Chapter D (9)

=équitablement=, _adv._, equitably, justly, fairly.

=équitant=, =-e= (é-kui-), _adj._, (bot.) (of leaves) equitant.

=équitation= (é-kui-), _n.f._, equitation, riding, horsemanship.

=équité=, _n.f._, equity, justice.

=équivalemment= (-la-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) equivalently.

=équivalence=, _n.f._, equivalence.

=équivalent=, =-e=, _adj._, equivalent.

=équivalent=, _n.m._, equivalent.

=équivaloir=, _v.n._, to be equivalent, to be tantamount to.

=équivalve=, _adj._, (conch.) equivalve.

=équivoque=, _adj._, equivocal, ambiguous, doubtful, uncertain. _Un homme —_; a man of doubtful character.

=équivoque=, _n.f._, equivocation; ambiguity; evasion, shuffling; (paint.) defect, fault. _User d’—s_; to equivocate.

=équivoquer=, _v.n._, to equivocate, to speak ambiguously, to quibble, to shuffle.

_s’_=équivoquer=, _v.r._, to use one word for another, to make a slip, to be mistaken.

=érable=, _n.m._, maple, maple-tree. _— blanc_; sycamore. _— à sucre_; sugar-maple. _— moucheté_; birds’-eye maple.

=éradicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, eradicative.

=éradication=, _n.f._, eradication.

=érafler=, _v.a._, to scratch slightly, to graze.

=éraflure=, _n.f._, slight scratch, graze.

*=éraillé=, =-e=, _part._, frayed, fretted; bloodshot (of the eyes); (nav.) (of cables and ropes) chafed, galled; (of the voice) rough, hoarse, husky.

*=éraillement=, _n.m._, (med.) eversion of the eyelids; fraying, fretting, unweaving; huskiness, hoarseness.

*=érailler=, _v.a._, to fray, to fret, to unweave.

*_s’_=érailler=, _v.r._, to fray; (nav.) to chafe; to become bloodshot (of the eyes); to become husky, hoarse (of the voice). _La gaze est sujette à s’—_; gauze is apt to fray.

*=éraillure=, _n.f._, fret, fraying; chafing, gall.

=ératé=, =-e=, _part._, spleened; sprightly, lively, gay, arch, shrewd. _Un petit garçon —_; a sprightly little boy.

=érater=, _v.a._, to pull out the spleen; to spleen.

_s’_=érater=, _v.r._, to run one’s self out of breath, to lose one’s breath through running.

=ère=, _n.f._, era, epoch.

=érèbe=, _n.m._, (myth.) Erebus.

=érecteur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) erector (muscle).

=érectile=, _adj._, (anat.) erectile.

=érection=, _n.f._, erection, erecting; establishment, raising.

=éreinter=, _v.a._, to break any one’s back; to tire out, to knock up, to do up; to beat unmercifully (fig.); to cut to pieces; to lash with satire; to slay.

_s’_=éreinter=, _v.r._, to break one’s back, to tire one’s self out, to be knocked up; to drudge, to toil and moil.

=érémitique=, _adj._, hermitical, eremitical.

=érésipélateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) erysipelatous.

=érésipèle=, _n.m._, (med.) erysipelas, St. Anthony’s fire; (vet.) wild-fire.

=éréthisme=, _n.m._, (med.) erethismus.

=ergastule=, _n.f._, (Rom. antiq.) slaves’ prison.

=ergo=, _conj._, (log.) ergo; then, therefore. _—-glu_, _—-gluc_; (fam., jest.) ergo, nothing at all; and what then.

=ergot=, _n.m._, spur (of certain birds); (agri.) ergot, spur; (pharm.) ergota, horn-seed; (nav.) taggle; dew-claw (of a dog); (vet.) ergot. _Monter sur ses —s_; to ride the high horse. _Être sur ses —s_; to keep one’s distance; to be stand-offish. _— de coq_; cock’s-spur.

=ergotage=, _n.m._ _V._ =ergoterie=.

=ergoté=, =-e=, _adj._, spurred, having a dew-claw (of a dog). _Un coq bien —_; a well-spurred cock. _Seigle —_; spurred rye.

=ergoter=, _v.n._, to cavil, to wrangle, to chop logic. _Il ergote sur tout_; he finds fault with everything.

=ergoterie= (èr-go-trî), _n.f._, caviling; quibbling, quibble.

=ergoteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, caviler, quibbler.

=ergotisme=, _n.m._, caviling, quibbling, quibble; (med.) ergotism.

=éridan=, _n.m._, (astron.) Eridanus.

=ériger=, _v.a._, to erect, to raise, to rear, to set up, to institute.

_s’_=ériger=, _v.r._, to erect one’s self into; to set up for, to pose as, to pretend to be; to be erected, raised, built. _S’— en censeur public_; to set up for a public censor.

*=érigne= _or_ =érine=, _n.f._, (surg.) hook.

=érigone=, _n.f._, (astron.) Virgo.

=ermin=, _n.m._, customs duty (in the Levant).

=erminette= _or_ =herminette=, _n.f._, (carp.) adz.

=ermitage=, _n.m._, hermitage.

=ermite=, _n.m._, hermit, recluse. _Pâtes d’—_; dry walnuts.

=érodé=, =-e=, _adj._, (tech.) eroded, gnawed.

=érosi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, erosive.

=érosion=, _n.f._, erosion.

=érotique=, _adj._, erotic.

=érotomanie=, _n.f._, erotomania, nymphomania.

=erpétologie=, _n.f._, erpetology.

=errant=, =-e= (èr-rān, -t), _adj._, wandering; lost, fugitive, roving, errant; rambling. _Chevalier —_; knight-errant. _Le juif —_; the wandering Jew.

=errant=, _n.m._, lost sheep.

=errata= (èr-ra-ta), _n.m._, (_—_) errata.

=erratique=, _adj._, (med., astron.) erratic.

=erratum=, _n.m._, (_—_) erratum. _V._ =errata=.

=erre=, _n.f._, course, way; (nav.) way (of a ship). _pl._, track (of a stag). _Aller grand’—_; to go very fast. _Marcher sur les —s de quelqu’un_; to tread in any one’s footsteps.

=errements= (èr-mān), _n.m.pl._, traces, track, manner, way, proceedings; vagaries, follies. _Reprendre les anciens — d’une affaire_ or _suivre les vieux —_; to fall into the old track again.

=errer= (èr-ré), _v.n._, to wander, to ramble, to stray, to range, to rove, to stroll, to roll; to err, to mistake, to be mistaken, to go astray. _— partout_; to ramble about. _— çà et là_; to ramble about, to stroll up and down, to wander to and fro. _Aller errant_; to wander up and down.

=erreur= (èr-reur), _n.f._, error, illusion, mistake, blunder. _Sauf —_; errors excepted. _Être dans l’—_; to be mistaken. _Tirer quelqu’un de son —_; to convince any one of his error. _—!_ not a bit of it! _— n’est pas compte_; misreckoning is no payment.

=errhin=, _n.m._, (med.) errhine.

=errhin=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) errhine.

=erroné=, =-e= (èr-ro-né), _adj._, erroneous, mistaken, false, unsound, untrue.

=erronément=, _adv._, erroneously.

=ers= (èr), _n.m._, tare, vetch, lentil.

=erse=, _n.f._, (nav.) iron cringle. _—s de poulies_; block-strops.

=erse=, _adj._, Erse (Gaelic, Irish, Scotch).

=erseau=, _n.m._, cringle.

=érubescent=, =-e=, _adj._, erubescent, reddening.

=érucage=, =érucago=, _or_ =érucague= (-kag), _n.f._, (bot.) rocket.

=éructation=, _n.f._, eructation, belching.

=éructer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to eructate, to belch.

=érudit=, =-e=, _adj._, erudite, learned.

=érudit=, _n.m._, scholar, learned man.

=érudition=, _n.f._, learning, erudition, scholarship.

=érugineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, eruginous.

=erupti-f=, =-ve=, _n.f._, (med.) eruptive.

=éruption=, _n.f._, act of breaking forth, eruption; cutting (of teeth).

=érysipélateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ _V._ =érésipélateux=.

=érysipèle=, _n.m._ _V._ =érésipèle=.

=ès=, _art._, (contraction of _en les_), in, of; (before certain names of towns), _Saint-Germain — Laye_. _Maître — arts_; master of arts.

=escabeau=, _n.m._, stool.

=escabelle=, _n.f._, stool. _Déranger les —s à_; (fig.) to upset (any one’s) calculations; to baffle _or_ foil (any one).

=escache=, _n.f._, scatch, bit (for horses).

=escadre=, _n.f._, (nav.) squadron, fleet. _Chef d’—_; commodore; flag-officer.

*=escadrille=, _n.f._, (nav.) small squadron, flotilla.

=escadron=, _n.m._, (milit.) squadron (of horse). _Chef d’—_; major.

=escadronner=, _v.n._, to manœuvre (of cavalry).

=escalade=, _n.f._, scaling (a wall); (milit.) escalade.

=escalader=, _v.a._, to scale, to climb over; (milit.) to escalade. _S’—_; to be scaled.

=escale=, _n.f._, (nav.) putting in, calling. _Faire — dans un port_; to put into a port, to touch at, to call at (a port).

=escalier=, _n.m._, staircase, stairs, flight of stairs, steps. _— en limaçon_; winding staircase. _— dérobé_; private staircase. _— de commandement_; (nav.) companion-ladder.

=escalin=, _n.m._, Dutch (sixpenny piece).

=escalope=, _n.f._, split-bean; (pisc.) scallop; (cook.) a kind of stew.

=escamotage=, _n.m._, juggling, sleight of hand; legerdemain; prigging, filching.

=escamote=, _n.f._, juggler’s ball.

=escamoter=, _v.a._, to juggle, to juggle away; to pilfer, to shuffle out of, to ease of. _On lui a escamoté sa bourse_; they eased him of his purse.

=escamoteur=, _n.m._, juggler, conjurer; fleecer, pilferer; pickpocket.

=escamper=, _v.n._, to scamper away.

=escampette=, _n.f._, scampering. _Il a pris de la poudre d’—_; he has scampered away.

=escapade=, _n.f._, prank, freak, spree, frolic, lark. _Faire une —_; to have a lark.

=escape=, _n.f._, (arch.) scape.

*=escarbille=, _n.f._, coal cinder, clinker.

=escarbot=, _n.m._, (ent.) horn-beetle.

=escarboucle=, _n.f._, (min.) carbuncle.

=escarcelle=, _n.f._, (jest.) purse, money-bag. _Il a rempli son —_; he has filled his purse.

=escargot=, _n.m._, snail, edible snail.

=escarmouche=, _n.f._, skirmish; brush. _— de route_; (milit.) running fight. _Aller à l’—_; to go out skirmishing; (fig.) caviling, bickering.

=escarmoucher=, _v.n._, to skirmish; (fig.) to cavil, to bicker.

=escarmoucheur=, _n.m._, skirmisher; caviler.

=escarole=, _n.f._, (bot.) endive.

=escarotique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) escharotic, caustic.

=escarpe=, _n.f._, (fort.) scarp, escarp.

=escarpé=, =-e=, _adj._, steep, precipitous, rugged, cragged; (nav.) bluffy.

=escarpement=, _n.m._, (fort.) escarpment, steepness.

=escarper=, _v.a._, to cut steep _or_ vertically; (milit.) to escarp; (fig.) to do for.

=escarpin=, _n.m._, pump (shoe). _Jouer de l’—_; to run away, to take to one’s heels, to bolt.

=escarpolette=, _n.f._, swing, see-saw. _Il a la tête à l’—_; he is a hare-brained fellow.

=escarre=, _n.f._, (med.) eschar; slough; ☉(fig.) gap.

=escaveçade=, _n.f._, (man.) jerk (with the cavesson).

=escient=, _n.m._, (l.u.) knowledge. _À son —_; to his knowledge, wittingly. _À bon —_; in good earnest; wittingly, knowingly.

=esclaire=, _n.m._, (hawking) bird of prey.

=esclandre=, _n.m._, fracas, uproar; scandal, exposure, scene. _Faire —_; to make a scene, to cause an uproar.

=esclavage=, _n.m._, slavery; bondage; thralldom; inthrallment; drudgery. _Réduire à l’—_; to enslave, to reduce to slavery.

=esclave=, _n.m.f._, slave; bondman; drudge. _Commandeur d’—s_; slave-driver. _Propriétaire d’—s_; slave-owner. _On est — dans cette maison_; one is a very drudge in that house (_i.e._ the work is endless in).

=esclave=, _adj._, slavish. _Avoir une âme —_; to have a slavish, base disposition.

=escobard=, _n.m._, equivocator, shuffler.

=escobarder=, _v.n._, to equivocate, to prevaricate, to shuffle.

=escobarderie=, _n.f._, prevarication, shuffling, subterfuge.

☉=escoffion=, _n.m._, cap, hair-net.

=escogriffe=, _n.m._, sharper, shark, sponger; tall, lank, ungainly fellow.

=escompte= (ès-cont), _n.m._, discount. _À —_; at a discount. _Faire l’—_; to discount.

=escompter= (ès-conté), _v.a._, to discount, to cash; (fig.) to anticipate, to forestall. _— un billet_, _un effet_; to cash a bill.

=escompteur= (ès-kon-teur), _n.m._, (com.) discounter.

=escope=, _n.f._ _V._ =écope=.

=escopette=, _n.f._, carbine.

=escopetterie=, _n.f._, volley of carbines, etc.

=escopettier=, _n.m._, rifleman.

=escorte=, _n.f._, escort; (nav.) convoy (fig.); retinue, train, attendants. _Servir d’— à_; to serve as an escort to, to guard. _Bâtiment d’—_; convoy-ship.

=escorter=, _v.n._, to escort; to accompany, to attend. _— la caisse militaire_; to escort the military chest.

=escot=, _n.m._, kind of serge; (nav.) skeet.

=escouade=, _n.f._, (milit.) squad; gang.

=escourgée=, _n.f._, scourge; lash; lashing.

=escourgeon= (-jon), _n.m._, winter-barley.

=escousse=, _n.f._, (l.u.) spring, run, start. _Prendre son —_; to take one’s spring.

=escrime=, _n.f._, fencing. _Salle d’—_; fencing-school. _Être hors d’—_; to be put off one’s guard; to be at one’s wits’ end.

=escrimer=, _v.n._, to fence; to spar; to have a trial of skill.

_s’_=escrimer=, _v.r._, to strive; to try; to dabble in; to have some knowledge of. _Il s’escrime toujours, mais rien n’y fait_; he keeps on pegging away, but nothing comes of it.

=escrimeur=, _n.m._, fencer.

=escroc= (ès-krô), _n.m._, sharper, swindler, blackleg.

=escroquer=, _v.a._, to swindle, to cheat.

=escroquerie= (ès-kro-krî), _n.f._, swindling, swindle, cheating.

=escroqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cheat, swindler.

=escubac=. _V._ =scubac=.

=esculape=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Æsculapius; (fam.) a clever physician.

=esculent=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) edible, eatable, esculent.

=escurial=, _n.m._, Escurial.

=ésope=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Æsop; (fam.) hunchback. _C’est un —_; he is a hunchback.

=ésotérique=, _adj._, esoteric.

=espace=, _n.m._, space, room, place, volume. _—s imaginaires_; imaginary space. _Court — de temps_; short space of time.

=espace=, _n.f._, (print.) space.

=espacement= (ès-pas-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) interval, interspace, spread; (print.) spacing.

=espacer=, _v.a._, to leave a space between; to separate, to place apart; to plant at regular intervals; (print.) to space.

=espade=, _n.f._, tewing-beetle (for hemp).

=espader=, _v.a._, to tew hemp.

=espadeur=, _n.m._, hemp-beater.

=espadon=, _n.m._, espadon, broadsword; two-handed sword; (ich.) swordfish.

=espadonner=, _v.n._, to fight with the broadsword.

=espadot=, _n.m._, boat-hook.

=espadrille=, _n.f._, bathing shoe, sandal.

*=espagnol=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Spaniard; Spanish. _La langue —e_; the Spanish tongue.

*=espagnol=, _n.m._, Spanish (language).

*=espagnolette=, _n.f._, baize; French window fastening.

=espalier=, _n.m._, (hort.) espalier; fruit-wall; (nav.) stroke-oar. _Venir en —_; to grow on an espalier.

=espalmer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to grave.

=esparcet=, _n.m._, =esparcette=, _n.f._, French honeysuckle; esparcet; sainfoin.

=espargoute=, _n.f._ _V._ =spergule=.

=espars=, _n.m.pl._, (nav.) spars.

=espèce=, _n.f._, species, kind, sort; nature; breed; case at issue, case in point, (jur.) case. _pl._, specie, ready money, hard cash; (theol.) element. _L’— humaine_; mankind. _Payer en —s_; to pay in cash. _—s sonnantes_; hard cash, cash down.

=espérance=, _n.f._, hope, confidence, trust, expectation. _Dans l’—_; in expectation. _Se nourrir d’—_; to feed on hope. _Vivre d’—_; to live on hope. _Répondre à ses —s_; to answer one’s expectations.

=espérer=, _v.a._, to hope, to hope for, to expect; to trust. _Il espère une meilleure fortune_; he hopes for a better fortune. _Je n’espère plus rien_; I have no further hopes.

=espérer=, _v.n._, to hope, to hope for, to be hopeful of; to put one’s trust in. _J’espère bien_; I hope so indeed. _En voilà une, j’espère_; that’s one, if you like.

=espiègle=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, frolicsome child; frolicsome, waggish, arch, roguish.

=espièglerie=, _n.f._, frolic, roguish _or_ playful trick, waggishness.

=espingole=, _n.f._, blunderbuss.

=espion=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, spy; (at races) touter.

=espionnage=, _n.m._, espionage; spy system, spying.

=espionner=, _v.a._, to spy, to pry into.

=esplanade=, _n.f._, esplanade, parade.

=espoir=, _n.m._, hope, expectance. _Avoir l’— de_; to be in hopes of. _Mettre son — dans_; to set one’s hopes on. _Sans —_; hopeless.

=espolin=, _n.m._ _V._ =époullin=.

=esponton=, _n.m._, spontoon, half-pike.

=espouleur=, _n.m._ _V._ =époulleur=.

=espoulin=, _n.f._ _V._ =époullin=.

=espringale=, _n.f._, springal (a kind of sling).

=esprit=, _n.m._, spirit, soul, ghost, shade; mind, sense, understanding, wit, intellect; humor, disposition, temper, character; meaning; spirit, spirituous liquor; (gram.) breathing. _— malin_; evil spirit, fiend. _— follet_; goblin. _Dieu est un —_; God is a spirit. _Le Saint-—_, _l’—-Saint_; the Holy Ghost. _— doux_; (Grec. gram.) soft breathing. _— rude_; (Grec. gram.) hard breathing. _— borné_, _étroit_; narrow intellect. _— dérangé_; disordered mind. _— de corps_; fellow-feeling, brotherhood. _— d’ordre_; orderliness, management. _— de suite_; consistency. _— de parti_; party spirit. _Cultiver l’—_; to cultivate the mind. _Un homme d’—_; a man of parts, a sensible man, a man of wit. _Un ouvrage d’—_; a work of talent. _Un bel —_; a wit. _Un — fort_; a free-thinker. _— présent_; ready wit. _S’alambiquer l’—_; to puzzle one’s brains. _Un homme à l’— étroit_; a narrow-minded man. _Aliéner l’— de quelqu’un_; to drive any one mad. _Avoir l’— sain_; to be of sound mind. _Avoir de l’—_; to be intelligent, to be witty, to be sensible. _Avoir l’— aux talons_; to shine at the wrong end, to go a wool-gathering. _Avoir l’— bien fait_; to be good-tempered. _Faire de l’—_; to play the wit. _Faire revenir l’— à quelqu’un_; to bring any one to his senses. _Faire revenir quelqu’un à l’— de_; to recall to any one, _or_ remind any one of. _Où avait-il l’— quand?_ where were his wits when? what was he thinking of, when? _Vous n’avez pas saisi l’— de cet auteur_; you have not understood the meaning of that author. _Reprendre ses —s_; to recover one’s senses; to come to one’s self. _Ne pas avoir l’— tranquille_; to be uneasy in one’s mind. _Remettre les —s_; to quiet people’s minds. _Rendre l’—_; to give up the ghost. _Venir dans l’—_; to come into one’s mind. _Passer pour un homme d’—_; to pass for a wit. _Les grands —s se rencontrent_; great wits jump together (_i.e._, when two people say the same thing together). _—s animaux_; animal spirits. _L’— court les rues_; wit is a drug in the market.

=esprité=, =-e=, _adj._, intelligent, clever, witty.

=esprot=, _n.m._, sprat.

=esquicher=, _v.n._, _s’—_, _v.r._, (reversis) to play a low card in order not to win a trick. _S’—_; (fig.) to answer evasively, to back out of.

=esquif=, _n.m._, skiff.

*=esquille=, _n.f._, splinter (of a bone).

=esquinancie=, _n.f._, quinsy.

=esquine=, _n.f._, (man.) horse’s loins; (bot.) China-root. _Un cheval fort d’—_; a horse strong in his loins. (bot.) _V._ =squine=.

=esquipot=, _n.m._, (fam.) money-box.

=esquisse=, _n.f._, sketch, outline, rough drawing; rough-draft; plan. _Cahier d’—s_; sketch-book. _Faire l’— de_; to make a sketch of. _L’— d’un poème_; the sketch of a poem.

=esquisser=, _v.a._, (paint.) to sketch, to outline.

=esquiver=, _v.a._, to shun, to avoid, to elude.

_s’_=esquiver=, _v.r._, to escape, to slip away, to steal away, to give the slip, to make off.

=esquiver=, _v.n._, to slip away, to make off; to avoid.

=essai=, _n.m._, trial, essay, attempt, endeavor; sample; experiment; testing, assaying (metal.). _Donner_, _prendre_, _à l’—_; to give, to take, on trial. _Faire son coup d’—_; to make one’s first attempt. _Faire l’— de_; to make a trial of. _— sur la peinture_; essay on painting. _Faire l’— de l’or_; to assay gold. _Pour —_; by way of trial.

=essaim= (è-sin), _n.m._, swarm; bevy, host.

=essaimer=, _v.n._, to swarm. _Cette ruche a essaimé_; that hive has swarmed.

=essanger=, _v.a._, to soak, to scour (dirty linen).

=essarder=, _v.a._, (nav.) to mop, to swab.

=essartement=, _n.m._, grubbing, clearing (of lands).

=essarter=, _v.a._, to clear, to grub; to assart.

=essaver=, _v.a._, to drain.

=essayage=, _n.m._, trying-on (of clothes).

=essayer=, _v.a._, to try; to essay, to attempt, to make a trial of; to assay. _— de l’or_; to assay gold. _— une chose_; to try a thing.

_s’_=essayer=, _v.r._, to try one’s strength _or_ one’s skill, to make attempts, to try one’s hand. _Il s’est essayé à peindre_; he has tried his hand at painting.

=essayer=, _v.n._, to try, to attempt, to make a trial. _Essayez de le persuader_; try to persuade him. _— de marcher_; to try to walk.

=essayerie=, _n.f._, assay-office (of the mint).

=essayeur=, _n.m._, assayer.

=essayiste=, _n.m.f._, essayist.

=esse=, _n.f._, S; linch-pin (of the axle-tree of a coach); fore-lock (of a gun-carriage).

=esseigler=, _v.a._, to clear of rye.

=esselier=, _n.m._, (man.) brace.

=esséminer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to disperse; to scatter.

=essence=, _n.f._, essence; substance; species (of trees); benzene; (of roses) otto, attar. _— de romarin_; essence of rosemary. _— de la vie_; heart’s blood.

=essénien=, _n.m._, Essene.

=essentiel=, =-le= (-cièl), _adj._, essential, material. _C’est là le point —_; that is the main point.

=essentiel= (-cièl), _n.m._, essential, essential point, main point, main thing.

=essentiellement= (-sièl-mān), _adv._, essentially, materially.

=essette=, _n.f._, hammer-axe.

=esseulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam., l.u.) solitary, abandoned.

=essieu=, _n.m._, axle-tree; pin (of a block), _écartement des —x_; wheel base (motor).

=essor=, _n.m._, flight; soaring, soar; strain; swing, play, scope, impulse, impulsion. _Donner l’— à_; to give wings to, to give scope to. _L’— du génie_; the soaring of genius. _Prendre son —_; to take one’s flight.

=essorant=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) soaring. _Un oiseau —_; (her.) a soaring bird.

=essorer=, _v.a._, to hang in the air in order to dry.

_s’_=essorer=, _v.r._, to soar aloft.

=essoreu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, dryer. _n.f._, drying machine.

*=essoriller=, _v.a._, to cut the ears (of a dog); to crop short (hair); to crop a dog.

=essoufflé=, =-e=, _part._, breathless; out of breath. _Être tout —_; to be quite out of breath.

=essoufflement=, _n.m._, panting, breathlessness.

=essouffler=, _v.a._, to put out of breath; to wind (horses). _S’—_, _v.r._, to put one’s self out of breath; to get or be out of breath.

=essui=, _n.m._, drying-closet, drying-house.

=essuie-main=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) towel.

=essuie-pieds=, _n.m._, mat, door-mat.

=essaie-plume=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) pen-wiper.

=essuyage=, _n.m._, wiping.

=essuyer=, _v.a._, to wipe, to wipe off, to wipe away, to wipe dry; to sustain, to support, to bear, to endure, to go through, to undergo. _— les larmes de quelqu’un_; to console any one. _— des affronts_; to endure affronts. _— un refus_ or _un revers_; to meet with a refusal _or_ a check.

_s’_=essuyer=, _v.r._, to dry one’s self. _S’— les mains_, _la figure_; to wipe one’s hands, one’s face.

=est= (èst), _n.m._, east. _D’—_; eastern, easterly. _Un vent d’—_; an easterly wind. _À l’—_; to the east, eastward. _Vers l’—_; eastward.

=estacade=, _n.f._, stockade; boom (of a harbor).

=estafette=, _n.f._, courier, express messenger; (milit.) estafette.

=estafier=, _n.m._, (b.s.) tall footman, flunkey, livery servant; lanky Jack; hector, bully.

=estafilade=, _n.f._, cut (in the face), gash, slash; rent (in clothes).

=estafilader=, _v.a._, to slash, to cut, to gash.

=estagnon=, _n.m._, a copper bottle.

=estame=, _n.f._, worsted, knitted worsted.

=estamet=, _n.m._, coarse, woolen fabric.

=estaminet=, _n.m._, coffee-house; smoking divan; shades; tap-room.

=estampage=, _n.m._, stamping (metal.).

=estampe=, _n.f._, print, engraving, cut; stamp. _Magasin d’—s_; print-shop; (tech.) stamping-machine, punch.

=estamper=, _v.a._, to stamp; to punch, to brand.

=estampeur=, _n.m._, stamper. _adj._, stamping.

=estampillage=, _n.m._, stamping, marking.

*=estampille=, _n.f._, stamp, mark, trade-mark.

*=estampiller=, _v.a._, to stamp, to mark.

=estanc=, _adj.m._, (nav.) water-tight, well-found. _Un navire —_; (nav.) a well-found ship.

=estance=, _n.f._, (nav.) stanchion.

=ester=, _v.n._, (jur.) to appear in court, to plead (before justice).

=estère=, _n.f._, straw mat; creek, cove.

=esteuble=, _n.f._, stubble. _V._ =éteule=.

=esthétique=, _n.f._, æsthetics.

=esthétique=, _adj._, æsthetical.

=estimable=, _adj._, estimable.

=estimateur=, _n.m._, appraiser, appreciator, valuer.

=estimatif=, _adj._, estimative. _Etat —_; estimate.

=estimation=, _n.f._, estimation, appraising, valuation, estimate. _Faire une — de_; to appraise, to estimate.

=estime=, _n.f._, esteem, regard, estimation; (nav.) reckoning. _Avoir de l’— pour_; to hold in esteem. _Être perdu d’— et de réputation_; to have lost one’s reputation, and the esteem of every one.

=estimer=, _v.a._, to estimate, to value; to rate, to assess; to esteem, to regard, to prize, to consider, to deem, to account. _— des meubles_; to value furniture. _— trop_; to overrate.

_s’_=estimer=, _v.r._, to esteem, _or_ to prize, one’s self; to set a value on one’s self; to consider one’s self; to esteem one another.

=estival=, =-e=, _adj._, estival, summer.

=estivation=, _n.f._, (bot.) estivation; (zoöl.) torpor.

=estive=, _n.f._, (nav.) trimming, stowing (cargo).

=estiver=, _v.a._, (nav.) to stow, to trim, to press the cargo down; to turn cattle out to grass during summer.

=estoc=, _n.m._, tuck (sword); point of a sword; trunk, stock (of trees); (nav.) ledge, rock, shelf. _Frapper d’— et de taille_; to cut and thrust, or to lay about (recklessly). _Parler d’— et de taille_; to talk at random. _Dites-vous cela de votre —?_ do you say that of yourself? is it original? _Être réduit à blanc —_; to be done up _or_ reduced to nothing. _À blanc —_; (agri.) to the root.

=estocade=, _n.f._, (fenc.) stoccado, stoccade, thrust, lunge; unexpected attack.

=estocader=, _v.n._, (fenc.) to thrust, to make passes, to lunge.

=estomac= (-ma), _n.m._, stomach; breast; chest. _Avoir mal à l’—_; to have a stomach-ache. _Ardeur d’—_; heartburn. _Soulever l’—_; to turn the stomach. _Tiraillements d’—_; twitching pains in the stomach. _Le creux de l’—_; the pit of the stomach.

_s’_=estomaquer=, _v.r._, (fam.) to take offense; not to be able to brook anything; to exhaust one’s self by speaking. _Il s’est estomaqué_; he is put out.

=estompage=, _n.m._, (draw.) stumping.

=estompe=, _n.f._, stump. _Dessin à l’—_; stump-drawing.

=estomper=, _v.a._, to stump; to shade off.

=estouffade=, _n.f._ _V._ =étouffée=.

=estrade=, _n.f._, platform, stand, stage. ☉_Battre l’—_; to scout; to be on the tramp. _Batteurs d’—_; ☉scouts; (fam.) strollers, trampers, vagrants.

=estragon=, _n.m._, (bot.) tarragon.

☉=estramaçon=, _n.m._, two-edged sword. _Coup d’—_; cut with the edge of a sword.

=estramaçonner=, _v.r._, (jest., l.u.) to strike with the edge of a sword, to cut, to slash.

=estrapade=, _n.f._, strappado; gibbet used for the strappado; (man.) estrapade. _Se donner l’—_; to torture one’s brains.

=estrapader=, _v.a._, to give the strappado, to torture.

=estrapasser=, _v.a._, (man.) to overwork, to override.

=estraper=, _v.a._, to mow (stubble).

=estrope=, _n.f._, (nav.) strop.

=estroper=, _v.a._, (nav.) to strop.

=estropiat=, _n.m._, (fam.) cripple; beggar.

=estropié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, cripple.

=estropié=, =-e=, _part._, crippled, lame; disabled. _Être — d’un bras_; to have an arm disabled. _Passage —_; mutilated passage.

=estropier=, _v.a._, to cripple, to lame, to maim, to disable; to mangle, to murder, to spoil, to mutilate. _— un passage_; to mutilate a passage. _— un rôle_; (theat.) to murder a part.

=estuaire=, _n.m._, (geog.) estuary.

=esturgeon= (-jon), _n.m._, (ich.) sturgeon.

=esule=, _n.f._, (bot.) esula.

=et= (é), _conj._, and. — ... —; both ... and; then, thereupon. _— vous — moi_; both you and I. [The final _t_ of _et_ is never pronounced.]

=établage=, _n.m._, stabling.

=étable=, _n.f._, stable (for oxen, sheep, goats); stall; cattle-shed; cattle-house; pig-sty, hog-sty, sty. _S’aborder de franche —_; (nav.) to run right into one another, to run foul of one another.

=établer=, _v.a._, to put in a stable, to stable.

=établi=, _n.m._, bench (joiner’s); shop-board, counter (tailor’s).

=établi=, =-e=, _part._, established; settled, laid down.

=établir=, _v.a._, to establish, to set, to fix, to erect, to set up, to set up in business; to institute, to found, to aver, to make good, to lay down (statements); to assert; to prove, to make out, to show; to induct; to strike (balance); to impose (a tax). _— sa fille_; to settle one’s daughter. _— un fait_; to state a fact; to make it good. _— par des exemples_; to prove, to make good, by examples.

_s’_=établir=, _v.r._, to establish one’s self, to fix one’s residence, to take up one’s residence; to settle down, to settle (marry); to set up shop; to set up in business, to set up for one’s self, to set up. _Il est venu s’— en France_; he came to settle in France. _Il songe à s’—_; he is thinking of settling down.

=établissement= (-blis-mān), _n.m._, establishment, establishing, settlement; setting up, fixing, placing, erecting; proving, making out, showing; imposition (of taxes); settling; setting up in business; (nav.) tide-table. _L’— d’un fait_; the stating, proving of a fact. _Les hôpitaux sont des —s très-utiles_; hospitals are highly useful institutions. _L’— de ses enfants_; the settling of one’s children. _Frais de premier —_; first expenses. _Dans l’—_; on the premises.

=étage=, _n.m._, story, floor; flight (of stairs); (geol., mining) layer, stratum. _Il demeure au troisième —_; he lives on the third floor. _Il y a des hommes d’esprit de tout —_; there are wits of every degree. _C’est un sot à triple —_; he is a consummate fool. _Avoir un menton à double —_; to have a double chin. _De bas —_; of low degree; low birth.

=étagé=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, rising tier upon tier; tapered, tapering.

=étager=, _v.a._, to taper; to dispose in tiers. _S’—_; to rise tier upon tier; to taper.

=étagère=, _n.f._, what-not, shelves.

=étague= (é-tag), _n.f._, (nav.) hoisting the yards.

=étai=, _n.m._, stay, shore; prop, strut. _— de misaine_; (nav.) fore-stay. _— d’artimon_; (nav.) mizzen-stay. _— du grand mât_; (nav.) main-stay.

=étaie=, _n.f._, (her.) chevronel.

☉=étaiement=, _n.m._, propping, staying, shoring, supporting, bearing up. _V._ =étayement=.

=étaim= (è-tin), _n.m._, fine carded wool.

=étain=, _n.m._, tin; pewter. _— fin_; pure tin. _— commun_; block tin. _— métallique_; white tin. _— oxydé_; tin-stone. _— en feuilles_; tin-foil. _— de glace_; tin-glass.

=étal=, _n.m._, stall; butcher’s stall; butcher’s shop.

=étalage=, _n.m._, laying out, exposing of goods for sale; goods exposed for sale; shop-window; window; stallage; finery, fine clothes; showing off, ostentatious display, show. _Cela n’est bon qu’à servir d’—_; that will only serve for show. _Faire — de son esprit_; to parade one’s wit. _Faire de l’—_; to make a show, to show off.

=étalagiste=, _n.m._, stall-keeper, window-dresser.

=étale=, _adj._, (nav.) still; slack (of the water); settled, steady (of the wind). _Mer —_; slack water, tide.

=étalé=, =-e=, _part._, spread out, unfolded, displayed.

=étaler=, _v.a._, to expose for sale; to put in the shop-window; to spread, to spread out; to show, to set forth, to display, to parade, to make a show _or_ parade of, to show off.

_s’_=étaler=, _v.r._, to be exposed for sale; to be hung up in the window; to be displayed, to be spread out; to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to show one’s self off, to show off. _S’— sur l’herbe_; to stretch one’s self at full length on the grass.

=étalier=, _n.m._, journeyman-butcher.

=étalinguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (nav.) to clinch.

=étalingure=, _n.f._, (nav.) clinch, bend (of a cable).

=étalon=, _n.m._, stallion; standard (of weight and measures). _D’—_; standard. _— de haras_; stud-horse.

=étalonnage= _or_ =étalonnement=, _n.m._, stamping (of weights, etc.); gauging.

=étalonner=, _v.a._, to stamp; to gauge.

=étalonneur=, _n.m._, inspector of weights and measures.

=étamage=, _n.m._, tinning; quicksilvering, silvering; plating.

=étambot= (_formerly_ étambord), _n.m._, (nav.) stern-post.

=étambrai=, _n.m._, (nav.) partner (of a mast, etc.).

=étamer=, _v.a._, to tin; to plate (glass); to foliate, to quicksilver.

=étameur=, _n.m._, tinman; silverer.

=étamine=, _n.f._, stamin; tammy; sieve; strainer, colander; bolting-cloth; bolter; bunting; (bot.) stamen, male organ, thrum. _Passer par l’—_; to sift. _Il a passé par l’—_; he has been strictly examined.

=étaminé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) stamened.

=étamineuse=, _adj.f._, (bot.) having stamina, but no petals or leaves.

=étaminier=, _n.m._, stamin-maker.

=étamper=, _v.a._, to punch (horse-shoes).

=étampure=, _n.f._, the holes of a horse-shoe.

=étamure=, _n.f._, melted tin, tinning, material for tinning.

=étanche=, _adj._, water-tight; air-tight; steam-tight.

=étanché=, _part._, stopped (of a leak).

=étanchement= (é-tānsh-mān), _n.m._, stanching; stopping; quenching; slaking. _L’— du sang_; the stopping of blood.

=étancher=, _v.a._, to stanch; to stop; to slake, to quench. _— le sang_; to stop the blood. _— la soif_; to quench the thirst. _— un vaisseau_; (nav.) to free a ship of water.

=étançon=, _n.m._, prop, stay, supporter, shore; (nav.) stanchion.

=étançonner=, _v.a._, to prop, to underprop, to stay, to support, to shore.

=étanfiche=, _n.f._, quarry-stratum.

=étang=, _n.m._, pond, fish-pond; pool. _Peupler un —_; to stock a pond. _Pêcher un —_; to drag a pond.

=étape=, _n.f._, store-house; rations; forage; halting place; stage. _Brûler l’—_; to pass through without stopping.

=étapier=, _n.m._, (milit.) distributor of rations.

=état=, _n.m._, state; commonweal, commonwealth; case, condition; position, circumstance, plight, predicament, account, statement, return; list, register, inventory, estimate; establishment; calling, profession, station; office. _pl._, dominions; (med.) acme; (milit.) list, muster-roll. _Mettre hors d’— de_; to put it out of any one’s power to. _Il est en — de payer_; he is able to pay, he is in a position to pay. _En quelque — que soit l’affaire_; however the matter may stand. _De son —_; by profession, by trade. _Se mettre en — de défense_; to put one’s self in a state of defense. _Mettre en —_; to enable, to prepare for. _Tenir une chose en —_; to keep a thing ready; to keep a thing in its place. _Tenir en —_; to keep in suspense. _Faire peu d’— de_; to have a poor opinion of. _L’—-major_; (_—s-—s_) (milit.) staff, staff-office, —s-généraux; states-general. _— de comptes_; statement of accounts. _Tenir un grand —_; to keep a large establishment. _Ministre_, _secrétaire_, _d’—_; minister, secretary, of state. _Coup d’—_; stroke of state policy. _Homme d’—_; statesman. _Affaires d’—_; state affairs. _Raison d’—_; state policy. _Les —s-Unis d’Amérique_; the United States of North America. _Remettre en —_; to set right again.

=étau=, _n.m._, vice. _Les mâchoires de l’—_; the chops of the vice. _— à main_; hand-vice.

=étayement= (-tê-mān), _n.m._, staying, shoring, bearing up, propping, supporting.

=étayer=, _v.a._, to stay, to prop, to bear up, to support, to shore.

=etc.=, _conj._, (ab. of _et cætera_) etc.

=et cætera=, _conj._, _et cætera_.

=été=, _n.m._, summer; prime (of life). _— chaud_, _brûlant_; warm, scorching, summer. _Au milieu de l’—_; in the middle of summer. _Être dans son —_; to be in one’s prime.

*=éteigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pers.) extinguisher.

*=éteignoir=, _n.m._, extinguisher (instrument).

=éteindre= (*éteignant, éteint), _v.a._, to put out, to extinguish, to quench, to appease; to exterminate, to destroy, to obliterate; to soften (colors); to wear out; to liquidate (a debt); to strike out. _Eteignez la chandelle_; put out the candle. _— de la chaux_; to slake lime. _— la soif_; to quench the thirst. _— une pension_; to buy up, to redeem, an annuity. _— une obligation_; to cancel an obligation. _— le souvenir de_; to obliterate the recollection of. _— une couleur_; to soften down a color.

_s’_=éteindre=, _v.r._, to be extinguished, to be put out, quenched; to go out, to die away, to die out; to decrease, to diminish, to be diminished; to be slaked (of lime). _Le feu s’éteint_; the fire is going out. _Cette maison va s’—_; that family will soon die out, will soon be extinct.

=éteint=, =-e=, _part._, put out, extinguished, out, extinct. _Mon feu est —_; my fire is out. _Elle a la voix —e_; her voice is scarcely audible. _Des yeux —s_; dull eyes.

=étendage=, _n.m._, lines to hang things to dry upon; drying-room.

=étendard=, _n.m._, standard, colors, banner, flag. _Arborer_, _déployer_, _planter_, _un —_; to hoist, to display, to plant, a standard. _Lever l’— de la révolte_; to raise the standard of rebellion.

=étendeuse=, _n.f._, (spinning) stretcher.

=étendoir=, _n.m._, drying-room; (print.) peel.

=étendre=, _v.a._, to spread, to stretch, to expand, to distend; to lay out; to lengthen, to prolong, to draw out; to lay dead, to kill one on the spot; to enlarge, to extend, to widen; to wire-draw; to lay on (colors); to overthrow, to throw down. _— du beurre sur du pain_; to spread butter upon bread. _— son armée_; to extend one’s army. _— du linge_; to lay out linen. _— le bras_; to stretch out one’s arm. _— les ailes_; to spread the wings. _— son commerce_; to extend one’s trade.

_s’_=étendre=, _v.r._, to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to reach, to extend; to expatiate, to dwell; to lengthen, to grow out; to draw out, to launch. _Il s’étendit tout de son long sur l’herbe_; he laid himself at full length upon the grass. _Aussi loin que la vue peut s’—_; as far as the eye can reach. _S’— sur un sujet_; to expatiate, to dwell, upon a subject.

=étendu=, =-e=, _part._, stretched, spread, extended. _Du linge — sur l’herbe_; linen laid out on the grass. _Un empire fort —_; a widely extended empire. _La vue est ici fort —e_; the view here is very extensive. _Des connaissances —es_; extensive knowledge. _Il a une voix très —e_; he has great compass of voice. _C’est un esprit fort —_; he is a man of vast intellect.

=étendue=, _n.f._, extent, extensiveness, expanse; compass, length. _Dans toute son —_; to the full. _La vaste — des mers_; the wide expanse of ocean. _Grande — de voix_; great compass of voice.

=éternel=, =-le=, _adj._, eternal, everlasting, ever-enduring, endless, ever-living. _Le Père —_; God Almighty.

=éternel=, _n.m._, Eternal, God; Everlasting.

=éternelle=, _n.f._ _V._ =immortelle=.

=éternellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, eternally, to all eternity, everlastingly; forever, perpetually; incessantly, continually, for evermore.

=éterniser=, _v.a._, to perpetuate. _— son nom_; to immortalize one’s name.

_s’_=éterniser=, _v.r._, to be perpetuated, to be rendered eternal.

=éternité=, _n.f._, eternity, everlastingness. _De toute —_; from all eternity.

=éternue=, _n.f._, (bot.) florin, sneezewort.

=éternuement= _or_ =éternûment=, _n.m._, sneezing, sneeze.

=éternuer=, _v.n._, to sneeze.

=éternueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sneezer.

=étésien=, _adj._, etesian.

=étêtement= (é-têt-mān), _n.m._, pollarding, topping.

=étêter=, _v.a._, (hort.) to top, to pollard; to take off the heads (of nails, pins).

☉=éteuf= (é-teu), _n.m._, ball (at tennis).

=éteule= _or_ =esteuble=, _n.f._, stubble.

=éther= (é-tèr), _n.m._, ether.

=éthéré=, =-e=, _adj._, ethereal.

=éthérifier=, _v.a._, to etherealize; to etherize.

_s’_=éthérifier=, _v.r._, to become etherized.

=éthérisation=, _n.f._, (chem.) etherification.

=éthériser=, _v.a._, (chem.) to etherealize; (med.) to produce insensibility by means of ether.

=éthiopien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Ethiopian.

=éthique=, _n.f._, ethics, morals.

=éthique=, _adj._, ethic, ethical.

=ethmoïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) ethmoidal. _L’os —_; ethmoidal bone.

=ethmoïde=, _n.m._, (anat.) ethmoid.

=ethnarchie=, _n.f._, ethnarchy.

=ethnarque=, _n.m._, ethnarch.

=ethnique=, _adj._, ethnic, ethnical.

=ethnographe=, _n.m._, ethnologist.

=ethnographie=, _n.f._, ethnography.

=ethnographique=, _adj._, ethnographical.

=ethnologie=, _n.f._, ethnology, ethnography.

=ethnologue=, _n.m._, ethnologist, ethnographer.

=ethnologique=, _adj._, ethnologie, ethnological.

=éthologie=, _n.f._, ethology.

=éthologique=, _adj._, ethologic.

=éthopée=, _n.f._, description of human passions and manners.

=étiage= (é-tiaj), _n.m._, low-water mark.

=étier= (é-tié), _n.m._, ditch (for conveying sea-water to a salt-marsh).

=étincelant=, =-e= (é-tin-slān, -t), _adj._, sparkling, glittering, flashing, twinkling, glistening.

=étinceler= (é-tin-slé), _v.n._, to sparkle, to flash, to gleam, to twinkle, to glitter. _Les yeux lui étincellent de colère_; his eyes are flashing with anger. _Cet ouvrage étincelle d’esprit_; that work sparkles with wit.

=étincelette=, _n.f._, little spark.

=étincelle=, _n.f._, spark, flash of fire. _Jeter des —s_; to throw out sparks. _Il n’a pas une — de bon sens_; he is utterly devoid of good sense.

=étincellement= (-sèl-mān), _n.m._, sparkling, twinkling, glistening, scintillation.

=étiolement= (é-tiol-mān), _n.m._, etiolation, branching; sickliness (of plants); (med.) chlorosis; paleness, emaciation.

=étiolé=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, etiolated; pale, wan, emaciated; sickly.

=étioler=, _v.a._, to etiolate (plants).

_s’_=étioler=, _v.r._, to etiolate, to blanch; (pers.) to be weakened, to grow enfeebled; (of plants) to waste away; to wither.

=étiologie=, _n.f._, (med.) etiology.

=étique=, _adj._, hectic; consumptive; lean, lank, emaciated.

=étiqueter= (é-tik-té), _v.a._, to label, to ticket.

=étiquette=, _n.f._, ticket, label; etiquette. _Condamner sur l’— du sac_; to condemn without examining, _or_ to condemn on appearances. _Tenir à l’—_; to be particular; to stand on ceremony.

=étirage=, _n.m._, stretching; wire-drawing.

=étire=, _n.f._, stretching-iron (of curriers).

=étirer=, _v.a._, to stretch; (tech.) to lengthen, to wire-draw.

_s’_=étirer=, _v.r._, to stretch out one’s limbs.

=étisie=, _n.f._, consumption, decline.

=étoffe=, _n.f._, stuff; cloth, material; condition, quality, worth. _pl._, stuffs; (print.) wear and tear, plant. _— drapée_; woolen cloth. _Il y a de l’— chez lui_; he has got some stuff in him.

=étoffé=, =-e=, _adj._, stuffed, lined; upholstered (of furniture); comfortably off; stout, full-bodied; substantial. _Discours bien —_; well-arranged speech; speech full of capital things. _Maison bien —e_; well-furnished house. _Homme bien —_; man in good circumstances.

=étoffer=, _v.a._, to stuff, to line, to furnish with materials; to upholster.

=étoile=, _n.f._, star; (man.) blaze; center (of walks in parks); star-wheel, fate, destiny; asterisk; (print., fort.) star. _À la lumière des —s_; by starlight. _— polaire_; polar-star. _— tombante_, _filante_; shooting star. _— de mer_; starfish. _Coucher à la belle —_; to sleep in the open air. _Né sous une mauvaise —_; born under an unlucky star. _Voir des —s en plein midi_; to “see stars.”

=étoilé=, =-e=, _adj._, starry; full of stars, studded. _La voûte —e_; the spangled vault. _Bouteille —e_; starred bottle (cracked).

=étoiler=, _v.a._, to star, to stud with stars; to crack; to blaze; to mark with a star.

_s’_=étoiler=, _v.r._, to star, to crack; to become studded with stars.

=étole=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) stole.

=étonnamment= (é-to-na-mān), _adv._, astonishingly, wonderfully, amazingly.

=étonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, astonishing, surprising, wonderful, marvelous, amazing.

=étonné=, =-e=, _part._, astonished. _Être — de_; to be astonished at. _Faire_, _jouer l’—_; to feign astonishment.

=étonnement= (é-ton-mān), _n.m._, astonishment, amazement; admiration, wonder; fright, terror; ☉shock. _Frapper d’—_; to strike with amazement. _Remplir d’—_; to fill with astonishment. _Je ne reviens pas de mon —_; I cannot recover from my astonishment. _Tout le monde est dans l’—_; every body is amazed. _À l’— de tout le monde_; to the astonishment of everybody.

=étonner=, _v.a._, to astonish, to amaze, to startle, to stagger; to astound, to stun. _Je suis étonné qu’il ne m’en ait rien dit_; I wonder he said nothing about it to me.

_s’_=étonner=, _v.r._, to be astonished, to be amazed, to wonder. _Il ne s’étonne de rien_; he is astonished at nothing.

=étouffade=, _n.f._ _V._ =étouffée=.

=étouffant=, =-e=, _adj._, suffocating; sultry, close, sweltering. _Chaleur —e_; sweltering heat.

=étouffé=, =-e=, _part._, suffocated, stifled; suppressed; concealed; stamped out.

=étouffée=, _n.f._, (cook.) estoufade.

=étouffement= (é-toof-mān), _n.m._, suffocation, stifling.

=étouffer=, _v.a._, to suffocate, to choke, to throttle, to smother, to stifle, to suppress; to hush up; to deaden (sound). _Les mauvaises herbes étouffent le blé_; weeds choke the corn. _— une affaire_; to hush up an affair. _— une révolte_; to suppress a revolt. _— la voix_; to drown the voice.

=étouffer=, _v.n._, to be choking, to be choked; to be suffocated; to swelter. _On étouffe ici_; there is no breathing here. _— de rire_; to choke with laughter.

=étouffoir=, _n.m._, cinder-pail; extinguisher (for charcoal); damper (piano).

=étoupe=, _n.f._, tow, oakum. _Mettre le feu aux —s_; to add fuel to the flame; to fan. _— goudronnée_; tarred oakum.

=étoupement=, _n.m._, stopping, stuffing; (nav.) calking.

=étouper=, _v.a._, to stop (with tow _or_ oakum); (nav.) to calk. _S’— les oreilles_; to stop one’s ears with cotton-wool.

=étoupi-er=, =-ère=, _n.m.f._, oakum-picker.

*=étoupille=, _n.f._, (artil.) quick-match; tube.

*=étoupiller=, _v.a._, (artil.) to prime.

*=étoupillon=, _n.m._, (artil.) toppin.

=étoupin=, _n.m._, wad, wadding.

=étourdeau=, _n.m._, young capon.

=étourderie=, _n.f._, giddiness, heedlessness, thoughtlessness, giddy act, blunder. _Il fait toujours des —s_; he is always committing some thoughtless act or other.

=étourdi=, =-e=, _adj._, stunned; giddy, dizzy, thoughtless, heedless; giddy-headed.

=étourdi=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, rattle-head, mad-cap, romp. _C’est une —e_; she is a giddy creature. _À l’—e_; giddily, heedlessly, rashly. _Jeter à l’—e_; to blurt out.

=étourdiment=, _adv._, inconsiderately, heedlessly, thoughtlessly.

=étourdir=, _v.a._, to stun, to deafen, to make dizzy, to make giddy; to astound; to din; to assuage (pain); to parboil. _— la grosse faim_; to take the edge off one’s appetite. _— de la viande_; to partly cook meat. _— de l’eau_; to take the chill off of the water.

_s’_=étourdir=, _v.r._, to divert one’s thoughts; to be preoccupied; to try to forget. _Il s’étourdit sur son chagrin_; he tries to forget his grief.

=étourdissant=, =-e=, _adj._, stunning, deafening, astounding.

=étourdissement= (-dis-mān), _n.m._, stunning, dizziness, giddiness; amazement; stupefaction; stupor; shock. _Il a des —s_; he is subject to attacks of giddiness. _Le premier — passé_; when the first shock was over.

=étourneau=, _n.m._, (orni.) starling; giddy fellow; flea-bitten horse.

=étourneau=, _adj._, flea-bitten (of horses).

=étrange=, _adj._, strange, odd, queer, novel; uncouth. _Chose —!_ strange! strange to say! _C’est une personne bien —_; she is a very queer sort of a person.

=étrangement= (é-tranj-mān), _adv._, strangely, queerly; terribly.

=étrang-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, strange; foreign; unknown; irrelevant; outlandish. _Ministre des affaires —ères_; minister for foreign affairs. _Être — à une science_; to be unacquainted with a science. _Un fait — à la cause_; a fact unconnected with _or_ foreign to the case. _Corps —_; extraneous body. _Une langue —e_; a foreign language.

=étrang-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, foreigner, stranger, alien, outsider; foreign parts. _C’est un —_; he is a foreigner. _À l’—_; abroad. _Passer à l’—_; to go abroad.

☉=étranger=, _v.a._, to estrange, to drive away.

_s’_=étranger=, _v.r._, (hunt.) to desert a country, to disappear from (of game).

=étrangeté= (é-tranj-té), _n.f._, strangeness; oddness, queerness.

☉=étranglant=, =-e=, _adj._, strangling; overwhelming, amazing; decisive.

=étranglé=, =-e=, _part._, scanty, too narrow. _Discours —_; speech too much compressed.

=étrangle-loup=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) true-love.

=étranglement=, _n.m._, strangling; garotting; (med.) strangulation; stricture.

=étrangler=, _v.a._, to strangle, to throttle, to choke, to stifle; to make too little, too narrow, to make scanty, to compress, to confine, to scant, to slur over. _Cet habit est étranglé_; that coat is too scanty. _— une affaire_; to slur over a business.

_s’_=étrangler=, _v.r._, to strangle one’s self.

=étrangler=, _v.n._, to be choked, to be strangled.

=étrangleu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, garotter, strangler.

*=étranguillon= (-ghi-ion), _n.m._, (vet.) strangles. _Poire d’—_; choke-pear.

=étrape=, _n.f._, small sickle (for stubble).

=étraper=, _v.a._, to cut stubble.

=étraquer=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to track (on the snow).

=étrave=, _n.f._, (nav.) stem.

=être= (étant, été), _v.n._, to be, to exist; to belong; to have; to stand; to take part in; to come; to go; to lie; to prove to be; to turn out to be. _— en bonne santé_; to be in good health. _— fatigué_; to be tired. _— à quelque chose_; to be doing anything. _Y —_; to be at home; to have hit it. _En — là_; to have come to that. _J’y suis_; I have it. _Je suis des vôtres_; I shall join your party. _Je n’en suis plus_; I cry off. _Il n’en est rien_; such is not the case, it is nothing of the sort. _— sage_; (of children) to be good. _— bien avec quelqu’un_; to be on good terms with any one. _— mal avec quelqu’un_; to be on bad terms with any one. _— de moitié_; to go halves. _Hé bien, soit_; well, let it be so. _Ainsi soit-il_; so be it. _Ce tableau est du Poussin_; this picture is by Poussin. _Il est de Paris_; he is a native of Paris. _Cet enfant est à moi_; that child belongs to me. _Cela n’est pas_; it is not so. _C’est que_; the fact is, the truth is. _Si ce n’est que_; except that. _N’eût été que_; had it not been for. _Il en sera de nous comme des autres_; it will be with us as with others. _Ce sont eux qui_; it is they who. _Je suis à vous dans un moment_; I shall be at your service, with you, in a moment. _Cette fois ça y est_; now for it! Done this time, and no mistake! _Qu’est-ce que c’est?_ what is it? _C’est à vous de parler_; it is for you to speak. _C’est à vous à parler_; it is your turn to speak. _Où en êtes-vous?_ where are you? how far have you got? _Je ne sais pas où j’en suis_; I do not know how I am situated, I do not know what I am about. _Il est à présumer_; it is to be presumed. _Il n’est pas en moi de l’éviter_; it does not depend upon me to avoid it. _En êtes-vous encore là?_ do you still believe that? _Il en sera ce qu’il plaira à Dieu_; it will be as God pleases. _J’en serai de moitié_; I will go halves in it. _J’y suis pour un tiers_; I am in for a third share. _Je n’en suis plus_; I have declared off. _Je n’y suis pour rien_; I have no hand in the matter. _C’en est fait du lui_; it is all over with him. _Voilà où nous en sommes_; such is our present situation. _Il ne sait où il en est_; he does not know where he is. _Que sera-ce de?_ what will become of? _Vous y êtes_; you have hit it. _Cela n’en est pas_; that does not belong to it. _Je suis tout à vous_; I am entirely at your service. _Si j’étais de_ or _Si j’étais que de vous_; (fam.) were I in your place. _Je n’y suis pour personne_; I am at home to no one. _Madame n’y est pas_; my mistress is not at home. _Quoi qu’il en soit_; at all events, be that as it may. _En — pour son argent_; to lose one’s money over anything. _J’en suis pour mes frais_; I have lost my time and money. _En — pour vingt francs_; to be in for it to the tune of twenty francs. _— à l’étroit_; to be cramped for room. _On ne peut pas — et avoir été_; you can’t have your cake and eat it.

=être=, _n.m._, being, existence; trunk (of a tree). _Les —s d’une maison_; the parts, ins and outs of a house. _Non —_; nonentity. _Bien-—_; welfare, comforts of life. _Il sait tous les —s de cette maison_; he knows all the ways of that house. _Couper à blanc —_; (of trees) to cut down to the root.

=étrécir=, _v.a._ _V._ =rétrécir=.

_s’_=étrécir=, _v.r._ _V._ _se_ =rétrécir=.

=étrécissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._ _V._ =rétrécissement=.

=étrécissure=, _n.f._ _V._ =rétrécissure=.

=étreindre= (étreignant, étreint), _v.a._, to bind, to tie, to tie up; to press, to clasp.

=étreinte=, _n.f._, knot; clasping, pressing; embrace. _De douces —s_; sweet embraces.

=étrenne= (é-trè-n), _n.f._, handsel. _pl._, New Year’s gift.

=étrenner= (é-trè-né), _v.a._, to give a New Year’s gift, to give a Christmas-box; to handsel; to try _or_ put on for the first time; to buy the first lot.

*=étrésillon=, _n.m._, prop, stay, support.

*=étrésillonner=, _v.a._, to prop, to stay.

=étrier=, _n.m._, stirrup; iron-hook; (surg.) stirrup-bandage; strap. _Il est ferme sur ses —s_; he has a firm seat in the saddle. _Vin_ or _coup de l’—_; stirrup-cup. _Il a toujours le pied à l’—_; he is never out of the saddle. _Courir à franc —_; to ride full speed. _Faire perdre les —s à quelqu’un_; to put any one out of countenance. _Tenir l’— à_; to give a lift to.

=étrière=, _n.f._, stirrup-bar; spring-bar.

*=étrille=, _n.f._, curry-comb.

*=étriller=, _v.a._, to curry, to comb (a horse); to fleece; to give a thrashing to; to drub.

=étriper=, _v.a._, to gut (animal). _Aller à — cheval_; to ride a horse at breakneck speed.

=étriqué=, =-e=, _adj._, scanty; narrow; curtailed. _Habits —s_; scanty clothes, coat.

=étrivière=, _n.f._, stirrup-leather. _Donner les —s à quelqu’un_; to give any one a thrashing. _Allonger l’—_; to raise fresh difficulties; to cause further delay.

=étroit=, =-e=, _adj._, narrow, tight, strait, close; intimate; limited, confined; scanty, small. _Habit —_; tight coat. _Esprit —_; narrow mind. _Être dans une —e amitié avec quelqu’un_; to be on the most intimate terms with any one. _A l’—_; narrowly. _Être à l’—_; to be pinched, to be poor, to be badly off for room. _Vivre à l’—_; to live sparingly.

=étroitement= (é-troat-mān), _adv._, closely, tightly, narrowly; intimately, sparingly. _— uni_; closely united.

=étroitesse=, _n.f._, narrowness; straitness; tightness, closeness. _— d’esprit_; narrow-mindedness.

=étronçonner=, _v.a._, to lop off.

=étrusque=, _adj._, Etruscan.

=étude=, _n.f._, study; (in colleges) school-room, time of study; examination; survey; rehearsal; (paint.) academy figure; office, chambers, practice (of attorneys); disguise, art, affectation. _pl._, education. _Cabinet d’—_; study. _Maître d’—_; usher. _Avoir de l’—_; to be a man of attainment. _Je me fais une — de_; I make it a study to. _Il a fait ses —s_; he has finished his education. _Il a fait de bonnes —s_; he has had a good education. _Être sans —_; to have no education. _À l’—_; (of plans) being considered, under consideration; (of plays) in rehearsal.

=étudiant=, _n.m._, student, undergraduate. _— en droit_; law student. _— en médecine_; medical student.

=étudié=, =-e=, _part._, studied, affected, far-fetched. _Langage —_; studied language. _Tableau fort —_; elaborate piece of painting.

=étudier=, _v.n._, to study; to learn; to practise (music); to examine; to survey.

=étudier=, _v.a._, to study; to practise (music). _— la nature_; to study nature. _— son rôle_; to study one’s part. _— un discours_; to study a speech.

_s’_=étudier=, _v.r._, to study, to make it one’s study, to school one’s self.

=étudiole=, _n.f._, paper-case.

=étui=, _n.m._, case, box; sheath, wing-sheath; needle-case. _— de chapeau_; hat-box.

=étuve=, _n.f._, sweating-room; (manu.) stove, drying stove.

=étuvée=, _n.f._, stewed meat.

=étuvement= (é-tuv-mān), _n.m._, bathing, fomenting (of a wound).

=étuver=, _v.a._, to bathe, to foment; (cook.) to stew.

☉=étuviste=, _n.m._, bath-keeper.

=étymologie=, _n.f._, etymology.

=étymologique=, _adj._, etymological.

=étymologiquement=, _adv._, etymologically.

=étymologiser=, _v.n._, to etymologize.

=étymologiste=, _n.m._, etymologist.

=eubages=, _n.m.pl._, Gaulish Druids.

=eucharistie= (eu-ka-ris-tî), _n.f._, Eucharist.

=eucharistique=, _adj._, eucharistical.

=eucologe=, _n.m._, euchology.

=eucraisie=, _n.f._, (med.) eucrasy.

=eudiomètre=, _n.m._, eudiometer.

=eudiométrie=, _n.f._, eudiometry.

=eudiométrique=, _adj._, eudiometric.

=eufraise=, _n.f._, (bot.) euphrasy, eyebright.

=euh=, _int._, aha! oh! Euh! Euh! so, so.

=eulogie=, _n.f._, ☉(rel.) consecrated bread. _pl._, (Grec. rel.) broken remnants of the host.

=euménide=, _n.f._, (myth.) Fury.

=eunuque=, _n.m._, eunuch.

=eupatoire=, _n.f._, (bot.) eupatory.

=euphémique=, _adj._, euphemistic.

=euphémisme=, _n.m._, euphemism.

=euphonie=, _n.f._, euphony.

=euphonique=, _adj._, euphonical.

=euphorbe=, _n.m._, (bot.) euphorbia, spurge, (pharm.) euphorbium.

=euphorbiacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) euphorbiaceæ.

=européen=, =-ne= (-in, è-n), _n._ and _adj._, European.

=eurythmie=, _n.f._, eurythmy.

=eustache=, _n.m._, cheap clasp-knife, whittle.

=eustyle=, _n.m._, (arch.) eustyle.

=eutychéen= _or_ =eutychien=, _n.m._, eutychian.

=eux=, _pron._ _m.pl._, they; them. _—-mêmes_; themselves. _Entre —_; between them.

=évacuant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) evacuant.

=évacuant=, _n.m._, (med.) evacuant.

=évacuati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med., l.u.) evacuant.

=évacuation=, _n.f._, evacuation; ejection. _L’— d’une place_; the evacuation of a fortress _or_ town.

=évacuer=, _v.a._, to evacuate; to throw off, to eject, to clear. _— les humeurs_; to throw off the humours. _Faites — la salle_; clear the room. _— une place_; to evacuate a place.

_s’_=évader=, _v.r._, to make one’s escape, to escape, to break loose; to get away.

=évagation=, _n.f._, evagation.

=évaluable=, _adj._, ratable, appraisable.

=évaluation=, _n.f._, valuation, estimate. _L’— d’une perte_; the estimate of a loss.

=évaluer=, _v.a._, to value, to estimate, to rate.

=évangélique=, _adj._, evangelical.

=évangéliquement= (-lik-mān), _adv._, evangelically.

=évangéliser=, _v.a._, to evangelize, to preach the Gospel to.

=évangéliser=, _v.n._, to evangelize, to preach the Gospel.

=évangéliste=, _n.m._, Evangelist.

=évangile=, _n.m._, Gospel. _Côté de l’—_; left-hand side of the altar. _Prêcher l’—_; to preach the Gospel. _Il croit cela comme l’—_; he takes that for Gospel. _Prendre tout pour paroles d’—_; to take all for Gospel. _L’— du jour_; the current news; (rel.) the gospel for the day.

=évanoui=, =-e=, _adj._, in a swoon; insensible, unconscious, senseless; vanished, dispelled, gone.

_s’_=évanouir=, _v.r._, to faint, to swoon, to swoon away; to vanish, to disappear, to fade away. _Cette nouvelle l’a fait s’—_; that news made her swoon.

=évanouissement= (-noo-is-mān), _n.m._, swoon, swooning away, fainting fit, syncope, disappearance. _Revenir d’un —_; to recover from a swoon.

=évaporable=, _adj._, evaporable.

=évaporati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, causing evaporation.

=évaporation=, _n.f._, evaporation; giddiness, thoughtlessness.

=évaporatoire=, _adj._, evaporating.

=évaporé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, giddy, thoughtless person; evaporate, evaporated. _Un jeune homme —_; a giddy-brained youth.

=évaporer=, _v.a._, to evaporate, to give vent, to pour out in words. _— son chagrin_; to give vent to one’s grief.

_s’_=évaporer=, _v.r._, to evaporate; to get giddy, heedless. _Il commence à s’—_; his conduct is becoming irregular.

=évasé=, _part._, widened; bell-shaped; bell-mouthed. _Nez —_; nose with wide nostrils.

=évasement= (é-vâz-mān), _n.m._, width, widening (at the mouth of a vase, etc.); (arch.) splay.

=évaser=, _v.a._, to widen (an opening); to spread, to extend; (arch.) to splay. _— un tuyau_; to widen a pipe. _— un arbre_; to extend a tree. _S’—_; to be widened; to extend, to spread.

=évasi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, evasive.

=évasion=, _n.f._, escape, flight, elopement.

=évasivement=, _adv._, evasively.

=évasure=, _n.f._, opening; splay.

=évêché=, _n.m._, bishopric; episcopate, see; bishop’s palace.

=évection=, _n.f._, (astron.) evection.

*=éveil=, _n.m._, (l.u.) awakening; (fig.) warning, hint, alert; alarm; suspicion; awaking, rousing. _En —_; on one’s guard; on the watch. _Donner l’—_; to warn.

*=éveillé=, =-e=, _adj._, awake, brisk, lively, sprightly; sharp, smart, intelligent. _Elle est fort —e_; she is very sprightly.

*=éveiller=, _v.a._, to awake, to awaken, to wake, to rouse, to excite, to enliven. _— les soupçons_; to arouse suspicion.

*_s’_=éveiller=, _v.r._, to awake, to wake up; to get animated. _Elle s’est éveillée en sursaut_; she awoke with a start.

=éveilleu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, awakener; rouser.

=événement= (é-vé-n-mān), _n.m._, event, occurrence; emergency; issue, end, result. _À tout —_; at all events; to provide for emergencies. _En cas d’—_; upon an emergency.

=évent=, _n.m._, flatness, vapidness, deadness; open air; vent-hole; air-hole; (artil.) windage. _Sentir l’—_; to smell vapid. _Avoir la tête à l’—_; to be thoughtless, hare-brained, scatter-brained.

=éventable=, _adj._, liable to go flat.

*=éventail=, _n.m._, fan. _Fenêtre en —_; fan-light.

*=éventailliste=, _n.m.f._, fan-maker.

=éventaire=, _n.m._, flat basket.

=éventé=, =-e=, _part._, fanned, aired, flat, dead; giddy, thoughtless. _Vin —_; dead, flat wine. _Un homme —_; a giddy, scatter-brained man.

=éventer=, _v.a._, to fan, to winnow (corn); to air; to deaden; to let (wine) get flat; to injure by exposure to the air; to discover (a mine); to divulge, to get wind of; to let out (a secret); to discover.

_s’_=éventer=, _v.r._, to fan one’s self, to evaporate, to pall, to become flat; to be divulged; to get abroad; to get wind.

=éventoir=, _n.m._, fire-fan.

=éventrer=, _v.a._, to embowel, to disembowel, to eviscerate, to gut (fish); to rip up, to break open; to open (a pie).

_s’_=éventrer=, _v.r._, to rip open one’s bowels.

=éventualité=, _n.f._, uncertainty, contingency, eventuality.

=éventuel=, =-le=, _adj._, eventual, contingent, uncertain.

=éventuel=, _n.m._, extra-grant, capitation-fee.

=éventuellement= (-tuèl-mān), _adv._, eventually, contingently.

=éventure=, _n.f._, crack, flaw.

=évêque=, _n.m._, bishop. _— in partibus_; bishop in partibus. _Devenir d’— meunier_; to descend from peer to peasant. _Un chien regarde bien un —_; a cat may look at a king.

=éversi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, eversive; subversive.

=éversion=, _n.f._, eversion, overthrow.

_s’_=évertuer=, _v.r._, to struggle, to strive, to exert _or_ bestir one’s self; to move heaven and earth. _Je m’évertue à le faire_; I do all I can to accomplish it.