; it will be for to-morrow.

=ce qui=, =que=, =dont=, =à quoi=; that, which, what, of what, to what. _Je ne sais ce que nous deviendrons_; I do not know what will become of us. _Ce qui se passe_; what happens. _Ce que je vous dit_; what I tell you. _Faites ce dont je vous ai parlé_; do what I told you of. _Ce qui réussit est toujours approuvé_; what meets with success always meets with approbation. _C’est ce que je disais_; it is what I said. _Ce que j’ai vu de beau_; the fine things I saw. _Tout ce qu’on fait de mauvais_; all the mischief that is done. _Savez-vous à quoi il pense?_ do you know what he is thinking of?

=ce qui= _or_ =ce que=, serve for two verbs, the latter of which, when _ce_ begins the sentence, is governed by _ce_: if the latter verb is _être_, followed by _que_ or _de_, _ce_ must be repeated before it. _Ce que je crains, c’est d’être surpris_; what I fear is to be surprised. _Ce qu’il demande, c’est une pension_; what he asks for is a pension. [But _ce_ cannot be repeated when _être_ is followed by an adjective.] _Ce qu’on vous a dit est vrai_; what you have been told is true. _Ce qu’on vous a dit, ce sont des contes_; what you have been told are mere idle tales. _C’était un grand capitaine que César_; Cæsar was a great captain. _Sont-ce les richesses qui vous rendront heureux?_ can riches make you happy? _C’est moi qu’on veut perdre_; I am the man they wish to ruin. _C’est à vous que je parle_; it is to you I speak. _C’est d’elle que je parle_; it is of her that I speak. _C’est là que je les attends_; there I shall have them. _C’est un bonheur que d’avoir échappé_; it is good luck to have escaped. _C’était à vous de parler_; it was your duty to speak. _C’était à vous à parler_; it was your turn to speak. _Si c’était à refaire_; if it were to be done again. _C’est à qui parlera_; they vie with one another as to who shall speak. _C’était à qui s’offrirait_; they vied with one another as to who would offer himself. _Ce serait pour moi un grand plaisir_; it would give me great pleasure. _Ce n’est pas qu’il la craigne, mais il aime la paix_; not that he fears her, but he loves peace. _Ces malheureux ne savent ce que c’est que la vertu_; these wretches know not what virtue is. _C’est-à-dire_; that is to say. _Ce n’est pas à dire que_; it does not follow that. _C’est pourquoi_; therefore, wherefore, for which reason. _C’est que_; you must know; I must tell you. _Ce que c’est que de nous!_ what poor mortals we are.

=céans=, _adv._, within, here within, in this house, home. _Maître de —_; master of the house. _Il dînera —_; he will dine at home.

=ceci=, _demonst. pron._, this. _Que veut dire —?_ what does this mean? _C’est —, c’est cela_; it is first one thing and then another.

=cécité=, _n.f._, blindness. _Frapper de —_; to strike blind.

=cédant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) grantor; assignor, transferrer.

=cédant=, =-e=, _adj._, that assigns, transfers; that grants.

=céder=, _v.a._, to give, to give up, to yield, to transfer; to sell, to part with, to make over. _— le pas à quelqu’un_; to give precedence to any one. _— le haut du pavé_; to give the wall.

=céder=, _v.n._, to give way, to give; to submit; to give in. _Il faut —_; we must submit. _— à son penchant_; to give way to one’s inclinations. _Je lui cède en tout_; I give in to him in everything. _Ne le — à personne_; to yield to no one; to be second to none. _La porte céda_; the door gave way.

*=cédille=, _n.f._, (gram.) cedilla.

=cédrat=, _n.m._, (bot.) (tree) cedrate, lemon-tree; (fruit) lemon.

=cédratier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cedrate, lemon-tree.

=cèdre=, _n.m._, cedar; cedar of Lebanon.

=cédrie=, _n.f._, cedrie, cedar-resin.

=cédule=, _n.f._, (jur.) cedule, schedule, memorandum, notice; note of hand.

=ceindre= (ceignant, ceint), _v.a._, to enclose, to encompass, to surround, to bind; to fence; to gird on, to put on, to encircle. _Une corde lui ceignait les reins_; his loins were girt with a cord. _— le diadème_; to put on the diadem.

_se_ =ceindre=, _v.r._, to bind round one; to encircle one’s brow with anything.

=ceintrage=, _n.m._, (nav.) frapping, swifting (of rigging).

=ceintrer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to frap, to gird. _— un vaisseau_; to frap a ship.

=ceinture=, _n.f._, sash, girdle, belt; waist-band, waist-ribbon; the waist; enclosure, circle; (arch.) cincture (of a column), molding; (nav.) swifter. _Bonne renommée vaut mieux que — dorée_; a good name is better than riches. _— de deuil_; funeral hangings. _Chemin de fer de —_; circular railway.

=ceinturé=, =-e=, _adj._, confined, girt; wearing a sash.

=ceinturer=, _v.a._, to girdle, to girt.

=ceinturier=, _n.m._, girdle-maker, belt-maker.

=ceinturon=, _n.m._, belt, sword-belt.

=cela=, _demonst. pron._, that. _— est vrai_; that is true. _Comment —?_ how so? _C’est —_; that’s it. _Ce n’est pas —_; that’s not it, that will not do. _N’est-ce que —?_ is that all? _Comme —_; so so. _Il est comme —_; it is his way, it is just like him. _C’est — même_; that’s the very thing. _Par — même_; for that very reason. _Pour — oui_; most certainly. _Pour — non_; certainly not.

=céladon=, _adj._, _m._, sea-green (color). _Ruban —_; sea-green ribbon.

=céladon=, _n.m._, sea-green (color); sentimental lover; old beau.

=célébrant=, _n.m._, officiating priest at mass.

=célébration=, _n.f._, solemn performance, celebration.

=célèbre=, _adj._, celebrated, famous, renowned; eminent, distinguished.

=célébrer=, _v.a._, to praise, to extol, to sing, to solemnize; to glorify, to celebrate, to record.

=célébrité=, _n.f._, celebrity; fame.

=celer= _or_ =céler=, _v.a._, to conceal, to keep close or secret, to secrete. _Se faire —_; to say “not at home.”

=céleri= (sèl-ri), _n.m._, celery. _Botte de —_; bundle of celery.

=célérité=, _n.f._, celerity, rapidity, dispatch, speed.

=céleste=, _adj._, celestial, heavenly, divine. _Bleu —_; sky-blue. _La colère —_; the anger of heaven.

=célestin=, _n.m._, celestin (monk _— moine_).

=céliaque=, _adj._, (anat.) cœliac.

=célibat=, _n.m._, celibacy, single life; single state. _Femme_, _homme_, _dans le —_; single woman, single man.

=célibataire=, _n.m._, single man, bachelor.

=celle=, _demonst. pron._ she, that. _V._ =celui=.

☉=celle=, _n.f._, cell (of a hermit).

=cellér-ier=, _n.m._, =-ière=, _n.f._, cellarer.

=cellier=, _n.m._, cellar, store-room.

=cellulaire=, _adj._, cellular.

=cellule=, _n.f._, cell, partition; cell (of honey).

=celluleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cellular.

=célosie=, _n.f._, (bot.) cock’s-comb; coxcomb.

=celte=, _n.m._, Celt.

=celtique=, _adj._, Celtic.

=celtique=, _n.m._, Celtic language.

=celui=, _m._, =celle=, _f._, =ceux=, =celles=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._, he, him; she, her, they, them; that, those. _Ceux qui ont vécu avant nous_; those who lived before us.

=celui-ci=, =celle-ci=, _sing._, =ceux-ci=, =celles-ci=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._; this, these.

=celui-là=, =celle-là=, _sing._, =ceux-là=, =celles-là=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._; that, those. _Aimez-vous mieux celui-ci?_ do you like this best? _Celui-là n’est pas si beau_; that one is not so fine. _Celui-ci est meilleur que celui-là_; this is better than that. [_Celui-ci_ relates to an object near the speaker; _celui-là_, to an object distant from him; or after two nouns already expressed, _celui-ci_ refers to the last, _celui-là_ to the first mentioned.]

=cément=, _n.m._, cement.

=cémentation=, _n.f._, cementation.

=cémentatoire=, _adj._, cementatory.

=cémenter=, _v.a._, to cement.

=cénacle=, _n.m._, (antiq.) guest-chamber (where the Lord’s supper was taken); (fig.) club, literary coterie.

=cendre=, _n.f._, ashes; embers; cinder; dust, ashes (of the dead). _C’est un feu qui couve sous la —_; it is a smoldering fire. _La —_, _les —s des morts_; the ashes of the dead.

=cendres=, _n.f.pl._, ashes. _— ardentes_; live embers. _— qui couvent_; smoldering ashes. _Le mercredi des —_; Ash-Wednesday. _Mettre en —_; to lay in ashes. _Renaître de ses —_; to rise from one’s ashes.

=cendré=, =-e=, _adj._, ashy. _Gris —_; ashy gray, pale gray. _Lumière —_; earth-shine.

=cendrée=, _n.f._, small shot.

=cendreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ashy, full of, or covered with, ashes.

=cendrer=, _v.a._, to paint ash-gray, to ash.

=cendrier=, _n.m._, ash-pan, cinder-pail; ash-hole; ash-tray.

*=cendrille=, _n.f._, (orni.) tomtit.

=cène=, _n.f._, the Lord’s supper, communion.

=cenelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) haw.

=cénobite=, _n.m._, cenobite, monk.

=cénobitique=, _adj._, cenobitical.

=cénotaphe=, _n.m._, cenotaph.

=cens= (sāns), _n.m._, cense, quit-rent; census, franchise, rating.

=censable=, _adj._, owner of quit-rent. _Seigneur —_; lord of the manor.

☉=cense=, _n.f._, farm, fee-farm.

=censé=, =-e=, _adj._, accounted, deemed, reputed, supposed, pretended. _Il est — être_; he is supposed to be.

=censéable=, _adj._, liable to quit-rent.

=censeur=, _n.m._, censor; censurer; critic; censor of the press; examiner of plays; proctor.

☉=censier=, _adj.m._, of quit-rent.

=censi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, farmer; rent-roll.

=censitaire=, _n.m._, copy-holder.

=censive=, _n.f._, quit-rent, manor.

=censorial=, =-e=, _adj._, censorial.

=censuel=, =-le=, _adj._, feudal, of quit-rent.

=censurable=, _adj._, censurable.

=censure=, _n.f._, censorship; censure, criticism; reproof; ecclesiastical censure; the censors.

=censurer=, _v.a._, to find fault with; to blame, to censure, to condemn.

=cent=, _adj._, hundred, cent. _— un ans_; one hundred and one years. _Cinq pour —_; five per cent. _Je vous le donne en —_; it’s 100 to 1 against your guessing it. [_Cent_ takes the sign of the plural, if preceded and multiplied, but not followed, by a number: _trois cents_; _trois cent cinquante_.] _Les — Jours_; the Hundred days (from March 20th to end of June, 1815).

=centaine=, _n.f._, a hundred; a hundred, or so; thread that ties up a skein. _V._ =sentène=.

=centaure=, _n.m._, (myth., astron.) centaur.

=centaurée=, _n.f._, (bot.) centaury.

=centenaire=, _adj._, centenary, secular, of a hundred years’ standing, centennial.

=centenaire=, _n.m.f._, centenarian.

=centenier=, _n.m._, centurion (in the Channel Isles); sergeant of police.

=centésimal=, =-e=, _adj._, centesimal.

=centiare=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of an are (square yard 1.1960).

=centième=, _adj._, hundredth.

=centième=, _n.m._, the hundredth part.

=centigrade=, _adj._, centigrade.

=centigramme=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a gram (grain 0.1543).

=centilitre=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a liter (cubic inch 0.61028).

=centime=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a franc (cent 0.193).

=centimètre=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a meter (inch 0.39371).

=centinode=, _n.f._, centinody, knot-grass.

=centipède=, _adj._, centipedal; _n.m._, centipede.

=centon=, _n.m._, (lit.) cento.

=central=, =-e=, _adj._, central, chief, head.

=centralisat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, centralizing.

=centralisation=, _n.f._, centralization.

=centraliser=, _v.a._, to centralize.

_se_ =centraliser=, _v.r._, to become centralized.

=centre=, _n.m._, center, middle. _Chaque chose tend à son —_; everything converged to its center. _Être dans son —_; to be in one’s element.

=centrifuge=, _adj._, centrifugal.

=centripète=, _adj._, centripetal.

=centrisque=, _n.m._, (ich.) centriscus, trumpet-fish.

=cent-suisse=, _n.m._, one of the hundred that formed the body-guard to the king of France. _Les —s_; the hundred Swiss guards.

=centumvir=, _n.m._, centumvir.

=centumviral=, =-e=, _adj._, centumviral.

=centumvirat=, _n.m._, centumvirate.

=centuple=, _n.m._, centuple, hundred-fold.

=centuple=, _adj._, a hundred-fold.

=centupler=, _v.a._, to increase a hundred-fold, to centuple.

=centuriateur=, _n.m._, (ecc. lit.) centuriator.

=centurie=, _n.f._, (antiq., ecc.) century; hundred (territorial division).

=centurion=, _n.m._, centurion.

=cep=, _n.m._, vine-stock, vine-stalk, vine-plant.

=cépage=, _n.m._, vine-slip, vines. _Les —s de la Bourgogne_; the vines of Burgundy.

=cèpe=, _n.m._, (bot.) esculent boletus.

=cépée=, _n.f._, (agri.) tuft of shoots from the same stump; (hunt.) young wood; a wood of one or two years’ growth.

=cependant=, _adv._, in the mean time, meanwhile; however, nevertheless; yet, still.

=cependant=, _conj._, yet, and yet.

=céphalalgie=, _n.f._, cephalalgy, headache.

=céphalée=, _n.f._, (med.) headache.

=céphalique=, _adj._, (med.) cephalic.

=céphalète=, _n.f._, (med.) cephalitis.

=céphée=, _n.m._, (astron.) Cepheus.

=cérame=, _n.f._, Greek vase.

=céramique=, _adj._, ceramic, fictile.

=céramique=, _adj._, fictile art, molding.

=céraste=, _n.m._, cerastes, horned viper.

=cérat=, _n.m._, ointment, salve.

=cerbère=, _n.m._, (myth.) Cerberus.

=cerce=, _n.f._, hoop, band, binding.

=cerceau=, _n.m._, hoop, ring; hoop-net; pinion-quill. _Faire courir un —_; to trundle a hoop.

=cercelle=, _n.f._, water-fowl, teal.

=cerclage=, _n.m._, hooping (of casks, &c.).

=cercle=, _n.m._, circle, sphere, round, ring, orb, hoop; club, company; binding-hoop. _Un quart de —_; a quadrant. _Un demi-cercle_; a semicircle. _Décrire_, _former_, _un —_; to describe, to form, a circle. _— vicieux_; arguing in a circle; begging the question.

=cercler=, _v.a._, to bind with hoops, to hoop.

=cerclier=, _n.m._, hoop-maker.

*=cercueil= (-keu-), _n.m._, coffin; (fig.) grave, tomb. _— de bois_; shell. _Mettre au —_; to bring to the grave.

=céréale=, _adj._, cereal, corn.

=céréales=, _n.f.pl._, corn, grain, corn crops, cerealia. _Commerce des —_; corn-trade, breadstuffs.

=cérébral=, =-e=, _adj._, cerebral, brain. _Fièvre —e_; brain fever.

=cérébrite=, _n.f._, (med.) inflammation of the brain.

=cérémonial=, _n.m._, ceremonial; ceremony, ceremonies, etiquette, state.

=cérémoniaire=, _n.m._, master of the ceremonies.

=cérémonie=, _n.f._, ceremony; (biblical) ceremonial; fuss, ado. _Visite de —_; formal visit. _Faire des —s_; to stand upon ceremonies. _En grande —_; in state.

=cérémonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ceremonious, formal, precise.

=cérès=, _n.f._, (myth., astron.) Ceres; (fig.) harvest, corn.

=cerf= (sèr), _n.m._, stag, hart, deer. _— commun_; red-deer. _Un bois de —_; the horns of a stag. _Corne de —_; hartshorn.

*=cerfeuil=, _n.m._, (bot.) chervil. _— musqué_; sweet cicely.

=cerf-volant= (sèrvo-) _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (ent.) stag-beetle, bull-fly; kite, paper-kite.

=cerisaie=, _n.f._, cherry-orchard.

=cerise=, _n.f._, cherry; (of coffee) berry.

=cerise=, _n.m._, cherry-color, cerise.

=cerisier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cherry-tree, cherry-wood.

=cerne=, _n.m._, (bot.) ring.

=cerneau=, _n.m._, kernel of a green walnut; green walnut.

=cerner=, _v.a._, to cut or dig round (a tree); to surround, to encompass, to hem in; to take the kernel out of green walnuts; (arch.) to gird; (milit.) to invest. _Des yeux cernés_; eyes with dark circles round them.

=cérocome=, _n.m._, (ent.) cerocoma.

=céroxyle=, _n.m._, (bot.) wax-palm, wax-tree.

=cerre=, _n.m._, bitter-oak.

=certain=, =-e=, _adj._, certain, sure, positive, undoubted; resolved, fixed, determined; some, certain. _C’est un homme d’un — mérite_; he is a man of some merit. _À —es époques de l’année_; at certain periods of the year. _Dans —s cas_; in certain cases. _Un — personnage_; a certain personage.

=certain=, _n.m._, certainty; certain; (exchange language) certain price. _Il ne faut pas quitter le — pour l’incertain_; we must not quit a certainty for an uncertainty.

=certainement= (-mān), _adv._, certainly, assuredly, without fail, indeed, surely, infallibly.

=certes=, _adv._, indeed, most certainly.

=certificat=, _n.m._, certificate, testimonial. _— de vie_; attestation, affidavit of existence.

=certificateur=, _n.m._, (jur.) certifier, voucher.

=certification=, _n.f._, certifying, vouching; witnessing.

=certifier=, _v.a._, to certify, to testify, to attest, to aver. _— une caution_; to guarantee that bail is valid. _— véritable_; to witness (a signature).

=certitude=, _n.f._, certitude, certainty; assurance, steadiness. _Avoir la —_; to be certain.

=cérumen= (-mèn), _n.m._, cerumen, ear-wax.

=cérumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, waxy, ceruminous.

=céruse=, _n.f._, ceruse, white lead.

=cervaison=, _n.f._, (hunt.) stag-season.

=cerveau=, _n.m._, brain; mind; intelligence. _Rhume de —_; cold in the head. _— brûlé_; disordered brain. _Avoir le — creux_; to be crack-brained, visionary. _Être pris du —_; to have a cold in one’s head. _Se brûler le —_; to blow out one’s brains.

=cervelas=, _n.m._, saveloy, Bologna sausage.

=cervelet=, _n.m._, (anat.) cerebellum.

=cervelle=, _n.f._, brains; head; mind; pith (of palm-trees). _Se brûler la —_; to blow out one’s brains. _Cela lui tourne la —_; that turns his head. _Se creuser la —_; to puzzle one’s brains. _Tenir en —_; to keep in suspense.

=cervical=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) cervical.

=cervier=. _V._ =loup-cervier=.

=cervoise=, _n.f._, a sort of beer, ale.

=césar=, _n.m._, Cæsar; emperor, prince, conqueror.

=césarien=, =-ne= (-è-n), _adj._, Cesarean.

=césarisme=, _n.m._, Cæsarism.

=cessant=, =-e=, _adj._, ceasing. _Toute affaire —e_; to the suspension of all other business.

=cessation=, _n.f._, cessation, suspension, intermission, discontinuance, stoppage.

=cesse=, _n.f._, ceasing, intermission, rest, respite. _Parler sans —_; to talk for ever.

=cesser=, _v.n._, to cease, to leave off, to forbear, to discontinue, to give over, to be at an end, to have done, to intermit, to end. _Il ne cesse de pleurer_; he never leaves off crying. _Faire —_; to put a stop to, _or_ an end to.

=cesser=, _v.a._, to cease, to leave off; to intermit; to break off. _— ses payments_; (com.) to stop payment.

=cessible=, _adj._, (jur., com.) transferable, assignable.

=cession=, _n.f._, transfer, assignment (of property); yielding up, relinquishment; surrender.

=cessionnaire=, _n.m._, grantee; assignee, transferee.

=ceste=, _n.m._, (antiq., myth.) cestus, gauntlet; whirl-bat.

=césure=, _n.f._, cesura, pause, rest.

=cet=, =cette=. _V._ =ce=.

=cétacé=, =-e=, _adj._, cetaceous.

=cétacé=, _n.m._, cetaceous animal.

=cétérac=, _n.m._, (bot.) ceterach.

=cétine=, _n.f._, pure spermaceti, cetine.

=cétoine=, _n.f._, (ent.) floral-beetle.

=chable=, _n.m._, rope, tackle, tow-line.

=chabler=, _v.a._, to fasten a cable to a piece of timber; to lash, to fasten to a cable. _— les noyers_; to knock down walnuts with a pole.

=chableur=, _n.m._, water-bailiff.

=chablis=, _n.m._, wind-fallen wood, dead-wood; chablis (white wine).

=chaboisseau=, _n.m._, sea-scorpion.

=chabot=, _n.m._, (ich.) miller’s-thumb, bull-head.

=chabraque=, _n.f._ _V._ =schabraque=.

=chacal=, _n.m._, jackal.

=chaconne=, _n.f._, chacone (dance tune).

=chacun=, =-e=, _pron._, everyone, each. _— veut être heureux_; everybody wishes to be happy. _— en parle_; everybody speaks of it. _Rendre à — ce qui lui appartient_; to return everyone his own. _— vit à sa guise_; everyone lives as he likes. _— le sien, n’est pas trop_; everyone his own. _— a sa marotte_; every man has his hobby. _— pour soi_; everyone for himself. _— à son tour_; each in his turn. _Ils s’en retournèrent — chez eux_; each of them returned to his own home. _Vous danserez — à votre tour_; you will dance each in your turn. _Ils auront — leur part_; each of them will have his share. _Donnez à — sa part_; give everyone his share. _Tous les membres ont voté — selon ses instructions_; every member voted according to his instructions.

☉=chacunière=, _n.m._, one’s own house.

=chafouin=, =-e=, _adj._, sorry, mean-looking, pitiful, scrubby-looking.

=chafouin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, pitiful object; poor wretch.

=chagrin=, _n.m._, sorrow, grief, vexation, trouble, concern, regret; fretfulness, peevishness, chagrin; shagreen (leather). _Mourir de —_; to die of a broken heart. _Demi-—_; half-bound.

=chagrin=, =-e=, _adj._, gloomy, melancholy, sad, dull, fretful, peevish, waspish, discontented, sullen, cross, morose.

=chagrinant=, =-e=, _adj._, sorrowful, sad; vexatious, provoking, troublesome.

☉=chagrinement= (-mān), _adv._, sorrowfully; peevishly, fretfully.

=chagriner=, _v.a._, to render gloomy, to grieve, to vex, to afflict, to cross, to trouble, to perplex, to disquiet; to shagreen (skins).

_se_ =chagriner=, _v.r._, to fret, to vex one’s self, to grieve, to take on.

=chagrinier=, _n.m._, shagreen-maker.

=chahut=, _n.m._, vulgar dance; row, shindy.

=chahuter=, _v.n._, to make a row, kick up a shindy.

=chai=, _n.m._, wine store (above ground).

=chaîne=, _n.f._, chain, shackle, cord; galleys, chain of galley-slaves; belting-course (for walls); bonds, bondage; drag-chain (of canals); warp (weaving); (land-surveying) chain, Gunter’s chain; (dancing) right and left. _— longue_; watch guard. _— de gilet_; Albert chain. _— de sûreté_; coupling-chain. _Charger quelqu’un de —s_; to load with fetters. _— de montagnes_; long ridge of mountains. _La — des idées_; the chain of ideas. _Attacher avec des —s_; to chain up. _Tendre des —s_; to lay chains across. _À la —_; chained up. _Faire la —_ (in a fire); to form in line; to pass buckets from hand to hand.

=chaînetier= (shên-tié), _n.m._, chain-maker.

=chaînette=, _n.f._, little chain; (arch.) catenary arch.

=chaînon=, _n.m._, link.

=chair=, _n.f._, flesh, meat; skin (of a person). _pl._, (paint.) flesh. _— vive_; quick flesh. _— morte_; dead skin. _— ferme_, _molle_; firm, soft, flesh. _—s baveuses_; (med.) proud flesh. _— blanche_; white meat. _— noire_; game. _— de poule_; goose-flesh, (med.) _cutis anseris_. _J’en ai la — de poule_; I shudder at the thought, it makes my flesh creep. _Un morceau de —_; a piece of meat. _La — d’un poisson_; the fleshy part of a fish. _Couleur de —_; flesh-color. _Convoitises de la —_; the lusts of the flesh. _Le Verbe s’est fait —_; the Word was made flesh. _La résurrection de la —_; the resurrection of the body. _Pester entre cuir et —_; to keep one’s ill humor to one’s self. _Hacher menu comme — à pâté_; to make mince meat of. _Ni — ni poisson_; neither fish, flesh nor fowl. _En — et en os_; in flesh and blood.

=chaire=, _n.f._, pulpit; professorship; desk (in churches); bishop’s throne. _Monter en —_; to mount the pulpit. _— apostolique_; apostolic see. _— curule_; curule chair. _— de droit_; professorship of law.

=chaise=, _n.f._, chair, seat; (carp.) timber-work, frame; curb; chaise (carriage). _— à dos_; high-backed chair. _— de paille_; straw-bottomed chair. _— percée_; close-stool. _— brisée_; folding chair. _— à deux chevaux_; chaise and pair. _— à bascule_; rocking-chair. _— à porteurs_; sedan-chair. _— longue_; lounging-chair; couch.

=chaisier=, _n.m._, chair-maker; =chaisière=, _n.f._, chair-letter.

=chako=, _n.m._ _V._ =shako=.

=chaland=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, customer, purchaser.

=chaland=, _n.m._, (nav.) lighter, barge.

=chalandeau=, _n.m._, lighterman, bargeman.

☉=chalandise=, _n.f._, custom.

=chalastique= (ka-), _adj._, (med.) chalastic.

=chalcédoine=. _V._ =calcédoine=.

=chalcite= (kalsit), _n.m._, (chem.) chalcite.

=chalcographe= (kal-), _n.m._, chalcographer, engraver on brass.

=chalcographie= (kal-), _n.f._, chalcography, engraving on brass; engraving establishment; printing-office (of the pope).

=chaldaïque= (kal-), _adj._, Chaldaic.

=chaldéen=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._ _V._ =chaldaïque=.

=chaldéen=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Chaldean.

=chaldéen=, _n.m._, Chaldaic, Chaldean.

=châle=, _n.m._, shawl.

=châlet=, _n.m._, cheese-house, Swiss cottage.

=chaleur=, _n.f._, heat, glow; fervency, zeal, ardor; warmth; (phys.) calorie. _Son style manque de —_; his style lacks warmth. _Les grandes —s_; the hot season; the height of summer. _Sentir de la —_; to feel warm.

=chaleureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, warm, ardent; glowing; spirited, vehement.

☉=châlit=, _n.m._, bedstead.

☉=chaloir=, _v.imp._, to care for, to matter. _Il ne m’en chaut_; I don’t care, it matters not to me. _Peu m’en chaut_; it signifies little to me.

=chalon=, _n.m._, drag, drag-net.

=chaloupe=, _n.f._, (nav.) ship’s boat, long boat, launch. _— canonnière_; gun-boat.

=chalumeau=, _n.m._, stalk of corn; straw; pipe, reed; blow-pipe; shawm.

=chalumet=, _n.m._, top (of a pipe).

=chalut=, _n.m._, drag-net, trawl.

=chalybé=, =-e= (ka-), _adj._, chalybeate.

=chamade=, _n.f._, (milit.) parley, chamade. _Battre la —_; to sound a parley; to surrender, to yield.

*=chamailler=, _v.n._, to bicker, to squabble, to wrangle.

*_se_ =chamailler=, _v.r._, to squabble, to wrangle. _— des dents_; to feed, to stuff.

*=chamaillis=, _n.m._, fray, squabble, uproar, wrangle.

=charmarre=, _n.f._, smock-frock; lace, embroidery.

=chamarrer=, _v.a._, to lace, to trim with lace, to bedizen; to load with ridicule.

=chamarrure=, _n.f._, trimming, lacing, bedizening.

=chambellan= (-bel-lān), _n.m._, chamberlain.

=chambourin=, _n.m._, strass.

=chambranle=, _n.m._, (carp.) chambranle; casing of a chimney, door-case, window-frame. _— de cheminée_; mantel-shelf.

=chambre=, _n.f._, chamber, room; lodging, apartment; House (of parliament); (metal.) bead, chaplet; (opt.) camera, chamber; (artil.) chamber; (nav.) cabin; honey-comb (of cannon). _— ardente_; ardent chamber (history of France). _— claire_; light room; (opt.) camera lucida. _— haute_; House of Lords. _— à coucher_; bed-chamber. _— garnie_; furnished lodging. _Femme de —_; chambermaid. _Robe de —_; dressing-gown. _Garder la —_; to keep one’s room. _Convoquer les —s_; to convoke parliament. _Avoir des —s à louer dans la tête_; to be rather empty-headed, to be a visionary. _Arrêter_, _louer_, _une —_; to hire, to secure a room. _Faire une —_; to do (clean) a room.

=chambré=, =-e=, _adj._, (of fire-arms) chambered, provided with a powder-chamber; honeycombed (of cannon).

=chambrée=, _n.f._, persons sleeping in one room; (thea.) house; mess, barrack-room (of soldiers).

=chambrelan=, _n.m._, (pop., l.u.) workman who works in his own room; single-room lodger.

☉=chambrer=, _v.n._, to chum together.

_se_ =chambrer=, _v.r._, to become honeycombed.

=chambrer=, _v.a._, to keep anyone confined either by force or art; to take one aside in a company; to chamber (of guns).

=chambrette=, _n.f._, little room.

☉=chambrier=, _n.m._, chamberlain.

=chambrière=, _n.f._, chamber-maid; (man.) horse-whip.

=chame= _or_ =came=, _n.f._, (conch.) chama; muscle, heart-cockle.

=chameau=, _n.m._, camel; (fig.) heavy fellow. _Rejeter le moucheron et avaler le —_; to strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.

=chamelier=, _n.m._, camel-driver.

=chamelle=, _n.f._, female camel.

=chamelon= (sham-lon), _n.m._, young camel.

=chamois=, _n.m._, chamois, shamoy, wild goat; shammy; shammy-leather; chamois leather.

=chamois=, _adj._, buff, drab.

=chamoiser=, _v.a._, to shamoy.

_se_ =chamoiser=, _v.r._, to be shamoyed.

=chamoiserie=, _n.f._, chamois factory; chamois leather.

=chamoiseur=, _n.m._, shamoy-dresser.

=champ= (shān), _n.m._, field, piece of ground; career; opportunity, scope; matter, theme, subject; compass, space; (her.) field. _À tout bout de —_; every moment. _À travers —s_; over hedge and ditch, across country. _— de bataille_; field of battle. _— de courses_; race-course. _— de repos_; the churchyard, God’s acre. _— clos_; lists (for combat). _Sur-le-—_; at once, immediately. _Battre aux —s_; (milit.) to beat a salute. _Donner la clef des —s_; to give anyone his liberty. _Être aux —s_; to be in the country; (fig.) to be in a passion. _Courir les —s_; to run about the country. _Prendre la clef des —s_; to take to one’s heels; to bolt. _Le — est libre_; the coast is clear. _Il est fou à courir les —s_; he is as mad as a march hare. _Être aux —s_; not to know where one is.

*=champagne=, _n.m._, champagne. _— frappé_; iced champagne. _— mousseux_; sparkling champagne. _— non mousseux_; still champagne. _Fine —_; liqueur brandy.

*=champagniser=, _v.a._, to turn into champagne.

=champart=, _n.m._, (feudality) field-rent paid in kind to the lord.

=champarter=, _v.a._, to exercise the right of levying field-rent in kind.

=champarteur=, _n.m._, bailiff charged to collect field-rent in kind.

☉=champeaux=, _n.m.pl._, grass fields.

=champenois=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, native of Champagne.

=champenois=, =-e=, _adj._, of Champagne.

=champêtre=, _adj._, rural, rustic, country-like, sylvan. _Garde —_; keeper.

=champignon=, _n.m._, mushroom, toadstool; waster, thief (in a candle); bonnet-stand, peg; (arch.) cap.

*=champignonnière=, _n.f._, mushroom-bed.

=champion=, _n.m._, champion, chieftain; combatant.

=championnat=, _n.m._, championship.

=champlure=, _n.f._, frost-bite (of a vine); tap-hole (of a cask).

=chance=, _n.f._, hazard (at dice); chance, luck, good luck, good fortune; risk. _Courir la —_; to run the risk. _Être en —_; to be lucky, _or_ in luck’s way. _Souhaiter bonne — à quelqu’un_; to wish any one good luck. _Il n’est — qui ne retourne_; luck will change.

=chancelant=, =-e=, _adj._, staggering, tottering, unsettled; unsteady, irresolute, wavering.

=chanceler=, _v.n._, to stagger, to totter, to reel, to falter, to waver, to be unsteady.

=chancelier=, _n.m._, chancellor. _Grand —_; high chancellor.

=chancelière=, _n.f._, chancellor’s wife; foot-muff.

=chancellement= (-mān), _n.m._, reeling, tottering, staggering, unsteadiness.

=chancellerie= (-sèl-rî), _n.f._, chancellor’s house, office, chancellery. _Grande —_; office of the great seal. _Petite —_; office of the privy seal.

=chanceu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, lucky, fortunate; uncertain, doubtful (of things).

=chancir=, _v.n._, to grow musty, moldy.

=chancissure=, _n.f._, mustiness, moldiness.

=chancre=, _n.m._, (agri., bot., vet.) canker; (med.) chancre.

=chancreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cancerous, cankered; (med.) chancrous.

=chandeleur= (shand-lēur), _n.f._, Candlemas.

=chandelier=, _n.m._, candlestick; chandler, tallowchandler; (nav.) crotch. _— à manche_; flat candlestick. _— de mineur_; miner’s crowbar. _Être placé sur le —_; to occupy a conspicuous position.

=chandelière=, _n.f._, tallow-chandler (woman).

=chandelle=, _n.f._, candle, tallow-candle; light. _— plongée_; dip-candle. _— de glace_; icicle. _— de veille_; rush-light. _Moucher la —_; to snuff the candle. _Eteindre la —_; to put out the candle. _Souffler la —_; to blow out the candle. _Travailler à la —_; to work by candle-light. _Brûler la — par les deux bouts_; to burn the candle at both ends. _Le jeu n’en vaut pas la —_; it is not worth one’s while. _S’en aller comme une —_; to go off like the snuff of a candle. _Voir trente-six —s_; to be stunned; to see the stars by daylight. _C’est une économie de bouts de —_; that is penny wise and pound foolish. _Il vous doit une belle —_; he ought to be very grateful to you.

=chandellerie=, _n.f._, candle-factory.

=chanfrein=, _n.m._, forehead (of a horse); chanfrin (armor for a horse’s head); (arch.) chamfer, chamfret; (zoöl.) chaffron.

=chanfreiner=, _v.a._, (arch.) to chamfer, to rabbet; (carp.) to cant, to edge.

=change=, _n.m._, exchange (barter); (com.) exchange; money-change; agio; (fig.) wrong scent. _Lettres de —_; letters of exchange. _Agent de —_; stock-broker. _— commun_; average exchange. _— direct_; direct exchange. _— extérieur_; foreign exchange. _— du jour_; current exchange. _Commerce de —_; exchange business. _Cote de —_; current rate of exchange. _Fausse lettre de —_; forged bill. _Lettre de — sur l’étranger_; foreign bill of exchange. _Le — est au pair_; the exchange is at par. _Première de —_; first of exchange. _Seconde de —_; second of exchange. _Seule de —_; sole of exchange. _Au — de_; at the rate of exchange of. _Bureau de — de monnaie_; exchange office. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to put any one on the wrong scent. _Rendre le — à quelqu’un_; to give a Roland for an Oliver, _or_ tit for tat; to pay back in one’s own coin. _Tirer une lettre de — sur quelqu’un_; to draw a bill on anyone.

=changeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, changeable, fickle, unsteady, variable, inconstant, unstable, unsettled (of the weather).

=changement= (shanj-mān), _n.m._, change, alteration, changing, variation, mutation; (jur.) amendment. _Amener un —_; to bring about a change. _— à vue_; scene-shifting. _— de voie_; shunting.

=changeoter= (-jo-té), _v.n._, (fam., l.u.) to change often.

=changer=, _v.a._, to change, to exchange; to alter, to turn, to commute, to convert, to transform.

_se_ =changer=, _v.r._, to be changed, converted; to alter, to change.

=changer=, _v.n._, to change, to alter. _— de logis_, _de demeure_; to shift one’s quarters, to remove. _— d’avis_; to alter one’s mind. _— de chemise_; to change one’s shirt. _— d’habits_; to change clothes. _— de voie_ (rail.); to shunt.

=changeur=, _n.m._, money-changer.

=chanoine=, _n.m._, canon.

=chanoinesse=, _n.f._, canoness.

☉=chanoinie=, _n.f._, canonry, canonship.

=chanson=, _n.f._, song, ballad; ditty; (fig.) idle story, stuff, trash. _Refrain d’une —_; chorus of a song. _C’est toujours la même —_; it is the same thing over and over again; it is always harping on the same string. _Voilà bien une autre —_; that is another story altogether. _—s que tout cela!_ all idle stories! _—s!_ humbug, stuff!

=chansonner=, _v.a._, (b.s.) to lampoon.

=chansonnette=, _n.f._, little song, ditty.

=chansonneur=, _n.m._, lampooner.

=chansonnier=, _n.m._, ballad-writer; song-book.

=chansonnière=, _n.f._, song-writer (woman).

=chant=, _n.m._, singing, strain, song; air; lay, ditty, melody; chant, hymn, book. _Plain —_; plain chant, canto fermo. _Le — du coq_; the crowing of the cock. _— funèbre_; dirge.

=chantable=, _adj._, fit to be sung, worth singing.

=chantage=, _n.m._, extortion of hush money; blackmailing.

=chantant=, =-e=, _adj._, tunable, easily sung, easily set to music; musical, harmonious.

=chanteau=, _n.m._, hunch of bread; bit of stuff.

=chantepleure= (shant-pleur), _n.f._, funnel with a rose; gully-hole.

=chantepleurer=, _v.a._, to tread (grapes).

=chanter=, _v.n._, to sing, to chant; to chirp, to warble, to crow; (fam.) to say too much. _Ce criminel a chanté à la question_; (fam.) that prisoner let the cat out of the bag. _— juste_, _agréablement_, _passablement_; to sing true, agreeably, tolerably. _— faux_; to sing out of tune. _— à livre ouvert_; to sing at sight. _C’est comme si vous chantiez_; it is as if you were talking to the wind. _L’alouette chante_; the lark carols. _Le coq chante_; the cock crows. _La cigale chante_; the grasshopper chirps. _— sur tous les tons_; to ring the changes on. _Tel chante qui ne rit pas_; the heart may be sad though the face be gay. _Je lui ai chanté sa gamme_; I lectured him finely. _— à faire pitié_; to sing wretchedly.

=chanter=, _v.a._, to sing, to chant; to extol, to praise; to celebrate; to warble; to talk, to tell, stuff. _— victoire_; to cry victory, to crow over a victory. _Que me chantez-vous là?_ what stuff are you telling me now? _Se —_; to be sung.

=chanterelle= (shān-trél), _n.f._, first string of a violin, &c.; decoy-bird; musical-bottle.

=chanteu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, singing (of birds).

=chanteur=, _n.m._, singer, vocalist; songster (of birds). _— des rues_; ballad-singer; extortioner.

=chanteuse=, _n.f._, singer, street-singer, vocalist.

=chantier= (-tié), _n.m._, timber-yard, wood-yard; stone-yard; dock-yard; stand, block, stocks; shop, shed. _L’ouvrage est sur le —_; the work is begun or in hand.

*=chantignole=, _n.f._, (carp.) wooden block; bracket.

=chantonner=, _a.n._, to hum, to hum a tune.

☉=chantonnerie= (to-n-rî), _n.f._, humming, drawling.

=chantournage=, _n.m._, cutting in profile.

=chantourné=, _n.m._, head-piece of a bedstead.

=chantourner=, _v.a._, to cut in profile.

=chantre=, _n.m._, singer, chorister, chanter; precentor, lay-clerk; songster, songstress (of birds). _Les —s des bois_; the feathered songsters.

=chantrerie=, _n.f._, precentorship.

=chanvre=, _n.m._, hemp.

=chanvrier=, _n.m._, hemp-dresser, dealer in hemp.

=chanvrière=, _n.f._, hemp-field.

=chaos= (kaô), _n.m._, chaos, confusion, disorder.

=chaotique=, _adj._, chaotic.

=chape=, _n.f._, cope (church garment); (arch.) cope. _Disputer de la — à l’évêque_; to dispute about what does not concern one.

=chapeau=, _n.m._, hat; bonnet; wreath of flowers (for a bride); (carp.) hand-piece; (bot.) cap; pileus (of a mushroom). _— à grand bord_; broad-brimmed hat. _— à petit bord_; narrow-brimmed hat. _— à haute forme_; tall-hat, top-hat. _— d’évêque_; (bot.) barrenwort. _— chinois_; (milit. mus.) Chinese bells. _— de paille d’Italie_; Leghorn hat. _La carre d’un —_; the crown of a hat. _— à cornes_; three-cornered hat. _Ôter son —_; to take off one’s hat. _— bas_; hat in hand. _—x bas!_ hats off. _— de paille_; straw hat. _— de velours_; velvet bonnet. _Le bord_, _la passe_, _la forme d’un —_; the border, the front, the shape of a hat. _— de fleurs_; garland of flowers. _Frère —_; assistant-brother (monk). _Enfoncer son —_; to pull one’s hat over one’s eyes; to screw up one’s courage. _Il y a eu bien des —x de reste_; there were many men killed. _Il n’y avait pas un seul —_; there wasn’t a single man there.

☉=chape-chute=, _n.f._, windfall, lucky hit.

☉=chape-chuter=, _v.n._, to make a slight noise.

=chapelain= (shap-lin), _n.m._, chaplain.

=chapeler= (sha-plé), _v.a._, to rasp (bread).

=chapelet= (cha-plè), _n.m._, chaplet, rosary, beads, bead-roll; (man., arch.) chaplet; beads (in brandy). _Dire son —_; to tell one’s beads. _Défiler son —_; to say all one has to say; to empty one’s budget. _Il n’a pas gagné cela en disant son —_; he did not get that for nothing.

=chapeli-er=, =-ère=, _n.m.f._, hatter, hat manufacturer.

=chapelle=, _n.f._, chapel; church plate, living; vault of an oven. _Faire —_; (nav.) to broach to, to chapel the ship. _Maître de —_; precentor. _— ardente_; lights round a coffin. _Pour la petite — s’il vous plaît_; please remember the grotto. _Tenir —_; to attend divine service in state.

=chapellenie= (sha-pèl-nî), _n.f._, chaplainship, chaplaincy.

=chapellerie= (sha-pèl-rî), _n.f._, hat-making; hat-trade.

=chapelure= (sha-plur), _n.f._, bread; raspings; grated bread.

=chaperon= (sha-pron), _n.m._, chaperon, hood; shoulder-knot; chaperon; coping of a wall; holster-cap.

=chaperonner=, _v.a._, to cope a wall; to chaperon (a young girl); to hood (a hawk).

=chapier=, _n.m._, priest with a cope, cope-maker.

=chapiteau=, _n.m._, (arch.) capital; crest; top; (of a press, mirror, &c.); head of a still; cap (of a fusee).

=chapitre=, _n.m._, chapter (of a book, of knights, of a cathedral); chapter; chapter-house; subject, matter of discourse, head. _En voilà assez sur ce —_; that is quite enough on that score. _Avoir voix au —_; to have interest at the board. _Passons sur ce —_; let us waive the subject.

=chapitrer=, _v.a._, to reprimand, to rebuke, to lecture any one.

=chapon=, _n.m._, capon; sop in broth; crust of bread rubbed with garlic. _Le vol du —_; certain extent of ground about a country-seat. _Avoir les mains faites en — rôti_; to have crooked fingers; to be light-fingered. _Qui — mange — lui vient_; money begets money.

=chaponneau=, _n.m._, (l.u.) young capon.

=chaponner=, _v.a._, to capon.

=chaponnière=, _n.f._, stew-pan (for capons).

=chaque=, _adj._, each, every. _— pays a ses coutumes_; every country has its customs. _À — jour suffit sa peine_; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof.

=char=, _n.m._, car, chariot. _— funèbre_; hearse. _— à bancs_; wagonette, jaunting car. _— de triomphe_; triumphal car.

=charabia=, _n.m._, gibberish, gabble.

=charade=, _n.f._, charade.

=charançon=, _n.m._, snout, beetle, weevil.

=charançonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (of corn) weeviled.

=charbon=, _n.m._, coal; embers; charcoal; carbuncle; (agri.) black rust; (med.) anthrax. _— de bois_; charcoal. _— de terre_; coal. _Être sur les —s_; to be on thorns. _Mine à —_; coal-mine.

=charbonnage=, _n.m._, (l.u.) coal-mining.

=charbonnée=, _n.f._, short rib of beef.

=charbonner=, _v.a._, to char; to black with coal; to besmut.

_se_ =charbonner=, _v.r._, to be charred, to burn black, to smolder.

=charbonnerie= (-bo-n-rî), _n.f._, coal-store.

=charbonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) carbuncled.

=charbonnier=, _n.m._, charcoal-burner, coal-seller, coal-man; coal-shed, coal-hole; (ich.) coal-fish; (nav.) collier. _Le — est maître chez lui_ or _chez soi_; a man’s house is his castle.

=charbonnière=, _n.f._, charcoal-kiln; coal-seller; coal-man’s wife; (orni.) titmouse.

*=charbouiller=, _v.a._, (agri.) to blight.

=charbucle=, _n.f._, (agri.) blight (in corn).

=charcuter=, _v.a._, to chop up (meat); to hack, to mangle.

=charcuterie= (-ku-trî), _n.f._, pork-butcher’s meat; pork-butcher’s business; dressed pork.

=charcuti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (-tié, -ti-èr), pork-butcher.

=chardon=, _n.m._, thistle; spike (on a wall). _— aux ânes_; cotton-thistle. _— à foulon_; teasel. _— étoilé_; star-thistle.

=chardonner=, _v.a._, to teasel (cloth).

=chardonneret= (-do-n-rè), _n.m._, (orni.) gold-finch; painted-lady, butterfly.

=chardonnette= _or_ =cardonnette=, _n.f._, prickly artichoke.

=chardonnière=, _n.f._, thistle-waste.

=charge=, _n.f._, load, lading, freight, pack; tax, expense; burden, clog; charge; accusation, imputation, indictment; post; place; office, employment; order, command, commission; custody, care; charge, onset; charge (of a gun); (vet., paint., jur.) charge; exaggeration, caricature. _Femme de —_; housekeeper. _Être à — à quelqu’un_; to be a burden upon any one. _Cela est à ma —_; I have to pay for that. _Il faut prendre le bénéfice avec les —s_; we must take the good with the bad. _Faire une —_; (milit.) to charge. _Se démettre de sa —_; to resign one’s place or office. _On a donné trop de — à ce mur_; this wall has been overloaded. _Sonner la —_; to sound the charge. _Revenir à la —_; to make a new attempt. _À la — de_, _à la — que_; upon condition that, provided that. _Prendre —_; to take in cargo. _Rompre —_; to break bulk.

=chargé=, =-e=, _part._, loaded, burdened; (print.) foul (of proofs). _Dés —s_; loaded dice; registered (of a letter). _Le temps est —_; the weather is overcast. _— d’affaires_; chargé d’affaires, envoy. _— de cours_; assistant-lecturer; professor; substitute.

=chargeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, clogging, heavy.

=chargement=, _n.m._, cargo, lading, freight, shipment; bill of lading; shipment.

=charger=, _v.a._, to load, to saddle, to lade, to freight, to charge; to burden, to clog, to overburthen, to encumber; to impute, to lay a thing to any one’s charge; to charge with, to command, to give a thing in charge, to trust with; to charge, to fall upon, to make an onset on; to load (a gun); to fill (pipe); to set down; to lay on; (paint.) to overcharge, to exaggerate. _— un fusil_; to load a gun. _— toutes les voiles_; to clap on all sails. _— une lettre_; to register a letter.

_se_ =charger=, _v.r._, to take charge, to charge one’s self; to become overcast (of the weather); to burden one’s self, to saddle one’s self with.

=charger=, _v.n._, to load; to exaggerate, to lay it on.

=chargeur=, _n.m._, loader, ship-porter; (nav.) gunner.

☉=charier=. _V._ =charrier=.

=chariot=, _n.m._, wagon, cart, truck, trolley, wain. (astron.) _Le grand —_; Charles’ wain; Ursa Major. _Le petit —_; Ursa Minor.

=charitable=, _adj._, charitable.

=charitablement=, _adv._, charitably.

=charité=, _n.f._, charity, love, benevolence; alms, almsgiving. _Faire la —_; to give alms. _Demander la —_; to beg. _— bien ordonnée commence par soi-même_; charity begins at home. _Sœur de —_; sister of mercy. _La —, s’il vous plaît!_ a penny, kind gentleman, if you please.

=charivari=, _n.m._, rough music, hubbub, clatter, noise, shindy.

=charivariser=, _v.a._, to give rough music; to kick up a row.

=charivariseur=, =charivarieur=, _or_ =charivariste=, _n.m._, mock-musician; rioter, roysterer.

=charlatan=, _n.m._, mountebank, quack, charlatan, empiric, wheedler.

=charlatane=, _n.f._, wheedler.

=charlataner=, _v.a._, to gull, to wheedle, to cajole.

=charlatanerie=, _n.f._, quackery, charlatanery, juggling.

=charlatanesque=, _adj._, quackish.

=charlatanisme=, _n.m._, quackery, charlatanism, charlatanry.

=charlemagne=, _n.m._, (fig.) short broadsword. _Faire —_; to leave off a winner.

=charlot=, _n.m._, curlew. _— de plage_; sea-lark.

=charlotte=, _n.f._, (cook.) charlotte.

=charmant=, =-e=, _adj._, charming, delightful, pleasing, lovely.

=charme=, _n.m._, charm, spell, enchantment; attraction, delight; (bot.) horn-beam, yoke-elm. _Cela vous va comme un —_; that fits you perfectly, splendidly, to a tee. _Se porter comme un —_; to be in perfect health. _Sous le —_; under the spell.

=charmer=, _v.a._, to charm, to enchant, to bewitch, to fascinate; to captivate, to please, to delight, to beguile, to while away. _Je suis charmé de vous voir_; I am delighted to see you.

=charmeur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) charmer, enchanter.

=charmeuse=, _n.f._, (l.u.) bewitching woman, enchantress.

*=charmille=, _n.f._, horn-beam, yoke-elm; hedge of yoke-elm trees; bower, arbor.

=charmoie=, _n.f._, grove of hornbeam or yoke-elm trees.

=charnel=, =-le=, _adj._, carnal, sensual.

=charnellement= (-mān), _adv._, carnally.

=charnier=, _n.m._, charnel-house; ☉larder.

=charnière=, _n.f._, hinge, joint.

=charnu=, =-e=, _adj._, fleshy, plump; brawny, carneous.

=charnure=, _n.f._, flesh, skin.

*=charogne=, _n.f._, carrion; (fig.) blackguard.

=charpente=, _n.f._, timber-work, carpenter’s work; frame, frame-work. _Bois de —_; timber.

=charpenter=, _v.a._, to square timber; to hack, to mangle.

=charpenterie= (-pān-trî), _n.f._, carpentry; carpenter’s work, carpenter’s trade; timberwork; timber-yard (of dock-yards).

=charpentier= (-tié), _n.m._, carpenter; (whale-fishery), whale-cutter.

=charpi=, _n.m._, cooper’s block.

=charpie=, _n.f._, lint. _En —_; (of meat) boiled to rags.

=charrée=, _n.f._, buck-ashes; lye.

=charretée= (shar-tée), _n.f._, cart-load.

=charretier= (shar-tié), _n.m._, carman, carter, wagoner; plow-boy, plowman. _Il n’y a si bon — qui ne verse_; it’s a good horse that never stumbles. _Jurer comme un — embourbé_; to swear like a trooper.

=charreti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, passable for carts, &c. _Chemin —_; cart-road. _Voie —ère_; track (space between the two wheels of a cart).

=charrette=, _n.f._, cart. _— à bras_; hand-cart. _— à ressorts_; spring-cart. _Train de —_; skeleton-cart. _Mettre la — devant les bœufs_; to put the cart before the horse. _Mieux vaut être cheval que —_; better lead than be led. _C’est un avaleur de —s ferrées_; he is a great brag.

=charriage=, _n.m._, cartage.

=charrier=, _v.a._, to cart, to bring in a cart; to drift; (med.) to be loaded with.

=charrier=, _v.n._, to drift (of ice), scud (of clouds). _La rivière charrie_; the river is filled with drift-ice. _— droit_; to behave properly; to do what is right.

=charrier=, _n.m._, bucking-cloth.

=charroi=, _n.m._, carting, wagonage.

=charron=, _n.m._, wheelwright.

=charronnage=, _n.m._, wheelwright’s work.

=charroyer=, _v.a._, to cart (heavy things).

=charrue=, _n.f._, plow. _Mettre la — devant les bœufs_; to put the cart before the horse. _Passer la — sur_; to plow. _Tirer la —_; to drudge, work hard.

=charte=, _n.f._, charter; policy; title-deeds. _La grande —_; Magna Charta.

=charte-partie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (com.) charter-party.

=chartographe=, _n.m._, chartographer.

=chartographique=, _adj._, chartographic.

=chartographie=, _n.f._, chartography; mapping.

☉=charton= _or_ =charreton=, _n.m._, carter, coachman.

☉=chartre=, _n.f._, charter (old document).

☉=chartre=, _n.f._, prison; consumption. _Tenir quelqu’un en — privée_; to detain anyone illegally.

=chartreuse=, _n.f._, Carthusian convent; Carthusian nun; isolated country-house; (cook.) mixed vegetables. _Liqueur —_; (cordial).

=chartreux=, _n.m._, Carthusian friar, cat of a bluish gray.

=chartrier=, _n.m._, charter-house; charter-room, muniment-room; keeper of charters.

=chartron=, _n.m._ _Faire_ or _former le —_; to stand in a row near the footlights.

=charybde=, _n.m._, Charybdis. _Tomber de — en Scylla_; to fall from the frying-pan into the fire.

=chas=, _n.m._, eye (of a needle); weaver’s starch; (tech.) plumb rule.

=châsse=, _n.f._, reliquary; shrine; frame; handle (of lancets); cheek (of a balance).

=chassé=, _n.m._, chasse, a step in dancing.

=chasse=, _n.f._, chase, hunt, hunting, chasing, pursuit; game; (mus.) chasse; play (of machinery). _— à courre_; coursing, hunting. _— au tir_; shooting. _— au vol_, _— aux oiseaux_; fowling. _— aux flambeaux_; bat fowling. _Un garde-—_; a game-keeper. _Prendre —_ (nav.); to sheer off. _Donner —_; to pursue. _Soutenir —_; to maintain a running fight.

=chasse-avant=, _n.m._, (_—_) overseer, foreman.

=chasse-chien=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) beadle; keeper employed to drive away dogs.

=chasse-coquins=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) beggar-driver, beadle.

=chasse-cousins=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) paltry dinner, bad wine; cold shoulder, poor reception.

=chasse-croisé=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (dancing) chasse-croisé; (fig.) a change of office or situation.

=chasse-ennui=, _n.m._, (_—_) an exhilarant, stimulant.

=chasselas= (shas-la), _n.m._, grapes, chasselas.

=chasse-marée=, _n.m._, (_—_) fish-cart; driver of a fish-cart; lugger.

=chasse-mouches=, _n.m._, (_—_) fly-flap; fly-net.

=chasse-mulet=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) miller’s man.

=chasse-neige=, _n.m._, snow-plow.

=chasse-pierres=, _n.m._, (_—_) (railways) guard-iron, cow-catcher; catapult.

*=chasse-poignée=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) cutler’s tool, driver.

=chassepot=, _n.m._, name of the rifle in use in the French army until 1871.

=chasser=, _v.a._, to hunt, to chase, to pursue; to beat (gold); to turn out, to expel; to drive, to drive forward. _— un clou_; to drive in a nail. _— un domestique_; to turn away, to discharge, a servant. _Qui deux choses chasse, ni l’une ni l’autre ne prend_; (prov.) between two stools one falls to the ground. _— le mauvais air_; to ventilate. _Ne pas — deux lièvres à la fois_; not to have too many irons in the fire. _Un clou chasse l’autre_; one idea drives away another. _— la terre_; (nav.) to approach, to reconnoiter, the coast.

=chasser=, _v.n._, to shoot; to hunt; to roll along easily; to drive (of clouds); (print.) to drive out. _— au fusil_; to shoot. _— aux perdrix_; to shoot partridges. _— aux lions_; to hunt lions. _— sur son ancre_; (nav.) to drag the anchor. _— à courre_; to hunt, to course. _— au faucon_; to hawk. _— de race_; (prov.) to be a chip of the old block. _— aux blancs moineaux_; to lose one’s time in running after impossibilities.

=chasseresse= (shas-rès), _n.f._, huntress.

=chasse-roue=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) spur-post; guard-iron.

=chasseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, hunter, sportsman; huntsman, gamekeeper; chasseur (footman); light infantry soldier; ship that chases another. _—s à cheval_; (milit.) light cavalry.

=chassie=, _n.f._, gum of the eye.

=chassieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, blear-eyed.

=châssis=, _n.m._, (print.) chase; window-sash frame. _Fenêtre à —_; sash-window. _— dormant_; the fixed part of a window-frame. _— de jardin_, _de couche_; garden-frame; glass-frame. (motor) chassis. _— presse_; (phot.) printing-frame.

=chassoir=, _n.m._, cooper’s tool, driver; (tech.) drift.

=chaste=, _adj._, chaste, continent, honest, modest, pure, virtuous; (style) neat, correct, terse.

=chastement=, _adv._, chastely, honestly, purely, virtuously.

=chasteté=, _n.f._, chastity, chasteness, continence, purity.

=chasuble=, _n.f._, chasuble.

=chasublier=, _n.m._, maker of chasubles.