Chapter II: Preface: To Revised Edition (2)

Words in parentheses serve to complete the sense of those words that precede or follow them; or they refer to the object with which they are connected, or indicate the art, trade, profession, etc., to which they relate. They are given in English and in French.

Those words of which the pronunciation is quite irregular are noticed in full; but those that are only partly irregular are noticed in their irregularities only. Therefore, such words as _chiromancie_, _archétype_, _équateur_, which are irregular in one syllable only, are noticed in that syllable alone; as _ki-_, _-ké-_, _-koua-_.

As none but French spelling can give a correct idea of French pronunciation, it is used throughout this dictionary, with the exception of _ch_, which is rendered by _sh_, so that it may not be mistaken for _k_; of _ou_, which is expressed by _oo_; and of _oi_, which is represented by _oa_.

☉ Indicates obsolete French words. When found in the middle of lines, it indicates that the French word is obsolete in the meaning before which it is placed.

(ant.) Indicates obsolete English words.

When two or more French nouns of the same gender follow, their gender is indicated after the last noun only.

The pronunciation of English words is indicated, in the English-French Division, in the same manner as that of French words in the French-English Division, and represented in _all_ cases by means of the French spelling, with the exception of:

1st, _th_ hard, which is expressed by (th);
2nd, _th_ soft, ” ” (_th_);
3rd, _g_, when hard before _e_, _i_, or _y_, by (gh).

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK.

a., active, _actif_.
ab., abbreviation, _abréviation_.
Acad., Academy, _Académie_.
adj., adjective, _adjectif_.
adject., adjectively, _adjectivement_.
adv., adverb, _adverbe_.
agri., agriculture, _agriculture_.
alch., alchemy, _alchimie_.
alg., algebra, _algèbre_.
anat., anatomy, _anatomie_.
antiq., antiquity, _antiquité_.
arch., architecture, _architecture_.
arith., arithmetic, _arithmétique_.
art., article, _article_.
artil., artillery, _artillerie_.
astrol., astrology, _astrologie_.
astron., astronomy, _astronomie_.
auxil., auxiliary, _auxiliaire_.
bookbind., bookbinding, _reliure_.
bot., botany, _botanique_.
b.s., bad sense, _mauvaise part_.
carp., carpentry, _charpenterie_.
chem., chemistry, _chimie_.
coin., coining, _monnayage_.
com., commerce, _commerce_.
conch., conchology, _conchologie_.
conj., conjunction, _conjonction_.
cook., cookery, _cuisine_.
c.rel., catholic religion, _religion catholique_.
dy., dyeing, _teinture_.
ecc., ecclesiastical, _ecclésiastique_.
engr., engraving, _gravure_.
ent., entomology, _entomologie_.
exc., exclamation, _exclamation_.
f., feminine, _féminin_.
fam., familiar, _familier_.
fenc., fencing, _escrime_.
fig., figuratively, _au figuré_.
fin., finance, _finances_.
fort., fortification, _fortification_.
foss., fossils, _fossiles_.
gard., gardening, _jardinage_.
geog., geography, _géographie_.
geol., geology, _géologie_.
geom., geometry, _géométrie_.
gold., goldsmith’s work, _orfèvrerie_.
gram., grammar, _grammaire_.
her., heraldry, _blason_.
hist., history, _histoire_.
horl., horology, _horlogerie_.
hort., horticulture, _horticulture_.
hunt., hunting, _chasse_.
hydr., hydraulics, _hydraulique_.
ich., ichthyology, _ichtyologie_.
imp., impersonal, _impersonne_.
indecl., indeclinable, _invariable_.
int., interjection, _interjection_.
iron., ironically, _ironiquement_.
jest., jestingly, _par plaisanterie_.
jur., jurisprudence, _jurisprudence_.
l.ex., low expression, _terme bas_.
lit., literature, _littérature_.
log., logic, _logique_.
l.u., little used, _peu usité_.
m., masculine, _masculin_.
mam., mammalogy, _mammalogie_.
man., manege, _manège_.
manu., manufacture, _manufactures_.
mas., masonry, _maçonnerie_.
math., mathematics, _mathématiques_.
mec., mechanics, _mécanique_.
med., medicine, _médecine_.
metal., metallurgy, _métallurgie_.
milit., military art, _art militaire_.
min., mineralogy, _minéralogie_.
mol., mollusk, _mollusque_.
mus., music, _musique_.
myth., mythology, _mythologie_.
n., noun-substantive, _nom substantif_.
nav., navy, _marine_.
opt., optics, _optique_.
orni., ornithology, _ornithologie_.
paint., painting, _peinture_.
part., participle, _participe_.
pers., person, _personne_.
persp., perspective, _perspective_.
pharm., pharmacy, _pharmacie_.
philos., philosophy, _philosophie_.
phys., natural philosophy (physics), _physique_.
pl., plural, _pluriel_.
poet., poetry, _poésie_.
pol., politics, _politique_.
pop., popular, _populaire_.
prep., preposition, _préposition_.
print., printing, _imprimerie_.
pron., pronoun, _pronom_.
prov., proverbially, _proverbialement_.
r., reflected, _réfléchi_.
rel., religion, _religion_.
rhet., rhetoric, _rhétorique_.
sculpt., sculpture, _sculpture_.
sing., singular, _singulier_.
st.e., elevated style, _style soutenu_.
subst., substantively, _substantivement_.
surg., surgery, _chirurgie_.
tech., technology, _technologie_.
thea., theater, _théâtre_.
theol., theology, _théologie_.
triv., trivial, _trivial_.
v., verb, _verbe_.
v.a., verb active, _verbe actif_.
vet., veterinary art, _art vétérinaire_.
v.imp., verb impersonal, _verbe impersonnel_.
v.n., verb neuter, _verbe neutre_.
v.r., verb reflected, _verbe réfléchi_.
V., vide, _voir_.
zoöl., zoölogy, _zoologie_.

A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.

A

=a=, _n.m._, the first letter of the alphabet, a. _Panse d’a_; oval of an a. _Il ne sait ni ~a~ ni ~b~_; he does not know _a_ from _b_. _Il n’a pas fait une panse d’a_; he has not done a letter, a stroke. _Un homme marqué à l’a_; the beau-ideal of a man, a man thoroughly reliable. _C’est un homme marqué à l’a_; he is the soul of honor.

=a= (ab.), _Altesse_; Highness.

=aa= (ab.), _Altesses_; Highnesses.

=a=, at the beginning of French words, often comes from the privative α of the Greeks, and denotes privation; as, _atonie_, debility; _acéphale_, acephalous.

=à=, _prep._, denotes the end or term of the action of the verb, and indicates the person or thing this action tends to. _Aller à Paris_; to go to Paris. _Parler à quelqu’un_; to speak to some one.

=à= denotes extraction, separation. _Oter une bague à quelqu’un_; to take a ring from any one. _Se soustraire aux poursuites de la justice_; to abscond.

=à= denotes property, possession. _Cette montre est à mon frère_; this watch is my brother’s. _Il a un style_, _une manière_, _à lui_; he has a style, a manner, all his own. _Cette ferme appartient à mon père_; that farm belongs to my father.

=à= denotes period, time. _Au lever du soleil_; at sunrise. _À l’aube du jour_; at daybreak. _Arriver à temps_; to arrive in time. _À mon retour_; on my return.

=à= indicates what stops on the surface, or penetrates beyond it. _Il a une bague au doigt_; he has a ring on his finger. _Blessé à l’épaule_; wounded in the shoulder.

=à= establishes the relative distance between things and persons. _À portée de canon_; within cannon-shot. _Il demeure à vingt lieues d’ici_; he lives twenty leagues off. _De vous à moi_; between you and me, from you to me. _De Paris à Rouen_; from Paris to Rouen.

=à= points out whatever furnishes an inference or ground for conjecture. _À l’œuvre on connait l’ouvrier_; the workman is known by his work. _Attendre à l’œuvre_; to await results.

=à= denotes succession, gradation, order. _Petit à petit_; little by little. _Un à un_; one by one. _Traduire mot à mot_; to translate word for word, _i.e._, literally.

=à= is used in speaking of goods sold or bought by weight, measure, or quantity. _Vendre du vin à la bouteille_; to sell wine by the bottle. _Vendre de la viande à la livre_; to sell meat by the pound.

=à= denotes value, price. _Dîner à trois francs par tête_; to dine at three francs a head.

=à= denotes conformity, manner. _S’habiller à la Française_; to dress after the French fashion. _A l’instar de la capitale_; after the manner of the capital. _À mon avis_; in my opinion. _Aller à pied_, _à cheval_; to go on foot, to ride on horseback. _Marcher à reculons_; to walk backwards.

=à=, between two nouns, makes the second serve to denote the species or quality of the first. _Canne à sucre_; sugar-cane. _Vache à lait_; milch-cow.

=à=, between two numeral adjectives, signifies _between_, or _about_. _Un homme de quarante à cinquante ans_; a man between forty and fifty. _Il y a quatre à cinq lieues_; it is about four or five leagues distant.

Remark.—The French say _quatre à cinq lieues_, because leagues are things which may be divided into fractions; but, in speaking of things which cannot be divided, _ou_ must be used. For instance, _Quatre ou cinq personnes_; four or five persons.

=à=, before an infinitive, commonly denotes what is proper to be done. _Un avis à suivre_; an opinion worth following. _Un homme à récompenser ou à pendre_; a man that deserves to be rewarded or hanged.

=à=, used in speaking of vehicles, signifies _and_. _Une voiture à quatre chevaux_, _grandes guides_; a carriage and four.

=à= is used in description instead of the English _with_. _Un homme à barbe blanche_; a man with a white beard. _Une maison à pignon_; a house with a gable, gabled.

=a=, has.

=abaca=, _n.m._, abaca, Manila hemp.

=abacus= (-kuss), _n.m._, abacus.

=abaisse=, _n.f._, the under-crust of pastry, piece of rolled paste.

=abaissé=, =-e=, _part._, lowered, brought low; dejected; diminished, flattened. _Le pal est —_ (her.); the pale is abased.

=abaissement= (-bèss-man), _n.m._, lowering, falling, abatement, depression; humiliation, abasement; (surg.) couching. _L’— des eaux_; the abatement of the waters. _Opération de la cataracte par —_; couching.

=abaisser=, _v.a._, to let down, to let fall, to lower; to bring low down; to diminish, to reduce; to pull down; (gard.) to lop out; to debase, to cry down; to humble; to roll (paste); (surg.) to couch. _— un pont-levis_; to let down a drawbridge. _— la voix_; to lower the voice. _Dieu abaisse les superbes_; God humbles the proud. _Abaisser une cataracte_; (surg.) to couch a cataract.

_s’_=abaisser=, _v.r._, to fall, to decrease, to subside, to abate, to decline; to humble one’s self, to stoop, to sink, to cringe. _S’— à le prier_; to stoop so low as to entreat him.

=abaisseur=, _n.m._, (anat.) depressor.

=abaisseur=, _adj._, (anat.) depriment. _Muscle —_; depriment muscle.

=abait=, _n.m._, bait. _V._ =appât=.

=abaiter=, _v.a._, to bait. _V._ =appâter=.

=abajoue=, _n.f._, (mam.) cheek-pouch; gill, gills.

=abalourdir=, _v.a._, (fam.) to make dull and stupid.

=abandon=, _n.m._, forsaking, relinquishment, surrender; leaving things at random; abandonment, the being forsaken, forlornness, destitution, ease, unconstraint. _Avoir un — séduisant_; to have seductive manners. _Se livrer avec — à_; to indulge in.

_à l’_=abandon=, _adv._, at random, in confusion, at sixes and sevens. _Laisser ses enfants à l’—_; to neglect one’s children. _Un champ qui est à l’—_; a field left to run wild.

=abandonnataire=, _n.m.f._, (jur.) relessee.

=abandonné=, =-e=, _part._, abandoned, forsaken, given over. _Un malade abandonné_; a patient given up.

=abandonné=, =-e=, _adj._, abandoned, lost to decency, shameless, graceless, profligate.

=abandonné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, profligate, rake; lewd, wicked, abandoned person.

=abandonnement= (-do-n-mān), _n.m._, abandonment, abandoning, forsaking; desertion, the being forsaken; the giving up one’s effects; leaving, quitting; dissoluteness, debauchery.

=abandonner=, _v.a._, to abandon, to quit, to leave, to desert, to forsake; to give up, to give over; to leave one at the disposal of; to deliver up; to let loose, let go. _Il abandonna le pays_; he left the country. _— une cause_; to give up a cause. _— ses prétensions_; to give up one’s claims. _Mes forces m’abandonnent_; my strength is failing me. _— une corde_; to let go a rope. _— la partie_; to give up the struggle.

_s’_=abandonner=, _v.r._, to give one’s self up, to addict one’s self, to give way to; to indulge in; to commit one’s self to; to prostitute one’s self; to be easy in one’s manners, to throw off all restraint. _S’— à la colère_, _au plaisir_, _au hasard_; to give way to anger, to indulge in pleasure, to trust to fortune.

☉=abannation= (-ba-na-), _n.f._, (jur.) abannition.

☉=abaptiste= (-ba-tist), _adj._, (surg.) abaptiston.

=abaque=, _n.m._, (arch. antiq.) abacus, plinth, the uppermost part of the capital of a column.

=abarticulation=, _n.f._, (anat.) abarticulation, diarthrosis.

=abas=, _n.m._, shower (bath), blight (in wheat). _V._ =teigne=.

=abasourdir=, _v.a._, (fam.) to stun, to dumfound, to astound; to stupefy.

=abâtardir=, _v.a._, to render degenerate; to debase, to corrupt, to spoil, to mar, to adulterate. _La servitude abâtardit le courage_; slavery debases courage. _Un homme abâtardi_; a degenerate man.

_s’_=abâtardir=, _v.r._, to degenerate, to grow worse.

=abâtardissement= (-mān), _n.m._, degeneracy.

=abat-chauvée=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) flock-wool.

=abat-faim= (-fin), _n.m._, (_—_) large joint, substantial dish.

=abat-foin=, _n.m._, (_—_) opening above the rack to put the hay through; loft-trap.

=abat-jour=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arch.) sky-light, trunk-light; shade for a lamp; window-blind; (bot.) opening.

=abattage=, _n.m._, cutting down, felling, clearance (of a forest); (nav.) heaving down; careening; slaughtering (of animals).

☉=abattant=, _n.m._, shutter; flap (of a counter); lid.

=abattée=, _n.f._, (nav.) casting; falling off to leeward. _Faire son —_; to cast; to fall off.

=abattement= (-mān), _n.m._, faintness, low state, weakness, prostration; dejection, despondency, low spirits; (her.) abatement. _Tomber dans l’—_; to become low-spirited. _Jeter dans l’—_; to deject. _Qui jette dans l’—_; depressive.

=abatteur=, _n.m._, feller, knocker-off, slaughterer. _C’est un grand — de bois_; he is a great braggart.

=abattis=, _n.m._, houses, walls, trees, thrown down; the killing of game; giblets (of poultry); garbage; stones hewn down in a quarry; raw hides; slaughter, destruction. _Abattis en ragoût_; stewed giblets.

=abattoir=, _n.m._, slaughter-house.

=abattre=, _v.a._, to throw down, to hurl down; to pull down; to beat, to batter down; to bring down; to fell, to cut down, to hew down, to cut off; to knock down; to blow down; to lay (the dust); to let down; to soak (skins); to couch (the cataract); to waste (strength); to dispirit; to dishearten; to unman; to cast down, to depress; to humble. _Le vent abattra le blé_; the wind will throw the corn down. _— un rideau_; to let a curtain down. _— les cuirs_; to skin dead animals. _— le pantalon_; to remove the trousers. _— les peaux_; to soak the skins. _— un vaisseau pour le caréner_; to careen a ship. _Un vaisseau dur à —_; a ship hard to swing round. _— un mât_ (nav.); to carry away a mast. _La moindre chose l’abat_; the least thing unmans him. _Elle a l’air bien abattu_; she looks very dejected. _— l’orgueil de quelqu’un_; to humble any one’s pride.

=abattre=, _v.n._, to lay down one’s cards (at play); (nav.) to fall off to leeward, to cast. _Le vaisseau s’abat_; the ship is driving to leeward.

_s’_=abattre=, _v.r._, to fall, to tumble down; to stoop; to abate; to be cast down, dejected; to break down (of horses); to burst (of a storm); to despond; to pounce upon. _Le vent s’abat_; the wind is falling. _La chaleur s’abat_; the heat is abating. _Un orage terrible va s’abattre sur nous_; a dreadful storm is about to burst upon us.

=abattu=, =-e=, _adj._, pulled, broken, cast down; depressed, dejected; humbled, crest-fallen. _Je me sens tout —_; I am quite out of spirits. _Un visage —_; a woe-begone countenance.

=abattures=, _n.f.pl._, (hunt.) abature; foiling (of a stag).

=abat-vent=, _n.m._, penthouse (of a steeple); pentice, wind-screen, louvre window.

=abat-voix=, _n.m._, sounding-board (of a pulpit).

=abbatial= (-cial), =-e=, _adj._, abbatial, abbatical.

=abbaye= (abéi), _n.f._, monastery, abbey. _Administration d’une —_; abbacy.

=abbé=, _n.m._, abbé, abbot, priest. _Monsieur l’abbé_, your Reverence.

=abbesse=, _n.f._, abbess. _Dignité_, _fonctions_, _d’abbé_, _d’abbesse_; abbotship.

=abc=, _n.m._, a, b, c, alphabet, primer; a, b, c, book; elements, rudiments, spelling-book. _Apprendre son —_; to learn one’s letters. _Être à l’— de_; to be at the a, b, c, of. _Renvoyer quelqu’un à l’—_; to make a person begin all over again.

=abcéder=, _v.n._, to form into an abscess, to apostemate, to gather, to come to a head.

=abcès=, _n.m._, abscess, apostem, gathering. _Former_, _vider_, _un —_; to form, to take the matter out of, an abscess. _— aux gencives_; gumboil.

=abcisse=, _n.f._ _V._ =abscisse=.

=abdication=, _n.f._, abdication; (jur.) disinheritance of a son during his father’s life-time; renunciation of (property). _Faire —_; to abdicate.

=abdiquer=, _v.a._, to abdicate, to resign, to forswear.

=abdomen= (-mè-n), _n.m._, abdomen.

=abdominal=, =-e=, _adj._, abdominal.

=abducteur=, _adj._, (anat.) abducent.

=abducteur=, _n.m._, abductor.

=abduction=, _n.f._, (anat. and log.) abduction.

_s’_=abéausir=, _v.n._, (nav.) to become fine (of weather at sea).

=abécédaire=, _adj._, of the a, b, c. _Ouvrage —_; child’s first-book.

=abécédaire=, _n.m._, alphabet, primer, spelling-book.

=abecquer=, _v.a._, to feed a bird.

=abée=, _n.f._, mill-dam.

*=abeille=, _n.f._, bee. _— bourdon_; bumble-bee. _— domestique_; hive bee. _— mère_; queen bee. _— ouvrière_; working bee. _Ruche d’—s_; bee-hive. _Eleveur d’—_; bee-master. _Essaim d’—s_; swarm of bees.

=abeillé=, =-e=, _adj. & part._, covered, ornamented with bees.

=abéquer=. _V._ =abecquer=.

=aberration=, _n.f._, aberration; (sciences) alienation. _— de réfrangibilité_; Newtonian aberration. _Cercle d’—_; crown of aberration.

=abêtir=, _v.a._, to stupefy; to stultify. _V._ =hébéter=.

=abêter=, _v.n._, _s’_=abêtir=, _v.r._, to grow stupid.

=ab hoc et ab hac=, _adv._, at random; confusedly.

=abhorrer=, _v.a._, to abhor, detest, loathe.

_s’_=abhorrer=, _v.r._, to abominate, loathe one another.

=abîme=, _n.m._, unfathomable depth, abyss, hell; a thing most abstruse _or_ obscure; dipping-mold (for candles); (her.) the middle of the shield; fesse-point, heart point.

=abîmé=, =-e=, _part._, swallowed up, ingulfed, destroyed, spoiled. _— de dettes_; over head and ears in debt.

=abîmer=, _v.a._, to overthrow, to ingulf, to swallow up; to destroy entirely, to cut up, to crush; to spoil, to injure.

=abîmer=, _v.n._, to be destroyed, to be swallowed up, to sink; to perish, to be crushed.

_s’_=abîmer=, _v.r._, to fall into an abyss, to sink; to ruin, to undo one’s self; to be spoiled.

=ab intestat=, _adv._, abintestate. _Succession —_; intestate’s estate; intestacy.

=ab irato=, _adv._, in an angry fit. _Parler_, _agir_, _—_; to speak, to act, under the influence of anger.

=abject=, =-e= (-jékt), _adj._, abject, base, mean, low, vile, despicable.

=abjectement=, _adv._, abjectly.

=abjection=, _n.f._, abjection, baseness; humiliation; vileness, meanness.

=abjuration=, _n.f._, solemn renunciation, abjuration.

=abjuratoire=, _adj._, abjuratory. _— acte_; act of abjuration.

=abjurer=, _v.a._, to abjure, to deny, to forswear, to renounce. _— une opinion_; to abandon an opinion.

=ablactation=, _n.f._, (med.) ablactation, weaning.

=ablais=, _n.m._, (jurisp.) corn, either standing or cut down, but not carried or carted away.

=ablaquéation=, _n.f._, (gard.) ablaqueation.

=ablatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) ablative.

=ablation=, _n.f._, (surg.) ablation.

=ablativo=, (triv.) _adv._, in confusion; higgledy-piggledy.

=able=, _n.m._, _or_ =ablette=, _n.f._, (fish) ablet, bleak.

=ablégat=, _n.m._, ablegate.

☉=ablégation=, _n.m._, ablegation.

=ablepsie=, _n.f._, (med.) ablepsy.

=ablier=, _n.m._, (fish.) purse-net; hoop-net.

☉=abluant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) abluent, cleansing.

☉=abluer=, _v.a._, to revive old writing, to wash with gall-nut.

=ablution=, _n.f._, ablution, washing, purification. _Faire ses —s_; to perform one’s ablutions.

=abnégation=, _n.f._, abnegation, renunciation, sacrifice. _— de soi-même_; self-denial. _Faire — de_; to renounce, set aside.

=aboi=, _n.m._, barking, baying.

=aboiement= _or_ =aboîment= (-boa-mān), _n.m._, barking, baying.

=abois=, _n.m.pl._, despairing condition, last shift, distress. _Aux —_; at bay, hard up, at one’s wits’ end. _Mettre aux —_; to drive to extremities. _La place est aux —_; the place, citadel, can hold out no longer, is in desperate straits.

=abolir=, _v.a._, to abolish, to repeal, to annul. _— un impôt_; to take off a tax.

_s’_=abolir=, _v.r._, to fall into disuse, to become obsolete.

=abolissable=, _adj._, abolishable.

=abolissement= (-mān), _n.m._, abolishment.

=abolition=, _n.f._, abolition; royal pardon; repeal.

=abolitionniste=, _n.m._, abolitionist.

=abominable=, _adj._, abominable, execrable.

=abominablement=, _adv._, abominably.

=abomination=, _n.f._, abomination, detestation. _Avoir en —_; to abominate, to hold in detestation. _Être en —_; to be detested.

=abondamment= (-da-mān), _adv._, abundantly.

=abondance=, _n.f._, abundance, plenty, copiousness, plentifulness; multitude, affluence; richness, fullness (of language); weak wine-and-water (in schools). _Corne d’—_; horn of plenty, cornucopia. _— de biens_; opulence. _Vivre_, _être_, _dans l’—_; to live in plenty. _Parler avec —_; to speak fluently. _Ecrire_, _parler_, _d’—_; to write, to speak, extempore, offhand. _— de biens ne nuit pas_; store is no sore.

=abondant=, =-e=, _adj._, abounding, plentiful, copious; fruitful, exuberant, teeming, voluble, diffusive. _Une langue —e_; a copious language.

=abonder=, _v.n._, to abound in _or_ with, to be full of; to overflow. _Il abonde dans votre sens_; he supports your opinion; he has come round to; he concurs in. _— dans son sens_; to be wedded to one’s own opinion.

=abonné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, subscriber (to periodicals, theatres, &c.).

=abonnement= (-mān), _n.m._, subscription (to periodicals, theatres, &c.); agreement. _Les —s sont suspendus pour ce soir_ (of places of amusement); season-tickets not available this evening.

=abonner=, _v.a._, to subscribe for.

_s’_=abonner=, _v.r._, to subscribe; to compound for. _On s’abonne à_; subscriptions are received at.

☉=abonnir=, _v.a._, to better, to mend, to improve.

☉=abonnir=, _v.n._, _s’_=abonnir=, _v.r._, to mend, to grow better.

☉=abonnissement= (-nis-mān), _n.m._, (fam.), improvement, amelioration.

=abord=, _n.m._, landing; arrival; access; admittance, approach; attack, onset. _Avoir l’— facile_; to be easy of access. _De prime —_; at first sight.

=à bord=, _adv._, aboard, on board.

_d’_=abord=, _adv._, first, at first, at first sight. _Tout d’abord_, _au premier abord_, _dès l’abord_; at first, from the very first. _Dès l’abord, j’ai senti que je devais ..._ I felt, from the very first, that I ought ... _or_ was to ...

=abordable=, _adj._, accessible, accostable, of easy access; approachable.

=abordage=, _n.m._, (nav.) landing; boarding; fouling. _Aller_ or _sauter à l’—_; to board a ship, grapple.

=aborder=, _v.n._, to arrive at; to land.

=aborder=, _v.a._, to come near, to come to, to come up with; to board, to run foul of (a ship); to accost; to broach, handle (a subject). _— un vaisseau ennemi_; to board an enemy’s ship. _— par accident_; to run foul of. _Il m’a abordé dans la rue_; he accosted me in the street.

_s’_=aborder=, _v.r._, to run foul of each other; to come up with one another.

=abordeur=, _n.m._, boarding vessel.

=aborigène=, _adj._, first, original, aboriginal.

=aborigènes=, _n.m._, _pl._, aborigines.

=abornement=, _n.m._ _V._ =délimitation=.

=aborner=, _v.a._ _V._ =délimiter=.

=aborti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abortive.

=abot=, _n.m._, clog (for horses’ fore feet).

=abouchement= (-boosh-mān), _n.m._, interview, conference, parley; (anat.) anastomosis, inosculation.

=aboucher=, _v.a._, to bring together, to confer.

_s’_=aboucher=, _v.r._, to have an interview; to confer with; to place one’s self in communication with; (anat.) to inosculate.

=about=, _n.m._, (carp.) end, butt-end.

=abouté=, =-e=, _adj._, placed end to end.

=aboutement= (-boot-mān), _n.m._, (carp.) but, abutment.

=abouter=, _v.a._, to join end to end.

=aboutir=, _v.n._, to join; to border upon; to meet; (surg.) to burst; to come to; to tend to; to end in. _N’— à rien_; to come to nothing; to end in smoke. _Ce champ aboutit à un marais_; this field borders upon a fen. _Faire — un abcès_; to bring an abscess to a head. _S’aboutir_ (gard.); to bud, be covered with buds.

=aboutissant=, =-e=, _adj._, bordering upon.

=aboutissants= (rarely used without the word _tenants_), _n.m._, _pl._, boundaries of an estate; abuttals, particulars; connections. _Je n’aime pas les tenants et — de cet homme_; I do not like the set by which that man is surrounded. _Savoir les tenants et — d’une affaire_; to know all about a thing.

=aboutissement= (-mān), _n.m._, eking piece (tailoring); (surg.) the drawing to a head.

=ab ovo=, _adv._, from the very beginning.

=aboyant=, =-e=, _adj._, barking.

=aboyer=, _v.n._, to bark, to bay, to yelp; to dun. _Il aboie après tout le monde_; he snarls at everybody. _— après quelque chose_; to long for a thing, covet a thing. _— à la lune_; to bark when one cannot bite; to complain in vain.

=aboyeur=, _n.m._, barker; snarler; dun; touter; link-man (at the door of a theatre): (orni.) greenshank. _Ce journaliste n’est qu’un —_; this journalist is nothing but a snarling critic.

=abrac=, _n.m._, abraxas.

=abracadabra=, _n.m._, abracadabra (magical word).

=abraquer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to haul taut.

=abrasion=, _n.m._, (med.) abrasion, excoriation.

=abraxas=, _n.m._, abracadabra.

=abrégé=, =-e=, _adj._, short, summary.

=abrégé=, _n.m._, abridgment, compendium, epitome, abstract, summary. _En —_; in a few words, briefly. _Réduire en —_; to epitomize.

=abréger=, _v.a._, to abridge, to shorten, to epitomize; to abbreviate, to cut down, to cut short. _Pour —_; to be brief.

_s’_=abréger=, _v.r._, to become short, or shorter.

=abreuvage=, =abreuvement=, _n.m._, watering, soaking, steaming, priming.

=abreuver=, _v.a._, to water, to give drink to; to make drink; to soak, to drench; to fill; (paint.) to prepare, to prime; to soak (wood).

_s’_=abreuver= =de=, _v.r._, (of animals) to go to water; to drink plentifully; to be steeped in. _S’— de larmes_; to shed copious tears. _S’— de douleurs_; to be filled with grief; to drain to the dregs the cup of sorrow. _Un cœur abreuvé de fiel_; a heart steeped in gall.

=abreuvoir=, _n.m._, watering-place, horse-pond; (mas.) abreuvoir. _— à mouches_ (burlesque style); a large wound or gash on the head or face.

=abréviateur=, _n.m._, abbreviator, abridger.

=abréviati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abbreviatory, abridging, abbreviating.

=abréviation=, _n.f._, abbreviation, contraction.

=abri=, _n.m._, shelter, cover. _Être sous l’— d’un bois_; to be sheltered by a wood. _Sans —_; homeless. _Donner un — à_; to shelter. _À l’—_; sheltered, under cover. _Être à l’—_; to be under shelter. _Être à l’— du vent_; to be sheltered from the wind. _À l’— de la persécution_; safe from persecution. _Mettre à l’—_; to shelter, screen.

=abricot=, _n.m._, apricot.

=abricoté=, _n.m._, candied apricot.

=abricotier=, _n.m._, apricot-tree.

=abrier=, _v.a._, (nav.) to becalm; to belee.

=abriter=, _v.a._, to shelter, to shield, to screen, to shade, to protect; (nav.) to becalm, belee.

=abrité=, =-e=, _adj._, (gard.) sheltered.

_s’_=abriter=, _v.r._, to shelter one’s self; to take shelter; to assist. _Abritez-vous mutuellement_; mutually assist each other.

=abrivent=, _n.m._, (gard.) matting, screen; shelter; sentry-box; hut.

=abrogation=, _n.f._, abrogation, repeal; annulment.

=abroger=, _v.a._, to abrogate, to repeal, to annul.

_s’_=abroger=, _v.r._, to fall into disuse, to grow obsolete.

=abrome=, _n.m._, (bot.) abroma.

=abrouti=, =-e=, _adj._, nipped, browsed.

=abroutissement= (-mān), _n.m._, damage done to trees by cattle browsing.

=abrupt=, =-e=, _adj._, rugged, craggy; (bot.) abrupt.

=abruption=, _n.f._, abruption; (surg.) rupture, fracture.

_ex_ =abrupto=, _adv._, _adj._, suddenly, bluntly, off-hand, on the spur of the moment; abrupt, impetuous.

=abrutir=, _v.a._, to stupefy, to besot, to brutalize.

_s’_=abrutir=, _v.r._, to become stupid, to be besotted, to get brutalized.

=abrutissant=, =-e=, _adj._, brutalizing, stupefying.

=abrutissement= (-mān), _n.m._, brutishness, stupor, sottishness.

=abrutisseur=, _n.m._, brutalizer; _adj._, stupefying, brutalizing.

=abscisse=, _n.f._, (geom.) abscissa.

=absence=, _n.f._, absence, inadvertence, want of. _— d’esprit_; absence of mind. _Avoir des —s d’esprit_; to have fits of absence. _Remarquer l’— de_; to miss.

=absent=, =-e=, _adj._, absent, out of the way, missing, wanting; (of the mind) wandering.

=absent=, _n.m._, one absent, absentee. _Les —s ont toujours tort_; the absent are always in the wrong.

_s’_=absenter=, _v.r._, to absent one’s self; to keep out of the way.

=absentéisme=, _n.m._, absenteeism.

=abside=, _n.f._, (arch. and rel.) apse.

=absinthe=, _n.f._, absinthe, wormwood; bitters.

=absolu=, _n.m._, absolute, existing independent of any other cause.

=absolu=, =-e=, _adj._, absolute; arbitrary, despotical, unlimited; peremptory; magisterial; positive, unconditional; full, strict.

=absolument=, _adv._, absolutely, arbitrarily, peremptorily; positively, indispensably, fully. _Il refusa —_; he gave a flat denial.

=absolution=, _n.f._, absolution; acquittal; discharge. _Sans avoir reçu l’—_; unabsolved.

=absolutisme=, _n.m._, absolutism.

=absolutiste=, _n.m.f._, partisan of absolute power.

=absolutoire=, _adj._, absolutory.

=absorbable=, _adj._, absorbable.

=absorbant=, =-e=, _adj._, absorptive, absorbent.

=absorbent=, _n.m._, absorbent.

=absorbé=, =-e=, _part._, absorbed, engrossed, rapt in. _Il est — dans l’étude_; he is absorbed in study.

=absorbement=, _n.m._, absorption (of mind).

=absorber=, _v.a._, to absorb, to swallow up; to drink in, to consume, to waste; to engross, to occupy entirely; to take up.

_s’_=absorber=, _v.r._, to be absorbed, or swallowed up.

=absorption=, _n.f._, absorption.

=absoudre= (absolvant, absous), _v.a._, to absolve, to acquit, to bring in not guilty, to clear; to give absolution.

=absou-s=, =-te=, _part._, acquitted, absolved, discharged.

=absoute=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) general absolution.

=abstème=, _adj._, abstemious.

=abstème=, _n.m.f._, abstainer.

=abstenant=, =-e=, _n.m.f._, abstainer, total abstainer, teetotaler.

_s’_=abstenir=, _v.r._, to abstain, to refrain, to forbear, to forego. _S’— de vin_; to abstain from wine.

=abstention=, _n.f._, abstention, abstinency; withdrawal of a judge from a trial.

=abstergent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) cleansing; abstersive; abstergent.

=abstergent=, _n.m._, (med.) abstergent, detergent.

=absterger=, _v.a._, to absterge; to cleanse.

=abstersi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) abstersive, cleansing.

=abstersion=, _n.f._, (surg.) abstersion.

=abstinence=, _n.f._, abstinence, temperance, sobriety, fasting.

=abstinent=, =-e=, _adj._, abstemious, sober.

=abstracti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abstractive.

=abstraction=, _n.f._, absence of mind, abstraction. _Avoir des —s_; to have fits of absence. _Par —_; abstractedly. _— faite de_; setting aside; exclusive of.

=abstractivement= (-mān), _adv._, abstractly, separately.

=abstraire= (abstrayant, abstrait), _v.a._, to draw from, to separate, to abstract.

=abstrait=, =-e=, _adj._, abstract; abstruse; inattentive, absent-minded.

=abstraitement= (-trèt-mān), _adv._, abstractedly, separately.

=abstrus=, =-e=, _adj._, abstruse, intricate, difficult; dark, obscure, recondite.

=absurde=, _adj._, absurd, nonsensical, foolish, irrational, preposterous. _Réduire une opinion à l’—_; to show the absurdity of an opinion. _Tomber dans l’—_; to fall into the absurd.

=absurdement=, _adv._, absurdly, nonsensically.

=absurdité=, _n.f._, absurdity, nonsense, preposterousness, foolishness.

=abus=, _n.m._, abuse, misuse, breach (of a thing); grievance; error. _Réformer_, _corriger_, _les —_; to redress grievances, nuisances. _Appel comme d’—_ (leg.); appeal by writ of error.

=abuser=, _v.n._, to abuse, to impose on, to misuse, to use ill, to make a bad use of, to misemploy. _Vous abusez de ma patience_; you take advantage of my patience.

=abuser=, _v.a._, to cheat, to deceive, to delude, to gull.

_s’_=abuser=, _v.r._, to mistake, to be mistaken, to deceive one’s self.

=abuseur=, _n.m._, (l.u.), cheat, deceiver, impostor.

=abusi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abusive, improper, against rules, custom.

=abusivement= (-mān), _adv._, abusively, improperly.

=abuter=, _v.a._, to throw for first go, aim. _v.n._, (shipbuilding) to abut.

=abyme=, _n.m._ _V._ =abîme=.

=acabit=, _n.m._, quality (of fruits, vegetables); quality, stamp, kidney (of persons). _Cet homme est d’un bon —_; he is a good sort of fellow. _Ce sont des gens du même —_; they are all tarred with the same brush.

=acacia=, _n.m._, acacia; gum-tree.

=académicien= (-si-in), _n.m._, academician.

=académie=, _n.f._, academy, society of learned men; academy (division of the University of France); academy (Plato’s); university; ☉riding-school; pupils, school. _Tenir —_; to keep a gaming-house; (paint.) academy figure.

=académique=, _adj._, belonging to an academy, academical.

=académiquement= (-mik-mān), _adv._, academically.

☉=académiser=, _v.n._, to paint from a model.

=académiste=, _n.m._, academist, pupil.

*=acagnarder=, _v.a._, (fam.) to accustom to sloth; to make idle.

_s’_=acagnarder=, _v.r._, to grow slothful, to lead an idle life; to become besotted.

=acajou=, _n.m._, mahogany. _Noix d’—_; cashew nut. _Pomme d’—_; cashew apple.

=acanthe=, _n.f._, acanthus, bear’s foot.

=acare= _or_ =acarus=, _n.m._, acarus, itch, animalcule, mite.

=acariâtre=, _adj._, crabbed, cross-grained, waspish, shrewish.

=acariâtreté=, _n.f._, peevishness, crabbedness.

=acariens=, _n.m.pl._, (ent.) acaridae.

=acatalecte=, =acatalectique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, acatalectic.

=acatalepsie=, _n.f._, (med.) acatalepsy.

=acataleptique=, _adj._, acataleptic.

=acaule=, _adj._, (bot.) acaulous, acaulose.

=accablant=, =-e=, _adj._, grievous, oppressive, insufferable, overwhelming; annoying, crushing, sweltering.

=accablé=, =-e=, _adj._, dejected, depressed. _Être —_; to be extremely low-spirited.

=accablement=, _n.m._, heaviness, languor, grief, dejection of spirits, oppression, discouragement. _Être dans l’—_; to be in the greatest dejection.

=accabler=, _v.a._, to crush, to bear down, to overwhelm; to throw, to weigh, to press down; to overload; to overpower; to afflict; to deject, to depress, to overwhelm; to load with, to heap on.

=accalmie=, _n.f._, (nav.) lull.

=accaparement= (-mān), _n.m._, monopoly, engrossment, forestalling, buying up.

=accaparer=, _v.a._, to engross, to monopolize, to forestall; to swallow up, to buy up.

=accapareu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, monopolist, engrosser, forestaller, monopolizer.

*=accastillage=, _n.m._, the space occupied by the forecastle and quarter-deck; upper-work.

*=accastiller=, _v.a._, to provide a ship with a fore and a hind-castle.

*=accastillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (of a ship) having a fore and a hind-castle. _Haut —_; with high upper works.

=accéder=, _v.n._, to accede, to comply with, to agree to, consent.

=accélérat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, accelerative.

=accélération=, _n.f._, acceleration, haste, dispatch.

=accéléré=, =-e=, _adj._, accelerated, quickened. _Au pas —_; in double quick time. _Pas —_; quick march.

=accélérer=, _v.a._, to accelerate, to quicken; to despatch, to forward, to hasten.

☉=accenser= _or_ =acenser=, _v.a._, to lease, to let, to rent, to annex, to join, to unite.

=accent=, _n.m._, stress of the voice, accent, note; pronunciation, emphasis, expression. _— aigu_, _circonflexe_, _grave_; acute, circumflex, grave, accent. _— nasillard_; twang. _— très-fortement prononcé_; broad accent. _Sans —_; unaccented. _Prêtez l’oreille à mes —s_; hearken to my strain.

=accenteur=, _n.m._, (ornith.) accentor.

=accentuation=, _n.f._, accentuation.

=accentué=, =-e=, _adj._, accented, accentuated.

=accentuer=, _v.a._, to accent, to accentuate, to lay stress on.

=acceptable=, _adj._, acceptable, worth accepting.

=acceptant=, _n.m._, (jur.) accepter.

=acceptation=, _n.f._, acceptance.

=accepter=, _v.a._, to accept, to receive, to admit; to resign one’s self to. _Qui vaut la peine d’être accepté_; worth accepting.

=accepteur=, _n.m._, (com.) acceptor.

☉=acceptilation=, _n.f._, acceptilation.

=acception=, _n.f._, respect, regard; (of words) sense, meaning, acceptation. _— de personnes_; respect of persons.

=accès=, _n.m._, access, approach, admittance, attack, fit (of fever), paroxysm, madness. _Par —_; by fits and starts.

=accessibilité=, _n.f._, accessibility.

=accessible=, _adj._, accessible, approachable, easy to come at.

=accession=, _n.f._, access, entry; accession; adhesion.

=accessit= (-sit), _n.m._, the second best, the first after the prizeman (in academies, schools). _Proxime —_; honorable mention.

=accessoire=, _adj._, accessory, additional.

=accessoire=, _n.m._, accessory, minor; (paint.) accessory; (thea.) property. _Fournisseur d’—s_ or _chef d’—_; property-man.

=accessoirement=, _adv._, accessorily.

=accident=, _n.m._, accident, incident, casualty; (paint.) accident; (med.) symptom, complication; (mus.) incidental; irregularity, undulation (in ground). _Par —_; accidentally.

=accidenté=, =-e=, _adj._, rough, uneven, unequal, broken, hilly (of ground); picturesque.

=accidentel=, =-le=, _adj._, accidental, adventitious, incidental; fortuitous, eventual, casual.

=accidentellement= (-mān), _adv._, accidentally, casually, by chance.

=accipitres=, _n.m.pl._, accipiters.

=accipitrin=, =-e=, _adj._, accipitrine.

=accise=, _n.f._, inland duty, excise. _Préposé a l’—_; exciseman.

=acclamation=, _n.f._, acclamation, shout, cheering, huzza, applause. _Saluer par des —s_; to cheer.

=acclamer=, _v.a._, to acclaim, to applaud, to hail, to welcome.

=acclamper=, _v.a._, (nav.) to clamp.

=acclimatable=, _adj._, acclimatizable.

=acclimatation=, =acclimatement=, _n.f._, acclimatization.

=acclimater=, _v.a._, to acclimatize, to accustom to a climate.

_s’_=acclimater=, _v.r._, to become acclimatized.

=accointance=, _n.f._, (fam. and b.s.) acquaintance, commerce, intimacy, connection.

_s’_=accointer=, _v.r._, to become or get intimately acquainted with any one.

=accoisement=, _n.m._, appeasement.

=accoiser=, _v.a._, to appease, calm, quiet. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become appeased; to end.

=accolade=, _n.f._, embrace, hug; accolade; (cook. —, mus. — print.) brace; a crooked line. _— brisée_; (print.) half-brace. _Une — de lapereaux_; a brace of rabbits. _Donner l’— à_; to embrace, to dub a knight. _Recevoir l’—_; to be made a knight.

=accolader=, _v.a._, to bracket.

=accolage=, _n.m._, tying up; nailing up.

=accolé=, =-e=, _part._, (her.) joined together.

=accolement=, _n.m._, joining, uniting; union.

=accoler=, _v.a._, to hug, to embrace; to place side by side; to couple; (hort.) to prop, to tie up.

=accolure=, _n.f._, (agri.) a band of straw, osier.

=accommodable=, _adj._, that may be arranged; accommodable.

=accommodage=, _n.m._, the dressing of meat, cooking; hair-dressing.

=accommodant=, =-e=, _adj._, accommodating, complying, courteous.

=accommodé=, =-e=, _part._, favored, fitted up, adjusted; (cook.) dressed; well off, well to do.

=accommodement= (-mān), _n.m._, accommodation, agreement, arrangement, composition; settlement; reconciliation; way, medium. _Un homme d’—_; a man easy to deal with. _En venir à un —_; to come to terms.

=accommoder=, _v.a._, to adapt, to accommodate, to fit, to make up; to mend, to improve; to reconcile, to conciliate; to adjust; to be convenient; to dress, to trim; to cook; to treat, to serve out; to thrash; to let have, to sell. _Ceci vous accommodera-t-il?_ will this suit you?

_s’_=accommoder=, _v.r._, to agree, to come to terms; to accommodate one’s self; to suit; to make free with; to be pleased with, to put up with. _— à tout_; to put up with anything. _— de tout_; to be pleased with everything.

*=accompagnat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (mus.) accompanist.

*=accompagnement= (-mān), _n.m._, accompanying; attendance, retinue; accompaniment; accessory, appendix. _— de quatuor_; accompaniment for stringed instruments. _— d’harmonie_; accompaniment for wind instruments. _— à grand orchestre_; full accompaniment.

*=accompagner=, _v.a._, to accompany, to escort, to wait on, to attend; to be of the retinue, to follow; to match, to suit with; to add, to back; to be the accompanist. _J’ai eu l’honneur de l’— chez elle_; I had the honor of seeing her home.

_s’_=accompagner=, _v.r._, to be accompanied; to accompany one’s self (on an instrument).

=accompli=, =-e=, _adj._, accomplished, performed, fulfilled; complete; faultless, perfect. _Une beauté —_; a perfect beauty.

=accomplir=, _v.a._, to accomplish, to effect; to finish, to complete; to fulfill, to make good. _— sa promesse_; to carry out one’s promise.

_s’_=accomplir=, _v.r._, to be accomplished, to be performed, to be past.

=accomplissement= (-mān), _n.m._, accomplishment, fulfillment; completion, execution, observance.

=accon=, _n.m._, small lighter, punt.

=accoquiner=. _V._ =acoquiner=.

=accorage=, _n.m._, propping.

=accord=, _n.m._, agreement, bargain, contract, convention, settlement, stipulation; consent, concurrence; good understanding, unity; (mus.) accord, chord; (paint.) harmony, accord. _Être d’—_; _demeurer d’—_; _tomber d’—_; to agree, to be agreed. _Mettre d’—_; to reconcile. _D’—_; granted, done. _D’un commun —_; by common consent. _Être d’—_; (mus.) to be in tune. _Tenir d’—_; to keep in tune.

=accordable=, _adj._, grantable, that may be granted; (mus.) tunable; (of men) reconcilable.

*=accordailles=, _n.f.pl._, (pop.) the ceremony of signing the articles of marriage, espousals.

=accordant=, =-e=, _adj._, (mus.) accordant, tunable, harmonious, concordant.

=accorde!= _int._ (nav.) now! (order given to rowers to pull together).

=accordé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, bridegroom, bride (after the marriage articles are signed); one who is betrothed, granted.

=accordéon=, _n.m._, accordion.

=accorder=, _v.a._, to grant, to allow, to accord, to give, to allot, to bestow, to concede; to admit, to give up; to make friends, to reconcile; (gram.) to make agree; (mus.) to tune, to string. _— mal_; to mistune. _Accordez vos flûtes_; agree upon it between you.

_s’_=accorder=, _v.r._, to agree, to suit, to be suited, to accord, to correspond; to square; to join, to concur. _S’— du prix_; to agree upon the price. _Il ne s’accorde pas avec lui-même_; he is inconsistent with himself.

=accordeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, tuner (of instruments). _Clef d’—_; tuning-hammer.

=accordoir=, _n.m._, tuning-hammer.

=accore=, _n.f._, (nav.) shore, prop, stanchion.

=accore=, _adj._, bluff, steep.

=accorer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to shore up, to prop, to stay, to wedge.

=accorné=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) horned.

=accort=, =-e=, _adj._, flexible, complying, courteous, affable.

=accortise=, _n.f._, complaisance, affability, courtesy.

=accostable=, _adj._, (l.u.) accostable, easy of access. _Il n’est pas —_; he is not approachable.

=accoste=, _n.m._, (nav.) order to bring alongside.

=accoster=, _v.a._, to accost, to make up to, to come or go up to one, to join, to couple; (nav.) to come alongside.

_s’_=accoster= =de=, _v.r._, to keep company with, to make acquaintance with, to frequent.

=accotar=, _n.m._ _V._ =accotoir=.

=accotement=, _n.m._, (engineering) driftway; (rail.) bank, outer way.

=accoter=, _v.a._, to prop up, to support, to bear up, to lean; (hort.) to dung, to match, to screen.

_s’_=accoter=, _v.r._, to lean on anything, to support one’s self.

=accotoir=, _n.m._, prop, leaning-stock, stanchion; (nav.) stay, shore.

=accouchée=, _n.f._, a woman in child-bed, lying-in woman.

=accouchement= (-koosh-mān), _n.m._, child-bed; delivery, confinement, accouchement; obstetrics; midwifery. _Hôpital des —s_; lying-in hospital. _Faire un —_; to deliver a woman.

=accoucher=, _v.n._, to lie in, to be brought to bed, to be delivered. _— avant terme_; to miscarry. _Accouchez donc!_ (fam.) come, out with it!

=accoucher=, _v.a._, to deliver a woman.

=accoucheur=, _n.m._, man-midwife, accoucheur.

=accoucheuse=, _n.f._, a midwife.

_s’_=accouder=, _v.r._, to lean on one’s elbow.

=accoudoir=, _n.m._, anything to lean the elbow upon, elbow-rest, sill, rail.

=accouer=, _v.a._, to tie the halter of the first horse to the tail of the second, and so on; to wound a stag in the shoulder, to ham-string him.

=accoulins=, _n.m.pl._, alluvion; clay for making bricks.

=accouple=, _n.f._, leash, brace, couple.

=accouplement=, _n.m._, coupling, pairing, joining or yoking together; copulation.

=accoupler=, _v.a._, to couple; to tack or join together; to yoke; to match, to pair. _— des bœufs_; to yoke oxen.

_s’_=accoupler=, _v.r._, to couple, to copulate; to pair.

=accourcie=, _n.f._, short cut; a passage formed in a ship’s hold, to go fore and aft.

=accourcir=, _v.a._, to shorten, to make shorter, to abridge.

_s’_=accourcir=, _v.r._, to shorten, to grow shorter, to decrease.

=accourcissement= (-mān), _n.m._, shortening, diminution.

=accourir=, _v.n._, to run to, to hasten, to flock together, to run at, to rush at.

=accoutré=, =-e=, _part._, accoutred, dressed.

=accoutrement=, _n.m._, (jest. or iron.) garb, dress, gear.

=accoutrer=, _v.a._, (jest. or iron.) to dress out, rig out.

_s’_=accoutrer=, _v.r._, to dress one’s self out in, to rig one’s self out.

☉=accoutumance=, _n.f._, habit, custom.

=accoutumé=, =-e=, _adj._, accustomed, habitual, used to. _À l’—e_; as usual, customarily.

=accoutumer=, _v.a._, to accustom, to use, to habituate; to inure.

=accoutumer=, _v.n._, to use, to be wont.

_s’_=accoutumer=, _v.r._, to accustom, to use, to inure one’s self.

☉=accouvé=, =-e=, (fam.) _adj._, brooding over (the fire).

=accréditer=, _v.a._, to accredit; to give reputation, credit, sanction to; to bring into vogue, to procure esteem, to confirm, to spread (rumors).

_s’_=accréditer=, _v.r._, to get a name or reputation, to get into credit; to ingratiate one’s self.

=accrétion=, _n.f._, (med.) accretion.

=accroc= (-krô), _n.m._, impediment, hitch, hindrance; rent, tear. _Faire un — à_; to tear.

☉=accroche=, _n.f._, hindrance, obstacle, hitch.

=accroche-cœur=, _n.m._, (_—_) (curl) heart-breaker, kiss-curl. _En —_; curled up, twisted.

=accrochement=, _n.m._, locking (of carriages); difficulty, hitch, delay.

=accrocher=, _v.a._, to hang up or upon, to hook; to catch, to tear; to get, to pick up; to lock, to get locked with; to grapple (a ship); to delay, stop, put off, pawn. _— sa montre_; to pawn one’s watch. _Il lui à accroché de l’argent_; he has done him out of some money.

_s’_=accrocher=, _v.r._, to catch in; to hang on; to lay hold of, to cling to.

=accroire=, _v.a._, to believe. _Faire — à_; to make believe. _En faire — à quelqu’un_; to impose upon any one. _S’en faire —_; to be self-conceited, to overrate one’s self.

=accroissement=, _n.m._, increase, growth, enlargement, extension, development.

=accroître=, _v.a._, to increase, to enlarge, to amplify, to augment, to raise.

=accroître=, _v.n._, to increase, to augment.

_s’_=accroître=, _v.r._, to increase, to grow; to be augmented or advanced, to improve.

=accroupi=, =-e=, _adj._, squat, cowering, crouching.

_s’_=accroupir=, _v.r._, to sit down upon the hams or heels, to squat, to crouch.

=accroupissement= (-mān), _n.m._, cowering, squatting, crouching.

=accru=, _n.m._, sprig produced by roots, shoot.

=accrue=, _n.f._, increase of land caused by the retiring of waters; encroachment by trees on adjoining land.

*=accueil= (-keu), _n.m._, reception, welcome, greeting; (com.) protection, honor (of bills). _Faire —_; to receive kindly (of bills), to meet. _Recevoir bon —_; to meet with due honor, protection; to be greeted, welcomed; (com.) to be met, honored (of bills).

*=accueillir= (-keu-), _v.a._, to receive, to make welcome, to entertain; to hail; to overtake; to assail; (com.) to honor; to protect. _Être bien accueilli_; to be received with a hearty welcome. _La tempête nous accueillit_; the storm overtook us.

=accul=, _n.m._, place that has no egress; blind alley; small bay, cove; (hunt.) terrier, lodge, hole; breeching (of a cannon).

=acculer=, _v.a._, to bring to a stand; to drive into a corner; to drive into a place from which there is no escape; (hunt.) to run home.

=acculer=, _v.n._, (of carts) to hang backwards.

=accumulat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, accumulator.

=accumulation=, _n.f._, accumulation.

=accumuler=, _v.a._, to accumulate, to heap up, to store, to amass. _— crime sur crime_; to heap crime upon crime.

_s’_=accumuler=, _v.r._, to accumulate, to increase.

=accusable=, _adj._, accusable, impeachable, chargeable.

=accusat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, accuser, indicter, impeacher.

=accusatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) accusative case. _A l’—_; in the accusative.

=accusation=, _n.f._, accusation, indictment, impeachment, charge; complaint; prosecution. _Chef d’—_; count of an indictment. _Mise en —_; arraignment. _Intenter une —_; to prefer an indictment. _Mettre en —_; to impeach. _Prononcer la mise en —_; to find a true bill.

=accusatoire=, _adj._, accusatory.

=accusé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, accused, prisoner, culprit. _— de réception_; (com.) acknowledgment of letter, receipt.

=accuser=, _v.a._, to accuse of, to charge with; to indict, to impeach; to reproach, to tax; to blame; to dispute the validity of a deed; to mention, to give notice; (fig.) to show, to indicate, to betray, to attest. _— réception d’une lettre_; to acknowledge the receipt of a letter.

_s’_=accuser=, _v.r._, to accuse one’s self.

=acéphale=, _adj._, acephalous, without a head.

=acéphales=, _n.m.pl._, acephala.

=acérain=, =-e=, _adj._, relating to steel, steely.

=acerbe=, _adj._, sour, sharp, acerb; harsh, bitter.

=acerbité=, _n.f._, acerbity, harshness; bitterness.

=acéré=, =-e=, _adj._, steely, steeled; sharp, keen, sharp-edged; acerose.

=acérer=, _v.a._, to steel.

☉=acéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acerose, needle-shaped.

=acescence=, _n.f._, acescency, acidifying.

=acescent=, =-e=, _adj._, acescent.

=acétabule=, _n.m._, acetabulum.

=acétate=, _n.m._, acetate.

=acéteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acetous.

=acétique=, _adj._, acetic.

=achalandage=, _n.m._, custom, connection; good will and fixtures.

=achalandé=, =-e=, _part._, having custom. _Boutique bien —e_; a well-frequented shop, doing or driving a good trade.

=achalander=, _v.a._, to get custom, to procure customers, to procure custom to.

_s’_=achalander=, _v.r._, to get or draw, attract, customers.

=acharné=, =-e=, _adj._, fleshed; rabid; infuriated; implacable; desperate; obstinate; intense. _Un combat —_; a desperate fight. _Une haine —e_; an implacable hatred.

=acharnement=, _n.m._, tenacity; rancor, blind fury; stubbornness, ill-nature; obstinacy, desperation. _Avec —_; unmercifully. _C’est de l’—_; this is rank fury.

=acharner=, _v.a._, to flesh; to rouse, to madden; to set on; to embitter, to envenom.

_s’_=acharner=, _v.r._, to be intent, bent, set upon; to set one’s heart upon; to persist in; to be infuriated, implacable. _Il s’acharne à l’étude_; his heart is set upon study.

☉=achars=, _n.m.pl._, Indian pickles.

=achat=, _n.m._, purchase, purchasing, buying; bargain. _Faire des —s_; to purchase.

=ache=, _n.f._, (bot.) smallage.

=achée=, _n.f._, worms, gentles, bait.

=acheminement= (ash-mi-n-mān), _n.m._, step; preparatory measure, means, way, dispatch.

=acheminer= (ash-mi-né), _v.a._, to forward, to send on.

_s’_=acheminer=, _v.r._, to set out or forward, to make one’s way towards; to begin one’s journey; to proceed towards; to get on.

=acheter= (ash-té), _v.a._, to buy, to purchase, to bribe. _— cher ou bon marché_; to buy dear or cheap. _— en bloc_; to buy in a lump. _— chat en poche_; to buy a pig in a poke.

_s’_=acheter=, _v.r._, to buy for one’s self, to be bought.

=acheteur= (ash-teur), _n.m._, buyer, purchaser, last bidder.

=achevé=, =-e=, _part._, finished, perfect, exquisite, absolute; downright, consummate, arrant. _Beauté —e_; a perfect beauty. _Sot —_; downright ass.

=achèvement= (-shev-mān), _n.m._, completion, finishing, conclusion.

=achever= (ash-vé), _v.a._, to finish, to put the finishing hand to; to close, to end, to conclude, to terminate, to perfect, to crown, to consummate; to dispatch, to kill. _— de boire_; to drink up. _Achevez!_ out with it! _Il n’acheva pas_; he said no more.

=acheveur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, finisher.

=achillée=, _n.f._, (bot.) milfoil, yarrow.

=achit=, _n.m._, wild vine.

=achoppement= (-shop-mān), _n.m._, stumbling, impediment. _Pierre d’—_; stumbling-block.

=achopper=, _v.n._, to stumble, to knock one’s self against anything; (fig.) to fail.

=achromatique= (-kro-), _adj._, achromatic.

=achromatisme= (-kro-), _n.m._, (opt.) achromatism.

☉=achronique= (-kro-), _adj._ _V._ =acronyque=.

=aciculaire=, _adj._, acicular, needle-shaped.

=acide=, _n.m._, acid.

=acide=, _adj._, acid, sour, tart, sharp.

=acidifier=, _v.a._, to acidify.

=acidité=, _n.f._, acidity, sourness, sharpness, tartness.

=acidule=, _adj._, of the nature of acids, acidulous.

=acidulé=, =-e=, _adj._, acidulated.

=aciduler=, _v.a._, to acidulate.

=acier=, _n.m._, steel. _— fondu_; cast steel. _— indien_, _— wootz_; wootz. _— poule_, _— de cémentation_; blistered steel. _Articles d’—_; steel wares. _Bijouterie d’—_; polished steel wares. _Fil d’—_; steel wire.

=aciérage=, _n.m._, (metal.) the hardening of copper, steeling, plating with steel.

=aciération=, _n.f._, the converting of iron into steel.

=aciérer=, _v.a._, to convert into steel, to steel.

=aciérie=, _n.f._, steel manufactory, steel-works.

=acineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acinose, acinous.

=aciniforme=, _adj._, aciniform.

=acmé=, _n.m._, (med.) acme.

=acné=, _n.f._, (med.) acne.

=acolyte=, _n.m._, acolothist, acolyte; companion, confederate, associate.

=acompte=, _n.m._, installment, partial payment.

=acon=, _n.m._ _V._ =accon=.

=aconit= (-nit), _n.m._, aconite, wolf’s-bane, monk’s hood. _— tue-chien_; dog’s-bane.

=acoquinant=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) alluring, engaging, captivating.

=acoquiner=, _v.a._, (fam.) to allure, to bewitch; to captivate.

_s’_=acoquiner=, _v.r._, (fam.) to be bewitched, to be greatly attached to. _Il s’acoquine auprès de cette femme_; he is much in love with that woman.

=acotylédone=, _adj._, (of plants) acotyledonous.

=acoup=, _n.m._, (_—s_) jerk, sudden stop, or halt.

=acoustique=, _n.f._ (_n.p._), acoustics.

=acoustique=, _adj._, acoustic. _Cordon —_; speaking-pipe. _Cornet —_; ear-trumpet. _Voûte —_; whispering dome, gallery.

=acquéreur=, _n.m._, buyer, purchaser.

=acquérir= (acquérant, acquis), _v.a._, to acquire, to purchase, to buy, to obtain; to get, to achieve, to attain, to gain, to win.

_s’_=acquérir=, _v.r._, to get, to be gotten, to be acquired, obtained, or purchased, to win for one’s self.

=acquêt=, _n.m._, (jur.) common property of two married people, acquisition, purchase.

=acquiescement= (-mān), _n.m._, acquiescence, compliance, consent, willingness.

=acquiescer=, _v.n._, to acquiesce, to agree, to assent, to yield, to comply.

=acquis=, _part._ of Acquérir.

=acquis=, =-e=, _adj._, acquired; added; secured; (med.) adventitious.

=acquis=, _n.m._, acquired knowledge, acquirements, attainments.

=acquisition=, _n.f._, acquisition, getting, acquiring, attaining, purchase, conquest. _Contrat d’—_; deed of purchase.

=acquit=, _n.m._, discharge, receipt; lead (at billiards). _Par manière d’—_; for form’s sake. _Jouer à l’—_; to play who shall pay for the whole. _Pour acquit_ (on bills), paid. _Donner — de_; to give a receipt for. _Mettre son — à_; to put “paid” on to receipt.

=acquit-à-caution=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (customs) permit.

☉=acquit-patent=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) royal decree granting the remission of a debt.

=acquittement= (-mān), _n.m._, payment, clearing off, liquidation; acquittal.

=acquitter=, _v.a._, to pay, to pay off, to clear, to quit; to receipt; to acquit, to discharge.

_s’_=acquitter=, _v.r._, to fulfill, to perform; to pay off one’s debts, to pay off, to be quits.

=acre=, _n.f._, acre.

=âcre=, _adj._, sharp, sour, tart, acrimonious; bitter, biting; acrid.

=âcreté=, _n.f._, acridity, sharpness, sourness, tartness, acrimony.

=acrimonie=, _n.f._, acrimony, sharpness, keenness.

=acrimonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acrimonious, sharp.

=acrobate=, _n.m.f._, rope-dancer.

=acronyque=, _adj._, (astr.), acronic, acronical.

=acropole=, _n.f._, acropolis.

=acrostiche=, _n.m._, acrostic.

=acrotère=, _n.m._, (arch.) acroterium, blocking course; (nav.) cape, headland.

=acte=, _n.m._, act; deed; indenture, instrument; document; charter; _pl._, records, public registers, rolls, proceedings. _— faux_; forged deed. _Expédition d’un —_; copy of a deed. _Donner — de_; to deliver an official certificate of. _Rédiger un —_; to draw up a document. _Faire acte de présence_; to put in an appearance, to show one’s self. _Prendre —_; to make a note of, to put down.

=act-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, actor; actress; player.

=actif=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) assets (_pl._); (gram.) active voice. _Actif et passif_; assets and liabilities. _Actif_; receipts of a budget.

=acti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, active; real, actual; quick, nimble, brisk, agile, stirring, busy, energetic. _Dettes actives_; assets.

=action=, _n.f._, action, act, agency, operation, virtue, motion; deed, feat, performance; gesture, posture; engagement, battle; suit, plea; share, stock. _— cessible_ (com.); transferable share. _— nominative_; personal share. _Promesse d’—s_; scrip. _Détenteur de promesse d’—s_; scrip-holder. _Titre d’une —_; document of a share. _Par —s_; joint-stock. _— d’éclat_; splendid achievement. _—s de banque_; bank stock. _Hausse_, _baisse_, _des —s_; rise, fall, of shares. _— de grâces_; thanksgiving. _En —_; in motion. _Entrer en —_; to begin opérations. _Intenter une — à quelqu’un_; to bring an action against any one. _Mettre en —_; to carry into action, to carry out. _En —_; (mach.) in gear. _Hors d’—_; out of gear.

=actionnaire=, _n.m._, shareholder, stockholder.

=actionner=, _v.a._, to bring an action, to sue at law. _S’—_; to bestir oneself.

=activement= (-mān), _adv._, actively, vigorously.

=activer=, _v.a._, to press, to hasten, to forward, to expedite.

=activité=, _n.f._, action, activity; nimbleness, expedition, dispatch, employment. _En —_; in activity, in active service.

=actualisation=, _n.f._, actualness, adaptation to the times.

=actualiser=, _v.a._, to actualize.

=actualité=, _n.f._, actuality, passing event; question of the hour.

=actuel=, =-le=, _adj._, actual, real; present.

=actuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, now, at this very time.

=acuité=, _n.f._, (mus.) acuteness, keenness.

=acuminé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) acuminated.

=acuponcture=, _n.f._, (surg.) acupuncture.

=acutangle=, _adj._, acute-angled.

=acutangulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) acute-angled.

=adage=, _n.m._, adage, proverb; saying.

=adagio=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) adagio.

=adagio=, _adv._, (mus.) adagio, slowly.

=adamantin=, =-e=, _adj._, adamantine.

=adaptation=, _n.f._, adaptation.

=adapter=, _v.a._, to apply, to adapt; to suit; to fit.

_s’_=adapter=, _v.r._, to apply, fit, suit. _Qui peut —_; which is adaptable.

=adapteur=, _n.m.f._, adapter.

=addition= (ad-di-), _n.f._, addition; accession; bill, reckoning; (print.) marginal note. _— composée_; compound addition. _— en hache_ (print.); interlineary matter. _Faire l’— de_; to add, to sum up.

=additionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, additional.

=additionner=, _v.a._, to add, to cast up.

=adducteur=, _n.m._, (anat.) adductor.

=adducteur=, _adj._, (anat.) adducent.

=adduction=, _n.f._, (anat.) adduction.

=ademption=, _n.f._, (jur.) revocation of a legacy.

=adepte=, _n.m.f._, adept.

=adéquat=, =-e= (-kouat), _adj._, (philos.) complete, entire, adequate.

=adhérence=, _n.f._, adhesion; adherence, attachment.

=adhérent=, =-e=, _adj._, adherent, sticking to.

=adhérent=, _n.m._, adherer, follower, partisan.

=adhérer=, _v.n._, to adhere, to be adherent, to cling, to hold, to cleave, to stick; to adhere to, to approve.

=adhési-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, adhesive.

=adhésion=, _n.f._, adhesion, adherence; compliance.

=ad hoc=, _adv._, to that effect or purpose.

=ad hominem=, _adv._, personal, direct. _Argument —_; _argumentum ad hominem_.

☉=ad honores=, _adv._, honorary.

=adiante=, _n.m._, (bot.) adiantum, maiden-hair.

=adieu=, _adv._, adieu, farewell, good-bye. _Dire —_, _faire ses adieux_ =à=; to bid adieu. _Sans —_; without bidding you adieu, without saying good-bye. _— va!_ (nav.) about ship!

=adieu=, _n.m._, farewell, parting, leave. _Faire ses —x_; to take one’s leave.

=adipeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, adipous, adipose, fat.

=adipocire=, _n.f._, adipocere.

=adiposité=, _n.f._, adipose or fatty condition.

=adirer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to mislay, to lose.

=adition=, _n.f._, (jur.) acceptance of an inheritance.

=adjacent=, =-e=, _adj._, adjacent, bordering upon, contiguous.

=adjectif=, _n.m._, (gram.) adjective.

=adjecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) adjectival.

=adjectivement= (-mān), _adv._, adjectively.

=adjoindre=, _v.a._, to adjoin, to associate, to give as an assistant. _S’—_; to take as a partner.

=adjoint=, _n.m._, adjunct, associate, colleague, assistant, deputy. _Maire —_; deputy mayor.

=adjonction=, _n.f._, adjunction, union, annexation.

=adjudant=, _n.m._, adjutant. _Fonctions d’—_; adjutancy. _— de place_; town adjutant.

=adjudicataire=, _n.m.f._, purchaser, contractor, highest bidder.

=adjudicataire=, _adj._, purchasing; contracting.

=adjudicat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, awarder.

=adjudicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) adjudging.

=adjudication=, _n.f._, adjudication; auction; contract, award. _Par —_; by contract. _Mettre en —_; to contract for.

=adjuger=, _v.a._, to adjudge, to adjudicate, to award. _Adjugé!_ (at auctions) gone!

_s’_=adjuger=, _v.r._, to appropriate to one’s own use.

=adjuration=, _n.f._, adjuration, imprecation.

=adjurer=, _v.a._, to adjure; to conjure, to call upon, to beseech.

=adjuvant=, _n.m._, (med.) adjuvant.

=ad libitum= (-tom), _adv._, ad libitum, at will, at pleasure.

=admettre=, _v.a._, to admit, to receive; to allow, to approve of, to suppose; to adopt; to give admittance, to take in; to let in, to suffer to come into, to let enter.

=adminicule=, _n.m._, (jur.) presumptive proof.

=administra-teur=, _n.m._, =-trice=, _n.f._, administrator, administratrix, manager, trustee, governor, curator; guardian (of the poor).

=administrati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, administrative.

=administration=, _n.f._, administration, management, direction, government, conduct. _Mauvaise —_; maladministration.

=administrativement=, _adv._, administratively.

=administré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person under one’s administration or jurisdiction.

=administrer=, _v.a._, to administer, to manage, to officiate, to govern; to minister, to dispense; (jur.) to furnish, find. _Droit d’—_; letters of administration. _— des témoins_; to find, produce, witnesses.

_s’_=administrer=, _v.r._, to administer to one’s self; to be managed, to be administered.

=admirable=, _adj._, admirable, wonderful.

=admirablement=, _adv._, admirably, wonderfully.

=admirat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, admirer, praiser.

=admirati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, of admiration or exclamation, wondering. _D’un air —_; with a wondering look.

=admiration=, _n.f._, admiration, wonder, marvel. _Point d’—_; note of exclamation. _Avoir de l’— pour_, _Être dans l’—_; to admire. _Saisir d’—_; to strike with admiration.

=admirer=, _v.a._, to admire, to wonder at.

=admissibilité=, _n.f._, admissibility.

=admissible=, _adj._, allowable, admissible.

=admission=, _n.f._, admission, admittance, reception.

=admonestation=, _n.f._, admonishment, admonition.

=admonester=, _v.a._, (jur.) to admonish, to warn, to reprimand.

=admonit-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, adviser.

=admonition=, _n.f._, admonition, advice, exhortation, reprimand.

=adné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) adnate.

=adolescence=, _n.f._, adolescence.

=adolescent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, lad; lass; stripling.

=adolescent=, =-e=, _adj._, adolescent.

=adonien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (poet.) adonic.

=adonique=. _V._ =adonien=.

=adonis= (-nis), _n.m._, Adonis, beau; (bot.) adonis, pheasant’s-eye.

=adoniser=, _v.a._, to deck out, to make fine.

_s’_=adoniser=, _v.r._, to bedizen one’s self.

=adonner=, _v.n._, (nav.) to veer aft.

_s’_=adonner=, _v.r._, to give, to apply, to devote, to addict one’s self, to give one’s mind (to a thing _— à quelque chose_), to follow, to take to a thing. _S’— au vin_, to become addicted to drinking.

=adoptable=, _adj._, that can be adopted.