Chapter D (6)

=éclaireur=, _n.m._, (milit.) scout. _Aller en —_; (milit.) to scout.

=éclamé=, _adj._, broken-legged; broken-winged.

=éclanche=, _n.f._, shoulder of mutton.

=éclancher=, _v.a._, to unrumple (stuffs).

=éclat=, _n.m._, shiver; splinter (of wood, stone, brick); brightness, refulgence, radiancy, resplendency, glitter, effulgence; clap, crash, noise; luster, pomp, richness, magnificence, glory, gaudiness (of colors); rumor, uproar. _Un — de pierre_; a fragment of stone. _Un — de bombe_; a splinter of a shell. _On ne saurait soutenir l’— du soleil_; there is no bearing the glare of the sun. _L’— des yeux_; the brilliancy of the eyes. _L’— et la pompe de son style_; the splendor and pomp of his style. _Un — de rire_; a burst of laughter. _Un grand — de voix_; a loud shout. _Action d’—_; splendid achievement; brilliant action. _Des personnes d’—_; eminent persons. _Cette action a fait —_; that action has made a great deal of noise. _Voler en —s_; to be shivered, to fly into a thousand pieces.

=éclatant=, =-e=, _adj._, bright, sparkling, glittering, brilliant, radiant, dazzling, striking, gorgeous, effulgent, shining, signal, glorious; piercing, loud, shrill. _Tout — de lumière_; all radiant with light. _Son —_; shrill sound. _Bruit —_; crash. _Actions —es_; brilliant exploits. _Vengeance —e_; signal vengeance.

=éclater=, _v.n._, to split, to shiver, to break in pieces, to burst; to crack, to clap; to cry out, to exclaim against, to fly into, to break out _or_ forth; to blaze out; to shine, to sparkle, to glitter, to flash, to irradiate. _Une bombe éclate en tombant_; a bomb bursts on falling. _Le tonnerre vient d’—_; there has just been a clap of thunder. _— de rire_; to burst out laughing. _— en injures_; to burst forth into abuse. _L’incendie éclata pendant la nuit_; the fire broke out during the night. _Faire —_; to shiver, to shatter; to splinter; to snap, to burst, to cause to explode; to vent, to give vent to; to brighten, to blaze forth; to show, to discover, to make appear.

_s’_=éclater=, _v.r._, to split, to shiver, to fly into fragments, to burst.

=éclectique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, eclectic.

=éclectisme=, _n.m._, eclecticism.

=écli=, _n.m._, (nav.) splinter.

=éclié=, =-e=, _adj._, splintered, sprung (of masts, etc.).

=éclipse=, _n.f._, eclipse, disappearance; absence. _Faire une —_; to vanish, to disappear.

=éclipser=, _v.a._, to eclipse; to throw into the shade.

_s’_=éclipser=, _v.r._, to be eclipsed _or_ darkened, to disappear, to vanish. _Il s’éclipsa tout d’un coup_; he suddenly disappeared.

=écliptique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (astron.) ecliptic.

=éclisse=, _n.f._, (surg.) splint; splinter; cheese-wattle; stand; rib, side-piece (of violins, pails, tubs, casks, etc.)

=éclisser=, _v.a._, (surg.) to splint.

=éclogue=, _n.f._ _V._ =églogue=.

=éclopé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, cripple, halt; footsore, lame, badly hurt. _Il est tout —_; he is quite lame.

=écloper=, _v.a._, to lame; to make lame; footsore. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become lame, footsore.

=éclore=, _v.n._, to hatch; to blow, to open; to break, to dawn. _Les poulets commencent à —_; the chickens are beginning to pierce the shell. _Faire — des oiseaux_; to hatch birds; (fig.) to bring to light, to usher in; to give birth to, to produce, to bring out; to blow, open.

=éclosion=, _n.f._, hatching; blowing, opening.

=écluse=, _n.f._, lock, guard-lock, sluice, dam, mill-dam, wear, weir, flood-gate. _— de moulin_; mill-gate. _— à sas_; lift-lock. _— à vannes_; sliding flood-gate. _Déversoir à —_; weir. _— à marée montante_; tide-gate.

=éclusée=, _n.f._, sluice-full of water; lockage.

=écluser=, _v.a._, to build locks; to take a boat through a lock.

=éclusier=, _n.m._, sluice-man, lock-keeper.

=écobuage=, _n.m._, (agri.) weeding, burning of weeds.

=écobue=, _n.f._, weeder, turfing iron.

=écobuer=, _v.a._, to weed a field and burn the weeds.

=écœurement=, _n.m._, disgust; sickening; anguish of heart.

=écœurer=, _v.a._, to disgust; to sicken; (fig.) to shock; to dishearten.

=écofrai= _or_ =écofroi=, _n.m._, (tech.) cutting-board.

=écoinçon= _or_ =écoinson=, _n.m._, (mas., carp.) diagonal, angle-tie; angle stuff-bead; (carp.) jamb (of doors); (carp.) reveal (of windows).

=écolage=, _n.m._, schooling.

=écolâtre=, _n.m._, (theol.) doctor, teacher.

=école=, _n.f._, school; college; scholastic philosophy; sect; training, practice; blunder. _Petite —_; day-school. _Maître d’—_; schoolmaster. _Camarade d’—_; schoolfellow. _— de droit_; law-school. _— de marine_; naval school. _— d’équitation_, _— de natation_; riding-school, swimming-school. _— communale_; parish-school. _Cela sent l’—_; that savors of pedantry. _Faire —_; to be at the head of a school _or_ sect; _or_ to be fundamental (of a doctrine); to found a school (of art, literature). _Dire les nouvelles de l’—_; to tell tales out of school. _Faire l’— buissonnière_; to play truant. _Faire une —_; (backgammon) to blunder in pegging one’s points. _Envoyer à l’—_; to peg. _Faire une —_; to commit a stupid blunder. _Basse —_; ordinary horsemanship. _Haute —_; high horsemanship.

=écoli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, schoolboy, schoolgirl, pupil, scholar, learner, a tyro. _En —_; boy-like. _Prendre le chemin des —s_; to go a roundabout way; to loiter. _Ce n’est qu’un —_; he is but a novice. _Tour d’—_; schoolboy trick. _Papier —_; exercise-paper.

=écolleter=, _v.a._, to cut off, to round off.

=éconduire=, _v.a._, to show out; to bow out; to dismiss; to put off, to refuse, to deny. _Il nous éconduit poliment_; he gives us a polite refusal.

=économat=, _n.m._, stewardship; bursarship; bursary; steward’s _or_ bursar’s office.

=économe=, _adj._, economical, saving, thrifty. _C’est une femme —_; she is a thrifty woman. _Être — de louanges_; to be sparing of praise.

=économe=, _n.m.f._, steward, housekeeper, manager, economist, purser, bursar, treasurer (of colleges, hospitals).

=économie=, _n.f._, economy; thrift. _Vivre avec —_; to live economically. _Faire des —s_; to put by money, to save money. _L’— de l’univers_; the disposition of the universe. _L’— du corps humain_; the harmony of the human body. _L’— d’un discours_; the management _or_ disposition of a speech. _Il n’y a pas de petites —s_; a penny saved is a penny earned, _or_ take care of the pence, etc.

=économique=, _adj._, economic, economical, cheap. _Ménage —_; economical housekeeping. [_Economique_ is applied to things only: as, _fourneau —_; fuel-saving stove.]

=économique=, _n.f._, economics.

=économiquement= (-mik-mān), _adv._, economically.

=économiser=, _v.a._, to economize, to save, to put by, to husband. _— ses forces_; to husband one’s strength.

=économiste=, _n.m._, economist.

=écope=, _n.f._, (nav.) scoop, skeet, ladle.

=écorce=, _n.f._, bark, rind; peel; shell; outside, surface. _Oter l’—_; to peel. _Cet homme n’a que l’—_; he is but a superficial, a shallow man. _Juger du bois par l’—_; to judge of the inside by the outside. _Entre l’arbre et l’— il ne faut pas mettre le doigt_; you should not interfere in other people’s quarrels.

=écorcement= _or_ =écorçage=, _n.m._, barking, stripping (of trees).

=écorcer=, _v.a._, to bark, to strip, to peel.

=écorché=, _n.m._, (paint.) figure without skin (for the study of the muscles).

_à_ =écorche-cul=, _adv._, (l.ex.) sliding on the ground; against the grain, unwillingly. _V._ _à_ =rebrousse-poil=.

=écorchée=, _n.f._, (conch.) conus (striated cone). _À l’—_; in lots _or_ small parcels.

=écorchement=, _n.m._, excoriation; flaying, skinning.

=écorcher=, _v.a._, to flay, to skin; to gall, to peel off, to rub off the bark; to take off the skin; to fleece. _— l’anguille par la queue_; to begin at the wrong end. _Cela écorche les oreilles_; that grates on one’s ears. _Ce procureur écorchait ses clients_; that attorney fleeced his clients. _— le français_; to speak broken French, to murder the French language. _Jamais beau parler n’écorcha la langue_; civility costs nothing. _Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche_; he cries out before he is hurt.

_s’_=écorcher=, _v.r._, to tear off one’s skin, to get skinned, to gall _or_ be galled; (fig.) to speak ill of _or_ disparage one’s self.

=écorcherie=, _n.f._, knacker’s yard; inn in which travelers are fleeced; expensive place; fleecing.

=écorcheur=, _n.m._, knacker; flayer; fleecer.

=écorchure=, _n.f._, scratch, excoriation; slight wound.

=écorner=, _v.a._, to break the horns, the corners, of; to dog’s ear; to curtail, to impair, to lessen, to diminish. _Il fait un vent à — un bœuf_; it is blowing great guns.

=écornifler=, _v.a._, to sponge upon, to hang on.

=écorniflerie=, _n.f._, sponging, hanging on.

=écornifleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sponger, hanger-on.

=écornure=, _n.f._, corner broken off, breaking at the edges, chipping.

=écossais=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Scotsman, Scotswoman; Scottish.

=écossaise=, _n.f._, Scotch plaid, plaid-stuff.

=écosser=, _v.a._, to shell, to husk (peas or beans).

=écosseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sheller.

=écot=, _n.m._, share (of a reckoning); reckoning; score; quota; company; stump (of a tree). _Payez votre —_; pay your share. _Parlez à votre —_; speak to your own company; mind your own business. _De tous —s_; meddling with everything.

=écôtage=, _n.m._, stemming (of tobacco).

=écôter=, _v.a._, to stem.

*=écouailles=, _n.f.pl._, coarsest wool, tail wool.

=écoulement= (é-kool-mān), _n.m._, flowing, running, draining; (com.) sale, output, outlet. _L’— de l’eau_; the flowing of water. _L’— de nos produits_; the sale of our commodities.

=écouler=, _v.a._, to pour away; (com.) to drain; to sell.

_s’_=écouler=, _v.r._, to run _or_ flow away; to pass away, to glide away; to slip away; (com.) to go off. _L’eau s’écoule_; water flows away. _L’argent s’écoule_; money slips away. _Le temps s’écoule_; time passes away. _Ces marchandises s’écoulent vite_; these goods sell fast, _or_ go off well, _or_ have a good sale, _or_ command a ready sale.

=écourgeon=. _V._ =escourgeon=.

=écourter=, _v.a._, to shorten, to dock, to crop; to curtail. _— un chien_; to crop a dog. _Cheval écourté_; cropped horse. _Nez écourté_; snub-nose.

=écoutant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, listener, hearer; listening, attending. _Avocat —_; briefless barrister.

=écoute=, _n.f._, hiding-place for listening; (nav.) sheet, main-sheet (cordage). _Être aux —s_; to be on the watch, on the look-out; to eavesdrop. _Entre deux —s_; both sheets aft.

=écouter=, _v.a._, to listen; to hearken; to give hearing; to hear; to pay attention to; to mind. _— à la porte_; to listen at the door. _— les avis de quelqu’un_; to listen to any one’s advice. _— raison_; to listen to reason. _Ecoutez_; hark ye, look here, come! _Il n’écoute personne_; he heeds nobody. _Ne l’écoutez pas!_ never mind him! _Se faire —_; to obtain a hearing, to enforce obedience.

_s’_=écouter=, _v.r._, to like to hear one’s self; to be over careful of one’s self; to indulge one’s self. _Il s’écoute trop_; he nurses himself too much.

=écouteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, listener. _C’est un — aux portes_; he is an eaves-dropper.

=écouteux=, _adj._, skittish, jibbing (of horses).

*=écoutille=, _n.f._, (nav.) hatchway. _Fermer les —s_; to close the hatches.

=écoutoir=, _n.m._, ear-trumpet.

*=écouvillon=, _n.m._, scovel (of ovens); swab; mop; sponge (of a cannon).

*=écouvillonner=, _v.a._, to sweep; to mop; to sponge (of a cannon).

=écran=, _n.m._, screen; hand-screen; fire-screen. _— de toilette_; splash-guard. _— en bannière_; banner screen.

=écrasage=, _n.m._, crushing; bruising.

=écrasant=, =-e=, _adj._, crushing; humiliating; exorbitant, excessive; overwhelming; ruinous.

=écrasé=, =-e=, _part._, crushed, ruined. _Nez —_; flat nose. _Taille —e_; squat figure (pers.).

=écrasement= (é-krâz-mān), _n.m._, crushing; crush; bruising; squashing; overwhelming; destruction, ruin.

=écraser=, _v.a._, to crush; to bruise; to weigh down, to overburden, to overwhelm; to bear down; to run over; to ruin; to squash. _— des groseilles_; to squash gooseberries. _J’ai manqué d’être écrasé par un carrosse_; I was near being run over by a coach. _Être écrasé de travail_; to be overwhelmed with work. _— d’impôts_; to overburden with taxes. _— ses rivaux_; to crush one’s rivals.

=écraseur=, _n.m._, crusher, bruiser; steam-roller.

=écrelet=, _n.m._, gingerbread, nut.

=écrémer=, _v.a._, to take off the cream, to skim; to take the best of.

=écrémoire=, _n.f._, skimmer; milk-skimmer.

=écrêter=, _v.a._, to sweep off the top of a work, to dismantle with shot; to cut off the comb of a cock.

=écrevisse=, _n.f._, crayfish; (astron.) Cancer. _Une — de mer_; a crawfish. _Rouge comme une —_; as red as a boiled lobster.

_s’_=écrier=, _v.r._, to cry out, to exclaim. _V._ _s’_=exclamer=.

*=écrille=, _n.f._, grate (of a fish-pond).

=écrin=, _n.m._, casket, jewel-box _or_ case.

=écrire= (écrivant, écrit), _v.a._, to write; to spell; to pen, to set down, to write word; to write to ask. _— quelque chose sur un registre_; to enter anything in a register. _Papier à —_; writing-paper. _— que_; to write to say that, to state that.

_s’_=écrire=, _v.r._, to sign one’s self, to write one’s name; to be written, to be spelled; to write to each other.

=écrit=, _n.m._, writing, written agreement; pamphlet. _Mot d’—_; short note; line; word. _Mettre_, _coucher_, _par —_; to set anything down in writing.

=écrit=, =-e=, _part._, writ, written, fated. _Cela était — au ciel_; that was written above. _Il est — que je ne gagnerai jamais_; I am fated never to win. _C’était —_; it was bound to happen.

=écriteau=, _n.m._, bill (poster); board; signboard.

=écritoire=, _n.f._, ink-horn; inkstand. _— portative_; pocket inkstand.

=écriture=, _n.f._, writing, hand, handwriting; scripture. _pl._, accounts, papers, documents, lawyer’s bills. _— coulée_; secretary-hand, running-hand. _Mauvaise —_; scrawl. _L’Ecriture sainte_; the Holy Scriptures, the Bible. _Commis aux —s_; copying clerk.

=écriturer=, _v.n._, to do copying work.

=écriturier=, =ère=, _n.m.f._, copying-clerk, copyist.

*=écrivailler=, _v.a._, to scribble.

*=écrivaillerie=, _n.f._, scribbling.

*=écrivailleur=, _n.m._ _V._ =écrivassier=.

*=écrivain=, _n.m._, writer, author; writing-master; captain’s clerk. _— public_; public scrivener, petition writer.

=écrivassier=, _n.m._, (in the Channel Isles) solicitor; scrivener.

=écriveu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, fond of _or_ always writing, scribbling.

=écrou=, _n.m._, screw nut; female screw; jail- _or_ gaol-entry. _Livre_, _registre_, _d’—_; jail- _or_ gaol-book.

=écrouelle=, _n.f._, freshwater shrimp.

=écrouelles=, _n.f.pl._, king’s evil, scrofula.

=écrouelleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._, scrofulous; person affected with the king’s evil.

=écrouer=, _v.a._, to enter in the jail- _or_ gaol-book; to imprison; to lock up.

=écroues=, _n.f.pl._, bills of expense of the royal kitchen.

=écrouir=, _v.a._, to hard-hammer (metal).

=écrouissement=, =écrouissage=, _n.m._, hammer-hardening.

=écroulé=, =-e=, _part._, fallen down, overthrown. _Un mur —_; a fallen wall. _Un empire —_; an overthrown empire.

=écroulement= (é-krool-mān), _n.m._, falling in, falling down, crumbling down; wreck, ruin.

_s’_=écrouler=, _v.r._, to fall in, to fall down, to fall to pieces; to break down; to collapse; to perish. _Cet édifice vint à s’—_; that building fell down. _La terre s’écroula_; the ground gave way. _Faire s’—_; to pull _or_ bring down.

=écroûter=, _v.a._, to cut off the crust. _S’—_; to lose its crust (of bread).

=écru=, =-e=, _adj._, unbleached, raw. _Fil —_, _soie —e_; raw thread, raw silk. _Toile —e_; brown holland.

=écrues=, _n.f.pl._, wood of new and spontaneous growth.

=ectropion=, _n.m._, (med.) eversion of the eyelids.

☉=ectype=, _n.f._, ectype.

=écu=, _n.m._, shield; ☉crown, an obsolete French coin; ☉half a crown; money, cash; copy-paper. _Amasser des —s_; to hoard up money. _C’est le père aux —s_; he is a moneyed man.

=écuage=, _n.m._, scutage, land-tax.

=écubier=, _n.m._, (nav.) hawse-hole.

*=écueil= (ékeu-i), _n.m._, reef, rock; sand-bank; breaker; peril, danger; obstacle; stumbling-block. _Donner sur un —_; to strike against a rock. _Le monde est plein d’—s_; the world is full of dangers.

=écuelle=, _n.f._, porringer, bowl, basin. _Laver les —s_; to wash the dishes. _Des lavures d’—s_; dish-water, hog-wash. _Être propre comme une — de chat_; to be filthy, very dirty.

=écuellée=, _n.f._, porringer-full, bowl-full.

=écuisser=, _v.a._, to thin (trees at the foot).

=éculer=, _v.a._, to tread down at heel.

_s’_=éculer=, _v.r._, to wear down at the heel.

=écumage=, _n.m._, skimming, scumming.

=écumant=, =-e=, _adj._, foaming; frothy, seething.

=écume=, _n.f._, froth, foam; scum, dross; dregs; slag; lather. _L’— de la mer_; the foam of the sea. _L’— de certains métaux_; the dross of certain metals. _L’— d’un cheval_; the foam of a horse. _Jeter de l’—_; to foam. _— de mer_; white talc; meerschaum; sea-ware.

=écuménicité=, _n.f._ _V._ =œcuménicité=.

=écuménique=, _adj._ _V._ =œcuménique=.

=écuméniquement=, _adv._ _V._ =œcuméniquement=.

=écumer=, _v.n._, to foam, to froth. _La mer écume_; the sea foams. _Il écumait de rage_; he was foaming with rage.

=écumer=, _v.a._, to skim; to pick up; to gather, to collect, rake up. _— le pot_; to skim the pot. _— les marmites_; to be a sponger. _— les mers_; to scour the seas.

=écumeur=, _n.m._, skimmer, collector; parasite, plagiarist. _— de marmites_; sponger, hanger-on. _— de mer_; sea-robber, sea-rover.

=écumeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, frothy, foaming.

=écumoire=, _n.f._, skimmer, scummer.

=écurage=, _n.m._, scouring, cleaning.

=écurer=, _v.a._, to scour, to cleanse. _— de la vaisselle_; to scour dishes.

*=écureuil=, _n.m._, squirrel.

=écureu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scourer of kitchen utensils. _— de puits_; well-cleanser.

=écurie=, _n.f._, stable; stabling; mews; stud; equipage. _Valet d’—_; stable-boy, groom, ostler.

=écusson=, _n.m._, escutcheon; shield, coat of arms; (arch.) knob; (hort., nav.) escutcheon.

=écussonner=, _v.a._, (hort.) to bud.

=écussonnoir=, _n.m._, (hort.) budding-knife.

=écuyer=, _n.m._, esquire, squire; equerry; riding-master; rider; wall hand-rail (of a staircase). _Il est bon —_; he is a good horseman. _— tranchant_; carver. _— de cuisine_; head cook; house-steward. _Grand —_; master of the horse.

=écuyère=, _n.f._, horsewoman, female equestrian performer. _À l’—_; in riding fashion. _Bottes à l’—_; top boots, riding boots.

=eczéma=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (med.) eczema.

=edda=, _n.f._, (_—s_) edda.

=éden= (é-dè-n), _n.m._, Eden.

=édenté=, =-e=, _adj._, toothless; (fig.) broken, edentate. _Vieille —e_; toothless hag. _Un peigne —_; a broken-toothed comb.

=édenter=, _v.a._, to wear out, to break the teeth of objects such as combs, saws, etc.; to deprive of one’s teeth; to cause any one to lose his teeth. _La vieillesse nous édente_; old age causes us to lose our teeth.

_s’_=édenter=, _v.r._, to lose its _or_ one’s teeth.

=édentés=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) edentata.

=édicter=, _v.a._, to enact, to decree. _Peines édictées par la loi_; penalties enacted by law.

=édicule=, _n.f._, small edifice, pavillon, kiosk.

=édifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, edifying.

=édificateur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) builder, constructor.

=édification=, _n.f._, building, erection; edification.

=édifice=, _n.m._, edifice, building, pile; structure, fabric.

=édifier=, _v.a._, to build, to erect, to construct; to edify, to improve, to instruct, to enlighten, to satisfy. _Il m’a édifié sur son compte_; he told me all about him.

=édile=, _n.m._, edile.

=édilité=, _n.f._, edileship.

=édit=, _n.m._, edict, decree.

=éditer=, _v.a._, to publish, to edit (of books).

=éditeur=, _n.m._, publisher.

=édition=, _n.f._, edition.

=édredon=, _n.m._, eider-down; eider-down quilt.

=éducat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._, educator; teacher; educationalist. _adj._, educative, instructing.

=éducati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, educative.

=éducation=, _n.f._, education; breeding, rearing (of animals); training; manners. _Faire l’— d’un jeune homme_; to educate a young man. _Tenir une maison d’— de demoiselles_; to keep a boarding school for young ladies. _Il n’a point d’—_; he has no breeding.

=édulcoration=, _n.f._, edulcoration; sweetening.

=édulcorer=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to edulcorate, to sweeten.

=éduquer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to bring up, to educate, children.

=éfaufiler=, _v.a._, to reeve out (of textile fabrics).

=effaçable=, _adj._, effaceable.

=effaçage=, _n.m._, effacing; erasing.

=effacement=, _n.m._, effacing, effacement; obliteration, blotting out; disappearance; humility, self-effacement; throwing back (of the shoulders). _Homme d’—_; man of retiring manner.

=effacer=, _v.a._, to efface, to expunge; to wear out; to rub out; to strike out; to blot out; to scrape out, to scratch out; to wash away, to obliterate; to eclipse, to throw into the shade; to throw back (the shoulders); to surpass, to excel, to outdo. _— ses péchés par ses larmes_; to wash out one’s sins by one’s tears.

_s’_=effacer=, _v.r._, to get obliterated; to wash out; to wear away; to keep in the background; to draw aside; to give way; to straighten one’s self; to throw one’s self well back. _Il s’effaça pour éviter le coup_; he drew aside to avoid the blow.

=effaceu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, eraser.

=effaçure=, _n.f._, blot, blotting out, obliteration, erasure.

=effaner=, _v.a._, (agri.) to strip of leaves.

=effaré=, =-e=, _part._, wild; scared; bewildered. _Un visage —_; a haggard, scared countenance.

=effarement=, _n.m._, bewilderment, distraction, terror, affright.

=effarer=, _v.a._, to terrify, to scare.

_s’_=effarer=, _v.r._, to be scared, to take fright.

=effarouchant=, =-e=, _adj._, terrifying, startling.

=effarouchement=, _n.m._, scare, fright, affright, alarm, umbrage.

=effaroucher=, _v.a._, to scare away; to startle, to shock, to give umbrage.

_s’_=effaroucher=, _v.r._, to be scared, to be startled, to take umbrage or alarm; to take fright.

=effecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, effective, real, positive; (com.) in cash. _C’est un homme —_; he is a man of his word.

=effectif=, _n.m._, (milit.) effective force; strength.

=effection=, _n.f._, (geom.) effection.

=effectivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, in effect, really, actually, indeed, in fact; and to be sure; yes, so it is.

=effectuer=, _v.a._, to effect, to execute, to accomplish; to carry out; to bring about; to work out.

_s’_=effectuer=, _v.r._, to be effected, executed, accomplished; to take place; to take effect; to be carried out.

=effémination=, _n.f._, effeminacy.

=efféminé=, =-e=, _adj._, effeminate, womanish. _Air —_; effeminate look.

=efféminer=, _v.a._, to effeminate, to enervate.

=effendi= _or_ =efendi= (è-fān-di), _n.m._, effendi (Turkish title).

=effervescence=, _n.f._, effervescence; excitement; ferment.

=effervescent=, =-e=, _adj._, effervescent, effervescing; excited, excitable.

=effet=, _n.m._, effect, consequence, result; performance, intent, execution; purpose; power (mec.); bill of exchange, bill. _pl._, goods; luggage; movables, chattels; funds; stocks. _Produire de l’—_; to make an impression. _Ces choses-là font un vilain —_; those things look bad. _Souscrire un —_; to sign a bill. _— à échoir_; running bill. _Faire les fonds d’un —_; to provide for a bill. _Faire-honneur à un —_; to honor a bill. _À double —_; double acting (mec.). _En —_; in reality, indeed. _Pour cet —_; to that end, for that purpose. _À l’— de_; to the end that, with a view to. _À quel —?_ to what purpose? to what end? _À —_; sensational, clap-trap. _Cela me fait cet —_; it seems so to me. _Faire de l’—_; to make a show; to be showy. _Faire l’— de_; to make one think of; to put one in mind. _— rétrograde_; (at billiards) screwing back. _— contraire_; screw. _— de côté_; side.

*=effeuillaison=, _n.f._, fall of the leaves.

*=effeuillement=, _n.m._, stripping off the leaves; defoliation.

*=effeuiller=, _v.a._, to strip of leaves, to pluck; to pick to pieces (a flower).

*_s’_=effeuiller=, _v.r._, to lose _or_ shed its leaves (of a tree, a flower). _Les roses s’effeuillent_; the roses are shedding their leaves.

=efficace=, _adj._, efficacious, effectual, effective.

=efficace=, _n.f._, efficacy, efficiency, virtue.

=efficacement= (-kas-mān), _adv._, efficaciously, efficiently, effectually.

=efficacité=, _n.f._, efficacy, efficiency.

=efficient=, =-e=, _adj._, efficient.

=effigie=, _n.f._, effigy. _Pendre en —_; to hang in effigy.

=effigier=, _v.a._, to make an effigy of.

=effilé=, _n.m._, fringe.

=effilé=, =-e=, _adj._, slender, slim; sharp, fine, tapering. _Avoir la taille —e_; to have a thin, slender figure.

=effiler=, _v.a._, to unweave, to ravel out, to unravel; to thin (the hair); (hunt.) to tire out the dogs.

_s’_=effiler=, _v.r._, to ravel, to ravel out, to fray out; to taper.

=effiloche=, _n.f._, untwisted silk, light refuse silk.

=effilocher= _or_ =effiloquer=, _v.a._, to ravel out, to undo.

=effiloque=, _n.f._ _V._ =effiloche=.

=effilure=, _n.f._, raveled thread.

=efflanqué=, =-e=, _adj._, lean, thin, lank, raw-boned; meager. _Style —_; meager style.

=efflanquer=, _v.a._, to make lean, to emaciate.

=effleurer=, _v.a._, to take the surface off; to pick, to pluck (flowers); to skim over, to skim the surface of, to glance at; to grace, to touch upon, to dip into.

=effleurir=, _v.a._, (chem.) to effloresce.

_s’_=effleurir=, _v.r._, to effloresce.

=efflorescence=, _n.f._, efflorescence.

=efflorescent=, =-e=, _adj._, efflorescent.

=effluence=, _n.f._, (phys.) effluence.

=effluent=, =-e=, _adj._, (phys.) effluent.

=effluve=, _n.m._, effluvium. _pl._, effluvia.

=effondrement=, _n.m._, (agri.) digging deep; trenching; falling in, sinking.

=effondrer=, _v.a._, (agri.) to dig deep, to break in, to weigh down, to sink. _— une volaille_; to draw a fowl. _— du poisson_; to gut fish.

_s’_=effondrer=, _v.r._, to fall in; to give way.

*=effondrilles=, _n.f.pl._, grounds, sediment, dregs.

_s’_=efforcer=, _v.r._, to strain, to strive, to make an effort, to exert one’s self; to struggle, to endeavor, to attempt.

=effort=, _n.m._, effort, exertion, endeavor; force, strength; (nav., vet.) strain, weight; stress. _L’— de l’eau a rompu cette digue_; the force of the water has broken down that dyke. _Ce cheval a un —_; that horse is strained. _Faire un — sur soi-même_; to do one’s self violence, to strive to overcome one’s repugnance. _Se donner un —_; to overstrain one’s self, to sprain one’s back.

=effraction=, _n.f._, breaking, breaking open, house-breaking. _Vol avec —_; burglary.

=effraie=, _n.f._, white barn-owl; screech-owl.

_s’_=effranger=, _v.r._, to become unraveled, to fray at the edges.

=effrayant=, =-e=, _adj._, frightful, fearful, dreadful, terrific; appalling; grim, hideous.

=effrayé=, =-e=, _part._, afraid, daunted, dismayed.

=effrayer=, _v.a._, to fright, to frighten, to alarm, to terrify, to dismay.

_s’_=effrayer=, _v.r._, to be frightened, to be startled, to take fright, to take alarm. _Il s’effraie de peu de chose_; he is soon frightened.

=effréné=, =-e=, _adj._, unbridled, unrestrained, unruly; lawless; wild; frantic. _Passions —es_; unbridled passions.

=effritement=, _n.m._, crumbling to dust; exhaustion (of land).

=effriter=, _v.a._, (agri.) to exhaust (land).

_s’_=effriter=, _v.r._, (agri.) to become exhausted; to crumble to dust.

=effroi=, _n.m._, fright, terror, consternation; dread, dismay. _Porter partout l’—_; to carry consternation everywhere.

=effronté=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, shameless, brazen-faced person; shameless, bold, brazen-faced.

=effrontément=, _adv._, impudently, boldly, shamelessly.

=effronterie= (é-front-rî), _n.f._, effrontery, boldness, impudence, shamelessness. _Il est plein d’—_; he is full of impudence. _Il a eu l’— de me menacer_; he had the effrontery to threaten me. _Payer d’—_; to brazen a thing out.

=effroyable=, _adj._, frightful, dreadful, horrid, horrible, awful; downright; shocking; prodigious. _Elle est d’une laideur —_; she is frightfully ugly.

=effroyablement=, _adv._, frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, awfully; shockingly. _Elle est — laide_; she is frightfully ugly.

=effusion=, _n.f._, effusion, pouring out, overflowing, shedding.

=éfourceau=, _n.m._, two-wheeled timber-carriage.

=égagropile=, _n.m._, (vet.) wool-ball.

=égal=, =-e=, _adj._, equal, uniform, like, alike; even, level, same. _Tout lui est —_; it is all one to him. _Une humeur —e_; an even temper. _Cela m’est —_; it is all the same to me. _C’est —, si j’avais su_; never mind, if I had only known.

=égal=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, equal. _À l’— de_; in comparison of, as much as, equal to. _Traiter d’—_; to treat as one’s equal. _Sans —_; matchless. _D’— à —_; between equals; on equal terms.

=également= (é-gal-mān), _adv._, equally, alike, impartially, uniformly; also, likewise, too.

=égaler=, _v.a._, to equal, to make even, level; to come up to, to match, to emulate; to compare, to parallel.

_s’_=égaler=, _v.r._, to render one’s self equal; to compare one’s self to.

=égalisation=, _n.f._, equalization.

=égaliser=, _v.a._, to equalize, to make level; to square accounts. _— un terrain_; to level a piece of ground. _S’—_; to find its own level.

=égalitaire=, _adj._, based on equality, or on equal rights; leveling.

=égalité=, _n.f._, (geom.) equality, parity; evenness, uniformity; congruity. _À — de mérite_; where there is equality of merit. _— d’âme_; equanimity.

=égard=, _n.m._, regard, consideration, respect; deference, attentions. _Avoir —_; to pay regard. _Avoir — à quelque chose_; to be regardful of anything. _Avoir des —s pour_; to have consideration for, to pay regard, deference to. _En — à_; considering. _En — à la qualité_; considering the quality. _Avoir de grands —s pour quelqu’un_; to show great deference to any one. _Par — pour_; out of regard for. _Par — pour vous_; for your sake. _À l’— de_; respecting; with regard to. _À cet —_; in this respect. _À tous —s_; in all respects.

=égaré=, =-e=, _part._, strayed; misguided, misled, roving, wild; mislaid; disordered, distracted, bewildered. _Brebis —es_; lost sheep.

=égarement= (é-gar-mān), _n.m._, straying, losing one’s way; mistake, error; wildness (of the look); disorder, ill-conduct, excess, frenzy, bewilderment. _— d’esprit_; mental alienation.

=égarer=, _v.a._, to mislead, to misguide; to bewilder; to impair (intellect); to lead astray, to lead into error; to mislay. _— quelque chose_; to mislay anything.

_s’_=égarer=, _v.r._, to lose one’s way, to stray; to err; to mistake; to be led into error; to go astray; to ramble; to lose one’s self. _Il s’est égaré de son chemin_; he has lost his way. _Il s’égara dans la forêt_; he lost himself in the forest.

=égarotté=, =-e=, _adj._, (man.) wither-wrung.

=égayer=, _v.a._, to enliven, to divert, to make cheerful, to lighten, to raise (the spirits), to cheer, to cheer up; to thin (trees). _— un appartement_; to make an apartment lighter.

_s’_=égayer=, _v.r._, to make merry, to be merry, to divert one’s self, to sport, to cheer up. _Il faut vous —_; you must cheer up. _Nous nous égayâmes à ses dépens_; we made merry at his expense.

=égide=, _n.f._, Ægis (shield of Jupiter, of Pallas); shield, buckler, breast-plate; protector. _Il me sert d’—_; he is my protector. _Sous son —_; under his ægis; under his protection.

=égilops= (-lops), _n.m._, (med.) egilops.

=églantier= (-tié), _n.m._, (bot.) eglantine, woodbine, hip-tree, brier, dog-brier. _— odorant_; sweet-brier.

=églantine=, _n.f._, (bot.) (flower) eglantine, hip, dog-rose, sweet-brier, woodbine.

=églefin=, _n.m._, (ich.) haddock.

=église=, _n.f._, church; chimney cowl; cowl. _L’— anglicane_; the church of England. _Un homme d’—_; a churchman, a clergyman. _Gueux comme un rat d’—_; as poor as a church mouse.

=églogue= (-log), _n.f._, eclogue.

☉=égoïser=, _v.n._, to egotize.

=égoïsme=, _n.m._, egotism, selfishness; (philos.) egoism.

=égoïste=, _adj._, egotistic; selfish, egoistic.

=égoïste=, _n.m.f._, egotist; (philos.) egoist. _C’est un —_; he is an egotist.

=égopode=, _n.m._, (bot.) gout-weed, goutwort.

=égorger=, _v.a._, to cut the throat of, to slaughter, to butcher, to kill.

=égorgeur=, _n.m._, slaughterer, murderer.

*_s’_=égosiller=, _v.r._, to make one’s throat sore, to make one’s self hoarse (with speaking); to bawl out, to strain one’s voice.

=égotisme=, _n.m._, (ant.) egotism.

=égotiste=, _n.m._, (ant.) (l.u.) egotist.

=égout=, _n.m._, running or falling of water; sink, drain, sewer; eaves, projecting roof. _— collecteur_; main-sewer.

=égoutier=, _n.m._, sewer-man.

=égouttage=, _n.m._, drainage; draining, dripping.

=égoutter=, _v.n._, to drain, to drip.

=égoutter=, _v.a._, to drain, to let drop.

_s’_=égoutter=, _v.r._, to drop, to drain.

=égouttoir=, _n.m._, drainer, plate-rack.

=égoutture=, _n.f._, drainings, drippings.

=égrain= _or_ =égrin=, _n.m._, seedling pear _or_ apple tree.

=égrainer=. _V._ =égrener=.

_s’_=égrainer=. _V._ _s’_=égrener=.

=égrappage=, _n.m._, picking (of grapes, currants, etc.).

=égrapper=, _v.a._, to pick (grapes, currants, etc.) from the bunch.

=égrappoir=, _n.m._, grape-picker (instr.).

*=égratigner=, _v.a._, to scratch, to claw; (paint.) to stencil. _S’il ne mord pas, il égratigne_; if he does not bite he scratches.

*=égratigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scratcher; (paint.) stenciler.

*=égratignure=, _n.f._, scratch; slight wound. _Il ne saurait souffrir la moindre —_; he cannot bear the least thing _or_ hurt.

*=égravillonner=, _v.a._, to ablaqueate.

=égrefin=, _n.m._ _V._ =églefin=.

=égrenage=, _n.m._, shelling, husking (grains); picking (grapes); (arts) ginning.

=égrener=, _v.a._, to shell, to husk (grain); to pick from the bunch (grapes); (arts) to gin.

_s’_=égrener=, _v.r._, to shell (of grain); to fall from the stalk; to shed seeds.

*=égrillard=, =-e=, _adj._, sprightly, brisk, lively; free, broad.

*=égrilloir=, _n.m._, weir, grate (to keep the fish in a pond).

=égrisée=, _n.f._, diamond-dust.

=égriser=, _v.a._, to clean, to rough-down, to cut (diamonds).

=égrisoir=, _n.m._, diamond-dust box.

=égrugeoir= (-joâr), _n.m._, mortar.

=égruger=, _v.a._, to pound, to bruise. _— du sel_; to pound salt.

=égueulé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, _adj._, (égheulé), broken-mouthed; (pop.) vulgar, foul-mouthed person.

=égueulement= (é-gheul-mān), _n.m._, (artil.) breaking at the mouth of a cannon.

=égueuler= (égheulé), _v.a._, to break off the mouth _or_ neck (of glass and other vessels).

_s’_=égueuler=, _v.r._, to bawl till one’s throat is sore; (artil.) to break at the mouth (of a gun).

=égyptien=, =-ne= (-si-in, -si-èn), _adj._, Egyptian.

=égyptien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Egyptian; gipsy.

=eh=, _int._, ah! well! _— bien!_ well! _— bien, soit_; well, be it so.

=éhanché=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =déhanché=.

=éherber=, _v.a._ _V._ =sarcler=.

=éhonté=, =-e=, _adj._, shameless, brazen-faced.

=éhouper=, _v.a._, to lop off the top (of a tree).

=eider=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (orni.) eider, eider-duck.

=éjaculateur=, _adj._, (anat.) ejaculatory.

=éjaculation=, _n.f._, throwing out with force, discharge; ejaculation (fervent prayer).

☉=éjaculatoire=, _adj._ _V._ =éjaculateur=.

=éjaculer=, _v.a._, (anat.) to throw out, to ejaculate, to discharge.

=éjarrer=, _v.a._, to remove the coarse hairs (from furs).

=éject-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, ejecting. _Tuyau —_; discharge pipe.

=élaboration=, _n.f._, elaboration.

=élaboré=, =-e=, _adj._, elaborate, wrought, labored.

=élaborer=, _v.a._, to elaborate, to work out.

=élagage=, _n.m._, (hort.) lopping; branches lopped off.

=élaguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to lop, to prune; to curtail, to cut down, to cut out. _Elaguez ces détails inutiles_; cut out those useless particulars.

=élagueur=, _n.m._, (hort.) pruner.

=élan=, _n.m._, start, spring; dash, rush; sally, flight, glow, soaring; burst, outburst, transport; (mam.) elk, moose-deer. _Par —s_; by starts. _Prendre un —_; to take a spring, a flight.

=élancé=, =-e=, _adj._, slender, slim, thin, lank.

=élancement= (é-lāns-mān), _n.m._, shooting, twitch, twinge. _pl._, transports.

=élancer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to launch, to dart, to shoot.

_s’_=élancer=, _v.r._, to bound, to shoot, to shoot _or_ to spring forth, to dart forth, to rush, to dash, to spring; to take one’s flight. _Il s’élança sur son cheval_; he leapt _or_ sprang on horseback. _Il s’élança sur l’ennemi_; he rushed upon the enemy. _S’— sur quelqu’un_; to spring upon any one. _Mon âme s’élança vers Dieu_; my soul soared up to God.

=élancer=, _v.n._, to shoot, to twitch (of pain).

=élanion=, _n.m._, (orni.) kite. _— martinet_; swallow-tailed kite.

=élargir=, _v.a._, to stretch, to widen, to make wider, to let out; to enlarge, to release, to set at liberty. _— un habit_; to let out a coat. _— ses quartiers_; to extend one’s quarters. _— un compas_; to open a pair of compasses. _— un prisonnier_; to set a prisoner at liberty.

_s’_=élargir=, _v.r._, to widen, to become wider; to enlarge; to stretch; to enlarge one’s estate; to set one’s self free.

=élargissement= (-jis-mān), _n.m._, widening, enlarging; release, discharge (from prison).

=élargissure=, _n.f._, piece let in; eking-piece.

=élasticité=, _n.f._, elasticity, springiness.

=élastique=, _adj._, elastic, springy.

=élastique=, _n.f._, india-rubber; elastic-net; spring-side.

=élatine=, _n.f._, (bot.) water-wort.

=élavé=, _adj._, (hunt.) soft and discolored.

=elbeuf=, _n.m._, Elbeuf-cloth.

=eldorado=, _n.m._, (_—s_) El Dorado.

=éléatique=, _n.m._, _adj._, eleatic.

=électeur=, _n.m._, elector.

=électi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, elective.

=élection=, _n.f._, election, return, polling; choice, appointment. _Temps_, _lieu d’—_; (surg.) most favorable time, place, for performing an operation. _Solliciter des suffrages aux —s_; to solicit votes at elections. _Aux —s générales_; at the general election.

=électoral=, =-e=, _adj._, electoral, elective. _Priver du droit —_; to disfranchise.

=électorat=, _n.m._, electorate.

=électrice=, _n.f._, Elector’s consort, Electress.

=électricité=, _n.f._, electricity.

=électrique=, _adj._, electric. _Secousse —_; electric shock. _Conducteur —_; electric conductor.

=électrisable=, _adj._, electrifiable.

=électrisant=, =-e=, _adj._, electrifying.

=électrisation=, _n.f._, electrification.

=électriser=, _v.a._, to electrify.

_s’_=électriser=, _v.r._, to be electrified, to electrify.

=électro-aimant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) electro-magnet.

=électro-chimie=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) electro-chemistry.

=électro-dynamique=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) electro-dynamics.

=électro-magnétisme=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) electro-magnetism.

=électromètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) electrometer.

=électro-négati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, electro-negative.

=électrophore=, _n.m._, (phys.) electrophorus.

=électro-positi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, electro-positive.

=électroscope=, _n.m._, (phys.) electroscope.

=électuaire=, _n.m._, electuary.

=élégamment= (-ga-mān), _adv._, elegantly, stylishly.

=élégance=, _n.f._, elegance, style.

=élégant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, gentleman, lady, of fashion; swell, exquisite; elegant, fashionable, stylish.

=élégiaque=, _adj._, elegiac.

=élégiaque=, _n.m._, elegist.

=élégie=, _n.f._, elegy.

=élément=, _n.m._, element, hobby, favorite pastime; component part. _La chasse est son —_; hunting is his hobby. _Être dans son —_; to be quite at home (in anything).

=élémentaire=, _adj._, elementary, elemental.

=élémi=, _n.m._, (pharm.) elemi.

=éléphant=, _n.m._, elephant.

=éléphantiasis= (-tia-zis), _n.f._, (med.) elephantiasis.

=éléphantin=, =-e=, _adj._, elephantine.

=élevage=, _n.m._, (agri.) breeding, raising, rearing (of cattle).

=élévateur=, _adj._, _n.m._, (anat.) elevator, elevatory; raising, lifting.

=élévation=, _n.f._, elevation, lifting up, raising; rising ground, height, eminence; (persp.) view; exaltation; greatness (of soul); nobleness; (c.rel.) elevation of the host; rise (of prices); raised plan. _Il lui doit son —_; he is indebted to him for his promotion. _Il a beaucoup d’—_; he possesses great elevation of mind. _— dans le style_; loftiness of style. _— de côté_; side view (of a building).

=élévatoire=, _n.m._, (surg.) elevator.

=élève=, _n.m.f._, pupil, scholar; student; (nav.) midshipman. _— maître_ (_m._), _maîtresse_ (_f._); pupil-teacher, pupil, governess. _— en chambre_; parlor boarder.

=élève=, _n.f._, (agri.) breeding (of cattle).

=élevé= (él-vé), =-e=, _part._, raised, grand; heroic, eminent, stately, lofty; high (of prices); exalted. _C’est un jeune homme bien —_; he is a very well-bred youth.

=élever= (él-vé), _v.a._, to raise, to raise up, to exalt, to lift up; to cast up; to ennoble; to erect, to rear up, to set up; to augment, to increase; to run up (of accounts); to bring up, to breed; to rear; to educate, to train up, to nurse, to foster. _— quelqu’un jusqu’aux nues_; to extol any one to the skies. _— la voix_; to raise one’s voice. _J’ai pris de la peine à — ces plantes_; I took some trouble to raise those plants.

_s’_=élever=, _v.r._, to arise, to break out; to ascend, to mount, to go up, to run up; to amount; to be elevated; to increase, to augment; to run up (of accounts); to be started. _Une tempête s’éleva_; a storm arose. _Il s’éleva une querelle_; a quarrel broke out. _Les vapeurs s’élèvent de la terre_; vapors rise from the earth. _Celui qui s’élève sera abaissé_; he who exalts himself shall be humbled. _Les vagues s’élevèrent hautes et menaçantes_; the waves rolled high and threatening.

=éleveur= (él-veur), _n.m._, elevator; cattle-breeder, grazier.

=élevure= (él-vur), _n.f._, pimple, blotch, blain.

=elfe=, _n.m._, elf (fairy).

=élider=, _v.a._, (gram.) to cut off, to elide.

_s’_=élider=, _v.r._, to be elided, to be cut off. _Cette lettre s’élide_; that letter is elided.

=éligibilité=, _n.f._, eligibility, fitness.

=éligible=, _adj._, eligible, fit.

_s’_=élimer=, _v.r._, to wear out, to rub out.

=élimination=, _n.f._, elimination, dismissal, expulsion; removal, rejection.

=éliminer=, _v.a._, to eliminate, to strike out _or_ off, to expel, to discard, to dismiss, to remove; to delete.

=élingue= (é-ling), _n.f._, (nav.) sling, strop.

=élinguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (nav.) to sling.

=élire=, _v.a._, to elect, to choose, to return, to appoint, to designate. _— domicile_; to take up one’s abode.

=élision=, _n.f._, elision.

=élite=, _n.f._, choice, pick, select few, flower, prime. _L’— de l’armée_; the pick of the army. _J’ai eu l’— de ses livres_; I have had the pick of his books. _D’—_; picked, crack.

=élixir=, _n.m._, elixir.

=elle=, _pron._, she, her, it; =elles=, _pl._, they, them. _Je parle d’—_; I speak of her. _Je reviens à —_; I return to her. _Je lui parle_; I am speaking to her. _Je les lui donne à elle-même_; I give them to her, place them in her own hands. _Je les vois, —s et leur frère_; I see them and their brother.

=ellébore=, _n.m._, (bot.) hellebore. _— noir_; Christmas-thorn, black hellebore. _Avoir besoin d’—_; not to be in one’s right senses.

=elléborine=, _n.f._, (bot.) helleborine, bastard hellebore.

=ellipse= (è-lips), _n.f._, (gram., geom.) ellipsis; ellipse.

=ellipsoïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, ellipsoidal.

=ellipsoïde=, _n.m._, (geom.) ellipsoid.

=ellipticité=, _n.f._, ellipticity.

=elliptique=, _adj._, elliptical.

=elliptiquement=, _adv._, elliptically.

=elme= (=Feu Saint=), _n.m._, corposant, Castor and Pollux.

=élocution=, _n.f._, elocution.

=éloge=, _n.m._, eulogium, eulogy, panegyric, encomium, praise, commendation. _Digne d’—_; praiseworthy. _Faire soi-même son —_; to sound one’s own praises. _Faire l’— d’un auteur_; to speak in praise of an author. _— funèbre_; funeral oration.

=élogieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, full of praise, eulogistic, flattering.

=élogiste=, _n.m.f._, (ant.) eulogist, writer of panegyrics.

*=éloigné=, =-e=, _part._, removed, distant, wide, remote, far; absent, foreign. _Temps —s_; distant times. _Cause —e_; remote cause. _Il est fort — de le croire_; he is far from believing it. _Se tenir —_; to keep away, to stand aloof. _D’une manière —e_; distantly.

*=éloignement= (é-loagn-mān), _n.m._, removal, removing; distance, remoteness; retirement; aversion, dislike; estrangement, unwillingness. _On voit Paris dans l’—_; Paris is seen in the distance. _Avoir de l’— pour le travail_; to have an aversion for work.

*=éloigner=, _v.a._, to remove, to put away, to send away; to dismiss; to discard; to repudiate; to remove further; to waive; to avert; to banish; to drive away; to put off, to delay, to retard; to alienate, to estrange; to indispose. _— un sujet_; to waive a subject. _— les soupçons_; to discard suspicion. _— quelqu’un de_; to indispose any one (towards). _— quelqu’un de son pays_; to send any one away from his country. _Eloignez de vous ces mauvaises pensées_; dismiss such evil thoughts.

_s’_*=éloigner=, _v.r._, to go away, to remove, to recede; to forsake; to withdraw; to ramble; to digress; to swerve; to deviate; to be different, to differ from, to dislike; (paint.) to appear in the distance; to be alienated, to be wanting, to fall off, to fail. _Ne vous éloignez pas_; don’t go far. _S’— de son devoir_; to deviate from one’s duty. _S’— de son sujet_; to digress from one’s subject. _Cette opinion s’éloigne de la mienne_; that opinion differs from mine.

=élongation=, _n.f._, elongation; digression.

=élonger=, _v.a._, (nav.) to sheer off, to lay alongside of, to run out a warp.

=éloquemment= (-ka-mān), _adv._, eloquently.

=éloquence=, _n.f._, eloquence, oratory. _— de la tribune_; parliamentary eloquence.

=éloquent=, =-e=, _adj._, eloquent.

=élu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (person) elected, chosen, elect.

=élu=, =-e=, _part._, elected, chosen, elect, appointed, designated, returned.

=élucidation=, _n.f._, elucidation.

=élucider=, _v.a._, to elucidate.

=élucubration=, _n.f._, lucubration.

=élucubrer=, _v.a.n._, to lucubrate.

=éludable=, _adj._, evadible, eludible.

=éluder=, _v.a._, to elude, to evade.

=élyme=, _n.m._, (bot.) elymus, lyme-grass.

=élysée=, _n.m._, (myth.) Elysium. _L’Elysée_; the residence (in Paris) of the President of the Republic.

=élysée=, _adj._, Elysian. _Les champs —s_; the Elysian Fields.

=élyséen=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Elysian.

=élysiens= (-īn), _adj.m.pl._, (myth.) Elysian.

=élytre=, _n.m._, (ent.) elytron, wing-shell.

=elzévir=, _n.m._, Elzevir (edition).

=elzévirien=, =-ne=, _adj._, elzevirian, Elzevir.

=émaciation=, _n.f._, emaciation.

=émacié=, =-e=, _adj._, emaciated.

*=émail=, _n.m._, enamel; (her.) tincture; (fig.) gloss, brilliancy. _— de Hollande_; Dutch blue. _Peindre en —_; to enamel. _Peinture en —_; enameling, enameled picture. _Peintre en —_; enameler.

*=émailler=, _v.a._, to enamel; (fig.) to adorn, to embellish, to stud, to strew, to covet.

*=émailleur=, _n.m._, enameler.

*=émaillure=, _n.f._, enameling.

=émanation=, _n.f._, emanation.

=émancipation=, _n.f._, emancipation.

=émanciper=, _v.a._, to emancipate.

_s’_=émanciper=, _v.r._, to gain one’s liberty, to free one’s self; to take too much liberty, to get too free, to go beyond bounds, to forget one’s self, to play pranks. _Vous vous émancipez trop_; you are getting rather too free.

=émaner=, _v.n._, to emanate.

=émargement=, _n.m._, writing on the margin; marginal note; signature on the margin.

=émarger=, _v.a._, to write, to sign, on the margin; to receipt; (fig.) to draw one’s salary; (tech.) to diminish the breadth of the margin of engravings, etc.

=émarginé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) emarginate.

=émasculation=, _n.f._, emasculation.

=émasculer=, _v.a._, to emasculate.

=embabouiner=, _v.a._, (fam., l.u.) to wheedle; to gammon.

=emballage=, _n.m._, packing up, packing; package. _Toile d’—_; packing-canvas, pack-cloth.

=emballer=, _v.a._, to pack up; to wrap up; to pack off; (fam. jest.) to send away, to pack off (any one), to look at, to quod.

=emballeur=, _n.m._, packer; (pop.) bragger, bobby, policeman.

=embander=, _v.a._, to tie up; to swathe.

=embarcadère=, _n.m._, terminus; wharf; pier; steps, landing-stage.

=embarcation=, _n.f._, small boat, craft; crew, passengers.

=embardée=, _n.f._, (nav.) yaw, lurch.

=embarder=, _v.a._ and _n._, (nav.) to yaw, to lurch.

=embargo=, _n.m._, embargo. _Lever l’—_; to take on an embargo. _Mettre un — sur_; to lay an embargo on.

*=embarillé=, =-e=, _adj._, barreled up.

*=embariller=, _v.a._, to barrel, to barrel up.

=embarquement=, _n.m._, embarkation, embarking, shipping, shipment.

=embarquer=, _v.a._, to embark, to ship, to put on ship-board; to take on board; to see off. _On l’a embarqué dans une méchante affaire_; he has been drawn into some bad business.

_s’_=embarquer=, _v.r._, to embark, to go on board, to take shipping; to put to sea, to sail, to set out; to engage.

=embarras=, _n.m._, incumbrance, hindrance, impediment; embarrassment, difficulty, trouble, intricacy, fuss; perplexity, puzzle; (med.) derangement. _Cet homme fait bien de l’—_; that man makes a great fuss. _Être dans l’—_; to be in difficulties. _Se mettre dans l’—_; to get into trouble, into a scrape. _Je suis dans l’—_; I am at a loss. _Ce n’est pas l’—_; that’s easy enough; I see no objection. _Avoir l’— du choix_; to have too much to choose from. _— de voitures_; block of carriages.

=embarrassant=, =-e=, _adj._, embarrassing, puzzling, awkward; perplexing, encumbering, cumbersome, troublesome.

=embarrassé=, =-e=, _part._, embarrassed, entangled, perplexed, obstructed, constrained; out of countenance. _Être —_; to be at a loss.

=embarrasser=, _v.a._, to embarrass, to hamper, to encumber, to obstruct; to clog, to trouble, to confound, to puzzle; to come amiss to, to inconvenience, to incommode; to insnare. _Être embarrassé de sa personne_; not to know what to do with one’s self. _Que cela ne vous embarrasse point_; do not trouble yourself about that. _Cette question l’a embarrassé_; that question puzzled him. _Il est embarrassé de répondre_; he is at a loss for an answer. _— une rue_; to obstruct a street.

_s’_=embarrasser=, _v.r._, to entangle one’s self, to be embarrassed, entangled; to be solicitous about, to concern one’s self with; (med.) to be affected. _Il ne s’embarrasse de rien_; nothing ever troubles him. _Sa langue s’embarrasse_; his tongue begins to falter; his speech is impeded.

=embasement=, _n.m._, (arch.) continuous base; basement.

=embastillement=, _n.m._, imprisoning; surrounding with forts.

=embastiller=, _v.a._, to imprison; to surround with forts.

=embatage=, _n.f._, casing, tiring of wheels.

☉*=embatailler=, _v.a._, to embattle.

=embâter=, _v.a._, to put on a pack-saddle; to saddle, to encumber. _On l’a embâté d’une affaire bien désagréable_; they have saddled him with a very disagreeable job.

=embâtonner=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to arm with a cudgel.

=embattés=, _n.m.pl._, periodical winds.

=embattoir=, _n.m._, shoeing pit (for wheels).

=embattre=, _v.a._, to case, to tire (a wheel).

=embauchage=, _n.m._, hiring, engaging (workmen); tampering, gaining over, enticing away; enlisting, recruiting.

=embaucher=, _v.a._, to hire, to engage (workmen); to entice away, to tamper with; to enlist, to recruit.

=embaucheur=, _n.m._, hirer; recruiting-officer; recruiter, crimp.

=embauchoir=, _n.m._, boot-tree; boot-last.

=embaumement= (an-bôm-mān), _n.m._, embalming.

=embaumer=, _v.a._, to embalm; to perfume, to scent. _v.n._, to smell very sweet.

=embaumeur=, _n.m._, embalmer.

=embecquer=, _v.a._, to feed (a bird); to bait (a hook).

=embéguiner= (-ghi-), _v.a._, to muffle up; to infatuate, to bewitch.

_s’_=embéguiner=, _v.r._, to be infatuated, to be bewitched, to become bigoted.

=embelle=, _n.f._, (nav.) waist.

=embellie=, _n.f._, (nav.) lull, momentary calm; favorable change; clearing.

=embellir=, _v.a._, to embellish, to beautify; to adorn, to decorate, to set off. _— un conte_; to embellish a tale.

_s’_=embellir=, _v.r._, to grow beautiful, to improve in beauty, to grow handsome.

=embellir=, _v.n._, to beautify, to grow handsomer. _Elle ne fait que croître et —_; she grows taller and handsomer every day.

=embellissement= (-lis-mān), _n.m._, embellishment, improvement, adornment.

=embérize=, _n.f._, (zoöl.) bunting.

_s’_=emberlucoquer=, _v.r._, (fam.) to be taken with, to be wedded to.

*=embesogné=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam., jest.) busy, busily engaged.

=embêtement=, _n.m._, (triv.) annoyance, bother; nuisance, bore.

=embêter=, _v.a._, (triv.) to stupefy, to stultify, to besot; to annoy, to plague; to tease, to torment, to rile; to worry; to aggravate, to bore.

_s’_=embêter=, _v.r._ (triv.) to feel dull, bored.

=emblaison=, _n.f._, seed-time, sowing-time.

=emblavage=, _n.m._, (agri.) wheat-sowing.

=emblaver=, _v.a._, to sow with corn.

=emblavure=, _n.f._, land sown with corn.

_d’_=emblée=, _adv._, at the first, in a trice; at the first onset; at the first trial; there and then; straight off the reel.

=emblématique=, _adj._, emblematical.

=emblème=, _n.m._, emblem. _Être l’— de_; to be emblematical of.

=emboire=, _v.a._, to imbibe; (sculp.) to coat (with oil or wax).

_s’_=emboire=, _v.r._, (paint.) to get dull _or_ flat; to dry in.

=emboîtement= (ān-boat-mān), _n.m._, fitting in, jointing, clamping.

=emboîter=, _v.a._, to joint; to set (bones); to clamp, to fit, to fit in. _— le pas_; (milit.) to lock up.

_s’_=emboîter=, _v.r._, to fit, to fit in.

=emboîture=, _n.f._, socket, clamp; (pottery) collar. _L’— des os_; the juncture of the bones.

=embolie=, _n.f._, (med.) embolism.

=embolisme=, _n.m._, embolism.

=embolismique=, _adj._, embolismic, embolismal.

=embonpoint=, _n.m._, plumpness, corpulence, stoutness, obesity. _Prendre de l’—_; to get stout, to pick up flesh. _Perdre son —_; to fall away, to lose flesh.

=emboquer=, _v.a._, to feed, to cram food down.

_s’_=emboquer=, _v.r._, to cram food down one another’s throat.

=embordurer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to put in a frame, to frame.

=embossage=, _n.m._, (nav.) bringing the broadside to bear.

=embosser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to bring the broadside to bear.

_s’_=embosser=, _v.r._, (nav.) to be brought to bear (broadside on).

=embouché=, =-e=, _part._, entered (of boats); prompted, tutored. _Être mal —_; to be foul-mouthed, impertinent.

=emboucher=, _v.a._, to put to one’s mouth (wind instruments); to prompt; to bit (a horse). _Il l’a bien embouché_; he gave him a good prompting.

_s’_=emboucher=, _v.r._, (of rivers) to fall into; to empty, to discharge itself.

=embouchoir=, _n.m._, boot-tree; mouth-piece (of instruments).

=embouchure=, _n.f._, mouth-piece (of wind instruments); mouth (of a river, of a harbor); out-fall (engineering).

=embouer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to cover with mud; to bemire; to vilify.

=embouquement=, _n.m._, (nav.) entrance to a strait.

=embouquer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to enter a strait.

=embourbé=, =-e=, _part._, stuck fast (in the mud). _Il jure comme un charretier —_; he swears like a trooper.

=embourber=, _v.a._, to put in the mire; to bemire. _— quelqu’un dans une mauvaise affaire_; to get any one into a troublesome business.

_s’_=embourber=, _v.r._, to sink in the mud, to stick in the mire; to be involved (in any trouble).

=embourrer=. _V._ =rembourrer=.

=embourser=, _v.a._, to put into one’s purse; to receive; to pocket.

=embout=, _n.m._, ferrule.

=embouter=, _v.a._, to ferrule, to tip.

=emboutir=, _v.a._, (gold.) to scoop out; (coppersmith’s work) to beat out; (arch.) to sheet; to stamp; to plate; to tip.

=embranchement=, _n.m._, branch, branching off; branch-road; branch-line, junction (rail.).

=embrancher=, _v.a._, (carp.) to put together; to join.

_s’_=embrancher=, _v.r._, to branch off; to branch (of roads); to abut, to join.

=embrasé=, =-e=, _part._, in flames, on fire; glowing, aglow, in a glow.

=embrasement= (an-brâz-mān), _n.m._, conflagration, burning; combustion; kindling.

=embraser=, _v.a._, to fire, to set on fire, to kindle, to inflame. _La guerre a embrasé toute l’Europe_; war has set all Europe ablaze.

_s’_=embraser=, _v.r._, to kindle, to take fire, to glow, to be aglow, to be inflamed. _Cette matière s’embrase facilement_; that stuff easily catches fire.

=embrassade=, _n.f._, embrace, hug, kissing, kiss.

=embrasse=, _n.f._, curtain-loop, curtain-band.

=embrassé=, =-e=, _part._, embraced. _Ils se tenaient —s_; they remained locked in each other’s arms.

=embrassement= (an-bras-mān), _n.m._, embrace.

=embrasser=, _v.a._, to embrace, to clasp; to kiss; to encompass, to encircle, to comprehend, to comprise, to take in, to include; to seize, to avail one’s self of, to undertake. _Qui trop embrasse, mal étreint_; grasp all, lose all. _— la querelle de quelqu’un_; to espouse any one’s quarrel. _— une occasion_; to seize, to avail one’s self of, an opportunity.

_s’_=embrasser=, _v.r._, to embrace, _or_ to kiss, one another.

=embrasseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (fam., l.u.) embracer, kisser.

=embrassure=, _n.f._, band of iron, binder.

=embrasure=, _n.f._, embrasure; recess.

=embrayage=, _n.m._, connecting (of wheels); coupling gear (motor).

=embrayer=, _v.a._, to engage, to connect (man.).

=embrelage=, _n.m._, lashing.

=embreler=, _v.a._, to lash (a wagon load).

=embrener=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to dirty, to soil. _S’— dans quelque affaire_; to entangle one’s self in a dirty piece of business.

=embrèvement=, _n.f._, (carp.) mortise, franking.

=embrever=, _v.a._, (carp.) to mortise, to frank, to join.

=embrigadement=, _n.m._, (milit.) brigading; enlisting, recruiting.

=embrigader=, _v.a._, (milit.) to brigade; to form into brigades.

=embrocation=, _n.f._, embrocation.

=embrochement=, _n.m._, spitting (of meat).

=embrocher=, _v.a._, to spit, to put upon the spit. _— quelqu’un_; to run any one through the body.

=embroucher=, _v.a._, to overlap, overlay (tiles, etc.).

*=embrouillé=, =-e=, _part._, perplexed, intricate; entangled, obscure.

*=embrouillement= (an-brou-i-mān), _n.m._, embroiling, confusion, intricacy, perplexity.

=embrouiller=, _v.a._, to embroil, to confuse, to confound, to jumble up; to perplex, to obscure.

*_s’_=embrouiller=, _v.r._, to become intricate _or_ entangled; to get confused; (fam.) to get fuddled, muddled.

=embrouilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mar-plot; blunderer.

=embroussaillé=, =-e=, _adj._, covered with brushwood, bushy, matted, intricate.

=embruiné=, =-e=, _adj._, (agri.) spoilt by drizzle.

=embrumé=, =-e=, _adj._, foggy, misty, hazy.

=embrumer=, _v.a._, to overcast, to cover with fog _or_ mist. _S’—_; to be covered with fog, to get misty, hazy.

=embrun=, _n.m._, (nav.) spray.

=embrunir=, _v.a._, to brown.

=embryogénie=, _n.f._, embryogeny.

=embryographie=, _n.f._, embryography.

=embryologie=, _n.f._, embryology.

=embryon=, _n.f._, embryo; (bot.) germ; little bit of a man; dwarf, shrimp.

=embryonnaire=, _adj._, embryonic.

=embu=, =-e=, _part._ of =emboire=, soaked in, dried in.

=embu=, _n.m._, (paint.) dulness, flatness (of pictures).

=embûche=, _n.f._, snare, ambush. _Dresser des —s_; to lay snares.

=embûcher=, _v.a._, to begin cutting (trees); to drive back, to covert (hunt.). _S’—_; to return, to covert.

=embuscade=, _n.f._, ambuscade; ambush; lurking-place, snare. _Être_, _Se mettre_, _Se tenir_, _en —_; to lie _or_ be lying in wait, in ambush.

=embusquer=, _v.a._, to ambuscade, to post.

_s’_=embusquer=, _v.r._, to lay in ambuscade, to lie in wait.

=émender=, _v.a._, to amend, to correct.

=émeraude= (é-mrôd), _n.f._, emerald.

=émergence=, _n.f._, (phys.) emersion, emergence.

=émergent=, _adj._, (phys.) emergent.

=émerger=, _v.n._, to emerge, to rise out.

=émeri= (é-mri), _n.m._, (min.) emery. _Bouché à l’—_; with a ground stopper.

*=émerillon=, _n.m._, whirl (for weaving); (nav.) swivel-hook.

*=émerillon=, _n.m._, (orni.) stone-falcon, merlin.

*=émerillonné=, =-e=, _adj._, brisk, sprightly, wide-awake, lively.

=émerisé=, =-e=, _adj._ _Papier —_; emery paper. _Toile —e_; emery cloth.

=émérite=, _adj._, emeritus; retired, pensioned, superannuated; practised, adept.

=émersion=, _n.f._, emersion.

=émérus=, _n.m._, (bot.) bastard-senna, colutea.

*=émerveillement=, _n.m._, wonder, astonishment.

*=émerveiller=, _v.a._, to astonish, to amaze.

*_s’_=émerveiller=, _v.r._, to marvel, to wonder, to be astonished.

=émétique=, _n.m._, _adj._, emetic, puke, vomit; emetical.

=émétiser=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to add emetic to a mixture; to treat with emetics.

=émettre=, _v.a._, to put in circulation, to utter; to emit, to issue, to give out, to put forth, to express.

=émeu=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) emu.

=émeute=, _n.f._, riot, disturbance, commotion, uproar, tumult; rising, mutiny. _Chef d’—_; ringleader.

=émeuter=, _v.a._, to rouse, to stir up, to excite.

=émeutier= (-tié), _n.m._, rioter.

=émier=, _v.a._ _V._ =émietter=.

=émiettement=, _n.m._, crumbling.

=émietter=, _v.a._, to crumble.

_s’_=émietter=, _v.r._, to crumble.

=émigrant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, emigrant; emigrating.

=émigration=, _n.f._, emigration, migration.

=émigré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, emigrant; refugee.

=émigrer=, _v.n._, to emigrate; to migrate.

=émincé=, _n.m._, (cook.) mince; thin slices.

=émincer=, _v.a._, to mince (meat).

=éminemment= (-na-mān), _adv._, eminently, in a high degree.

=éminence=, _n.f._, eminence; elevation, rising ground, height.

=éminent=, =-e=, _adj._, eminent, high, lofty, conspicuous.

=éminentissime=, _adj._, most eminent.

=émir=, _n.m._, Ameer, Emir.

=émissaire=, _n.m._, emissary; (tech.) overflow pipe, overflow channel. _Bouc —_; scape-goat.

=émission=, _n.f._, emission, issue, uttering, putting into circulation.

=emmagasinage=, _n.m._, warehousing.

=emmagasiner=, _v.a._, to warehouse, to store.

=emmaigrir=, _v.a._ _V._ =amaigrir=.

*=emmaillotement=, _n.m._, swaddling, swathing.

*=emmailloter=, _v.a._, to swaddle, to swathe, to bind up in swaddling clothes.

=emmanchement= (an-mansh-mān), _n.m._, (paint., sculpt.) joining, hafting, helving; putting a handle.

=emmancher=, _v.a._, to put a handle to, to haft, to helve; to begin, to set about. _Affaire mal emmanchée_; ill-managed affair.

_s’_=emmancher=, _v.r._, to fit in, to be begun; to be done. _Cela ne s’emmanche pas ainsi_; that is not the way to set to work.

=emmancher=, _v.n._, (nav.) to enter the channel.

=emmancheur=, _n.m._, handle-maker.

=emmanchure=, _n.f._, arm-hole.

=emmannequiner=, _v.a._, to put in hampers; to basket (plants).

=emmantelé=, =-e=, _adj._, covered with a cloak; (fort.) ☉fortified. _Corneille —e_; hooded-crow.

☉=emmanteler=, _v.a._, (fort.) to wall-round.

=emmariné=, =-e=, _adj._, accustomed to the sea.

=emmariner=, _v.a._, to man (a ship); to accustom to the sea.

_s’_=emmariner=, _v.r._, to be manned (of a ship); to get accustomed to the sea.

=emmêlé=, =-e=, _adj._, entangled.

=emmêler=, _v.a._, to entangle.

_s’_=emmêler=, _v.r._, to get entangled.

=emménagement= (an-mé-naj-mān), _n.m._, removal, installation. _pl._, (nav.) internal arrangements, accommodation.

=emménager=, _v.n._, to move in.

_s’_=emménager=, _v.r._, to move in.

=emménagogue=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) emmenagogue.

=emmener= (an-mné), _v.a._, to carry away, to take away, to lead away, to fetch away, to convey away. _Il l’a emmené dans sa voiture_; he took him away in his carriage. _Emmenez-le!_ off with him!

=emmenotter=, _v.a._, to handcuff, to manacle.