Chapter M (8)

=patricien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, patrician.

=patrie=, _n.f._, native country, native land, home, fatherland; birth-place.

=patrimoine=, _n.m._, patrimony, inheritance.

=patrimonial=, =-e=, _adj._, patrimonial.

=patriote=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, patriot; patriotic.

=patriotique=, _adj._, patriotic.

=patriotiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, like a patriot, patriotically.

=patriotisme=, _n.m._, patriotism.

☉=patrociner=, _v.n._, (jest.) to argue; to lecture, to talk.

=patron=, _n.m._, patron; patron saint; master (of a house); master, employer; (fam.) governor; principal; (nav.) coxswain; master (of slaves); (canon law) advowee; pattern, model; (tech.) templet. _— d’un vaisseau marchand_; master of a merchantman. _— de chaloupe_; coxswain of a longboat. _Je veux parler au —_; I want to speak to the principal, to the governor. _Faire un —_; to take a pattern. _Dès — minette_; from cockcrow.

=patronage=, _n.m._, patronage; pattern-work; advowson.

=patronal=, =-e=, _adj._, patronal. _Fête —e_; patron saint’s day.

=patronat=, _n.m._, (Rom. hist.) protection, patronizing; patronate; employment of labor.

☉=patroniser=, _v.a._, to patronize.

☉_dès le_ =patron-jaquet=, _dès le_ =patron-minet=, _adv._, very early, at daybreak.

=patronne=, _n.f._, patroness; female guardian saint; employer, mistress.

=patronner=, _v.n._, to patronize, to take the pattern of; to stencil.

=patronner=, _v.a._, to patronize.

=patronnesse=, _adj.f._, patronizing, supporting. _Dame —_; lady who gives her patronage.

=patronymique=, _adj._, patronymic.

*=patrouillage=, _n.m._, (l.u.) mess, paddling.

*=patrouille=, _n.f._, patrol. _Faire la —_; to patrol. _— grise_; night-patrol.

*=patrouiller=, _v.n._, (pop.) to paddle, to puddle, mess about; (milit.) to patrol.

*=patrouiller=, _v.a._, (pop.) to spoil things (by messing them about).

*=patrouillis=, _n.m._, mess, puddle.

=patte=, _n.f._, paw (of animals); flap (of pockets); foot (of birds, of glasses); leg (of an insect). _— de chien_; dog’s paw. _— d’oie_; foot of a goose. _— de collet_; shoulder-strap. _Des —s d’araignée_; spider’s legs. _—s d’écrevisse_; claws of a crayfish, fluke (of anchors); (tech.) cramp, hook, holdfast. _Marcher à quatre —s_; to go on all fours. _Passer sous la — de quelqu’un_; to fall into any one’s clutches. _Mettre la — sur quelqu’un_; to lay hands upon any one. _Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un_; to slang any one in (his presence _or_ absence). _Graisser la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a sop, to fee any one. _—s de mouches_; scrawl. _Faire — de velours_; to cajole, to flatter; to touch softly.

=patte-d’oie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) goose-foot; intersection of several roads; crow’s foot.

☉=patte-pelu=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_), patte-pelue, _n.f._, (_—-—s_), wolf in sheep’s clothing; hypocrite.

=pattu=, =-e=, _adj._, rough-footed; heavy, large-pawed.

=pâturage=, _n.m._, pasture, pasture-ground, grazing.

=pâture=, _n.f._, food, pasturage. _Servir de — à_; to become the prey (of). _Vaine —_; common. _Droit de vaine —_; common of pasture.

=pâturer=, _v.n._, to pasture, to graze, to feed.

=pâtureur=, _n.m._, (milit.) pastor, pasturer.

=paturin=, _n.m._, (bot.) meadow-grass. _— comprimé_; wire-grass.

=pâturon=, _n.m._, pastern (of a horse).

=paucité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) paucity.

=paulette=, _n.f._, tax (formerly paid for permission to dispose of one’s office).

=paulo-post-futur=, _n.m._, (gram.) paulo-post-future.

=paulownia=, _n.m._, (bot.) paulownia.

=paume=, _n.f._, palm (of the hand); tennis rackets (game). _Longue —_; lawn-tennis. _Jeu de —_; tennis, tennis court, racket court.

=paumelle=, _n.f._, sort of barley; hand-leather, hand-guard.

=paumer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to give a punch, to slap, to smack; to grab, to nab.

=paumier=, _n.m._, tennis-court keeper.

=paumoyer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to underrun (cables).

=paumure=, _n.f._, top-antlers.

=paupérisme=, _n.m._, pauperism.

=paupière=, _n.f._, eyelid; eyelash; (fig.) eye, eyes. _Fermer la —_; to shut one’s eyes; to sleep; to die.

=pause=, _n.f._, pause, stop, rest, stand; (mus.) rest, semi-breve rest.

=pauser=, _v.a._, (mus.) to pause, to make a pause.

=pauvre=, _adj._, poor, needy, wretched, destitute; paltry, sorry, scanty; mean, beggarly. _Une langue —_; a poor language. _Un sujet —_; a barren subject. _Le — homme!_ poor silly fellow! _— d’esprit_; poor in spirit; weak-headed. _Un homme —_; a poor man. _C’est un — poète_; he is a wretched poet. _Un — hère_, _un — diable_; a poor devil.

=pauvre=, _n.m._, poor person, poor man, pauper, beggar. _—s honteux_; poor people who are ashamed to beg. _Aux —s la besace_; the back is made for the burden.

=pauvrement=, _adv._, poorly, wretchedly.

=pauvresse=, _n.f._, poor woman, beggar-woman, beggar-girl.

=pauvret=, _n.m._, =-te=, _n.f._, poor creature, poor thing.

=pauvreté=, _n.f._, poverty, indigence, need; sorry thing, wretchedness. _— n’est pas vice_; poverty is no crime. _Dire des —_; to deal in platitudes.

=pavage=, _n.m._, pavement, paving.

=pavane=, _n.f._, pavan (dance).

_se_ =pavaner=, _v.r._, to strut, to strut along; to stalk proudly; to flaunt.

=pavé=, _n.m._, paving-stone; pavement; paved road; road-way, street, streets. _Être sur le —_; to be without a home; to be on the streets. _Battre le —_; to idle _or_ lounge about town. _Tâter le —_; not to walk firmly. _Le haut du —_; the wall side. _Tenir le haut du —_; to hold the first rank. _Brûler le —_; to drive like the wind, to tear along the road. _Être sur le — du roi_; to be on the king’s highway. _Mettre sur le —_; to turn into the streets; to turn out of the house; to turn out of employment. _Les pavés le disent_; the thing is in every one’s mouth.

=pavement= (pav-mān), _n.m._, paving; pavement.

=paver=, _v.a._, to pave.

=pavesade=, _n.f._, (nav.) pavisade.

=paveur=, _n.m._, pavier, pavior.

=pavie=, _n.m._, cling-stone peach.

*=pavillon=, _n.m._, pavilion, summer-house; wing, outhouse, lodge; tent, flag, standard; (c.rel.) veil of the tabernacle; bell (of a trumpet). _Amener son —_; to strike her flag (of a ship). _— blanc_; flag of truce. _— de poupe_; ensign. _Hisser le —_; to hoist the flag. _Baisser —_; to yield, to give in, to surrender. _Vaisseau —_; flag-ship.

=pavois=, _n.m._, shield; (nav.) armor.

=pavoisement=, _n.m._, (nav.) dressing with flags.

=pavoiser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to adorn with flags; to dress.

=pavot=, _n.m._, (bot.) poppy.

=payable=, _adj._, payable.

=payant=, =-e=, _adj._, paying. _Carte —e_; bill (at an eating-house). _Billet —_; paid ticket.

=payant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, payer, person who pays.

=paye= (pè-ye), _n.f._, pay, salary; wages; (fam.) paymaster. _Une bonne —_; a good paymaster. _Morte-—_ (_—s-—s_); old servant kept and paid without doing any work; defaulting tax-payer. _Haute —_; (milit.) extra pay for good conduct stripes.

=payement= (pè-mān), _n.m._, payment. _Jour de —_; pay-day. _Non-—_, (_—-—s_) non-payment.

=payen=, =-ne=, _adj._ _V._ =païen=.

=payer=, _v.a._, to pay, to pay for, to pay off, to pay away, to recompense, to reward, to requite; to expiate, to atone for, to satisfy, to indemnify. _— trop_; to overpay. _— argent comptant_; to pay cash down. _Se faire —_; to get paid, to get one’s money. _Qui répond paye_; the bail must pay. _— quelqu’un d’ingratitude_; to reward any one with ingratitude. _— de belles paroles_; to pay with fine speeches. _— le tribut à la nature_; to pay the debt of nature. _— en même monnaie_; to pay in like coin. _— les violons_; to pay the piper. _— d’effronterie_; to brazen it out. _— d’audace_; to face it out. _Il me la payera_; he shall pay for it; I’ll be revenged on him for it. _Vous en payerez la folle enchère_; you shall pay dear for your rashness. _— de sa personne_; to expose one’s self to danger; to risk one’s skin; (fig.) to exert one’s self. _Être payé pour savoir_; to know a thing to one’s cost. _Ce n’est pas payé_; (at billiards, etc.), that’s hard lines (when a stroke has just been missed).

_se_ =payer=, _v.r._, to be satisfied; to be bought, to treat one’s self to. _Se — de raisons_; to be satisfied with reasons. _Cela ne peut pas se —_; that cannot be bought, that cannot be had for money. _Je ne me paye pas de mauvaises raisons_; nothing but good reasons will satisfy me. _Je me paierai un habit neuf_; I shall treat myself to a new coat.

=payeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, paymaster; payer.

=pays= (pè-yee), _n.m._, country, fatherland, birthplace, native place, home; part of the country, place, district; (pop.) fellow-countryman. _Gagner du —_; to get on, to make progress. _Courir le —_; to ramble, to rove about. _Battre le —_; to wander about; (mil.) to scour the country. _Être en — de connaissance_; to be among friends. _Savoir la carte du —_; to know one’s ground, one’s people. _— perdu_; out-of-the-way place, waste, desert. _— natal_; native country. _De quel — êtes-vous?_ what countryman are you? _Avoir le mal du —_; to be home-sick. _Nul n’est prophète en son —_; no man is a prophet in his own country. _Il est bien de son —_; he is very simple, very credulous. _À vue de —_; at first sight, by guess. _Faire voir du — à quelqu’un_; to lead any one a dance. _— ruiné vaut mieux que — perdu_; half a loaf is better than no bread.

=paysage= (pè-i-zaj), _n.m._, landscape, scenery; landscape-painting.

=paysag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, rustic, country.

=paysagiste= (pè-i-za-jist), _n.m._, landscape-painter.

=paysan= (pè-i-zan), _n.m._, =-ne= (-za-n), _n.f._, countryman; countrywoman; peasant, rustic.

=paysannerie= (pè-i-za-n-rî), _n.f._, rusticity, country manners.

=payse=, _n.f._, (pop.) fellow countrywoman.

=péage=, _n.m._, toll, due; toll-house.

=péager=, _n.m._, toll-gatherer.

=peau=, _n.f._, skin, hide, fell, peel; rind, pelt, fur; (fig., fam.) person. _— d’oignons_; onion-peel. _— de fruit_; skin of fruit. _Oter la —_; to peel. _Contes de — d’âne_; nursery tales, fairy tales. _Être dans la — de quelqu’un_; to be in any one’s shoes. _Il ne faut pas vendre la — de l’ours avant de l’avoir tué_; do not count your chickens before they are hatched. _— de soie_; Japanese silk.

=peausserie= (pô-srî), _n.f._, peltry; skinner’s trade.

=peaussier= (pô-sié), _n.m._, skinner, skin-dresser.

=peaussier=, _adj._, (anat.) cutaneous (muscle).

=pébrine=, _n.f._, disease (in silk-worms).

=pec=, _adj._, newly salted (of herrings).

=pécari=, _n.m._, peccary, Mexican boar.

=peccable= (pèk-kabl), _adj._, peccable, faulty.

=peccadille=, _n.f._, peccadillo, slight offense.

☉=peccant=, =-e= (pèk-kān, -t), _adj._, (med.) morbid, not healthy, peccant.

=peccata=, _n.m._, (_—_) (pop.) an ass; fool, dolt, blockhead.

=peccavi= (pèk-ka-vi), _n.m._, (_—_) peccavi.

=pêche=, _n.f._, (bot.) peach. _— hâtive_; early peach. _— tardive_; late peach.

=pêche=, _n.f._, fishing, angling. _La — à la ligne_; angling. _Aller à la —_; to go out fishing. _Ligne de —_; fishing line.

=péché=, _n.m._, sin, trespass, transgression. _— originel_; original sin. _— mignon_; besetting sin. _— grave_; heinous sin. _— irrémissible_; unpardonable sin. _Racheter ses —s_; to redeem one’s sins. _À tout — miséricorde_; there is mercy for every sin. _Rechercher les vieux —s de quelqu’un_; to rake up the old sins of any one. _Être laide comme les sept —s capitaux_; to be as ugly as sin. _Se dire les sept —s mortels_; to abuse one another mercilessly. _— avoué est à demi pardonné_; a fault confessed is half redressed.

=pécher=, _v.n._, to sin, to transgress, to trespass; to offend; to err; to be deficient, to fail. _— contre la bienséance_; to offend against decency. _Ce n’est pas par là qu’il pèche_; that is not his failing.

=pêcher=, _v.a._ and _n._, to fish, to angle, to fish for, to fish up, to drag out; to find, to pick up. _— à la ligne_; to angle for, with rod and line. _— un étang_; to draw a pond. _— en eau trouble_; to fish in troubled waters. _— au plat_; to pick into the dish. _Où avez-vous pêché cela?_ where did you pick that up _or_ where did you get hold of that?

=pêcher=, _n.m._, peach-tree.

=pécheresse= (pé-shrès), _n.f._ _V._ =pécheur=.

=pêcherie= (pê-shrî), _n.f._, fishing-place; fishery, fish-pond.

=péche-ur=, _n.m._, =-resse=, _n.f._, sinner.

=pêcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, fisher, angler, fisherman, fisherwoman. _— à la ligne_; angler. _Ligne de —_; fishing-line.

=pêcheu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, fishing.

=pécore=, _n.f._, stupid creature, blockhead, animal, creature.

=pecque=, _n.f._, silly, conceited woman _or_ girl.

=pectiné=, =-e=, _adj._, pectinal, comb-shaped.

=pectoral=, =-e=, _adj._, pectoral.

=pectoral=, _n.m._, breast-plate; (med.) pectoral.

=péculat=, _n.m._, peculation, embezzlement. _Être coupable de —_; to peculate.

=péculateur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) peculator.

=pécule=, _n.m._, savings, earnings, hoard.

☉=pécune=, _n.f._, ready money, cash, tin.

=pécuniaire=, _adj._, pecuniary.

=pécunieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, moneyed.

=pédagogie=, _n.f._, pedagogy.

=pédagogique=, _adj._, pedagogical.

=pédagogue=, _n.m._, pedagogue.

=pédale=, _n.f._, pedal; treadle; foot-board.

☉=pédané=, _adj._, formerly said of judges who tried cases standing up.

=pédant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, pedant; pedantic.

☉=pédanter=, _v.n._ _V._ =pédantiser=.

=pédanterie= (pé-dan-trî), _n.f._, pedantry.

=pédantesque=, _adj._, pedantic.

=pédantesquement=, _adv._, pedantically.

=pédantiser=, _v.n._, to act, _or_ play, the pedant.

=pédantisme=, _n.f._, pedantry.

=pédéraste=, _n.m._, pederast.

=pédérastie=, _n.f._, pederasty.

=pédestre=, _adj._, pedestrian, on foot.

=pédestrement=, _adv._, on foot. _Aller —_; to go on foot.

=pédicelle=, _n.m._, (bot.) pedicle, pedicel.

=pédiculaire=, _adj._, pedicular.

=pédiculaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) pedicularis, louse-wort.

=pédicule=, _n.m._, (bot.) pedicel; (med.) neck.

=pédiculé=, =-e=, _adj._, pedicellate.

=pédicure=, _n.m.f._, corn-cutter; chiropodist.

=pédiforme=, _adj._, foot-shaped.

=pédiluve=, _n.m._, (med.) pediluvium, foot-bath.

=pédimane=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (mam.) pedimane; pedimanous.

=pédomètre=, _n.m._, pedometer.

=pédon=, _n.m._, courier on foot, runner.

=pédonculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) peduncular.

=pédoncule=, _n.m._, (bot.) peduncle, flower-stalk.

=pédonculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) pedunculate.

=pégase=, _n.m._, Pegasus.

=pègle=, _n.f._, pitch (from wood).

=pègre=, _n.m._, thief. _n.f._, light-fingered gentry.

*=peignage=, _n.m._, combing, wool-combing.

*=peigne=, _n.m._, comb; (paint.) graining-tool. _— fin_; small-tooth comb. _— à démêler_; large-tooth comb. _Être sale comme un —_; to be as dirty as you like.

*=peigné=, =-e=, _part._, combed; (fig.) elaborate, labored. _Un jardin bien —_; a well-kept garden. _Un mal —_ or _un malpeigné_; a dirty, slovenly, ill-dressed fellow.

=peignée=, _n.f._, cardful (of wool).

*=peigner=, _v.a._, to comb, to card; (pop.) to beat, to drub; to polish (style).

_se_ =peigner=, _v.r._, to comb one’s self; (pop.) to beat one another.

=peignerie=, _n.f._, comb manufactory; comb-trade.

*=peigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (manu.) comber.

*=peignier=, _n.m._, comb-maker.

*=peignoir=, _n.m._, dressing-gown, wrapper; bathing-gown.

*=peignures=, _n.f.pl._, combings.

=peindre= (peignant, peint), _v.a._, to paint, to portray; to describe, to depict; to draw, to represent; to express. _— d’après nature_; to paint from nature. _— à l’huile_; to paint in oils. _— l’histoire_; to paint historical subjects. _— le portrait_; to take likenesses, to paint portraits. _Se faire —_; to sit for one’s portrait. _Fait à —_; very handsome. _Il nous a peint sa détresse_; he described his distress to us.

_se_ =peindre=, _v.r._, to paint one’s self; to be represented, to be expressed _or_ described, to be depicted. _La douleur se peignait sur son visage_; grief was depicted on his face.

=peine=, _n.f._, punishment, penalty, pain; affliction, grief, sorrow, misery; uneasiness, trouble, anxiety, labor; pains; reluctance. _Sous les —s de droit_; on pain of being punished according to law. _Partager les —s de quelqu’un_; to share any one’s troubles. _Il n’y a que des —s dans la vie_; the world is full of sorrow. _Cela fait — à voir_; it hurts one to see it. _À chaque jour suffit sa —_; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof. _Je suis en — de savoir ce qu’il deviendra_; I am at a loss to know what will become of him. _Faire de la — à quelqu’un_; to pain any one. _Être dans la —_; to be in trouble. _Se mettre en — de_; to trouble one’s self about. _Je voudrais vous épargner cette —_; I would willingly spare you that trouble. _Cela n’en vaut pas la —_; it is not worth while. _Il a de la — à parler_; he is scarcely able to speak. _Il a de la — à marcher_; he can scarcely walk. _Il a eu beaucoup de — à en venir à bout_; he had much trouble to bring it about, to get through it. _J’ai — à le croire_; I can hardly believe it. _Un homme de —_; a laborer. _Ce n’est pas la —_; it is not worth while. _À —_; hardly, scarce, scarcely. _À — sait-il lire_; he can hardly read. _À grand’—_; with great trouble, with much difficulty. _Mourir à la —_; to die in harness _or_ to work one’s self to death.

=peiné=, =-e=, _part._, pained, grieved; labored, elaborate, stiff. _Un ouvrage —_; a labored piece of work.

=peiner=, _v.a._, to pain, to make uneasy, to put to trouble; to fatigue, to labor.

_se_ =peiner=, _v.r._, to take pains; to grieve, to fret.

=peiner=, _v.n._, to labor, to toil; to be reluctant, to be loath.

=peint=, =-e=, _part._, painted, drawn. _Toiles —es_; printed calicoes.

=peintre=, _n.m._, painter. _— de paysage_; landscape painter. _Un — en bâtiments_; a house-painter.

=peinturage=, _n.m._, painting (on wood); daub.

=peinture=, _n.f._, painting; paint; picture, portraiture; description, appearance; painters’ work; colors. _— à l’huile_; oil-painting. _— en détrempe_; distemper-painting. _— en mosaïque_; mosaic-painting. _En —_; in painting, in appearance.

=peinturer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to paint (with one color only); to daub.

=peintureur=, _n.m._, bad painter, dauber. _V._ =barbouilleur=.

=pékin=, _n.m._, pekin (textile fabric); (fig.) civilian, snob. _C’est un mauvais —_; he’s a nasty fellow.

=pelade=, _n.f._, alopecy, alopecia, scurf.

=pelage=, _n.m._, coat, fur (color of).

=pélagianisme=, _n.m._, pelagianism, Pelagius’ tenets.

=pélagien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, pelagian.

=pélagique=, _adj._, pelagic (of the sea).

=pélamide=, _n.f._, (ich.) pelamis.

=pelard= (pe-lar), _adj._, barked (of wood).

=pélasgique=, _adj._, pelasgian.

=pelé=, _n.m._, bald-pated man; ragamuffin. _n’y avait que quatre —s et un tondu_; there was nothing but the rag, tag, and bobtail. _adj._, bald; bare, naked; threadbare, napless.

=pêle=, _n.m._ _V._ =pêne=.

=pêle-mêle=, _adv._, pell-mell, confusedly, helter-skelter.

=pêle-mêle=, _n.m._, pell-mell, disorder, jumble, confusion.

=peler=, _v.a._, to strip of hair, to make bald; to pare, to skin, to peel, to scald (pigs). _— un cochon de lait_; to scald a sucking pig. _— un arbre_; to peel a tree. _— des amandes_; to peel almonds.

_se_ =peler=, _v.r._, to come off (of the hair); to peel off.

=peler=, _v.n._, to peel off (of the skin).

=pèlerin= (pèl-rin), _n.m._, =-e= (-ri-n), _n.f._, pilgrim, traveler; hypocrite, dissembler.

=pèlerin=, _n.m._, (orni.) peregrine falcon.

=pèlerinage= (pèl-ri-), _n.m._, pilgrimage. _Aller en —_; to go on a pilgrimage.

=pèlerine= (pèl-ri-n), _n.f._, tippet, cape.

=pélican=, _n.m._, pelican; (tech.) holdfast.

=pelin=, _n.m._, lime-pit (for hides).

=pelisse=, _n.f._, pelisse.

=pellage=, _n.m._, shoveling.

=pellagre=, _n.f._, (med.) pellagra.

=pelle=, _n.f._, shovel, scoop, spade; (of an oar) blade; (of lock-gates) paddle. _La — se moque du fourgon_; the pot calls the kettle black. _Oter avec la —_; to shovel out. _Remuer à la —_; to shovel. _Remuer l’argent à la —_; (fig.) to have heaps, loads of money.

=pellée=, =pellerée=, =pelletée= (pèl-rée, pèl-tée), _n.f._, shovelful.

=pelleron= (pèl-ron), _n.m._, baker’s peel.

=pelleterie= (pèl-trî), _n.f._, furriery; peltry.

=pelleti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, furrier.

=pelleversage=, _n.m._, spade-tilling.

=pellicule= (pèl-li-kul), _n.f._, pellicle.

=pellucide= (pel-lu-), _adj._, (phys.) pellucid.

=pellucidité=, _n.f._, pellucidness, clearness.

=pelotage=, _n.m._, winding skeins into balls; pack of vigonia wool; loose play (at billiards, etc.).

=pelote= (plot), _n.f._, pin-cushion; clew, ball of thread; pellet; blaze (on a horse’s forehead). _— de neige_; snow-ball. _Faire sa —_; to feather one’s nest.

=peloter= (plo-té), _v.a._, to make up into a ball; to throw balls; to bang, to cuff, to beat; to hoard, to save.

_se_ =peloter=, _v.r._, to roll round; to roll one’s self up; to bang each other about; to dispute.

=peloter=, _v.n._, (at tennis) to knock the ball about.

=peloton= (plo-ton), _n.m._, ball, knot, group, cluster; lump (of fat); (milit.) half-company; tennis-ball; group, knot (of people). _Ils entraient par —s_; they entered by groups. _Se mettre en —_; to roll one’s self up like a ball. _Feu de —_; volley-firing, platoon-firing.

=pelotonner= (plo-to-né), _v.a._, to wind into balls, to put up into balls.

_se_ =pelotonner=, _v.r._, to gather into knots, into groups; to gather into a round mass; to roll one’s self up.

=pelouse= (plooz), _n.f._, lawn, greensward; grass-plot.

=pelu=, =-e=, _adj._, hairy. [Only used in =patte-pelu=, which see.]

=peluche= (plush), _n.f._, shag, plush, cotton and woolen drugget.

=peluché=, =-e=, _adj._, shaggy.

=pelucher= (plu-shé), _v.n._, to become shaggy, to wear rough.

=pelure= (plur), _n.f._, paring, peel, rind.

=pelvien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) pelvic.

=pemphigus=, _n.m._, (med.) pemphigus.

*=penaille=, _n.f._, rags; (b.s.) monks.

*=penaillerie=, _n.f._, rags; set of ragamuffins; (b.s.) monks.

*=penaillon=, _n.m._, rag; monk.

=pénal=, =-e=, _adj._, penal.

=pénalité=, _n.f._, penal system; penalty; penal enactment.

=penard=, _n.m._, old fox (pers.), old libertine.

=pénates=, _n.m.pl._, (antiq.) penates, household gods; fireside, home.

=penaud=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, abashed, sheepish person; abashed, sheepish, chopfallen, crestfallen.

=penchant=, _n.m._, slope, declivity; inclination, acclivity, decline, propensity, beat, tendency, taste. _Le — d’une montagne_; the slope of a mountain. _Suivre son —_ or _se laisser aller à son —_; to follow one’s bent.

=penchant=, =-e=, _adj._, shelving, sloping, declining, leaning.

=penchement= (pansh-mān), _n.m._, inclination, leaning, bending, stoop, stooping.

=pencher=, _v.a._, to incline, to lean, to bend, to stoop. _— la tête_; to bend the head. _— un vase_; to incline a vase.

_se_ =pencher=, _v.r._, to bend, to bend over, to stoop, to tilt, to slope, to be inclined. _Se — sur le bord d’un précipice_; to bend over the brink of a precipice.

=pencher=, _v.n._, to lean; to slope, to incline, to be disposed. _Il penche vers le nord_; it leans to the north. _— vers la clémence_; to lean to mercy. _— vers_ or _— du côté de_; to incline towards, to lean the side of.

=pendable=, _adj._, deserving hanging, abominable. _Cas —_; hanging matter. _Un tour —_; an abominable trick.

=pendaison=, _n.f._, hanging (on the gallows).

=pendant=, _prep._, during.

=pendant que=, _conj._, whilst, while.

=pendant=, _n.m._, thing pendent, thing hanging; counterpart, pendant, fellow; frog (of a sword-belt). _— d’oreille_; ear-ring. _Il faut un — à ce tableau_; this picture needs a fellow. _C’est son —_; he is his counterpart.

=pendant=, =-e=, _adj._, pendent, hanging, pending, depending; standing (of crops). _Oreilles —es_; hanging ears. _Marcher les bras —s_; to walk with one’s arms dangling. _Le procès est —_; the cause is pending.

=pendard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, rascal, rogue, scoundrel; jade.

=pendeloque= (pan-dlok), _n.f._, ear-drop; pendant, drop.

=pendentif=, _n.m._, (arch.) pendentive.

=penderie= (pen-dri), _n.f._, ☉hanging (putting to death); (tech.) drying-house.

=pendeur=, _n.m._, hangman, executioner; (nav.) pennant (rope), span.

*=pendiller=, _v.n._, to hang loose, to dangle, to swing.

=pendre=, _v.a._, to hang, to hang up, to suspend. _— de la viande au croc_; to hang up meat on a hook. _— des voleurs_; to hang robbers. _Il ne vaut pas la corde pour le —_; he is not worth hanging. _Il dit pis que — de vous_; he says all kinds of things of you.

_se_ =pendre=, _v.r._, to hang one’s self.

=pendre=, _v.n._, to hang, to hang up, to hang down, to be suspended, to dangle, to droop, to sag. _Les joues lui pendent_; his cheeks are flabby. _Autant lui en pend à l’oreille_; he may expect a like treatment, _or_ to be served in the same way. _Il a dit pis que — de vous_; he said everything that was bad of you _or_ he abused you right and left.

=pendu=, _n.m._, one that has been hanged. _Il est sec comme un —_; he is as thin as a lath. _Avoir de la corde de — dans sa poche_; to have the devil’s own luck.

=pendu=, =-e=, _part._, hanged, hung. _Aussitôt pris_, _aussitôt —_; no sooner said than done. _Il est toujours — à ses côtés_; he is always dangling after her. _Avoir la langue bien —e_; to have a well-oiled tongue.

=pendule=, _n.f._, (horl.) time-piece, chimney clock, ornamental clock. _— détraquée_; clock out of order. _Remonter une —_; to wind up a clock. _— de voyage_; carriage-clock.

=pendule=, _n.m._, pendulum.

=penduliste=, _n.m._, clock-case maker.

=pêne=, _n.m._, bolt (of a lock); lock-bolt.

=pénétrabilité=, _n.f._, penetrability.

=pénétrable=, _adj._, penetrable.

=pénétrant=, =-e=, _adj._, penetrating, piercing, keen, insinuating, acute, searching, impressive. _Il fait un froid —_; it is piercingly cold.

=pénétrati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (l.u.) penetrating.

=pénétration=, _n.f._, penetration, acuteness, shrewdness; sagacity. _Avoir une grande — d’esprit_; to have great acuteness of mind.

=pénétré=, =-e=, _part._, penetrated. _— de douleur_; grieved to the heart, cut to the quick.

=pénétrer=, _v.a._, to penetrate, to go through, to enter, to pierce; to pervade; to fathom; to impress; to imbue; to see through; to affect, to move. _— quelqu’un_; to see through any one. _Son état m’a pénétré_; his situation deeply moved me.

_se_ =pénétrer=, _v.r._, to penetrate each other; to impress one’s self, to convince one’s self; to impress one’s mind.

=pénétrer=, _v.n._, to penetrate; to pervade; to pierce, to get in. _Il pénétra bien avant dans le pays_; he went a great way into the country _or_ he explored the interior.

=pénible=, _adj._, painful, laborious; troublesome, difficult, hard.

=péniblement=, _adv._, painfully, laboriously.

=péniche=, _n.f._, (nav.) pinnace.

=pénicillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) pencil-shaped.

=pénil=, _n.m._, (anat.) mons veneris.

=péninsulaire=, _adj._, peninsular.

=péninsule=, _n.f._, peninsula.

=pénitence=, _n.f._, penitence, repentance, penance, punishment, disgrace. _Faire — de ses péchés_; to do penance for one’s sins. _Faire —_; to fare poorly. _Mettre un enfant en —_; to punish a child. _Il est en —_; he is in disgrace.

=pénitencerie= (-tān-srî), _n.f._, penitentiary’s court; penitentiary (office).

=pénitencier=, _n.m._, reformatory; penitentiary.

=pénitent=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, penitent, repentant. _Pécheur —_; contrite sinner.

=pénitentiaire= (-ci-èr), _adj._, penitentiary, penal. _Maison —_; penitentiary.

=pénitenti-aux= (-ci-ô), =-elles= (-ci-èl), _adj.pl._, penitential. _Psaumes —_; penitential psalms.

=pénitentiel= (-ci-èl), _n.m._, penitential.

=pennage=, _n.m._, plumage (hawking).

=penne= (pè-n), _n.f._, beam-feather (of a hawk); feather; (orni.) feather of the tail _or_ wing; (nav.) peak of a mizzen _or_ lateen sail.

=penné=, _adj._, (bot.) pennate, pennated.

=penniforme=, _adj._, penniform.

=pennon= (pè-n-non), _n.m._, pennon.

=pénombre=, _n.f._, penumbra; (fig.) darkness, obscurity, twilight, semi-darkness; subdued light.

=penon=, _n.m._, (nav.) dog-vane.

=pensant=, =-e=, _adj._, thinking. _Bien —_; right-thinking, well-disposed, right-minded. _Mal —_; evil-thinking, evil-disposed.

=pensée=, _n.f._, thought, opinion, sentiment, idea, conception; mind, belief, opinion; design; notion; meaning; sketch, first draught; (bot.) pansy, heart’s-ease. _— ultérieure_; after-thought. _S’accoutumer à la — de la mort_; to accustom one’s self to the idea of death. _Parler contre sa —_; to speak against one’s conviction, opinion. _Entrer dans la — de quelqu’un_; to gather any one’s meaning, to follow any one’s reasoning _or_ train of thought. _Lire dans la — de quelqu’un_; to read any one’s thoughts. _Cela m’est venu dans la —_; that came into my mind. _S’entretenir avec ses —s_; to hold converse with one’s self.

=penser=, _v.n._, to think, to believe, to imagine; to reflect, to meditate, to deem, to be of opinion; to hope; to be on the point, to be near, to have like; to take heed, to take care. _L’homme pense_; man is a thinking being. _— à quelque chose_; to think of anything. _Il est venu sans qu’on y pensât_; he came unexpectedly. _C’est un homme qui pense bien_; he is a man who thinks well. _Il l’a fait sans y —_; he did it unwittingly. _À quoi pensez-vous, de faire cela?_ what do you mean by doing that? _— à mal_; to have some ill design, to mean harm. _Il pensait à me surprendre_; he thought to surprise me. _Il a pensé mourir_; he nearly lost his life. _J’ai pensé tomber_; I was near falling. _À ce que je pense_; to my mind, in my mind, in my opinion. _Façon de —_; way of thinking. _— à soi_; to look to one’s self, to take care of one’s self. _Faire —_; to remind. _Cela donne bien à —_; that is very suggestive, _or_ food for reflection. _Pensez donc!_ just think of it! just imagine!

=penser=, _v.a._, to think, to think of. _Il ne dit jamais ce qu’il pense_; he never says what he thinks. _— du bien de_; to think well of. _— à quelque chose pour faire réussir une affaire_; to think of something to bring a matter to a successful issue. _Que pensez-vous de cela?_ what think you of that? _Pensez à moi_; think of me. _Que pensez-vous de lui?_ what is your opinion of him?

=penser=, _n.m._, inward reasoning, thought.

=penseur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, thinker; thinking, reflecting, thoughtful.

=pensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, pensive, thoughtful.

=pension=, _n.f._, pension, annuity, allowance, payment; board; board and lodging; boarding-house; boarding-school; livery (of horses); (milit.) mess. _Prendre quelqu’un en —_; to receive any one as a boarder. _Se mettre en —_; to go to a boarding-house. _— bourgeoise_; family boarding-house. _Mettre ses chevaux en —_; to put one’s horses out at livery. _Mettre son fils en —_; to place one’s son at a boarding-school. _— de demoiselles_; young ladies’ boarding-school, seminary for young ladies. _— de jeunes gens_; boarding-school for young gentlemen, seminary for young gentlemen. _— de retraite_; retiring pension. _Obtenir une —_; to obtain a pension. _— viagère_; life-annuity. _Demi-—_; board.

=pensionnaire=, _n.m.f._, boarder; pensioner; pensionary (in Holland). _Demi-—_; day-boarder. _Prendre des —s_; to take in boarders.

=pensionnat=, _n.m._, boarding-school.

=pensionner=, _v.a._, to pension, to grant a pension to.

=pensum= (pin-som), _n.m._, (_—s_) imposition, extra task (at school). _Donner pour —_; to give as an extra task.

=pent=, =penta=, prefix from Gr. πέντε.

=pentacorde=, _n.m._, (mus.) pentachord.

=pentagone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (geom., fort.) pentagon; pentagonal.

=pentamètre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, pentameter.

=pentandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) pentandria.

=pentaphylle=, _adj._, (bot.) pentaphyllous.

=pentateuque=, _n.m._, (Bible) Pentateuch.

=pente=, _n.f._, declivity, inclination, slope, descent; acclivity, ascent; incline, gradient; pitch (of roofs); valance (of a bed); (nav.) sides (of an awning); propensity, bent, turn. _Le terrain va en —_; the ground shelves down. _Aller en —_; to slope, to shelve, to incline. _Avoir de la — au plaisir_; to have a natural propensity for pleasure.

=pentecôte= (pant-kôt), _n.f._, Whitsuntide, Pentecost. _Dimanche de la —_; Whitsunday.

=pentière= (-tièr), _n.f._ _V._ =pantière=.

=penture=, _n.f._, iron-work, iron-brace; (tech.) hinge. _— de sabords_; (nav.) googings of the port-lids. _—s en fer à cheval_; scuttle-hinges.

=pénultième= (-ti-em), _adj._, last but one; (gram.) penultimate.

=pénultième=, _n.f._, (gram.) penult, penultima.

=pénurie=, _n.f._, penury, want, scarcity, dearth.

=péone=, _n.f._ _V._ =pivoine= (bot.).

=péotte=, _n.f._, peotta, large gondola.

=péperin=, _n.m._, peperine (volcanic stone).

=pépie=, _n.f._, pip, roup (disease of birds); (fig.) thirst. _Elle n’a point la —_; she is not tongue-tied. _Il a la —_; he is for ever drinking; he is always dry.

=pépier=, _v.n._, to chirp, to pip.

=pépin=, _n.m._, (bot.) kernel, pip, stone. _— de raisin_; grapestone.

=pépinière=, _n.f._, (hort.) nursery.

=pépiniériste=, _n.m._, nursery-man.

=pépite=, _n.f._, (min.) nugget.

=péplon= _or_ =péplum=, _n.m._, (antiq.) peplus (lady’s cloak).

=pepsine=, _n.f._, (chem. pharm.) pepsine.

=péquin=, _n.m._, civilian, snob.

=percale=, _n.f._, cambric; muslin.

=percaline=, _n.f._, glazed calico; (bookbind.) cloth.

=perçant=, =-e=, _adj._, piercing, sharp, keen, shrill, acute. _Froid —_; piercing cold. _Vent —_; sharp, keen wind. _Des yeux —s_; sharp, piercing eyes. _Des cris —s_; piercing cries. _Voix —e_; shrill voice.

=perce=, _n.f._, piercer, borer, drill.

_en_ =perce=, _adv._, broached, tapped. _Mettre en —_; to prick, to pierce. _Mettre du vin en —_; to broach a cask of wine.

=percé=, =-e=, _part._, pierced, bored, in holes; out at elbows. _Habit —_; coat in holes. _Avoir le cœur —_; to be struck to the heart. _Maison bien —e_; well-lighted house. _Paysage bien —_; broad, well-opened out landscape. _Chaise —e_; close-stool. _Il est bas —_; he is low in cash. _Fruits —s de vers_; worm-eaten fruits. _C’est un panier —_; money burns his pocket, he is a spendthrift.

=perce-bois=, _n.m._, (_—_) (ent.) borer, wood-borer; death-watch.

=percée=, _n.f._, _or_ =percé=, _n.m._, opening, cutting (in a wood), vista, glade. _Faire une — dans_; to hew a passage through.

=perce-feuille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (bot.) thorough-wax, hare’s ear.

=perce-forêt=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fam., l.u.) keen sportsman.

=perce-lettre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) bodkin (for piercing paper).

=percement=, _n.m._, piercing, opening; cutting, boring; perforation.

=perce-mousse=, _n.f._, _or_ =perce-neige=, _n.f._, (_—_) (bot.) snow-drop.

*=perce-oreille=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (ent.) earwig.

=perce-pierre=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_). _V._ =passe-pierre=.

=percepteur=, _n.m._, collector (of taxes); gatherer. _— des impôts_; tax-gatherer, collector.

=perceptibilité=, _n.f._, perceptibility, liability to collection (as taxes).

=perceptible=, _adj._, collectible; perceptible, perceivable.

=perceptiblement=, _adv._, perceptibly.

=perception=, _n.f._, the faculty of perceiving, perception; gathering, collecting; receipt; collectorship; collector’s office.

=percer=, _v.a._, to bore, to drill, to pierce, to tap, to broach, to open; to penetrate, to see through; to thrill; to lance; (engineering) to tunnel; to wet through (of rain). _— avec un foret_; to drill, to pierce. _— d’outre en outre_; to run through and through. _— un ais_; to bore a plank. _— un tonneau_; to tap a cask. _— un escadron_; to cut a passage through a squadron. _— avec le bec_; to peck through. _— d’un coup d’épée_; to run through the body. _— l’avenir_; to dive into the future. _Les os lui percent la peau_; his bones are coming through his skin. _— un abcès_; to lance, to open an abscess. _— une forêt_; to open up, _or_ to make a road through, a forest. _— une porte dans un mur_; to open a door in a wall.

_se_ =percer=, _v.r._, to bore, to be bored; to pierce one’s self, to be pierced.

=percer=, _v.n._, to pierce, to pierce through, to break, to break through, to come out, to come through, to open; to appear, to peep out, to peep forth, to transpire; to show one’s self, to discover one’s self, to manifest one’s self; to rise, to make one’s way, to get on; to make one’s way through a crowd. _Les dents vont bientôt — à cet enfant_; that child’s teeth will soon come through, that child will soon cut his teeth. _Cette tumeur percera d’elle-même_; that tumor will break, burst, of itself. _— par son mérite_; to rise, _or_ to make one’s way, by one’s merit. _Si compacte que soit la foule, perçons toujours_; however dense the crowd may be, let us break through all the same.

=perces=, _n.f.pl._, holes of wind instruments.

=perce-roche=, _n.f._, (zoöl.) terebella.

=perceur=, _n.m._, borer.

=percevoir=, _v.a._, to receive, to gather, to levy, to collect (taxes); (philos.) to perceive.

=perche=, _n.f._, perch, pole; perch (measure); (hunt.) horns; (ich.) perch. _— commune_; barse. _Petite —_; cole-perch. _Grande —_; (pers.) walking rushlight, lanky person.

=perché=, _n.m._, perched, perched up, roosting. _Au —_; when perched, when roosting.

=percher=, _v.n._, to perch.

_se_ =percher=, _v.r._, to perch one’s self, to perch, to roost.

=percheronne=, _n.m.f._, horse _or_ mare (native of la Perche).

=perchette=, _n.f._, pole, prop, stay.

=percheur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, perching, roosting; percher (ornith.) titlark.

=perchlorure=, _n.m._, (chem.) bichloride, perchloride.

=perchoir=, _n.m._, roost.

=perclus=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) crippled, impotent. _Avoir le cerveau —_; to be wanting in sense, in judgment.

=perçoir=, _n.m._, piercer (to tap casks).

=perçu=, =-e=, _part._, collected.

=percussion=, _n.f._, percussion, reverberation.

=percutant=, =-e=, _adj._, (artil.) percussion. _Fusée —_; percussion-fuse.

=percuter=, _v.a._, to percuss.

=perdable=, _adj._, losable.

=perdant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, loser; losing.

=perdition=, _n.f._, waste, wreck, ruin; perdition, destruction. _S’en aller en —_; to go to ruin, to go to wrack and ruin. _Flotte de —_; accursed fleet. _En —_; (of ships) sinking, in great distress.

=perdre=, _v.a._, to lose, to be deprived of, to be out of pocket; to waste, to ruin, to be the ruin of, to undo, to corrupt, to debauch; to spoil; (nav.) to carry away; (nav.) to cast away; (tech.) to discharge (water). _— la santé_; to lose one’s health. _— la raison_; to lose one’s reason, mind. _— haleine_; to lose one’s breath. _— la tête_, _la carte_; to lose one’s wits, one’s head. _— une gageure_; to lose a wager. _— quelqu’un de réputation_; to defame any one. _— l’occasion_; to lose the opportunity. _— une chose de vue_; to lose sight of a thing. _Ses débauches le perdront_; his debauchery will be the ruin of him. _L’inondation a perdu les blés_; the floods have spoilt the crops. _Y — son latin_; not to be able to make it out.

_se_ =perdre=, _v.r._, to be lost, to lose one’s self, to lose one’s way, to stray; to be cast away; to have a rambling way of arguing; to be nonplused; to disappear, to fall into disuse; to ruin one’s self; to go to ruin, to go to wrack and ruin; to spoil, to be spoilt; to get bewildered; to be at a loss; (nav.) to be carried away; (nav.) to be cast away; to hole one’s own ball (at billiards). _Je m’y perds_; I am getting bewildered; I cannot make head or tail of it. _Se — d’honneur_; to disgrace one’s self.

=perdre=, _v.n._, to lose, to be a loser, to be out of pocket; (nav.) to ebb. _La marée perd_; the tide is ebbing.

=perdreau=, _n.m._, (orni.) young partridge.

=perdrigon=, _n.m._, Perdrigon-plum.

=perdrix=, _n.f._, (orni.) partridge. _— grise_; common partridge. _— rouge_; red-legged partridge. _Couple de —_; brace of partridges. _Œil de —_; soft corn.

=perdu=, =-e=, _part._, lost, ruined, wasted; bewildered; undermined; spoilt; stray, forlorn, obsolete, out of use. _— de dettes_; over head and ears in debt. _— de réputation_; ruined in reputation. _Courir_, _crier_, _comme un —_; to run, to cry, like mad, like a madman. _Un de — deux de retrouvés_; there’s as good fish in the sea as ever was caught _or_ when one door shuts another opens. _C’est du bien —_; it is casting pearls before swine. _Tirer à coups —s_; to shoot at random. _Pays —_; out-of-the-way, deserted country. _À corps —_; headlong, desperately. _Heures —es_; spare time, leisure hours. _Un bienfait n’est jamais —_; a good action never remains unrewarded. _Enfants —s_ or _sentinelle —e_; (milit.) forlorn hope. _Salle des pas —s_; outer hall, waiting hall (courts of law).

=père=, _n.m._, father, parent; sire; man, fellow. _— de famille_; father of a family. _Nos —s_; our forefathers. _—s du désert_; old anchorites. _Le saint-—_, _le très saint-—_, _notre saint-—_, _notre très saint-—_, _le — des fidèles_, _le — des Chrétiens_; (c.rel.) the pope. _— spirituel_; father confessor. _Beau-—_, (_—x-—s_) father-in-law; step-father. _— nourricier_; foster-father. _— la joie_; frank, gay, hearty fellow. _— aux écus_; man with a great deal of money. _De — en fils_; from father to son, from sire to son. _— noble_; (thea.) heavy father, old man. _Dormir_, or _s’endormir_, _avec ses —s_; to sleep with one’s fathers. _Petit —_; dada, papa. _De —_; fatherly, paternal.

=pérégrination=, _n.f._, peregrination.

=pérégrinité=, _n.f._, (jur.) alienage, alienism, alienship.

=péremption=, _n.f._, (jur.) limitation, nonsuit.

=péremptoire=, _adj._, peremptory.

=péremptoirement= (-tôar-mān), _adv._, peremptorily.

☉=pérennial=, =-e= (-rè-n-nial), _adj._, perennial.

=pérennité=, _n.f._, perpetuity.

=péréquation=, _n.f._, assessment, equal distribution.

=perfectibilité=, _n.f._, perfectibility.

=perfectible=, _adj._, perfectible.

=perfection=, _n.f._, perfection, completeness. _Le plus haut degré de —_; the acme of perfection. _La — en personne_; perfection personified, the pink of perfection. _En —_; to perfection.

=perfectionnement= (-sio-n-mān), _n.m._, improvement, perfecting, finishing. _Leçons de —_; finishing lessons.

=perfectionner=, _v.a._, to perfect, to bring to perfection; to improve; to improve upon. _— ce que les autres ont inventé_; to improve on the inventions of others.

_se_ =perfectionner=, _v.r._, to perfect one’s self; to improve one’s self; to improve.

=perfide=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, perfidious, treacherous, false, false-hearted person; perfidious, treacherous, false. _Le — m’a trahi_; the perfidious man betrayed me.

=perfidement= (-fid-mān), _adv._, perfidiously, falsely, treacherously, basely.

=perfidie=, _n.f._, perfidy, perfidiousness; treachery; false-heartedness, treacherousness; treacherous action, treacherous thing. _Faire une —_; to commit an act of perfidy.

=perfolié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) perfoliate, perfoliated.

=perforage=, _n.m._, boring; perforation.

=perforant=, =-e=, _adj._, perforating; perforative.

=perforateur=, _n.m._, (tech.) perforator.

=perforati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (surg.) perforative.

=perforation=, _n.f._, perforation.

=perforer=, _v.a._, to perforate, to bore.

=péri=, _n.m._, peri (Persian fairy).

=périanthe=, _n.m._, (bot.) perianth, perianthium.

=périapte=, _n.m._, periapt.

=péribole=, _n.m._, (arch.) peribolus.

=péricarde=, _n.m._, (anat.) pericardium.

=péricardite=, _n.f._, (med.) pericarditis.

=péricarpe=, _n.m._, (bot.) seed-vessel, pericarp.

=périchondre=, _n.m._, (anat.) perichondrium.

=péricliter=, _v.n._, to be in danger, in jeopardy; to threaten to fall (of building).

=péricrâne=, _n.m._, (anat.) pericranium.

=péridot=, _n.m._, chrysolite, peridot, olivine.

=péridrome=, _n.m._, (arch.) peridrome.

=périgée=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (astron.) perigee, perigeum; in its perigee.

=périgourdin=, =-e=, _adj._, of Perigord. _n._, native of Perigord.

=périgueux= (-gheû), _n.m._, (min.) Perigord stone.

=périhélie=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (astron.) perihelion, perihelium; in its perihelion.

*=péril=, _n.m._, peril, danger, jeopardy, hazard, risk. _Au — de ma vie_; at the hazard of my life. _Être en — de ta vie_; to be in danger of one’s life. _Prendre une affaire à ses risques et —s_; to run the risk of anything; to take all the risks. _Mettre en —_; to endanger, to put in jeopardy.

*=périlleusement=, _adv._, perilously, dangerously, hazardously.

*=périlleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, perilous, dangerous, hazardous.

=périmer=, _v.n._, (jur.) to be barred by limitation, to pass out of date; to lapse, to drop.

=périmètre=, _n.m._, (geom.) perimeter.

=périnéal=, =-e=, _adj._, perinæal.

=périnée=, _n.m._, (anat.) perinæum.

=période=, _n.f._, stage, period (revolution); (med.) period; (astron.) period; (chron.) period; (gram.) period, sentence; (mus.) phrase. _— lunaire_; lunar period. _— bien arrondie_; well-rounded period. _— embarrassée_; involved period.

=période=, _n.m._, pitch, summit, degree, acme, period. _Long — de temps_; long period of time.

=périodicité=, _n.f._, periodicity.

=périodique=, _adj._, periodic, periodical; (arith.) recurring, circulating. _Fraction —_; (arith.) circulating, recurring decimal, repetend. _Fraction — composée_; (arith.) mixed circulating decimal. _Style —_; full style.

=périodiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, periodically.

=périoste=, _n.m._, (anat.) periosteum.

=périostose=, _n.f._, (med.) periostitis.

=péripatéticien=, =-ne= (-ci-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Peripatetic.

=péripatétisme=, _n.m._, Peripateticism.

=péripétie= (-pé-ci), _n.f._, sudden turn of fortune; revolution, vicissitude; (thea.) catastrophe, event, incident.

=périphérie=, _n.f._, (geom.) periphery.

=périphrase=, _n.f._, periphrasis, periphrase, circumlocution.

=périphraser=, _v.n._, to periphrase, to talk in a roundabout way, to express by circumlocution.

=périple=, _n.m._, (ancient geog.) periplus.

=péripneumonie=, _n.f._, (med.) peripneumonia, peripneumony.

=périptère=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arch.) periptery; peripteral.

=périr=, _v.n._, to perish, to decay, to die, to be lost, to be destroyed, to sink, to fall off; (jur.) to be barred by limitation. _— de froid_; to perish with cold. _— corps et biens_; (of ships) to be lost with all hands. _Tôt ou tard les méchants périssent malheureusement_; sooner or later the wicked come to an untimely end. _Faire — une armée_; to destroy an army. _L’instance est périe_; (jur.) the suit is barred by limitation. _Faire —_; to put to death; to do away with.

=périsciens= (-si-in), _n.m.pl._, (geog.) Periscians, Periscii.

=périssable=, _adj._, perishable.

=périssoire=, _n.f._, canoe.

=péristaltique=, _adj._, (med.) peristaltic.

=péristole=, _n.f._, (physiolog.) the peristaltic motion (of the intestines).

=péristyle=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arch.) peristyle; ornamented with a peristyle.

=périsystole=, _n.f._, (physiolog.) perisystole.

=péritoine=, _n.m._, (anat.) peritoneum.

=péritonite=, _n.f._, (med.) peritonitis.

=perkale=, =perkaline=. _V._ =percale=, =percaline=.

=perlasse=, _n.f._, pearlash.

=perle=, _n.f._, pearl; bead, beading (of bracelets, necklaces); best; (print.) pearl; (arch.) bead; (pharm.) pearl. _Nacre de —_; mother of pearl. _— baroque_; irregular pearl. _— tube_; bugle. _Jeter des —s devant les pourceaux_; to cast pearls before swine. _—s fines_; native, real pearls. _Semence de —s_; the smallest pearls. _Herbe aux —s_; gromwell, gromil. _C’est la — des hommes_; he is the best of men. _Nous ne sommes pas ici pour enfiler des —s_; we are not here to pick straws, _or_ to trifle our time away. _Faire la —_; to froth, to froth up (of brandy).

=perlé=, =-e=, _adj._, pearled, set with pearls; pearly; beady; boiled twice (of sugar); (her.) pearled; (mus.) brilliant and delicate. _Bouillon —_; pearly broth. _Orge —_; pearl-barley.

=perler=, _v.n._, to pearl, to bead, to form globules. _v.a._, to pearl; to give a finish to; to polish.

_se_ =perler=, _v.r._, to be, _or_ to become, pearled.

=perli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of pearl. _Huître —ère_; pearl-oyster.

=perlière=, _n.f._, (bot.) cudweed.

=perlimpinpin=, _n.m._, used only in: _poudre de —_; quack powder; nostrum (pop.).

=perlon=, _n.m._, (ich.) swallow-fish, sapphirine-gurnet, tub-fish.

=perlure=, _n.f._, (hunt.) curling (of horns).

=permanence=, _n.f._, permanence, permanency. _Armée en —_; standing army. _L’assemblée s’est déclarée en —_; the assembly declared its sittings permanent. _En —_; permanently.

=permanent=, =-e=, _adj._, permanent, lasting; (mec.) constant.

=perméabilité=, _n.f._, permeability, perviousness.

=perméable=, _adj._, permeable, pervious.

=permettre=, _v.a._, to permit, to allow, to suffer, to give leave, to let, to enable, to afford. _Permettez-moi de vous dire_; allow me to tell you, let me tell you. _Permettez!_ allow me! excuse me!

_se_ =permettre=, _v.r._, to permit, to allow, to suffer one’s self (to); to indulge; to indulge one’s self; to take the liberty (of); to take upon one’s self (to), to assume, to dare.

=permis=, =-e=, _part._, lawful, permitted, allowed; justifiable. _S’il m’est — de le dire_; if I may say so. _À vous — de_ or _— à vous de_; you may if you like. _S’il m’est — de_; if I may, if I may be allowed. _Est-il — d’entrer?_ may I come in?

=permis=, _n.m._, permit, license, pass; leave. _— de chasse_; shooting-license. _— de circulation_; (rail.) pass. _— de séjour_; permission to reside.

=permission=, _n.f._, permission, consent, allowance, leave, permit. _Avec votre —_; by your leave. _Abuser de la —_; to go beyond bounds. _Prendre la — sous son bonnet_; to take French leave.

=permixtion= (-miks-ti-on), _n.f._, permixtion.

=permutabilité=, _n.f._, commutability, permutability.

=permutable=, _adj._, (gram.) commutable.

=permutant=, _n.m._, permuter.

=permutation=, _n.f._, permutation, commutation, exchange, change. _— de consonnes_; transposition of consonants.

=permuter=, _v.a._, to exchange, to permute, to commute, to transpose.

_se_ =permuter=, _v.r._, (gram.) to be permuted, _or_ exchanged, _or_ transposed.

=pernicieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, perniciously, mischievously, hurtfully, injuriously, prejudicially.

=pernicieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pernicious, mischievous, hurtful, injurious, prejudicial. _— à la santé_; pernicious to health.

=péroné=, _n.m._, (anat.) fibula (small bone of the leg).

=péronnelle=, _n.f._, hussy, saucy baggage, gossip; silly, talkative woman.

=péroraison=, _n.f._, peroration.

=pérorer=, _v.n._, to harangue; to hold forth; to speechify.

=péroreur=, _n.m._, haranguer, speechifier.

=pérot=, _n.m._, sapling (of the age of two cuttings).

=pérou=, _n.m._, Peru. _Ce n’est pas le —_; it is no great thing, no great haul.

=péroxyde=, _n.m._, (chem.) peroxide.

=perpendiculaire=, _n.f._ and _adj._, perpendicular. _Abaisser une —_; to let fall a perpendicular. _Elever une —_; to raise a perpendicular.

=perpendiculairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, perpendicularly.

=perpendicularité=, _n.f._, perpendicularity.

=perpendicule=, _n.m._, (l.u.) plumb-line, perpendicle.

=perpétration=, _n.f._, (jur.) perpetration.

=perpétrer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to perpetrate, to commit.

=perpétuation=, _n.f._, perpetuation.

=perpétuel=, =-le=, _adj._, perpetual, permanent, never-ceasing, endless, for life.

=perpétuellement= (-èl-mān), _adj._, perpetually, everlastingly.

=perpétuer=, _v.a._, to perpetuate.

_se_ =perpétuer=, _v.r._, to be perpetuated, to last, to endure, to continue.

=perpétuité=, _n.f._, perpetuity. _À —_; forever; for life. _Condamner aux travaux forcés à —_; to sentence to penal servitude for life.

=perplexe=, _adj._, perplexed, embarrassed, irresolute; perplexing.

=perplexité=, _n.f._, perplexity, embarrassment.

=perquisition=, _n.f._, perquisition, search; investigation. _Mandat de —_; search-warrant. _Lancer un mandat de —_; to issue a search-warrant.

=perré=, _n.m._, (arch.) water-wing; (of the sea) pebbly shore, shingly beach.

=perrin-dandin=, _n.m._, an ignorant, greedy judge.

=perron=, _n.m._, flight of steps (before a house); outside landing; (arch.) perron.

=perroquet=, _n.m._, (orni.) parrot; parrot (pers.); (nav.) top-gallant sail, gallant. _Parler comme un —_; to talk like a parrot.

=perruche=, _n.f._, she-parrot; perroquet; (nav.) mizzen top-gallant sail.

=perruque=, _n.f._, wig, periwig, peruke, pig-tail; mop, shock. _— à nœuds_; bobwig, bobtail-wig. _Tête à —_; barber’s block; prejudiced old man.

=perruquier=, _n.m._, wig-maker, peruke-maker; hair-dresser; barber.

=perruquière=, _n.f._, barber’s wife.

☉=pers=, =-e=, _adj._, blue; bluish.

=persan=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Persian.

=persan=, _n.m._, Persian language.

=persane=, _n.f._, Persian woman.

=perse=, _n.f._, (geog.) Persia; Persian woman; chintz.

=perse=, _n.m._, (ancient hist.) Persian.

=persécutant=, =-e=, _adj._, troublesome, teasing.

=persécuter=, _v.a._, to persecute, to trouble, to importune, to tease; to bore, to dun.

=persécut-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, persecutor, troublesome man _or_ woman; persecuting, importunate, troublesome.

=persécution=, _n.f._, persecution, annoyance, importunity.

=persée=, _n.m._, (astron.) Perseus.

=persévéramment= (-ra-mān), _adv._, perseveringly.

=persévérance=, _n.f._, perseverance, steadiness, industry.

=persévérant=, =-e=, _adj._, persevering, steady, industrious.

=persévérer=, _v.n._, to persevere, to be steadfast, to persist in one’s opinion. _— dans un dessein_; to persevere in a design.

=persicaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) water-pepper.

=persicot=, _n.m._, persicot (cordial).

=persienne=, _n.f._, shutter-blind, Venetian shutter. _— fixe_; louver window.

=persiflage=, _n.m._, quizzing, bantering, banter, chaffing, chaff.

=persifler=, _v.a._, to quiz, to rally, to banter, to chaff.

=persifleur=, _n.m._, banterer, quiz. _adj._, quizzing, bantering, chaffing.

=persil=, _n.m._, (bot.) parsley. _— d’âne_; beaked parsley. _— des marais_; sium angustifolium _or_ marsh-parsley.

*=persillade=, _n.f._, (cook.) beef dressed with vinegar and parsley.

*=persillé=, =-e=, _adj._, spotted; blue-moldy (of cheese).

=persique=, _adj._, (arch.) Persian, Persic.

=persistance=, _n.f._, persistence, persistency.

=persistant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) persistent, persisting.

=persister=, _v.n._, to persist (in), to keep to. _Il persiste à nier_; he persists in denying. _Il persiste dans son sentiment_; he maintains his opinion.

=personnage=, _n.m._, personage, person, great person, somebody; (theat.) character, part. _C’est un sot —_; he is a silly, ignorant fellow. _Il joue bien son —_; he plays his part well. _Je connais le —_; I know the fellow. _Voilà un plaisant —!_ what an absurd fellow! _Tapisserie à —s_; figured tapestry.

=personnalité=, _n.f._, personal feeling; self-love, selfishness, egotism; personality; personal remark.

=personnat=, _n.m._, sort of benefice.

=personne=, _n.f._, person, man, woman, child, female; own self; exterior, appearance; (gram., theol.) person. _Jeune —_; young lady, young girl. _Parlant à sa —_; (jur.) speaking to him in person. _Les —s de condition_; people of fashion. _Sans acception de —s_; without respect of persons. _Il est bien fait de sa —_; he has a handsome person _or_ exterior. _J’y étais en —_; I was there in person. _Avoir soin de sa —_; to take care of one’s self. _Il aime sa —_; he loves his dear self. _Payer de sa —_; to expose one’s self to danger; to be in the thick of the fight _or_ fray; (fig.) to exert one’s self. _À la première_, _seconde_, _troisième —_; (gram.) in the first, second, third, person. _C’est la bonté en —_; he (_or_ she) is kindness itself.

=personne=, _pron._ _m._, nobody, no man, none, no one; any body, any one. _Il n’y a — à la maison_; there is nobody at home. _Je doute que — y réussisse_; I doubt whether any one will _or_ would succeed in it.

=personnée=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (bot.) personate, masked flower; personate, masked.

=personnel=, =-le=, _adj._, personal; selfish.

=personnel=, _n.m._, ☉personal character; staff, (all the persons composing any establishment); staff of servants, officials, hands; (milit., nav.) personnel.

=personnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, personally.

=personnification=, _n.f._, personification, personation.

=personnifier=, _v.a._, to personify; to impersonate.

=perspecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, perspective.

=perspective=, _n.f._, perspective, view; prospect, distance, vista, opening. _— aérienne_; aërial perspective. _Cela borne la —_; that bounds the prospect. _— riante_; delightful prospect. _Il a la — d’une grande fortune_; he has a large fortune in prospect. _En —_; in the distance; in prospect, in expectation.

=perspicace=, _adj._, perspicacious.

=perspicacité=, _n.f._, perspicacity.

=perspicuité=, _n.f._, perspicuity.

=persuader=, _v.a._, to persuade, to make to believe, to convince, to satisfy; to imagine. _J’en suis persuadé_; I am convinced of it.

_se_ =persuader=, _v.r._, to persuade, to convince one’s self; to be persuaded, to imagine.

=persuader=, _v.n._, to persuade, to convince.

=persuasible=, _adj._, persuasible, persuadable.

=persuasi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, persuasive; persuading, convincing, clinching.

=persuasion=, _n.f._, persuasion, conviction, belief, opinion. _L’éloquence a pour but la —_; the object of eloquence is to persuade. _Agir à la — d’un autre_; to act by (the) persuasion of another.

=persuasivement=, _adv._, persuasively.

=perte=, _n.f._, loss, losings; ruin, waste, wastefulness; fall, doom. _À —_; at a loss; (med.) flooding. _Faire une —_; to meet with a loss. _Être en —_; to be a loser. _Courir à sa —_; to go to one’s ruin, to one’s doom. _— de temps_; waste of time. _La — du Rhône_; (geog.) place where the Rhone disappears beneath the rocks. _Vendre à —_; to sell at a loss. _En pure —_; to no purpose, uselessly, in vain. _À — de vue_; as far as the eye can reach. _Je suis en —_; I am a loser by it.

=pertinacité=, _n.f._, pertinacity.

=pertinemment= (-na-mān), _adv._, pertinently.

=pertinence=, _n.f._, pertinency.

=pertinent=, =-e=, _adj._, pertinent.

=pertuis=, _n.m._, (geog.) straits; sluice, narrow opening in a flood-gate.

=pertuisane=, _n.f._, partisan, halberd.

=pertuisanier=, _n.m._, halberdier; warder.

=perturbat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, disturber; disturbing.

=perturbation=, _n.f._, perturbation, disturbance, commotion.

=pervenche=, _n.f._, (bot.) periwinkle.

=pervers=, =-e=, _adj._, perverse, froward, untoward, wicked.

=pervers=, _n.m._, perverse, froward person; wrong-doer.

=perversion=, _n.f._, perversion.

=perversité=, _n.f._, perversity, perverseness, frowardness, untowardness.

=pervertir=, _v.a._, to pervert, to be pervertive of, to be a perverter of. _Se —_; to be perverted.

=pervertissable=, _adj._, pervertible.

=pervertissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, perversion, corruption.

=pervertisseur=, _n.m._, perverter, corrupter.

=pesade=, _n.f._, (man.) pesade.

=pesage=, _n.m._, weighing; weighing-room, saddling-room.

=pesamment= (pĕ-za-mān), _adv._, heavily, ponderously, weightily, lumpishly; slowly.

=pesant=, =-e=, _adj._, heavy, ponderous, weighty; unwieldy, lumpish; cumbersome; sluggish, slow; full weight. _Fardeau —_; heavy burden. _Cheval — à la main_; hard-mouthed horse. _Il a la main —e_; he has a heavy hand. _Il a l’esprit —_; he is dull-minded. _Joug —_; heavy yoke. _Un louis d’or —_; a louis d’or of the full weight.

=pesant=, _n.m._, weight. _Il vaut son — d’or_; he is worth his weight in gold.

=pesant=, _adv._, weight, in weight.

=pesanteur=, _n.f._, weight, heaviness, weightiness; sluggishness, dullness, slowness, unwieldiness; ponderosity, ponderousness; (phys.) force of gravity, gravity. _— de tête_; heaviness in the head. _— d’esprit_; dullness of mind.

=pesée=, _n.f._, weighing; all that is weighed at once. _Faire une —_; to weigh.

=pèse-acide=, _n.m._, acetometer.

=pèse-lait=, _n.m._, lactometer.

=pèse-lettres=, _n.m._, letter-weigher, letter-scales.

=pèse-liqueur=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) hydrometer.

=peser=, _v.a._, to weigh; to ponder, to consider, to estimate. _— les raisons de quelqu’un_; to weigh any one’s arguments. _— ses paroles_; to weigh one’s words.

=peser=, _v.n._, to weigh, to be of weight, to be heavy; to hang upon; to bear upon; to lean, to lie heavy; to be a burden; to dwell upon. _Viande qui pèse sur l’estomac_; meat that lies heavy upon the stomach. _Cela me pèse sur le cœur_; that lies heavy upon my heart. _— sur un levier_; to bear upon a lever.

=pesette=, _n.f._, assay-scales.

=peseur=, _n.m._, weigher.

=peson=, _n.m._, steelyard.

=pessaire=, _n.m._, (med.) pessary.

=pesse=, _n.f._, (bot.) mare’s tail.

=pessimisme=, _n.m._, pessimism.

=pessimiste=, _n.m._, pessimist.

=peste=, _n.f._, plague, pestilence, pest, torment; bore, nuisance; stench. _La flatterie est la — des cours_; flattery is the plague of courts. _— soit du fou!_ plague on the fool! _— soit de!_ out upon!

=peste=, _adj._, sly, arch.

=peste!= _int._, plague on it! the deuce! by Jove! hang it! bless me! indeed!

=pester=, _v.n._, to inveigh against, to bluster, to storm, to rave. _Il peste contre ses juges_; he rails, (swears) at his judges. _— entre chair et cuir_; to fret and fume in secret.

=pestifère=, _adj._, (l.u.) pestiferous, pestilential.

=pestiféré=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, person infected with the plague; plague-stricken.

=pestilence=, _n.f._, pestilence.

=pestilent=, =-e=, _adj._, pestilential.

=pestilentiel=, =-le= (-ci-èl), _adj._, pestilential, infectious, contagious.

=pet=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) fart, wind. _Un — de nonne_; apple-fritter.

=pétale=, _n.m._, (bot.) petal, flower-leaf.

=pétalé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) petalous, petaled.

=pétalisme=, _n.m._, (antiq.) petalism.

=pétalite=, _n.f._, petalite.

=pétaloide=, _adj._, petaloid.

=pétarade=, _n.f._, (of animals) farting; trumpeting with the mouth; cracking; noise of crackers.

=pétard=, _n.m._, (milit.) petard; (fireworks) cracker.

=pétarder=, _v.a._, to blow up with a petard.

=pétardier=, _n.m._, one who makes petards.

=pétase=, _n.m._, (antiq.) petasus; broad-brimmed hat.

=pétaud=, _n.m._ _C’est la cour du roi —_; it is Bedlam broken loose; Dover court.

=pétaudière=, _n.f._, bear-garden, tumultuous assembly.

=pétéchial=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) petechial. _Fièvre —e_; petechial fever.

=pétéchies=, _n.f.pl._, (med.) petechiæ.

=pet-en-l’air=, _n.m._, (_—_) man’s short morning gown.

=péter=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to burst; to break, to snap; to crackle, to crack; to bounce; to fart, to break wind; (of fire-arms) to explode, to burst.