Chapter C (7)

=coureur=, _n.m._, runner, racer; courser, hunter; light-porter; running footman; groom; gadder; rambler, rover, stroller; inconstant lover; rake, libertine; (milit.) skirmisher; scout. _— de sermons_; sermon hunter. _— de nuit_; man who keeps late hours. _— de cachets_; visiting tutor, master.

=coureuse=, _n.f._, gadder, street-walker. _— de cachets_; visiting or daily governess.

=coure-vite= _or_ =court-vite=, _n.m._, (_—_) (orni.) courser.

=courge=, _n.f._, gourd, pumpkin; yoke (to carry pails). _— à la moelle_; squash.

=courir= (courant, couru), _v.n._, to run; to hasten; to hunt, to run after; to ramble, to gad abroad, to run about, to rove, to run up and down; to flow, to stream; to run on; to run along, to extend, to stretch; to prevail, to be prevalent, to be about, abroad; to go round; to be current, to circulate, to be reported; (nav.) to sail. _— à toutes jambes_; to run as fast as possible; at the top of one’s speed. _— à bride abattue_; to ride full gallop. _— après_; to run after. _Devancer en courant_; to outrun. _— çà et là_; to run about, up and down; to gad about. _L’année qui court_; the present year. _Au temps_, _par le temps_, _qui court_; as times go nowadays. _La monnaie qui court_; current money. _La mode qui court_; the prevailing fashion. _Le bruit court qu’il est mort_; there is a report that he is dead. _Il court bien des maladies_; there is much illness about. _— à l’autre bord_; (nav.) to stand upon the other tack. _— au large_; to stand off. _— à sa perte_; to hasten to one’s ruin. _— à l’hôpital_; to be ruining one’s self. _— aux armes_; to fly to arms. _— sur le marché de quelqu’un_; to outbid any one. _— à sa fin_; to draw to an end. _Faire — des bruits_; to spread reports. _Faire — une santé_; to make a toast go round.

=courir=, _v.a._, to run after, to pursue; to travel over; to hunt; to frequent; to infest; to expose one’s self, to run, to take. _— les rues_; to run about the streets. _— la pretantaine_; to gad about. _— les bals_, _les théâtres_; to frequent balls, theatres. _— le pays_; to rove, to stroll about. _— le monde_; to travel. _Être fou à — les rues_ or _les champs_; to be as mad as a March hare. _— la poste_; to do a thing precipitately. _— sa vingtième année_; to be in one’s twentieth year. _— le plat pays_, _la mer_; to be a pirate. _— le même lièvre_; to be engaged in the same pursuit. _— même fortune_; to be in the same boat.

=courlieu= _or_ =courlis=, _n.m._, (orni.) curlew.

=couronne=, _n.f._, crown, coronet; wreath; (anat., arch., astron., conch., hort., hunt.) crown; crown (of the teeth); crown (a coin); (vet.) coronet; (fort.) crown work; (of paper) large foolscap; (of a lamp) chimney-holder. _— civique_; civic crown. _— d’épines_; crown of thorns. _La — du martyre_; the crown of martyrdom. _Décerner une —_; to award a wreath. _— impériale_; (bot.) crown-imperial. _— de pieu_; head of a stake. _— des blés_; rose-campion. _Domaine de la —_; crown-lands. _C’est le plus beau fleuron de sa —_; it is the brightest jewel in his crown. _Traiter de — à —_; to treat as from sovereign to sovereign. _— matrimoniale_; (hist. of Scotland) matrimonial crown.

=couronné=, =-e=, _part._, crowned, capped; encompassed; (vet.) broken-kneed; (arch.). _Arbre —_; tree the top of which is withering. _Cheval —_; broken-kneed horse.

=couronnement= (koo-ro-n-mān), _n.m._, crowning, coronation; completion; crowning, coping (of walls); cap (of blocks); (nav.) taffrail of a ship.

=couronner=, _v.a._, to crown; to decree a crown; to award a prize; to wreath; (arch.) to cap. _— de fleurs_; to crown with flowers. _La fin couronne l’œuvre_; all’s well that ends well.

_se_ =couronner=, _v.r._, to be crowned, to wear a crown; to begin to wither at the top (of trees); to be broken-kneed, to come down (of a horse).

=couronnure=, _n.f._, crown (on a stag’s head).

=courre=, _n.m._, (hunt.) starting-place; hunting _or_ coursing country.

=courre=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to run; to hunt. _Laisser —_; to slip the hounds.

=courrier=, _n.m._, courier, post, post-boy; messenger. _— de la malle_; mail-cart driver. _Jour de —_; post-day. _Par le — de ce jour_; by to-day’s post. _Par le retour du_ or _par retour de —_; by return of post. _L’heure du —_; post-time. _Faire son —_; to write one’s letters. _Lire_ or _dépouiller son —_; to read one’s letters.

=courrière=, _n.f._, (l.u.) wanderer; forerunner, harbinger; messenger.

=courroi=, _n.m._, roller, tenter (used by dyers).

=courroie=, _n.f._, strap, thong; belt, band. _Allonger la —_; to make the most of one’s money. _Serrer la — à quelqu’un_; to curtail any one’s allowance. _Lâcher la —_; to give rein, to give rope.

=courroucer=, _v.a._, to provoke to anger, to incense; to irritate. _Flots courroucés_; angry waves.

_se_ =courroucer=, _v.r._, to become angry.

=courroux=, _n.m._, wrath, anger, rage. _Être en —_; to be angry.

=courroyage=, _n.m._, tentering.

=courroyer=, _v.a._, to tenter, to stretch stuffs just dyed.

=courroyeur=, _n.m._, one who stretches stuffs just dyed.

=cours=, _n.m._, course, stream, current, running, vent, scope; public drive; vogue; currency (of coin); progress; continuation; term, space; lectures, course of lectures; (com.) market price; (nav.) voyage. _Donner un libre — à sa fureur_; to give full vent to one’s anger. _Le — du soleil est d’orient en occident_; the course of the sun is from east to west. _Ce bruit a eu —_; the rumor was current. _Donner — à_; to give currency to. _Salle de —_; lecture-room. _Faire un —_; to give a course of lectures. _Suivre un —_; to attend a course of lectures. _Ce jeune homme a fini ses —_; this young man has finished his studies. _— d’eau_; stream; watercourse. _— de ventre_; looseness of the bowels. _Avoir son —_; to take its course (of a disease). _— légal_; legal tender. _Dernier —_; closing price. _Premier —_; opening price. _Obtenir le —_; (com.) to command a price. _Voyage de long —_; ocean travel; voyage to foreign parts.

=course=, _n.f._, race, running; run; career; tilt; coursing, hunting, chase; cruise, cruising, incursion, privateering; journey, walk; excursion, jaunt; round, call, errand; tour; fare; course; (nav.) cruise; length of the stroke (of a piece of machinery). _Il est léger à la —_; he is a swift runner. _Surpasser à la —_; to outrun. _— de bague_; running at the ring. _— de chevaux_; horse-race. _Champ de —_; race-course. _— au clocher_; steeple-chase. _Une — à pied_; a foot-race. _— de chars_; chariot-race. _— de haies_; hurdle-race. _Aller en —_; to go upon a cruise. _Vaisseau armé en —_; ship armed for cruising, privateer. _Être en —_; to be out. _Faire des —s_; to go on errands, to pay calls. _Faire une — à cheval_; to take a ride. _Faire une — à pied_; to walk out on foot. _Prendre un fiacre à la —_; to take a hackney coach by the drive. _Lutte à la —_; foot-match.

=coursier=, _n.m._, charger, steed; (nav.) bow, bow-chase; float-board.

=coursive=, _n.f._, (nav.) waist; passage; half-deck.

=courson=, _n.m._, shoot cut down to three or four eyes; vine-shoot.

=court=, =-e=, _adj._, short; scanty; brief, concise, curt, succinct; narrow; limited. _Être — d’argent_; to be short of money. _Avoir la vue —e_; to be near-sighted. _Il est revenu avec sa —e honte_; he came back unsuccessful. _Il veut la faire —e et bonne_; he wishes to have a short but a merry life.

=court=, _n.m._, the shortest way. _Savoir le — et le long d’une affaire_; to know the long and the short of an affair. _Prendre le plus —_; to take the shortest way.

=court=, _adv._, short. _S’arrêter tout —_; to stop short. _Tourner —_; to turn short. _Pour le faire —_; to be short. _Couper — à quelqu’un_; to cut any one short. _Demeurer tout —_; to stop short. _Tenir quelqu’un de —_; to keep anyone under. _Tout —_; only that, and no more. _À — de_; short of.

=courtage=, _n.m._, (com.) business of a broker; brokerage, commission. _— de change_; bill-brokerage. _Faire le —_; to carry on the business of a broker.

=courtaud=, =-e=, _adj._, thick-set, dumpy; docked, crop-eared (of dogs, horses). _Etriller quelqu’un en chien —_; to give any one a good licking.

=courtaud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, short, thick-set person. _— de boutique_; shop drudge, counter-jumper. [In the latter sense, _courtaud_ is not used in the feminine.]

=courtauder=, _v.a._, to dock, to crop (horses, &c.).

*=court-bouillon=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) a wine sauce to boil fish in.

=court-bouton=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) peg (of a plow).

=courte-botte=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) shrimp of a fellow.

=courte-boule=, _n.f._, short bowls.

=courte-haleine=, _n.f._, shortness of breath, asthma.

=courtement=, _adv._, (l.u.) shortly, briefly.

*=courte-paille=, _n.f._, cut (wisp of straw). _Tirer à la —_; to draw cuts, lots.

=courtepointe=, _n.f._, counterpane, quilt.

=courtepointier= (-tié), _n.m._, quilt-maker.

=courter=, _v.a._, to buy and sell as a broker, to act as a commission agent.

=courtier= (-tié), _n.m._, broker; agent. _— de change_; bill-broker, money-broker. _— non breveté_, _— marron_; unlicensed broker. _— maritime_; ship-broker. _— pour les denrées coloniales_; colonial broker. _— d’assurances_, _dictions_; insurance, share, broker. _— pour les sucres_; sugar-broker. _— de mariage_; matrimonial agent. _— electoral_; electioneering agent; canvasser.

=courtière=, _n.f._, matrimonial agent, go-between.

=courtil=, _n.m._, croft (small field).

=courtilière=, _n.f._, mole-cricket.

*=courtille=, _n.f._, tea-gardens.

=courtine=, _n.f._, (fort.) curtain.

=courtisan=, _n.m._, courtier.

=courtisane=, _n.f._, courtesan.

=courtisanerie=, _n.f._, court flattery; toadyism.

=courtisanesque=, _adj._, courtier-like.

=courtiser=, _v.a._, to court, to pay court to, to woo, to flatter. _— une femme_; to make love to a woman.

=court-jointé=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) short-jointed.

=court-mancher=, _v.a._, (cook.) to skewer.

=court-monté=, =-e=, _adj._, low-backed (of horses).

=courtois=, =-e=, _adj._, courteous, polite, well-bred. _Armes —es_; blunt arms.

=courtoisement= (-toaz-mān), _adv._, in a courteous manner, courteously.

=courtoisie=, _n.f._, courteousness, courtesy, kindness, good turn.

_à_ =courts jours=, _adv._, having a few days to run (of bills). _Lettre de change à —_; bill which has but a few days to run.

=court-vêtu=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) in short petticoats.

=court-vite=, _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =coure-vite=.

=couscous=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) couscous (Arabian dish).

=couseuse=, _n.f._, sewer, stitcher (of books).

=cousin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, cousin; friend, crony. _— germain_; first cousin, cousin german. _— au troisième degré_; third cousin.

=cousin=, _n.m._, (ent.) gnat.

=cousinage=, _n.m._, relationship of cousins, relation, kindred.

=cousiner=, _v.a._, to call cousin.

_se_ =cousiner=, _v.r._, to call one another cousin.

=cousiner=, _v.n._, to spunge, to live on others, to be friends, cronies.

=cousinerie= (koo-zi-n-rî), _n.f._, host of cousins.

=cousinière=, _n.f._, gnat-veil, mosquito-net.

=cousoir=, _n.m._, (book-bind.) sewing-press.

=coussin=, _n.m._, cushion, hassock; pad; (min., surg.) bolster. _— de mire_; bed of a cannon.

=coussinet=, _n.m._, small cushion; pad; iron wedge; (surg.) bolster; (arch.) cushion; (railways) chair; pillion (of saddles); (bot.) whortleberry; cranberry.

=cousu=, =-e=, _part._, sewed, stitched; seamed; closed. _Ses finesses sont cousues de fil blanc_; his tricks are very shallow. _Bouche cousue_; mum’s the word. _Être — d’argent_; to be rolling in money.

=coût=, _n.m._, (jur.) cost, charge; price, expense.

=coûtant=, _adj._, of the cost. _Prix —_; prime cost.

=couteau=, _n.m._, knife; ☉short sword, dagger. _— à découper_, _— à dépecer_; carving-knife. _A —x tirés_; at daggers drawn. _— pliant_; clasp-knife. _— à ressort_; spring-knife. _— à deux tranchants_; two-edged knife. _Planche à —x_; knife-board. _Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un_; to stab anyone with a knife. _Aiguiser ses —x_; to prepare for the engagement. _— poignard_; dagger-knife. _Ils en sont à —x tirés_; they are at daggers drawn.

=coutelas= (koo-tlâ), _n.m._, cutlass.

=coutelier=, _n.m._, cutler.

=coutelière=, _n.f._, knife-case; cutler’s wife.

=coutellerie= (koo-tèl-rî), _n.f._, cutler’s shop; cutlery, cutler’s ware.

=coûter=, _v.n._, to cost; to stand in; to be expensive; to be painful, troublesome, mortifying; to be an effort, a trial. _Il lui en coûte beaucoup de dire cela_; it is very painful to him to say that. _L’argent ne lui coûte rien_; he knows not the value of money. _Que coûte-t-il de souhaiter?_ there is nothing so easy as wishing. _Tout lui coûte_; everything is an effort to him. _Coûte que coûte_; come what may, at any price. _Rien ne lui coûte_; he spares no trouble; he sticks at nothing.

=coûter=, _v.a._, to cost. _Cela lui coûta la vie_; that cost her her life, or him his life.

=coûteusement=, _adv._, expensively.

=coûteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, expensive, costly.

=coutier= (-tié), _n.m._, tick-maker.

=coutil= (koo-ti), _n.m._, ticking, duck. _Fil de —_; drill.

=coutre=, _n.m._, plow-share, coulter; (nav.) cutter.

=coutrier=, _n.m._, subsoil-plow.

=coutume=, _n.f._, custom; habit; practice, usage; ☉tax; collection of customs. _Selon ma —_; according to my custom. _Comme de —_; as usual. _Avoir — de_; to be accustomed to. _Une fois n’est pas —_; once does not constitute a habit; one swallow does not make a summer.

=coutumi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, common, ordinary, customary; accustomed, used; wonted, habitual. _Pays —_; country governed by common law. _Il est — du fait_; it is not the first time he has done it; he is an old offender, an old hand.

☉=coutumier=, _n.m._, customary (book of common law).

=couture=, _n.f._, seam; sewing, stitching; scar. _Rabattre les —s_; to flatten the seams. _Ils ont été battus à plate —_; they were beaten hollow. _— ouverte_; (nav.) open seam.

=couturer=, _v.a._, to seam. _Il a le visage couturé_; his face is seamed, scarred.

=couturier=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) sartorious muscle; tailor’s muscle; sempster, sewer; ladies’ tailor.

=couturière=, _n.f._, dressmaker, seamstress, needle-woman.

=couvage=, _n.m._, brooding, sitting.

=couvain=, _n.m._, eggs of bees, _or_ of bugs; breeding-cells, etc.

=couvaison=, _n.f._, brooding-time, sitting.

=couvée=, _n.f._, nest of eggs; brood, covey; (b.s.) generation, progeny. _D’une —_; at one brood.

=couvent=, _n.m._, convent, monastery, nunnery.

=couver=, _v.a._, to sit on, to hatch; to brood on, to incubate, to brood, to brew. _— quelqu’un des yeux_; to look tenderly at anyone; to devour with one’s eyes; to gloat over. _— de mauvais desseins_; to brew evil designs. _— une maladie_; to be sickening for an illness.

_se_ =couver=, _v.r._, to brood, to sit, to lie hid, to hatch.

=couver=, _v.n._, to brood, to sit, to lie hid; to lurk; to smolder; to prepare secretly.

=couvercle=, _n.m._, cover, lid; (tech.) cap, shutter.

=couverseau=, _n.m._, drum-cover (of a mill).

=couvert=, _n.m._, dinner things; breakfast things; cover (plate, spoon, knife, and fork); case (containing a spoon, knife, and fork); shelter; covert, shady place, thicket; cover, wrapper. _Mettre le —_; to lay the cloth. _Ôter le —_; to remove the cloth, to clear the table. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to shelter anyone. _Table de dix —s_; table laid for ten. _Un — de plus_; another knife and fork.

=couvert=, =-e=, _part._, covered; (fort.) covered, hid, hidden, secret; close, concealed; cloudy, overcast (of the weather); obscure, ambiguous (of words); clad, deep-colored (of wine). _— de plaies_; covered with sores. _Il est toujours ben —_; he is always well clothed. _Mots —s_; ambiguous words. _À mots —s_; in innuendoes. _Pays —_; woody country. _Chemin —_; (fort.) covert-way. _Lieu —_; shady place. _Temps —_; cloudy weather. _À —_; under cover; sheltered, secure. _Se mettre à —_; to shelter one’s self. _Être à —_; have good security, to be safe.

=couverte=, _n.f._, glaze, glazing.

☉=couvertement=, _adv._, covertly, secretly.

=couverture=, _n.f._, cover (of a book); wrapper; coverlet, counterpane, quilt, bed-clothes; blanketing; rug, cloak, blind; (com.) guaranty, security. _— de laine_; blanket. _— de cheval_; horse-cloth. _— piquée_; quilt. _— de selle_; saddle-cloth. _Faire la —_; to turn down the bed.

=couverturier=, _n.m._, blanket-maker.

=couvet=, _n.m._, earthenware foot-stove.

=couveuse=, _n.f._, brooding-hen.

=couvi=, _adj._, addle, addled. _Œuf —_; rotten egg.

=couvoir=, _n.m._, incubator.

=couvre-chef=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) covering for the head, headgear, head-dress, kerchief.

=couvre-feu=, _n.m._, (_—_) curfew, curfew-bell; fire-cover, fire-plate.

=couvre-lumière=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (artil.) apron.

=couvre-pieds=, _n.m._, (_—_) foot-coverlet.

=couvre-plat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) dish-cover.

=couvreur=, _n.m._, tiler, slater. _— en ardoise_; slater. _— en chaume_; thatcher. _— en tuiles_; tiler.

=couvrir=, (couvrant couvert), _v.a._, to cover; to envelop; to wrap up; to muffle up; (com., milit.) to cover; (of horse) to serve, to leap; to excuse, to palliate; to defray (expenses); to overflow, to overspread; to overrun; to protect; to copulate; to cloak, to keep secret, to disguise. _— un toit_; to roof. _— de honte_; to load with shame. _— sa faute_; to palliate one’s fault. _Un bon général doit savoir — sa marche_; a good general should know how to conceal his march.

_se_ =couvrir=, _v.r._, to cover oneself, to put on one’s hat, to be covered; to cover _or_ defend oneself; to conceal oneself; to get under cover; to be overcast (of the weather); to reimburse oneself. _Couvrez-vous_; put your hat on. _Le temps se couvre_; the weather is becoming overcast.

=covenant= (kov-nān), _n.m._, covenant.

=covenantaire=, _n.m._, covenanter.

=covendeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, joint-vendor.

=cowpox=, _n.m._, cow-pox.

=coxal=, _adj._, (anat.) of the hip, coxal, iliac.

=crabe=, _n.m._, crab.

=crabier=, _n.m._, crab-eater.

=crac=, _int._, creaking noise, crack, pop! _—! le voilà parti_; he was off in the twinkling of an eye! or before you could say Jack Robinson! _Monsieur de —_; Baron Munchausen.

=crachat=, _n.m._, spittle, expectoration; slight materials (of buildings); star, grand cross.

=crachement= (krash-mān), _n.m._, spitting. _— de sang_; spitting of blood.

=craché=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._ _Tout —_, _toute —e_; the very image of; the dead spit of.

=cracher=, _v.a._, to spit, to spit out, to utter, to come out with; to come down with, to fork out (money). _— du coton_; (pop.) to have a thirst on.

=cracher=, _v.n._, to spit, to sputter (of speech, of pens). _— au bassin_; to contribute. _— au nez_, _au visage_, _de quelqu’un_; to spit in anyone’s face. _— en l’air_; to be hoist with one’s own petard. _C’est à — dessus_; it is a mean, despicable thing.

=cracheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, spitter.

=crachoir=, _n.m._, spittoon.

=crachotement=, _n.m._, frequent spitting.

=crachoter=, _v.n._, to spit often.

=craie=, _n.f._, chalk. _Marquer avec de la —_; to chalk.

=craïer=, _n.m._, (nav.) pole-masted vessel.

=craillement=, _n.m._, cawing (of crows).

=crailler=, _v.n._, to caw.

=craindre= (craignant, craint), _v.a._, to fear, to apprehend; to be afraid of, to dread, to stand in awe _or_ fear of; to be afraid; to dislike; to be unable to bear. _Il craint d’être découvert_; he is afraid of being discovered. _Il craint que sa femme ne meure_; he fears his wife will die. _Je ne crains pas de le dire_; I do not hesitate to say so. _Ces arbres craignent le froid_; these trees dread the cold. _Se faire — de quelqu’un_; to be held in dread by anyone. _À —_; to be feared; dangerous; to be avoided.

=crainte=, _n.f._, fear, dread, awe, apprehension. _Retenir quelqu’un par la —_; to keep any one in awe. _Sans —_; fearlessly. _Avec —_; fearfully, in terror, in dread. _— de_, _de — de_; for fear of. _De — que_; for fear of; for fear that, lest. _De — d’être surpris_; for fear of being surprised. _De — qu’il ne le fasse_; lest he should do it.

=crainti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, fearful, apprehensive, timid, timorous, cowardly.

=craintivement=, _adv._, fearfully, timorously.

*=cramailler=, _n.m._, (horl.) notch-wheel.

=crambe= _or_ =crambé=, _n.m._, (bot.) colza, sea kale.

=cramoisi=, _n.m._, crimson.

=cramoisi=, =-e=, _adj._, crimson; red, scarlet.

=crampe=, _n.f._, cramp; cramp-fish, numb-fish; (nav.) cramp-iron; hook of a block. _Avoir des —s d’estomac_; griping; cramping. _Tirer sa —_; (pop.) to bolt, to run away.

=crampon=, _n.m._, (bot.) fulcrum, prop; (farriery) calkin; (hort.) climbing-spur; (mach.) click; cramp-iron, cramp-hook; hold-fast; grappling iron; brace. _— de fer à cheval_; frost-nails of a horseshoe.

=cramponné=, =-e=, _part._, clinging to; (her.) having half a potence at both ends, cramponee; (farriery) with calkins.

=cramponner=, _v.a._, to cramp, to fasten with a cramp-iron. _— un cheval_; to shoe a horse with frost-nails, calkins.

_se_ =cramponner=, _v.r._, to cling, to hold fast, to fasten to anything; to cling like grim death to.

=cramponnet=, _n.m._, little cramp-iron, tack, loop. _— de targette_; lock staple.

=cran=, _n.m._, notch; cog; (bot.) scurvy-grass, cochlearia, horse-radish; (print.) nick; (vet.) notch, ridge. _D’un —_; by a notch. _Baisser d’un —_; to take a peg lower. _Monter d’un —_; to rise a peg higher.

=crâne=, _n.m._, skull, brain-pan, cranium; (pop.) madcap, swaggerer, blusterer. _adj._, bold, brave; famous, capital, spicy.

=crânement=, _adv._, swaggeringly; capitally, in style, famously, fearlessly, unblushingly.

=crânerie= (crâ-n-rî), _n.f._, (pop.) swaggering, blustering, vaporing.

=crangon=, _n.m._, shrimp.

=craniologie= _or_ =cranologie=, _n.f._, craniology.

=craniologique=, _adj._, craniological.

=craniologiste=, _n.m._, craniologist.

=craniomètre=, _n.m._, craniometer.

=craniométrie=, _n.f._, craniometry.

=craniométrique=, _adj._, craniometrical.

=cranioscopie=, _n.f._, cranioscopy.

=cranologie=, _n.f._ _V._ =craniologie=.

=cranson=, _n.m._, scurvy-grass. _— rustique_; horse-radish.

=crapaud=, _n.m._, toad; urchin, brat, fellow; low-seat chair; (artil.) mortar-carriage; (vet.) crepane, maltworm. _La bave d’un —_; toad-spittle. _C’est un vilain —_; he is a mean, despicable fellow. _Il est chargé d’argent comme un — de plumes_; all the money he has he can put in his eye. _— de gouvernail_; (nav.) goose-neck. _— de mer_; toad-fish; hog-fish. _— pécheur_; fishing frog. _— volant_; churn-owl. _— de timon_; pole-end (of a carriage).

*=crapaudaille=, _n.f._, a gang of vagabonds, riff-raff. _V._ =crépodaille=.

=crapaudière=, _n.f._, toad-hole; (fig.) low, swampy place.

=crapaudine=, _n.f._, (min.) bufonite, toad-stone, wolf’s-tooth; leaden grating; valve of an escape pipe; (vet.) crepane, crack; (bot.) sideritis, iron-wort; (mec.) socket. _À la —_; cut open and broiled; spatch-cocked.

=crapelet=, _n.m._, young toad; toadlet.

=crapone=, _n.f._, (horl.) square flat file.

=crapoussin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, scrubby little man _or_ woman, dwarf, bloated little shrimp.

=crapule=, _n.f._, low vulgar debauchery; intemperance; gluttony, drunkenness; low, debauched people; blackguards.

=crapuler=, _v.n._, to live in vice, to fuddle or drink hard, to give one’s self up to all sorts of low debauchery.

=crapuleusement=, _adv._, dissolutely.

=crapuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, drunken, intemperate, vulgar, debauched; grossly vicious, dissolute.

=craque=, _n.f._, fib, humbug, fudge, bouncer. _int._, crack, bang.

=craquelé=, =-e=, _adj._, crackled, fissured (of china).

=craqueler=, _v.n._, to crack; to crackle (of china).

=craquelin= (kra-klin), _n.m._, cracknel.

=craquelot= (kra-klo), _n.m._, red-herring.

=craqueloti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère= (kra-klo-tièr), _n.f._, herring-curer.

=craquelure=, _n.f._, fissure, crack (in china).

=craquement= (krak-mān), _n.m._, crack, cracking noise, crunching; crepitation, creaking, snapping (of trees, boughs). _Un — de dents_; a chattering of the teeth.

=craquer=, _v.n._, to creak, to crunch, to crack, to crackle, to snap; to chatter (of the teeth); to tell a lie, to boast, to draw the long bow. _Faire — ses doigts_; to make one’s fingers snap.

=craquerie=, _n.f._, cracking, boasting, drawing the long bow, fiction, story, fib, fudge.

=craquètement=, _n.m._, crackling; gabbling (of the stork and other birds).

=craqueter= (kra-kté), _v.n._, to crackle, to crepitate; to gabble (of some birds). _Le laurier craquète au feu_; laurel crackles in the fire.

=craquette=, _n.f._, notch (of a tailor); scum (on melted butter).

=craqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, noisy, boasting fellow; bouncer, braggart.

=crase=, _n.f._, (gram.) crasis, contraction of two syllables into one; (med.) crasis.

=crasiologie=, _n.f._, crasiology.

=crassane=, _n.f._, cresane (a sort of pear).

=crasse=, _n.f._, dirt, filth, scurf; squalor; niggardliness, stinginess; coat of filth, layer of dirt; rusticity, bad manners; (of coals) ashes, cinders. _— de la tête_; dandruff. _La — des métaux_; the dross, scum, scale, of metals.

=crasse=, _adj._, gross, thick, coarse, crass. _Une ignorance —_; gross or crass ignorance.

=crasser=, _v.a._, to foul, to dirty (of fire-arms).

_se_ =crasser=, _v.r._, to become foul (of fire-arms).

=crasseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dirty, filthy, nasty, squalid, rusty; sordid, stingy, mean. _Cheveux —_; greasy hair.

=crasseu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sloven, slut; niggard, miser, skinflint. _Un —_; a filthy fellow.

=crassule=, _n.f._, (bot.) crassula.

=cratère=, _n.m._, (geol.) crater; (antiq.) bowl, cup; (astron.) Crater, Cup.

=craticulation=, _n.f._, (paint.) squaring.

=craticuler=, _v.a._, (paint.) to square. _V._ =graticuler=.

=cratirites=, _n.f.pl._, wild Grecian figs.

=craupécherot= _or_ =corbeau pêcheur=, _n.m._, (orni.) bald-buzzard, osprey, fishing-eagle.

=cravache=, _n.f._, horsewhip, riding-whip.

=cravan=, _n.m._, (orni.) brent-barnacle, brand-goose, brent.

=cravate=, _n.f._, cravat, neck-tie, neckcloth, neckerchief; (of curtains) band. _— d’un drapeau_; knot of a flagstaff. _— longue_; scarf.

=cravate=, _n.m._, Croat; Croatian horse. _Régiment de —s_; formerly regiment of light cavalry; regiment of Croats. _adj._, Croatian. _Cheval —_; Croatian horse.

=cravater=, _v.a._, to put any one’s neck-tie on for him; to go round the neck; to fit.

_se_ =cravater=, _v.r._, to put on one’s neck-tie.

=crayère=, _n.f._, chalk-pit.

=crayeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chalky.

=crayon=, _n.m._, chalk; pencil; pencil drawing, portrait in crayons; description of a person, manner, style; sketch, rough-draft, outline. _— noir_; blacklead-pencil. _— d’ardoise_; slate-pencil. _— de pastel_; pastel, crayon. _Affûter un —_, _donner une pointe à un —_; to point a pencil. _Au —_; in pencil.

=crayonner=, _v.a._, to draw with a pencil; to sketch rudely or imperfectly; to sketch, to trace the outline, to chalk, to delineate; to paint badly.

=crayonneur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) dauber.

=crayonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chalky.

=cré=, _adj._, abbreviation of _sacré_.

=créadier=, _n.m._, sort of drag-net.

=créance=, _n.f._, credence, credit, trust, belief; debt, money owing; influence; (hunt.) command. _Lettres de —_; letter of credence, credentials. _Lettre de —_; letter of credit. _Donner — à une chose_; to give credit to a thing. _Chien de bonne —_; dog well in hand. _Oiseau de peu de —_; (hawking) bird that will not come back to its master.

=créanci-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, creditor; (jur.) covenantee, obligee. _— hypothécaire_; mortgagee. _— importun_; dun.

=créat=, _n.m._, (man.) riding-master’s assistant.

=créateur=, _n.m._, creator, maker.

=créat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, creative, creating, inventive. _Il a le génie —_; he has an inventive genius.

=créatine=, _n.f._, (chem.) creatine.

=création=, _n.f._, creation; production; foundation; establishment.

=créature=, _n.f._, creature; thing; dependant, tool.

☉=crébèbe=, _n.m._ _V._ =cubèbe=.

=crécelle=, _n.f._, rattle.

=crécerelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) kestrel, windhover.

=crèche=, _n.f._, crèche, manger, crib; day-nursery; foundling-hospital; (arch.) starling.

=crédence=, _n.f._, credence, credence-table; buttery, pantry, safe.

=crédencier=, _n.m._, pantler, clerk of the buttery, buttery-keeper.

=crédibilité=, _n.f._, credibility.

=crédit=, _n.m._, credit; trust; authority, interest, influence, patronage, sway, power; repute, esteem, name, vogue, favor, request. _Lettre de —_; letter of credit. _Faire —_, _vendre_, _donner_, _à —_; to credit, to give trust, to give credit. _Ouvrir un — à quelqu’un_; to open an account with any one. _Il a bon —_; his credit is good. _Avoir — en banque_; to have funds in the bank. _Faire — de la main à la bourse_; to trust no farther than one can see. _— est mort_; old Trust is dead. _Cela l’a mis en —_; that brought him into repute. _Être en grand —_; to be in high repute. _À —_; on credit, on trust; to no purpose; gratuitously, without proof, without ground, at random. _Avoir du —_; to have influence.

=créditer=, _v.a._, to trust; to enter upon the credit side (of an account), to credit. _Être crédité sur une ville_; to have letters of credit on a town.

=créditeur=, _n.m._, creditor.

=créditeur=, _adj._ _Compte —_; creditor’s account.

=credo=, _n.m._, (_—_) creed, belief.

=crédule=, _adj._, credulous, easy of belief.

=crédulement=, _adv._, with credulity, credulously.

=crédulité=, _n.f._, credulity.

=créer=, _v.a._, to create; to invent; to imagine; to produce; to beget; to appoint; to establish. _— un chevalier_; to dub a knight. _— une rente_; to invest funds for an annuity. _Se — des moyens_; to find means. _Se — des ressources_; to find resources.

*=crémaillère=, _n.f._, hook, pot-hanger, pot-hook; (horl.) rack; (tech.) rack, toothed rack. _La — d’une cric_; the rack of a screw-jack. _Chaise à —_; spring-back chair. _Pendre la —_; to give a house-warming. _Aller pendre la —_; to go to a house-warming.

*=crémaillon=, _n.m._, small pot-hook.

=crémaster=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) cremaster.

=crémation=, _n.f._, cremation.

=crème=, _n.f._, cream; the best part of a thing, the cream. _— fouettée_; whipt cream. _Fromage à la —_; cream-cheese. _— de tartre_; cream of tartar. _Pot à —_; cream-jug.

=crément=, _n.m._, (gram.) increase (of a word).

=crémer=, _v.n._, to cream, to gather cream.

=crémerie=, _n.f._, milk-shop, dairy.

=crémeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, creamy.

=crémi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, milkman, milk-woman; dairy man or woman. _f._, cream-jug, milk-jug.

*=crémillée=, _n.f._, ward (of a lock).

=crémone=, _n.m._, a Cremona violin.

=crémone=, _n.f._, window-fastening, spring.

=crénage=, _n.m._, (letter-founding) kerning.

=créné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) crenated, indented.

=créneau=, _n.m._, battlement; embrasure; loop-hole.

=crénelage=, _n.m._, (coin.) milling.

=crénelé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, (her.) embattled; loop-holed; indented, notched; (of wheels) cogged; (of coins) milled; (bot.) denticulated, crenated.

=créneler= (kré-n-lé), _v.a._, to embattle; to loop-hole; to indent, to notch. _— une roue_; to tooth, to cog, a wheel. _— une pièce de monnaie_; to mill a piece of money.

=crénelure= (kré-n-lur), _n.f._, crenelation; notching; (anat.) indentation; (bot.) crenature; crenel.

=créner=, _v.a._, (type-founding) to kern.

=crénerie=, _n.f._, (type-founding) kerning.

=crénilabre=, _n.m._, (ich.) gold-finny.

=crénom=, _int._, by George! by Jove! hang it!

=crénon=, _n.m._, first splitting of a block of slate.

=crénulé=, =-e=, _adj._, notched, indentated; crenulate.

=crénure=, _n.f._, (print.) hole in the bar of a frame.

=créole=, _n.m.f._, Creole; West Indian.

=créosote=, _n.f._, (chem.) creosote.

=crêpage=, _n.f._, glossing of crape; crisping.

=crêpe=, _n.m._, crape; (fig.) vail. _Il porte un — à son chapeau_; he wears a crape hat-band. _— crêpé_; crisped crape. _— lisse_; smooth crape.

=crêpe=, _n.f._, pancake.

=crêper=, _v.a._, to crisp, to crape, to frizzle. _Cheveux crêpés_; frizzed hair.

=crépi=, _n.m._, rough-cast, parget.

_saint_-=crépin=, _n.m._, Saint Crispin; kit (of a journeyman shoemaker). _Perdre son saint-—_; to lose one’s all.

=crépine=, _n.f._, fringe (woven on the top); caul covering the bowels of sheep. _À —_; fringy.

=crépir=, _v.a._, to parget, to rough-cast, to plaster. _— le cuir_; to work leather in grain, to pummel a hide on the flesh side. _— le crin_; to crisp hair.

=crépissage=, _n.m._, (mas.) plastering, pargeting, rough-casting.

=crépissement=, _n.m._, pargeting, rough-casting; parget.

=crépissure=, _n.f._, pargeting, rough-casting.

=crépitant=, =-e=, _adj._, crepitating, crackling.

=crépitation=, _n.f._, _or_ =crépitement=, _n.m._, crepitation, crackling.

=crépodaille= _or_ =crapaudaille=, _n.f._, thin crape, gauze-crape.

=crépon=, _n.m._, crepon, frizette, rouge-puff, hair-pad.

=crépu=, =-e=, _adj._, crisped, frizzled, crisp, crispy, woolly. _Les nègres ont les cheveux —s_; negroes have woolly hair.

=crépusculaire=, _adj._, crepuscular. _Lumière —_; twilight.

=crépuscule=, _n.m._, crepuscule, twilight; dawn. _— du soir_; owl-light, twilight.

=créque=, _n.f._, sloe.

=créquier=, _n.m._, sloe tree.

=cresane=, _n.f._ _V._ =crassane=.

=crescendo=, _adv._, (mus.) crescendo.

=créseau=, _n.m._, species of woolen stuff, kersey.

=cresserelle=, _n.f._ _V._ =crécerelle=.

=cresson=, _n.m._, cress, cresses, water-cress. _— alénois_, _de jardin_; dittander; garden-cress. _— doré_; golden saxifrage. _— des prés_; lady’s smock. _— sauvage_; water-plantain. _— de rivière_; water-rocket.

=cressonnière=, _n.f._, cress-bed.

=crésus=, _n.m._, (_—_) very rich man. _C’est un —_; he is a very Crœsus.

=crétacé=, =-e=, _adj._, cretaceous.

=crête=, _n.f._, crest, tuft, comb of a cock or hen; top-knot; (anat.) ridge; (arch.) ridge; top; bank; coping. _— de morue_; head-piece (of a cod). _Lever la —_; to be conceited; to hold one’s head high. _Baisser la —_; to come down a peg. _Rabaisser la — à quelqu’un_; to bring anyone down a peg. _— d’un fossé_; bank on the side of a ditch. _— d’une montagne_; ridge of a mountain. _— d’une grosse vague_; crest of a billow. _— marine_; samphire. _— de coq_; cock’s-comb; hog’s-ear shell. _Crête-de-coq_, (_—s-—_) louse-wort.

=crêté=, =-e=, _adj._, crested, tufted.

=crételer=, _v.n._, (of hens) to cackle.

=crétin=, _n.m._, (med.) cretin; idiot, dunce. _C’est un —_; he is a dunce.

=crétiniser=, _v.a._, to brutalize, to brutify, to make an idiot of.

_se_ =crétiniser=, _v.r._, to become brutified; to become stupid.

=crétinisme=, _n.m._, cretinism, idiocy.

=crétique=, _adj._, cretic.

=crétois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Cretan.

=cretonne=, _n.f._, fine linen, long-cloth, cretonne.

=cretons=, _n.m.pl._, residuum of melted tallow and kitchen-stuff; graves. _— de lard_; scrapings.

=creusage=, _n.m._, deepening, hollowing; plowing; digging.

=creusement= (kreuz-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) digging; excavation, hollowing, deepening.

=creuser=, _v.a._, to dig, to delve; to hollow, to make hollow, to excavate, to scoop out; to sink, to deepen. _— la terre_; to dig the ground. _— un fossé_; to dig a ditch. _— un puits_; to sink a well. _— une question_; to examine a question thoroughly.

_se_ =creuser=, _v.r._, to become hollow. _Se — le cerveau_; to rack one’s brain.

=creuser=, _v.n._, to dig. _— sous terre_; to dig underground. _— bien avant_; to dig deep.

=creuset=, _n.m._, crucible, melting-pot; (chem.) test, trial. _Passer par le —_; to assay, to refine.

=creux=, _n.m._, hollow, cavity; pit, hole, chasm; gutter, delve; mold; mortar, trough; pit of the stomach. _— planté d’arbres_; dell planted with trees. _— profond dans une mine_; groove in a mine. _Le — de la main_; the hollow of the hand. _Il a un bon —_; he has a fine bass voice. _— d’un vaisseau_ (nav.); depth of a ship’s hold. _— d’une voile_; cavity of a sail (which retains the wind).

=creu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hollow, cavernous; deep; empty, unsubstantial, airy, fantastical, chimerical, extravagant. _Des yeux —_; eyes sunk in the head. _Avoir les joues —ses_; to have hollow cheeks. _Il a le ventre —_; his belly is empty. _Un fossé — de trois pieds_; a ditch three feet deep. _Esprit —_; _cerveau —_; cracked-brain, empty head. _Pensées —ses_; airy notions. _Viande —se_; frothy, unsubstantial food. _Songer —_; to be in a brown study.

=crevaille=, _n.f._, guzzling, gormandizing, stuffing; tuck out, blow out.

=crevaison=, _n.m._, puncture (bicycle).

=crevasse=, _n.f._, crevice, chink, rift, crack; gap, cranny; (vet.) malt-worm, cratches. _Des —s aux mains_; chaps.

=crevasser=, _v.a._, to split, to crack; to chap; to make cracks.

_se_ =crevasser=, _v.r._, to crack, to split, to gape, to become chapped.

=crevé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) very fat man; bloated fellow. _Petit —_; fast young fellow; one used up, done up.

=crevé=, _n.m._, opening, slash (in sleeves).

=crève-cœur=, _n.m._, (_—_) heart-break, heart-breaking thing, heart-sore; heart-rending thing.

=crever=, _v.a._, to burst, to break, to split, to crack, to rift, to tear, to rend; to stave in; to cram any one with victuals. _— une botte_; to burst a boot. _— les yeux à quelqu’un_; to put out any one’s eyes. _— un cheval_; to kill a horse. _Cela vous crève les yeux_; that lies under your very nose (_i.e._, is obvious, self-evident).

=crever=, _v.n._, to burst; to die, to perish. _C’est une médecine à faire — un cheval_; this medicine is enough to kill a horse. _— de graisse_; to be extremely fat. _— de chaud_; to be dying with heat. _— de rire_; to split one’s sides with laughing. _— de faim_; to be dying with hunger. _— d’orgueil_; to be bursting with pride. _— de biens_; to wallow in wealth.

_se_ =crever=, _v.r._, to burst; to kill oneself. _Se — de boire et de manger_; to cram or stuff till one is ready to burst. _Se — de travail_; to overwork oneself.

=crevet=, _n.m._, stay-lace with tags at both ends.

=crevette=, _n.f._, prawn, shrimp.

=cri=, _n.m._, cry; scream; screaming; roar, roaring; bawling, howling, yell, yelling, outcry, clamor; whine, whining; squeak, squeaking; opinion. _— de joie_, _— d’allégresse_; shout, shouting, hallooing, huzza, acclamation. _— aigre_, _aigu_, _perçant_; scream, shriek, squeak, shrill cry. _Les —s des femmes_; the squalling of women. _— de guerre_; watchword. _— d’armes_; (her.) motto. _Jeter un —_, _faire des —s_, _pousser un —_; to utter a cry, to cry out lustily; to raise an outcry; to complain loudly. _Demander à grands —s_; to demand with a loud voice. _Je poussai un grand —_; I shrieked out. _Jeter les hauts —s_; to cry out. _Le — de la nature_; the voice of nature. _Donner du — à la soie_; to sulphur silk. _À cor et à —s_; with hue and cry. _Il n’y a qu’un — sur son compte_; there is only one opinion about him.

=criage=, _n.m._, public crying.

*=criaillement=, _n.m._, act of wrangling; brawling; (of geese) gabbling.

*=criailler=, _v.n._, to bawl, to brawl, to cry, to clamor; to scold, to chide; (of geese) to gabble.

*=criaillerie=, _n.f._, brawling, clamoring, scolding, wrangling.

*=criailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, brawler, bawler, wrangler; shrew, scold.

=criant=, =-e=, _adj._, crying; glaring, shocking, shameful; noisy. _Injustice —e_; crying, daring injustice.

=criard=, =-e=, _adj._, crying, bawling, squalling, noisy; brawling, clamorous, scolding; (paint.) discordant; shrill. _Dettes —es_; dribbling or small debts. _Voix —e_; shrill voice.

=criard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, brawler, clamorer; scold, shrew.

=criarde=, _n.f._, thick gummed cloth; varnished cloth.

=criblage=, _n.m._, sifting.

=crible=, _n.m._, sieve; riddle. _Percé comme un —_; as full of holes as a sieve; riddled.

=cribler=, _v.a._, to sift, to riddle; to scan, to examine; to pepper (a person). _— de coups_; to shoot, run, or stab through and through. _Criblé de mitraille_; riddled with shot. _Criblé de dettes_; over head and ears in debt.

=cribleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sifter.

=cribleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (anat.) pierced like a sieve, sieve-like.

=criblier=, _n.m._, sieve-maker.

=criblure=, _n.f._, siftings.

=cribration=, _n.f._, (chem.) cribration.

=cribriforme=, _adj._, cribriform.

=cric= (krî), _n.m._, lifting-jack, screw-jack, hand-screw; little ratchet-wheel on which the braces of carriages are fixed. _— à baril_; tilting-jack.

=cric-crac= (krik-krak), (_onomatopœia_) imitation of the creaking noise produced by breaking or tearing.

=cricoïde=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) cricoid.

=cri-cri=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (pop.) (ent.) cricket; (ornith.) bunting.

=crid= (krid), _n.m._ _V._ =criss=.

=criée=, _n.f._, proclamation of sale; auction. _Sa maison est en —_; his house is to be sold by auction. _Audience des —s_; auction mart. _À la —_; by auction.

=crier=, _v.n._, to cry, to cry out, to halloo, to shout, to bawl; to scream, to shriek, to screech; to squall, to clamor; to squeak; to call out; to whine, to pule; to complain loudly, to brawl, to exclaim; to scold; to huzza, to talk loudly; to gabble (of geese); to screech (of owls); to troat (of deer); to chirp (of grasshoppers and other insects); to groan (of roe-bucks); to creak (of doors). _— aux armes_; to cry to arms. _— au secours_; to call out for help. _— au meurtre_; to cry out murder. _— au voleur_; to cry out thief. _— au feu_; to cry out fire. _— à l’injustice_; to exclaim against an injustice. _— au scandale_; to inveigh against a scandal. _— gare_; to cry out beware! take care. _— misère_; to plead poverty. _— miséricorde_; to cry for mercy. _— famine_; to cry out famine. _— à tue-tête_, _comme un perdu_; to cry out; to shriek at the top of one’s voice or as loud as one can. _— bien fort_; to cry out lustily. _Les boyaux lui crient_; his bowels rumble. _Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche_; he cries before he is hurt. _Tout le monde crie contre cela_; everybody cries out against it.

=crier=, _v.a._, to proclaim; to cry; to hawk; to put up for sale; to publish, to blazon. _Cet enfant est perdu, il faut le faire —_; the child is lost, we must have him cried. _Faites — ce paquet de livres_; put up this lot of books.

=crierie= (kri-rî), _n.f._, bawling, clamor; wrangling; scolding, brawling.

=crieu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, bawling man or woman, squaller, bawler; crier; auctioneer; hawker. _— public_; town-crier.

=crime=, _n.m._, crime; sin, transgression, offense, felony; guilt, guiltiness, wickedness, sinfulness. _— d’Etat_; treason. _— de lèse-majesté_; high treason. _— capital_; capital offense, crime; (jur.) felony. _— dénaturé_; unnatural crime. _— abominable_; base, foul crime. _— qualifié_; indictable offense. _Faire un — à quelqu’un de_; to impute as a crime to any one. _Être porté au —_; to be prone to crime. _Endurci dans le —_; hardened in crime.

=criminaliser=, _v.a._, to remove a cause from a civil to a criminal court.

=criminaliste=, _n.m._, writer on criminal law.

=criminalité=, _n.f._, criminality.

=criminel=, =-le=, _adj._, criminal, felonious, guilty, unlawful. _Juge —_; a judge that tries criminal cases. _Chambre —le_, _cour —le_; criminal court.

=criminel=, _n.m._, =-le=, _n.f._, criminal, culprit, offender, felon. _m._, criminal affair, proceedings before a criminal court. _— d’état_; state criminal. _Au —_; in criminal matters, criminally.

=criminellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, criminally, culpably, guiltily.

=crin=, _n.m._, hair (of the mane and tail of the horse and other animals); horse-hair; abrupt termination of a metallic vein. _Un sommier_ or _matelas de —_; horse-hair mattress. _Se prendre aux —s_; to seize one another by the hair. _A tous —s_; with flowing mane and tail; (fig.) a zealous, indefatigable worker.

=crinal=, _n.m._, (surg.) Anel’s probe.

=crincrin=, _n.m._, (_onomatopœia_), screeching fiddle; scraper; scraping (of fiddles).

=crinier=, _n.m._, horse-hair worker, chair stuffer.

=crinière=, _n.f._, lion’s mane, horse’s mane. _Vilaine —_; ugly head of hair; shock.

=crinoline=, _n.f._, crinoline.

=crinon=, _n.m._, crinodes. (_pl._)

=criocère= _or_ =porte-croix=, (_—_) _n.m._, (ent.) crioceris.

=crique=, _n.f._, creek, cove; flaw, crack.

=criquer=, _v.n._, to crack, to chink (of metals).

=criquet=, _n.m._, bad horse, tit; little man; (ent.) gryllus, locust.

=crise=, _n.f._, crisis; fit, convulsion. _L’affaire est dans sa —_; the matter is come to a crisis. _— de nerfs_; fit of hysteria.

=crispation=, _n.f._, crispation, shriveling; thrilling sensation. _Donner des —s à quelqu’un_; to put any one on thorns.

=crisper=, _v.a._, to shrivel, to contract, to make shrink; to thrill, to make thrill, to thrill through; to irritate (the nerves); to give any one the fidgets, to fidget.

_se_ =crisper=, _v.r._, to shrivel, to shrivel up.

=crispin=, _n.m._, valet (in Molière’s comedies). _C’est un —_; he looks like a valet. _Jouer les —s_; (thea.) to perform the parts of valets.

=criss=, _n.m._, creese, Malay dagger.

=crissement=, _n.m._, grating of the teeth.

=crisser=, _v.n._, to grate (of the teeth).

=cristal=, _n.m._, (_cristaux_) crystal. _pl._, crystal ware, cut glass dishes, _— de roche_; rock crystal. _— de mine_; quartz. _Le — de l’eau_; the limpidity of water. _Le Palais de —_; the Crystal Palace.

=cristallerie= (-tèl-rî), _n.f._, glass-cutting; crystal manufactory; glass-house, glassworks.

=cristallier=, _n.m._, glass-cutter.

=cristallière=, _n.f._, crystal mine.

=cristallin=, =-e=, _adj._, crystalline; pellucid.

=cristallin=, _n.m._, (anat.) crystalline lens; (astron.) crystalline heaven.

☉=cristallin=, _n.m._, colored transparent crystals.

=cristallisable=, _adj._, crystallizable.

=cristallisant=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) crystallizing.

=cristallisation=, _n.f._, crystallizing, crystallization.

=cristalliser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to crystallize; to be converted into crystal. _— la soie_; to let the alum settle upon the silk.

_se_ =cristalliser=, _v.r._, to crystallize; to candy.

=cristallisoir=, _n.m._, crystallizing-pan, crystallizer.

=cristallographie=, _n.f._, crystallography.

=cristalloïde=, _n.f._, crystalloid membranous capsule containing the crystalline lens of the eye.

=cristallotechnie= (-tèk-nî), _n.f._, art of crystallizing salts.

=crístallotomíe=, _n.f._, the art of cutting crystals.

=criste-marine=, _n.f._ _V._ =passe-pierre=.

=criterium= (-om), _n.m._, criterion, standard, test; touchstone. _L’évidence est le — de la vérité_; evidence is the criterion of truth.

=critiquable=, _adj._, that may be criticised, censurable; exceptionable.

=critique=, _n.m._, critic; censurer, censorious person, carper. _— fâcheux_; fault-finder.

=critique=, _n.f._, criticism, censure; science of criticism, critique; critical taste. _La —_; the critics. _Faire de la —_; to write criticisms. _Faire la — d’un ouvrage_; to criticise, to review, a work.

=critique=, _adj._, critical; censorious, carping, censuring; alarming; ticklish; momentous. _Humeur —_; censorious temper. _Signes —s_; critical symptoms. _Pouls —_; alarming pulse.

=critiquer=, _v.a._, to criticise, to examine; to censure, to reflect on, to blame, to find fault with.

=critiqueur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, criticiser, fault-finder, carper.

=croassement= (kro-as-mān), _n.m._, croak, croaking, cawing (of crows).

=croasser=, _v.n._, to croak, to caw (of crows).

=croate=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Croatian.

=croc= (krô), _n.m._, hook; crook, grapnel, drag; fang, tusk; canine tooth; dog-tooth; tooth; (l.u.) curling moustache; (nav.) boat-hook. _— de batelier_; waterman’s pole. _— de candelette_; hook of the forecastle. _— à trois branches_; grapnel with three hooks. _— de capon_; cat-hook. _— de palan_; tackle-hook. _Mettre_, _pendre_, _au —_; to put, to lay, on the shelf, to lay by. _Mettre les armes au —_; to give up the army. _Moustaches en —_; curling moustache.

=croc= (krock), _n.m._, crackling, crackling noise. _Faire — sous la dent_; to crackle under the teeth.

=croc-en-jambe= (kro-kān-), _n.m._, (_—s-—_) trip up; Cornish hug; dirty trick. _Donner un — à quelqu’un_; to trip up anyone’s heels; to supplant anyone, to play anyone a dirty trick.

=croche=, _adj._, crooked, bent. _Avoir la main —_; (fig.) to be grasping.

=croche=, _n.f._, (mus.) quaver. _Double —_; semiquaver. _Triple —_; demi-semiquaver. _Quadruple —_; hemi-demi-semiquaver. _Chanter par —_; to semiquaver.

=crocher=, _v.a._, to hook; to crook (card-teeth). _— l’organeau d’une ancre_; to fish up the anchor by the ring. _Se —_; to have a set-to; to come to blows.

=crocher=, _v.n._, (agri.) to produce, to bear. _Les arbres crochent bien_; the trees are full of bearers.

=croches=, _n.f.pl._, smith’s tongs.

=crochet=, _n.m._, hook; steelyard; two-pronged hoe; turn (on a road); (surg.) key, crotchet; (erpetology) fang; (arch.) crocket; (anat.) dog-tooth, canine tooth; (dental surg.) wire; ☉heart-breaker (of curls). _pl._, fangs, tusks; crotchets; braces. _— d’une porte_; hasp, clasp. _Clou à —_; tenter-hook. _Des ouvrages au —_; crotchet-work. _Un — de diamants_; a crotchet of diamonds. _— de chiffonnier_; stick with a hook at the end, used by rag-gatherers. _Un — de serrurier_; a pick-lock. _— d’arbre_; bearer. _Broder au —_; to crochet. _— de porte-faix_; porter’s knot. _Être sur les —s de quelqu’un_; to live at another person’s expense. _Je suis ici sur mes —s_; I live here upon my own hook. _— d’armes_; (nav.) hooks to support the small arms in a cabin. _— de retraite_; eye-bolts in the train of a gun-carriage. _— de bittes_; hooks to fasten the cross-piece to the bits. _— d’épontilles_; hasps of the stanchions between decks.

=crochetable=, _adj._, (of locks) pickable.

=crochetage= (krosh-taj), _n.m._, porterage, lock-picking.

=crocheter= (krosh-té), _v.a._, to pick a lock, to do crochet-work.

_se_ =crocheter=, _v.r._, (pop.) to fight (like blackguards).

=crocheteur=, _n.m._, porter, street-porter. _Injures de —_; billingsgate abuse. _— de serrure_; picklock, housebreaker.

=crochetier= (-tié), _n.m._, hook-maker, clasp-maker; maker of porters’ knots.

=crocheton=, _n.m._, small hooks; crotchets.

=crocheu=, _n.m._, a tool to bend card-teeth,.

=crochu=, =-e=, _adj._, crooked, hooked. _Il a les mains —es_; he is light-fingered.

=crocodile=, _n.m._, crocodile. _— d’Amérique_; American crocodile, alligator. _Larmes de —_; hypocritical tears.

=crocodiléen=, _n.m._, crocodilian.

=crocus= (-kus), _n.m._, crocus, saffron.

=croiler= _or_ =croler=, _v.n._, (hawking) to scour.

=croire= (croyant, cru), _v.a._, to believe, to credit, to give credit to; to have faith in, to trust to, to place reliance on; to be advised, persuaded; to think; to deem; to presume, to be of opinion. _Je le crois bien_; I really believe it. _Je n’en crois rien_; I don’t believe a word of it. _Il le croit bonnement_; he fairly believes it. _Il ne croit point_; he has no belief. _— une chose trop légèrement_; to believe something too easily. _— conseil_; to be advised. _À l’en croire, tout est perdu_; if he is to be believed, all is lost. _J’en crois à peine mes yeux_; I can hardly believe my eyes. _S’il faut en — les apparences_; if appearances are to be trusted. _Je crois pouvoir le faire_; I think I can do it. _Croyez-vous qu’il le fasse?_ do you think he will do it? _Je crois qu’il le fera_; I think he will do it. _Croyez-vous qu’il le fera?_ do you think he will do it? _Je ne le crois pas_; I do not think he will. _Il est à — qu’il le veut ainsi_; it is to be presumed that he will have it so.

=croire=, _v.n._, to believe, to have faith in, to be a believer; to trust; to credit; to be of opinion; to think; to consider. _— en Dieu_; to believe in God. _— aux revenants_; to believe in ghosts. _— aux miracles_; to believe in miracles. _Je crois bien_; I should think so! no wonder! _Je crois que non_; I believe not. _C’est à ne pas y —_; it is past belief.

_se_ =croire=, _v.r._, to think or believe one’s self, to consider one’s self; to be believed, to be credible. _Cet homme se croit habile_; that man thinks himself skillful. _Cela peut se —_; it is credible. _Il s’en croit beaucoup_; he thinks a great deal of himself. _Il se croit tout permis_; he thinks he may do anything.

=croisade=, _n.f._, crusade; (astron.) Southern Cross, Crosier.

=croisé=, =-e=, _part._, crossed; cross (of the breeds of animals); twilled, double-milled (of cloth); (min.) promiscuous. _Serge —e_; kersey. _Demeurer_, _se tenir_, _les bras —s_; to sit with folded arms, to do nothing. _Avoir les jambes —es_; to sit cross-legged. _Feux —s_; cross fire. _Rimes —s_; alternate rhymes.

=croisé=, _n.m._, Crusader; twill; crossing (a step in dancing). _Chassé —_; (fig.) change of places.

=croisée=, _n.f._, window; casement, sash; (arch.) cross-aisle, transept; (print.) cross. _— cintrée_; arched window. _—s d’ogives_; pointed arches. _— de l’ancre_; cross of the anchor.

=croisement= (croaz-mān), _n.m._, act of crossing; crossing; cross-breeding (of animals).

=croiser=, _v.a._, to cross, to lay across or cross-wise, to set across, to cross out, to strike out, to efface; to thwart; to cross (breeds of animals). _— quelqu’un_; to cross one in his designs. _Des races croisées_; mixed breeds. _Je l’ai croisé dans la rue_; I passed him in the street.

=croiser=, _v.n._, to lap over; to cruise. _— sur une côte_; to cruise along a coast.

_se_ =croiser=, _v.r._, to cross each other, to be crossed, to lie athwart each other; to intersect each other; to thwart one another; to take up the cross, to engage in the holy war. _Ces deux courriers se sont croisés_; these two messengers passed each other on the way.

=croisette=, _n.f._, crosswort; (her.) cresslet; (nav.) pin or bolt used as a fid to a flag-staff. _— noire_, _grosse —_; (bot.) cheese-rennet, ladies’ bed-straw.

=croiseur=, _n.m._, cruiser.

=croisière=, _n.f._, (nav.) cruise, cruising squadron; cruising latitude; sort of tool to mark sea-biscuit; (railways) intersection of two lines, siding.

*=croisille=, _n.f._, cross-piece.

*=croisillon=, _n.m._, cross-bar; sash-bar.

=croissance=, _n.f._, growth, increase; vegetation. _— entière_; full growth. _Arrêter dans sa —_; to stunt the growth of. _Avoir pris toute sa —_; to be full-grown.

=croissant=, _n.m._, crescent, the moon in her increase; short bout (of a violin); pruning-hook; hedge-bill, hedging-bill; (ich.) moon-fish; curtain-pin (in the form of a crescent). _En —_; lunated. _Les cornes du —_; the horns of the crescent. _L’empire du —_; the Crescent. _— de cheminée_; chimney-hook. _— de pic_ or _de gui_; (nav.) throat _or_ jaw of the gaff.

=croissant=, =-e=, _adj._, growing, increasing.

=croisure=, _n.f._, the length of the yards (of a ship); coat-staves; crossing, mill (in stuffs); (poet.) intermixture, mingling.

=croît=, _n.m._, increase (from breeding); growth.

=croître= (croissant, crû), _v.n._, to grow, to wax, to grow up, to grow tall, to spring up; to augment, to increase; to lengthen; to swell _or_ swell out, to be swollen; to multiply, to be multiplied _or_ increased; to be grown; to sprout, to shoot. _— trop rapidement_; to outgrow, to overgrow. _Les jours commencent à —_; the days begin to lengthen, to draw out. _Elle ne fait que — et embellir_; she grows handsomer every day.

=croix=, _n.f._, cross mark; rood; affliction, trouble, tribulation; star; (coin.) cross; (print.) dagger; (her.) cross. _Sainte —_; holy rood. _Les bras d’une —_; the bars of a cross. _Mettre quelque chose en —_; to put a thing cross-wise. _Avoir les jambes en —_; to sit cross-legged. _Faire le signe de la —_; to cross one’s self. _On est allé au-devant de lui avec la — et la bannière_; they went to meet him with cross and banner, with great ceremony. _Il faut faire une — à la cheminée_; we must make a cross on the chimney, we must score that up. _Jouer à — et à pile_; to play at head and tail, at pitch and toss. _— de par Dieu_, _de Jésus_; cross-row, criss-cross-row, primer, horn-book, alphabet. _— de Saint André_ or _de Bourgogne_; St. Andrew’s-cross, saltier (her.). _— de Saint Antoine_; St. Anthony’s-cross. _— de Lorraine_; cross with two bars. Grand-—; knight grand-cross. _Croix de chevalier_; (bot.) caltrops, tribulus. _— de Jérusalem_; (bot.) lychnis Chalcedonica. _— sur les câbles_; (nav.) cross in the hawse. _Mettre les vergues en —_; to square the yards. _— du Sud_, _— australe_ (astron.); Southern Cross, Crosier.

=cromlech=, _n.m._, (_—s_) cromlech.

=cromorne=, _n.f._, (mus.) krumhorn, cremona.

=crône=, _n.m._, (nav.) wheel-crane (on a wharf).

=croquade=, _n.f._, (paint.) rough sketch.

=croquant=, _n.m._, poor wretch, fellow; countryman; gristle. _pl._, name given to French peasants who rebelled under Henri IV and Louis XIII.

=croquant=, =-e=, _adj._, crisp, crackling, short, craunching. _Biscuit —_; hard biscuit. _Caractère —_; crispness.

=croquante=, _n.f._, crisp-tart; almond-cake. _à la_ =croque-au-sel=, _adv._, with salt only; (fig.) as easily as possible.

=croque-abeilles=, _n.m._, titmouse.

=croque en bouche=, _n.m._, crisp sweetmeat; crisp cake.

☉=croque-lardon=, _n.m.f._, (_—-—s_) lick-spittle; (l.ex.) lick-dish, spunger; dinner-hunter.

=croque-mitaine=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) old bogey, black bogey, bugbear.

=croque-mort=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) undertaker’s man.

=croque-note=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sorry musician, scraper, strummer, crochet-monger.

=croquer=, _v.n._, to crackle between the teeth, to craunch, to scrunch. _Être gentil à —_; to be as pretty as you like.

=croquer=, _v.a._, to craunch; to devour, to eat hastily; to make the first sketch or rough draught of a drawing or picture, to sketch; to filch, to pilfer; (nav.) to hook or grapple anything. _Il n’a fait que — ce poème_; he has only written a sketch of the poem. _— le marmot_; to dance attendance.

=croque-sol=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_). _V._ =croque-note=.

=croquet=, _n.m._, crisp biscuit.

=croquette=, _n.f._, (cook.) croquette.

=croqueur=, _n.m._, devourer, gormandizer, glutton; (l.ex.) greedy-gut, greedy-guts.

*=croquignole=, _n.f._, fillip; cracknel.

*=croquignoler=, _v.a._, to fillip.

=croquis=, _n.m._, (paint.) rough draft, outline, sketch. _Cahier de —_; sketch-book. _Faire le — d’une figure_; to sketch a figure.

=crosse=, _n.f._, (of bishops) crosier; (of muskets) but-end; bat (to play with); cricket (game). _Jouer à la —_; to play at cricket.

=crossé=, =-e=, _adj._, crosiered. _Un abbé — et mitré_; a crosiered and mitred abbot.

=crosser=, _v.a._, to beat; to scold, to treat any one with contempt; to strike a ball with a bat.

=crosser=, _v.n._, to play at cricket; to bat.

=crossette=, _n.f._, (agri.) layer; (arch.) return, ear, elbow, ancone.

=crosseur=, _n.m._, cricket-player, cricketer, hockey-player.

*=crossillon=, _n.m._, the curled end of the crosier.

=crotale=, _n.m._, (antiq.) crotalum; (zoöl.) rattle-snake.

=crotaphite=, _adj._, _n.m._, (anat.) crotaphite.

=crotte=, _n.f._, dirt, mud, mire; dung. _Il fait bien de la —_; it is very dirty. _Être dans la —_; to be in a state of squalid misery. _—s de brebis_; treadles of sheep. _—s de lapins_; crotels of a rabbit. _— de renard_; scumber.

=crotté=, =-e=, _part._, dirty, muddy, squalid; wretched, sorry. _— comme un barbet_; as dirty as a pig. _Un poète —_; a paltry poet. _Il fait bien — dans les rues_; the streets are very dirty. _— jusqu’à l’échine_; with mud up to the eyes; draggle-tailed.

=crotter=, _v.a._, to dirt, to dirty, to bemire; to daggle, to draggle, to bedraggle; to splash, to spatter, to bespatter. _Se —_; to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to draggle.

=crottin=, _n.m._, dung (of horses, sheep, etc.).

=crou=, _n.m._, (geol.) sandy, clayey soil.

=crouchaut=, _n.m._, crotch, floor-timbers of a boat or ship.

=croulant=, =-e=, _adj._, sinking, crumbling, ready to fall, tottering; tumbledown.

=croulement= (krool-mān), _n.m._, sinking, falling in or down (of a building); ruin.

=crouler=, _v.n._, to sink, to give way, to fall, to fall in, to crumble, to ruin; to go to ruin.