Chapter XII: Front Matter (12)

ALEWIFE Ale"wife`, n.; pl. Alewives. Etym: [This word is properly aloof, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maize in America, "Phil Trans." No. 142, p. 1065, and Baddam's "Memoirs," vol. ii. p. 131.]Etym: (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American fish (Clupea vernalis) of the Herring family. It is called also ellwife, ellwhop, branch herring. The name is locally applied to other related species.

ALEXANDERS; ALISANDERS Al`ex*an"ders, Al`i*san"ders, n. Etym: [OE. alisaundre, OF. alissandere, fr. Alexander or Alexandria.] (Bot)

Defn: A name given to two species of the genus Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now is; -- called also horse parsely.

ALEXANDRIAN Al`ex*an"dri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the Alexandrian library.

2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See Alexandrine, n.

ALEXANDRINE Al`ex*an"drine, a.

Defn: Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian. Bancroft.

ALEXANDRINE Al`ex*an"drine, n. Etym: [F. alexandrin.]

Defn: A kind of verse consisting in English of twelve syllables. The needless Alexandrine ends the song, That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along. Pope.

ALEXIA A*lex"i*a, n. [NL.; a- not + Gr. speech, fr. to speak, confused with L. legere to read.] (Med.) (a) As used by some, inability to read aloud, due to brain disease. (b) More commonly, inability, due to brain disease, to understand written or printed symbols although they can be seen, as in case of word blindness.

ALEXIPHARMAC; ALEXIPHARMACAL A*lex`i*phar"mac, A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal, a. & n. Etym: [See Alexipharmic.]

Defn: Alexipharmic. [Obs.]

ALEXIPHARMIC A*lex`i*phar"mic, n. (Med.)

Defn: An antidote against poison or infection; a counterpoison.

ALEXIPHARMIC; ALEXIPHARMICAL A*lex`i*phar"mic, A*lex`i*phar"mic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. alexipharmaque.] (Med.)

Defn: Expelling or counteracting poison; antidotal.

ALEXIPYRETIC A*lex`i*py*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile. -- n.

Defn: A febrifuge.

ALEXITERIC A*lex`i*ter"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. alexitère, LL. alexiterium.] (Med.)

Defn: A preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the effects of poison in general. Brande & C.

ALEXITERIC; ALEXITERICAL A*lex`i*ter"ic, A*lex`i*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. alexitère.] (med.)

Defn: Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom; alexipharmic.

ALFA ; ALFA GRASS Al"fa or Al"fa grass", n.

Defn: A plant (Macrochloa tenacissima) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in paper making.

ALFALFA Al*fal"fa, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: The lucern (Medicago sativa); -- so called in California, Texas, etc.

ALFENIDE Al"fe*nide, n. (Metal.)

Defn: An alloy of nickel and silver electroplated with silver.

ALFERES Al*fe"res, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. Ar. al-fars knight.]

Defn: An ensign; a standard bearer. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

ALFET Al"fet, n. Etym: [LL. alfetum, fr. AS. alfæt a pot to boil in; al burning + fæt vat.]

Defn: A caldron of boiling water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test of innocence or guilt.

ALFILARIA Al*fil`a*ri"a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The pin grass (Erodium cicutarium), a weed in California.

ALFILERIA; ALFILERILLA Al*fil`e*ri"a, Al*fil`e*ril"la, n. [Mex. Sp., fr. Sp. alfiler pin.]

Defn: Same as Alfilaria.

ALFIONE Al`fi*o"ne, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible marine fish of California (Rhacochilus toxotes).

ALFORJA Al*for"ja, n. [Also alfarga, alforge.] [Sp.]

Defn: A saddlebag. [Sp. Amer.]

ALFRESCO Al*fres"co, adv. & a. Etym: [It. al fresco in or on the fresh.]

Defn: In the open-air. Smollett.

ALGA Al"ga, n.; pl. Algæ. Etym: [L., seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of seaweed; pl. the class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black, red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine and fresh water confervæ, etc.

ALGAL Al"gal, a., (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, algæ.

ALGAROBA Al`ga*ro"ba, n. Etym: [Sp. algarroba, fr. Ar. al-kharr. Cf. Carob.] (Bot.) (a) The Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its edible beans or pods, called St. John's bread. (b) The Honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), a small tree found from California to Buenos Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.

ALGAROT; ALGAROTH Al"ga*rot, Al"ga*roth, n. Etym: [F. algaroth, fr. the name of the inventor, Algarotti.] (Med.)

Defn: A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic.

ALGAROVILLA Al`ga*ro*vil"la, n.

Defn: The agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American tree (Inga Marthæ). It is valuable for tanning leather, and as a dye.

ALGATE; ALGATES Al"gate, Al"gates, adv. Etym: [All + gate way. The s is an adverbial ending. See Gate.]

1. Always; wholly; everywhere. [Obs.] Ulna now he algates must forego. Spenser.

Note: Still used in the north of England in the sense of "everywhere."

2. By any or means; at all events. [Obs.] Fairfax.

3. Notwithstanding; yet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALGAZEL Al"ga*zel`, n. Etym: [Ar. al the + ghazal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The true gazelle.

ALGEBRA Al"ge*bra, n. Etym: [LL. algebra, fr. Ar. al-jebr reduction of parts to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. jabara to bind together, consolidate; al-jebr w'almuqabalah reduction and comparison (by equations): cf. F. algèbre, It. & Sp. algebra.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of magnitude.

2. A treatise on this science.

ALGEBRAIC; ALGEBRAICAL Al`ge*bra"ic, Al`ge*bra"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of algebra, or deduced from such operation; as, algebraic characters; algebraical writings. Algebraic curve, a curve such that the equation which expresses the relation between the coördinates of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra; -- opposed to a transcendental curve.

ALGEBRAICALLY Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By algebraic process.

ALGEBRAIST Al"ge*bra`ist, n.

Defn: One versed in algebra.

ALGEBRAIZE Al"ge*bra*ize, v. t.

Defn: To perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.

ALGERIAN Al*ge"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Algeria. -- n.

Defn: A native of Algeria.

ALGERINE Al`ge*rine", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.

ALGERINE Al`ge*rine", n.

Defn: A native or one of the people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.

ALGID Al"gid, a. Etym: [L. algidus cold, fr. algere to be cold: cf. F. algide.]

Defn: Cold; chilly. Bailey. Algid cholera (Med.), Asiatic cholera.

ALGIDITY Al*gid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Chilliness; coldness; especially (Med.),

Defn: coldness and collapse.

ALGIDNESS Al"gid*ness, n.

Defn: Algidity. [Obs.]

ALGIFIC Al*gif"ic, a. Etym: [L. algificus, fr. algus cold + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing cold.

ALGIN Al"gin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance resembling gelatin, obtained from certain algæ.

ALGOID Al"goid, a. Etym: [L. alga + -oid.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or resembling, an alga.

ALGOL Al"gol, n. Etym: [Ar. al-gh destruction, calamity, fr. ghala to take suddenly, destroy.] (Astron.)

Defn: A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in brightness.

ALGOLOGICAL Al`go*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to algology; as, algological specimens.

ALGOLOGIST Al*gol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One learned about algæ; a student of algology.

ALGOLOGY Al*gol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. alga seaweed + -logy.] (Bot.)

Defn: The study or science of algæ or seaweeds.

ALGOMETER Al*gom"e*ter, n. [Gr. pain + -meter.] (Psychol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring sensations of pain due to pressure. It has a piston rod with a blunted tip which is pressed against the skin. -- Al*gom"e*try (#), n. -- Al`go*met"ric (#), *met"ric*al (#), a. --Al`go*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

ALGONKIAN Al*gon"ki*an, a.

1. Var. of Algonquian.

2. (Geol.) Pertaining to or designating a period or era recognized by the United States Geological Survey and some other authorities, between the Archæan and the Paleozoic, from both of which it is generally separated in the record by unconformities. Algonkian rocks are both sedimentary and igneous. Although fossils are rare, life certainly existed in this period. -- n.

Defn: The Algonkian period or era, or system or group of systems.

ALGONQUIAN Al*gon"qui*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or designating the most extensive of the linguistic families of North American Indians, their territory formerly including practically all of Canada east of the 115th meridian and south of Hudson's Bay and the part of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Tennessee and Virginia, with the exception of the territory occupied by the northern Iroquoian tribes. There are nearly 100,000 Indians of the Algonquian tribes, of which the strongest are the Ojibwas (Chippewas), Ottawas, Crees, Algonquins, Micmacs, and Blackfeet. -- n.

Defn: An Algonquian Indian.

ALGONQUIN; ALGONKIN Al*gon"quin, Al*gon"kin, n.

Defn: One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence.

ALGOR Al"gor, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Cold; chilliness.

ALGORISM; ALGORITHM Al"go*rism, Al"go*rithm, n. Etym: [OE. algorism, algrim, augrim, OF. algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp. algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL. algorismus), fr. the Ar. al-Khowarezmi of Khowarezm, the modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Musa, author of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin, such books bearing the name algorismus. The spelling with th is due to a supposed connection with Gr.

1. The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.

2. The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.

ALGOUS Al"gous, a. Etym: [L. algosus, fr. alga seaweed.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the algæ, or seaweeds; abounding with, or like, seaweed.

ALGUAZIL Al`gua*zil", n. Etym: [Sp. alguacil, fr. Ar. alwazir the vizier. Cf. Vizier.]

Defn: An inferior officer of justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable. Prescott.

ALGUM Al"gum, n.

Defn: Same as Almug (and etymologically preferable). 2 Chron. ii. 8.

ALHAMBRA Al*ham"bra, n. Etym: [Ultimately fr. Ar. al the + hamra red; i. e., the red (sc. house).]

Defn: The palace of the Moorish kings at Granada.

ALHAMBRAIC; ALHAMBRESQUE Al`ham*bra"ic, Al`ham*bresque", a.

Defn: Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.

ALHENNA Al*hen"na, n.

Defn: See Henna.

ALIAS A"li*as, adv. Etym: [L., fr. alius. See Else.] (Law) (a) Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful; as, Smith, alias Simpson. (b) At another time.

ALIAS A"li*as, n.; pl. Aliases. Etym: [L., otherwise, at another time.]Etym: (Law) (a) A second or further writ which is issued after a first writ has expired without effect. (b) Another name; an assumed name.

ALIBI Al"i*bi, n. Etym: [L., elsewhere, at another place. See Alias.] (Law)

Defn: The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another place when the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an alibi; to prove an alibi.

ALIBILITY Al`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being alible.

ALIBLE Al"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. alibilis, fr. alere to nourish.]

Defn: Nutritive; nourishing.

ALICANT Al"i*cant, n.

Defn: A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near Alicant, in Spain. J. Fletcher.

ALIDADE Al"i*dade, n. Etym: [LL. alidada, alhidada, fr. Ar. al-'idada a sort of rule: cf. F. alidade.]

Defn: The portion of a graduated instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the instrument Whewell.

ALIEN Al"ien, a. Etym: [OF. alien, L. alienus, fr. alius another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See Else.]

1. Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies, property, shores.

2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (with); incongruous; -- followed by from or sometimes by to; as, principles alien from our religion. An alien sound of melancholy. Wordsworth. Alien enemy (Law), one who owes allegiance to a government at war with ours. Abbott.

ALIEN Al"ien, n.

1. A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See Alienage.

2. One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's mercies. Aliens from the common wealth of Israel. Ephes. ii. 12.

ALIEN Al"ien, v. t. Etym: [F. aliéner, L. alienare.]

Defn: To alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership. [R.] "It the son alien lands." Sir M. Hale. The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of . . . the marriage. Clarendon.

ALIENABILITY Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being alienated. "The alienability of the domain." Burke.

ALIENABLE Al"ien*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aliénable.]

Defn: Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another; as, land is alienable according to the laws of the state.

ALIENAGE Al"ien*age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aliénage.]

1. The state or legal condition of being an alien.

Note: The disabilities of alienage are removable by naturalization or by special license from the State of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of intention of naturalization. Kent. Wharton. Estates forfeitable on account of alienage. Story.

2. The state of being alienated or transferred to another. Brougham.

ALIENATE Al"ien*ate, a. Etym: [L. alienatus, p. p. of alienare, fr. alienus. See Alien, and cf. Aliene.]

Defn: Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign; -- with from. O alienate from God. Milton.

ALIENATE Al"ien*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alienated; p. pr. & vb. n. Alienating.]

1. To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.

2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; -- with from. The errors which . . . alienated a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart. Macaulay. The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more alienates him from the realities of the present. I. Taylor.

ALIENATE Al"ien*ate, n.

Defn: A stranger; an alien. [Obs.]

ALIENATION Al`ien*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. aliénation, L. alienatio, fr. alienare, fr. alienare. See Alienate.]

1. The act of alienating, or the state of being alienated.

2. (Law)

Defn: A transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to another.

3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the affections. The alienation of his heart from the king. Bacon.

4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental faculties; insanity; as, alienation of mind.

Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See Insanity.

ALIENATOR Al"ien*a"tor, n.

Defn: One who alienates.

ALIENE Al*iene, v. t.

Defn: To alien or alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to aliene an estate.

ALIENEE Al"ien*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed to alienor. It the alienee enters and keeps possession. Blackstone.

ALIENISM Al"ien*ism, n.

1. The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage. The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of alienism. Kent.

2. The study or treatment of diseases of the mind.

ALIENIST Al"ien*ist, n. Etym: [F. aliéniste.]

Defn: One who treats diseases of the mind. Ed. Rev.

ALIENOR Al`ien*or", n. Etym: [OF. aliéneur.]

Defn: One who alienates or transfers property to another. Blackstone.

ALIETHMOID; ALIETHMOIDAL Al`i*eth"moid, Al`i*eth*moid"al, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. ethomoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid bone or

ALIFE A*life", adv. Etym: [Cf. lief dear.]

Defn: On my life; dearly. [Obs.] "I love that sport alife." Beau. & Fl.

ALIFEROUS A*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + -ferous.]

Defn: Having wings, winged; aligerous. [R.]

ALIFORM Al"i*form, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + -form.]

Defn: Wing-shaped; winglike.

ALIGEROUS A*lig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aliger; ala wing + gerere to carry.]

Defn: Having wings; winged. [R.]

ALIGHT A*light", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Alighted sometimes Alit; p. pr. & vb. n. Alighting.] Etym: [OE. alihten, fr. AS. alihtan; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + lihtan, to alight, orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr. liht, leoht, light. See Light, v. i.]

1. To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to dismount.

2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow alights on a roof.

3. To come or chance (upon). [R.]

ALIGHT A*light", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + light.]

Defn: Lighted; lighted up; in a flame. "The lamps were alight." Dickens.

ALIGN A*lign", v. t. Etym: [F. aligner; à (L. ad) + ligne (L. linea) line. See Line, and cf. Allineate.]

Defn: To adjust or form to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to aline.

ALIGN A*lign", v. t.

Defn: To form in line; to fall into line.

ALIGNMENT A*lign"ment, n. Etym: [F. alignement.]

1. The act of adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation of troops or of a squadron.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: The ground-plan of a railway or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.

ALIKE A*like", a. Etym: [AS. onlic, gelic; pref. a + like.]

Defn: Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.] The darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Ps. cxxxix. 12.

ALIKE A*like", adv. Etym: [AS. gelice, onlice.]

Defn: In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally; as, we are all alike concerne.

ALIKE-MINDED A*like"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Like-minded. [Obs.]

ALIMENT Al"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. alimentum, fr. alere to nourish; akin to Goth. alan to grow, Icel. ala to nourish: cf. F. aliment. See Old.]

1. That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries of life generally: sustenance; means of support. Aliments of theiBacon.

2. An allowance for maintenance. [Scot.]

ALIMENT Al"i*ment, v. t.

1. To nourish; to support.

2. To provide for the maintenance of. [Scot.]

ALIMENTAL Al`i*men"tal, a.

Defn: Supplying food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials for natural growth; as, alimental sap.

ALIMENTALLY A`li*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to serve for nourishment or food; nourishing quality. Sir T. Browne.

ALIMENTARINESS Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality. [R.]

ALIMENTARY Al`i*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. alimentarius, fr. alimentum: cf. F. alimentaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to aliment or food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental; as, alimentary substances. Alimentary canal, the entire channel, extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts ejected.

ALIMENTATION Al`i*men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alimentation, LL. alimentatio.]

1. The act or process of affording nutriment; the function of the alimentary canal.

2. State or mode of being nourished. Bacon.

ALIMENTIVENESS Al`i*men"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The instinct or faculty of appetite for food. [Chiefly in Phrenol.]

ALIMONIOUS Al`i*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Affording food; nourishing. [R.] "Alimonious humors." Harvey.

ALIMONY Al"i*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. alimonia, alimonium, nourishment, sustenance, fr. alere to nourish.]

1. Maintenance; means of living.

2. (Law)

Defn: An allowance made to a wife out of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the same. Wharton. Burrill.

ALINASAL Al`i*na"sal, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. nasal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to expansions of the nasal bone or cartilage.

ALINE A*line", v. t.

Defn: To range or place in a line; to bring into line; to align. Evelyn.

ALINEATION A*lin`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Allineation.

ALINEMENT A*line"ment, n.

Defn: Same as Alignment.

Note: [The Eng. form alinement is preferable to alignment, a bad spelling of the French]. New Eng. Dict. (Murray).

ALINER A*lin"er, n.

Defn: One who adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line. Evelyn.

ALIOTH Al"i*oth, n. Etym: [Ar. alyat the tail of a fat sheep.] (Astron.)

Defn: A star in the tail of the Great Bear, the one next the bowl in the Dipper.

ALIPED Al"i*ped, a. Etym: [L. alipes; ala wing + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. alipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Wing-footed, as the bat. -- n.

Defn: An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.

ALIPHATIC Al`i*phat"ic, a. [Gr. , , oil, fat.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, fat; fatty; -- applied to compounds having an openc-hain structure. The aliphatic compounds thus include not only the fatty acids and other derivatives of the paraffin hydrocarbons, but also unsaturated compounds, as the ethylene and acetylene series.

ALIQUANT Al"i*quant, a. Etym: [L. aliquantus some, moderate; alius other + quantus how great: cf. F. aliquante.] (Math.)

Defn: An aliquant part of a number or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of 16. Opposed to aliquot.

ALIQUOT Al"i*quot, a. Etym: [L. aliquot some, several; alius other + quot how many: cf. F. aliquote.] (Math.)

Defn: An aliquot part of a number or quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of 15. Opposed to aliquant.

ALISEPTAL Al`i*sep"tal, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. septal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to expansions of the nasal septum.

ALISH Al"ish, a.

Defn: Like ale; as, an alish taste.

ALISPHENOID Al`i*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The alisphenoid bone.

ALISPHENOID; ALISPHENOIDAL Al`i*sphe"noid, Al`i*sphe*noid"al, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. sphenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to or forming the wing of the sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; as, alisphenoid bone; alisphenoid canal.

ALITRUNK Al"i*trunk, n. Etym: [L. ala wing + truncus trunk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The segment of the body of an insect to which the wings are attached; the thorax. Kirby.

ALITURGICAL Al`i*tur"gic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + liturgical.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not offered. Shipley.

ALIUNDE A`li*un"de, adv. & a. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: From another source; from elsewhere; as, a case proved aliunde; evidence aliunde.

ALIVE A*live", a. Etym: [OE. on live, AS. on life in life; life being dat. of lif life. See Life, and cf. Live, a.]

1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a plant which is alive.

2. In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire alive; to keep the affections alive.

3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many living beings; swarming; thronged. The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with muskets and green boughs. Macaulay.

4. Sprightly; lively; brisk. Richardson.

5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive. Tremblingly alive to nature's laws. Falconer.

6. Of all living (by way of emphasis). Northumberland was the proudest man alive. Clarendon.

Note: Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man alive!

Note: Alive always follows the noun which it qualifies.

ALIZARI A`li*za"ri, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Ar. 'a juice extracted from a plant, fr. 'a to press.] (Com.)

Defn: The madder of the Levant. Brande & C.

ALIZARIN A*liz"a*rin, n. Etym: [F. alizarine, fr. alizari.] (Chem.)

Defn: A coloring principle, C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.

ALKAHEST Al"ka*hest, n. Etym: [LL. alchahest, F. alcahest, a word that has an Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by Paracelsus.]

Defn: The fabled "universal solvent" of the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all bodies. -- Al`ka*hes"tic, a.

ALKALAMIDE Al`kal*am"ide, n. Etym: [Alkali + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of compounds that may be regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or radicals.

ALKALESCENCE; ALKALESCENCY Al`ka*les`cence, Al`ka*les"cen*cy, n.

Defn: A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to predominant. Ure.

ALKALESCENT Al`ka*les"cent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalescent.]

Defn: Tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.

ALKALI Al"ka*li, n.; pl. Alkalis or Alkalies. Etym: [F. alcali, ultimately fr. Ar. alqali ashes of the plant saltwort, fr. qalay to roast in a pan, fry.]

1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue. Fixed alkalies, potash and soda. -- Vegetable alkalies. Same as Alkaloids. -- Volatile alkali, ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed alkalies.

ALKALIFIABLE Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalifiable.]

Defn: Capable of being alkalified, or converted into an alkali.

ALKALI FLAT Alkali flat.

Defn: A sterile plain, containing an excess of alkali, at the bottom of an undrained basin in an arid region; a playa.

ALKALIFY Al"ka*li*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalified; p. pr. & vb. n. Alkalifying.] Etym: [Alkali + -fly: cf. F. alcalifier.]

Defn: To convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.

ALKALIFY Al"ka*li*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become changed into an alkali.

ALKALIMETER Al`ka*lim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Alkali + -meter. cf. F. alcalimètre.]

Defn: An instrument to ascertain the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a mixture.

ALKALIMETRIC; ALKALIMETRICAL Al`ka*li*met"ric, Al`ka*li*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.

ALKALIMETRY Al`ka*lim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalimètrie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the quantity present in alkaline mixtures.

ALKALINE Al"ka*line, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali. Alkaline earths, certain substances, as lime, baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities of alkalies. -- Alkaline metals, potassium, sodium, cæsium, lithium, rubidium. -- Alkaline reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the action on limits, turmeric, etc.

ALKALINITY Al`ka*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property. Thomson.

ALKALIOUS Al*ka"li*ous, a.

Defn: Alkaline. [Obs.]

ALKALI SOIL Alkali soil.

Defn: Any one of various soils found in arid and semiarid regions, containing an unusual amount of soluble mineral salts which effloresce in the form of a powder or crust (usually white) in dry weather following rains or irrigation. The basis of these salts is mainly soda with a smaller amount of potash, and usually a little lime and magnesia. Two main classes of alkali are commonly distinguished: black alkali, which may be any alkaline carbonate, but which practically consists of sodium carbonate (sal soda), which is highly corrosive and destructive to vegetation; and white alkali, characterized by the presence of sodium sulphate (Glauber's salt), which is less injurious to vegetation. Black alkali is so called because water containing it dissolves humus, forming a dark-colored solution which, when it collects in puddles and evaporates, produces characteristic black spots.

ALKALI WASTE Alkali waste.

Defn: Waste material from the manufacture of alkali; specif., soda waste.

ALKALIZATE Al"ka*li*zate, a.

Defn: Alkaline. [Obs.] Boyle.

ALKALIZATE Al"ka*li**zate, v. t.

Defn: To alkalizate. [R.] Johnson.

ALKALIZATION Al`ka*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalisation.]

Defn: The act rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline qualities.

ALKALIZE Al"ka*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Alkalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. alcaliser.]

Defn: To render alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to.

ALKALOID Al"ka*loid, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.

Note: Alcaloids all contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and narcotine are alkaloids found in opium.

ALKALOID; ALKALOIDAL Al"ka*loid, Al`ka*loid"al, a. Etym: [Alkali + -oid: cf. F. alcaloïde.]

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.

ALKANET Al"ka*net, n. Etym: [Dim. of Sp. alcana, alhe, in which al is the Ar. article. See Henna, and cf. Orchanet.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria, which gives a fine deep red color.

2. (Bot.) (a) A boraginaceous herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye; orchanet. (b) The similar plant Anchusa officinalis; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.

ALKARGEN Al*kar"gen, n. Etym: [Alkarsin + oxygen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Cacodylic acid.

ALKARSIN Al*kar"sin, n. Etym: [Alkali + arsenic + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A spontaneously inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also Cadel's fuming liquid.

ALKAZAR Al*ka"zar.

Defn: See Alcazar.

ALKEKENGI Al`ke*ken"gi, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alkékenge, Sp. alquequenje, ultimately fr. Ar. al-kakanj a kind of resin from Herat.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous plant of the nightshade family (Physalis alkekengi) and its fruit, which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called winter cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry tomato. D. C. Eaton.

ALKERMES Al*ker"mes, n. Etym: [Ar. al-qirmiz kermes. See Kermes.] (Old Pharmacy)

Defn: A compound cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the kermes insect, its principal ingredient.

ALKORAN Al"ko*ran, n.

Defn: The Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as Alcoran and Koran.

ALKORANIC Al`ko*ran"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Alcoranic.

ALKORANIST Al`ko*ran"ist, n.

Defn: Same as Alcoranist.

ALL All, a. Etym: [OE. al, pl. alle, AS. eal, pl. ealle, Northumbrian alle, akin to D. & OHG. al, Ger. all, Icel. allr. Dan. al, Sw. all, Goth. alls; and perh. to Ir. and Gael. uile, W. oll.]

1. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength; all happiness; all abundance; loss of all power; beyond all doubt; you will see us all (or all of us). Prove all things: hold fast that which is good. 1 Thess. v. 21.

2. Any. [Obs.] "Without all remedy." Shak.

Note: When the definite article "the," or a possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that all qualifies, all precedes the article or the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my labor; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their property; all other joys.

Note: This word, not only in popular language, but in the Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died, all Judea and all the region round about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part, or very great numbers.

3. Only; alone; nothing but. I was born to speak all mirth and no matter. Shak. All the whole, the whole (emphatically). [Obs.] "All the whole army." Shak.

ALL All, adv.

1. Wholly; completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as, all bedewed; my friend is all for amusement. "And cheeks all pale." Byron.

Note: In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all too much, all so long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.

2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.] All as his straying flock he fed. Spenser. A damsel lay deploring All on a rock reclined. Gay. All to, or All-to. In such phrases as "all to rent," "all to break," "all-to frozen," etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old authors, the all and the to have commonly been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to entirely, completely, altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word all (as it does in "all forlorn," and similar expressions), and the to properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG. ter-, HG. zer- ). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif says, "The vail of the temple was to rent:" and of Judas, "He was hanged and to-burst the middle:" i. e., burst in two, or asunder. -- All along. See under Along. -- All and some, individually and collectively, one and all. [Obs.] "Displeased all and some." Fairfax. -- All but. (a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.] Shak. (b) Almost; nearly. "The fine arts were all but proscribed." Macaulay. -- All hollow, entirely, completely; as, to beat any one all hollow. [Low] -- All one, the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same thing. -- All over, over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all over. [Colloq.] -- All the better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference. -- All the same, nevertheless. "There they [certain phenomena] remain rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or not." J. C. Shairp. "But Rugby is a very nice place all the same." T. Arnold. -- See also under All, n.

ALL All, n.

Defn: The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; as, our all is at stake. Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak. All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 43.

Note: All is used with of, like a partitive; as, all of a thing, all of us. After all, after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless. -- All in all, a phrase which signifies all things to a person, or everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly; altogether. Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever. Milton. Trust me not at all, or all in all. Tennyson. -- All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake. -- All told, all counted; in all. -- And all, and the rest; and everything connected. "Bring our crown and all." Shak. -- At all. (a) In every respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] "She is a shrew at al(l)." Chaucer. (b) A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in any way or respect; in the least degree or to the least extent; in the least; under any circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has he any property at all "Nothing at all. " Shak. "It thy father at all miss me." 1 Sam. xx. 6. -- Over all, everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: All is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in almighty, already, always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, all- bountiful, all-glorious, allimportant, all-surrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, allpower, all-giver. Anciently many words, as, alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded with all, which are now written separately.

ALL All, conj. Etym: [Orig. all, adv., wholly: used with though or if, which being dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the sense although.]

Defn: Although; albeit. [Obs.] All they were wondrous loth. Spenser.

ALLA BREVE Al`la bre"ve. Etym: [It., according to the breve.] (Old Church Music)

Defn: With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; -- indicated in the time signature by

ALLAH Al"lah, n. Etym: [ contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.]

Defn: The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally.

ALL-A-MORT All`-a-mort", a.

Defn: See Alamort.

ALLANITE Al"lan*ite, n. Etym: [From T. Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.] (min.)

Defn: A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and composition.

ALLANTOIC Al`lan*to"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. allantoïque.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois. Allantoic acid. (Chem.) See Allantoin.

ALLANTOID; ALLANTOIDAL Al*lan"toid, Al`lan*toid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the allantois.

ALLANTOIDEA Al`lan*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.

ALLANTOIN Al*lan"to*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; -- formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic acid.

ALLANTOIS; ALLANTOID Al*lan"to*is, Al*lan"toid, } n.. (Anat.)

Defn: A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.

ALLATRATE Al"la*trate, v. i. Etym: [L. allatrare. See Latrate.]

Defn: To bark as a dog. [Obs.] Stubbes.

ALLAY Al*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Allaying.] Etym: [OE. alaien, aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to, AS. alecgan; a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of allege, alloy, alegge. See Lay.]

1. To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the passions.

2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity. It would allay the burning quality of that fell poison. Shak.

Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See Alleviate.

ALLAY Al*lay", v. t.

Defn: To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside. "When the rage allays." Shak.

ALLAY Al*lay", n.

Defn: Alleviation; abatement; check. [Obs.]

ALLAY Al*lay", n.

Defn: Alloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALLAY Al*lay", v. t.

Defn: To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate. [Archaic] Fuller.

ALLAYER Al*lay"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, allays.

ALLAYMENT Al*lay"ment, n.

Defn: An allaying; that which allays; mitigation. [Obs.] The like allayment could I give my grief. Shak.

ALLECRET Al"le*cret, n. Etym: [OF. alecret, halecret, hallecret.]

Defn: A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss. Fairholt.

ALLECT Al*lect", v. t. Etym: [L. allectare, freq. of allicere, allectum.]

Defn: To allure; to entice. [Obs.]

ALLECTATION Al`lec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. allectatio.]

Defn: Enticement; allurement. [Obs.] Bailey.

ALLECTIVE Al*lec"tive, a. Etym: [LL. allectivus.]

Defn: Alluring. [Obs.]

ALLECTIVE Al*lec"tive, n.

Defn: Allurement. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

ALLEDGE Al*ledge", v. t.

Defn: See Allege. [Obs.]

Note: This spelling, corresponding to abridge, was once the prevailing one.

ALLEGATION Al`le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. allegatio, fr. allegare, allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf. Allege and Adlegation.]

1. The act of alleging or positively asserting.

2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared; positive assertion; formal averment I thought their allegation but reasonable. Steele.

3. (Law)

Defn: A statement by a party of what he undertakes to prove, -- usually applied to each separate averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.

ALLEGE Al*lege", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleged; p. pr. & vb. n. Alleging.] Etym: [OE. aleggen to bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy, prop. to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL. exlitigare; L. ex + litigare to quarrel, sue (see Litigate). The word was confused with L. allegare (see Allegation), and lex law. Cf. Allay.]

1. To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to allege a fact.

2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the authority of a judge. [Archaic]

3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution against lending.

Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.

ALLEGE Al*lege", v. t. Etym: [See Allay.]

Defn: To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble. [Obs.] Wyclif.

ALLEGEABLE Al*lege"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being alleged or affirmed. The most authentic examples allegeable in the case. South.

ALLEGEANCE Al*lege"ance, n.

Defn: Allegation. [Obs.]

ALLEGEMENT Al*lege"ment, n.

Defn: Allegation. [Obs.] With many complaints and allegements. Bp. Sanderson.

ALLEGER Al*leg"er, n.

Defn: One who affirms or declares.

ALLEGGE Al*legge", v. t.

Defn: See Alegge and Allay. [Obs.]

ALLEGHENIAN; ALLEGHANIAN Al`le*ghe"ni*an, a. Also Al`le*gha"ni*an. (Biogeography)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating the humid division of the Transition zone extending across the northern United States from New England to eastern Dakota, and including also most of Pennsylvania and the mountainous region as far south as northern Georgia.

ALLEGHENY; ALLEGHANY Al"le*ghe`ny, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Allegheny Mountains, or the region where they are situated. Also Al"le*gha`ny.

2. [From the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania.] (Geol.) Pertaining to or designating a subdivision of the Pennsylvanian coal measure.

ALLEGIANCE Al*le"giance, n. Etym: [OE. alegeaunce; pref. a- + OF. lige, liege. The meaning was influenced by L. ligare to bind, and even by lex, legis, law. See Liege, Ligeance.]

1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state.

2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science.

Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty. -- Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the "powers that be." Allegiance is an obligation to a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warm-hearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her allegiance. In cases where we personify, loyalty is more commonly the word used; as, loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion, etc. Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me! Shak. So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . . Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton.

ALLEGIANT Al*le"giant, a.

Defn: Loyal. Shak.

ALLEGORIC; ALLEGORICAL Al`le*gor"ic, Al`le*gor"ic*al, a. Etym: [F. allégorique, L. allegorius, fr. Gr. Allegory.]

Defn: Belonging to, or consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing by resemblances; figurative. "An allegoric tale." Falconer. "An allegorical application." Pope. Allegorical being . . . that kind of language which says one thing, but means another. Max Miller. Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness, n.

ALLEGORIST Al"le*go*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. allegoriste.]

Defn: One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory. Hume.

ALLEGORIZATION Al`le*gor"i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an allegorical sense.

ALLEGORIZE Al"le*go*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allegorized; p. pr. & vb. n. Allegorizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. allégoriser, fr. L. allegorizare.]

1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history of a people.

2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to allegorize it.

ALLEGORIZE Al"le*go*rize, v. t.

Defn: To use allegory. Holland.

ALLEGORIZER Al"le*go*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.

ALLEGORY Al"le*go*ry, n.; pl. Allegories. Etym: [L. allegoria, Gr. allégorie.]

1. A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.

2. Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem.

3. (Paint. & Sculpt.)

Defn: A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.

Syn. -- Metaphor; fable. -- Allegory, Parable. "An allegory differs both from fable and parable, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were transferred. . . . A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some historical personage is an allegory. "I am the Vine, ye are the branches" [John xv. 1-6] is a spoken allegory. In the parable there is no transference of properties. The parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3-23] represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ and His apostles and disciples." C. J. Smith.

Note: An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" and Spenser's "Faërie Queene" are celebrated examples of the allegory.

ALLEGRESSE Al`le`gresse", n. Etym: [F. allégresse, fr. L. alacer sprightly.]

Defn: Joy; gladsomeness.

ALLEGRETTO Al`le*gret"to, a. Etym: [It., dim. of allegro.] (Mus.)

Defn: Quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro. -- n.

Defn: A movement in this time.

ALLEGRO Al*le"gro, a. Etym: [It., merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf. Aleger.] (Mus.)

Defn: Brisk, lively. -- n.

Defn: An allegro movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece.

ALLELOMORPH Al*le"lo*morph, n. [Gr. of one another + Gr. form.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the pure unit characters commonly existing singly or in pairs in the germ cells of Mendelian hybrids, and exhibited in varying proportion among the organisms themselves. Allelomorphs which under certain circumstances are themselves compound are called hypallelomorphs. See Mendel's law. -- Al*le`lo*mor"phic (#), a.

As we know that the several unit characters are of such a nature that any one of them is capable of independently displacing or being displaced by one or more alternative characters taken singly, we may recognize this fact by naming such characters allelomorphs. Bateson.

ALLELUIA; ALLELUIAH Al`le*lu"ia, Al`le*lu"iah, n. Etym: [L. alleluia, Gr. hall-yah. See Hallelujah.]

Defn: An exclamation signifying Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See Hallelujah, the commoner form. I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia. Rev. xix. 1.

ALLEMANDE Al"le*mande", n. Etym: [F., fr. allemand German.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A dance in moderate twofold time, invented by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.

2. A figure in dancing.

ALLEMANNIC Al`le*man"nic, a.

Defn: See Alemannic.

ALLENARLY Al*len"ar*ly, adv. Etym: [All + anerly singly, fr. ane one.]

Defn: Solely; only. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

ALLER Al"ler, a. Etym: [For ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.]

Defn: Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALLERION Al*le"ri*on, n. Etym: [F. alérion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of uncertain origin.] (Her.)

Defn: Am eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings. Burke.

ALLEVIATE Al*le"vi*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Alleviating.] Etym: [LL. alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See Alegge, Levity.]

1. To lighten or lessen the force or weight of. [Obs.] Should no others join capable to alleviate the expense. Evelyn. Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the alleviating of the body [of flying birds]. Ray.

2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care, etc. ; -- opposed to aggravate. The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much alleviated by giving the use of letters. Bp. Horsley.

3. To extenuate; to palliate. [R.] He alleviates his fault by an excuse. Johnson.

Syn. -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage; abate; relieve; nullify; allay. -- To Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage, Allay. These words have in common the idea of relief from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in their application, according to the image under which this idea is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which is lightened or taken off; as, to alleviate one's cares. Mitigate supposes something fierce which is made mild; as, to mitigate one's anguish. Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted; as, to assuage one's sorrow. Allay supposes something previously excited, but now brought down; as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst. To alleviate the distresses of life; to mitigate the fierceness of passion or the violence of grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay wounded sensibility.

ALLEVIATION Al*le`vi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. alleviatio.]

1. The act of alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation; relief.

2. That which mitigates, or makes more tolerable. I have not wanted such alleviations of life as friendship could supply. Johnson.

ALLEVIATIVE Al*le"vi*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to alleviate. -- n.

Defn: That which alleviates.

ALLEVIATOR Al*le"vi*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, alleviaties.

ALLEVIATORY Al*le"vi*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Alleviative. Carlyle.

ALLEY Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys. Etym: [OE. aley, alley, OF. alée, F. allée, a going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller, to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. anar, It. andare, Sp. andar.]

1. A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton.

2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street. Gay.

3. A passageway between rows of pews in a church.

4. (Persp.)

Defn: Any passage having the entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the appearance of length.

5. The space between two rows of compositors' stands in a printing office.

ALLEY Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys. Etym: [A contraction of alabaster, of which it was originally made.]

Defn: A choice taw or marble. Dickens.

ALLEYED Al"leyed, a.

Defn: Furnished with alleys; forming an alley. "An alleyed walk." Sir W. Scott.

ALLEYWAY Al"ley*way` n.

Defn: An alley.

ALL FOOLS' DAY All" Fools' Day`.

Defn: The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced. The first of April, some do say, Is set apart for All Fools' Day. Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).

ALLFOURS All`fours". Etym: [All + four (cards).]

Defn: A game at cards, called "High, Low, Jack, and the Game."

ALL FOURS All` fours" Etym: [formerly, All` four".]

Defn: All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms of a person. To be, go, or run, on all fours (Fig.), to be on the same footing; to correspond (with) exactly; to be alike in all the circumstances to be considered. "This example is on all fours with the other." "No simile can go on all fours." Macaulay.

ALL HAIL All` hail". Etym: [All + hail, interj.]

Defn: All health; -- a phrase of salutation or welcome.

ALL-HAIL All`-hail", v. t.

Defn: To salute; to greet. [Poet.] Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from the king, who all-hailed me "Thane of Cawdor." Shak.

ALLHALLOND All`hal"lond, n.

Defn: Allhallows. [Obs.] Shak.

ALLHALLOW All`hal"low.

Defn: The evening before Allhallows. See Halloween.

ALLHALLOW; ALLHALLOWS All`hal"low, All`hal"lows, n.

1. All the saints (in heaven). [Obs.]

2. All Saints' Day, November 1st. [Archaic]

ALLHALLOW EVE All`hal"low eve` (ev`).

Defn: The evening before Allhallows. See Halloween.

ALLHALLOWMAS All`hal"low*mas, n.

Defn: The feast of All Saints.

ALLHALLOWN All`hal"lown, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the time of Allhallows. [Obs.] "Allhallown summer." Shak. (i. e., late summer; "Indian Summer").

ALLHALLOWTIDE All`hal"low*tide`, n. Etym: [AS. tid time.]

Defn: The time at or near All Saints, or November 1st.

ALLHEAL All"heal, n.

Defn: A name popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other plants.

ALLIABLE Al*li"a*ble, a.

Defn: Able to enter into alliance.

ALLIACEOUS Al`li*a"ceous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Allium, or garlic, onions, leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.

ALLIANCE Al*li"ance, n. Etym: [OE. aliaunce, OF. aliance, F. alliance, fr. OF. alier, F. allier. See Ally, and cf. LL. alligantia.]

1. The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between church and state; an alliance between France and England.

2. Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity. The alliance of the principles of the world with those of the gospel. C. J. Smith. The alliance . . . between logic and metaphysics. Mansel.

3. The persons or parties allied. Udall.

Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league; coalition.

ALLIANCE Al*li"ance, v. t.

Defn: To connect by alliance; to ally. [Obs.]

ALLIANT Al*li"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alliant, p. pr.]

Defn: An ally; a confederate. [Obs. & R.] Sir H. Wotton.

ALLICE; ALLIS Al"lice, Al"lis, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European shad (Clupea vulgaris); allice shad. See Alose.

ALLICIENCY Al*li"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Attractive power; attractiveness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ALLICIENT Al*li"cient, a. Etym: [L. alliciens, p. pr. of allicere to allure; ad + lacere to entice.]

Defn: That attracts; attracting. -- n.

Defn: That attracts. [Rare or Obs.]

ALLIED Al*lied", a.

Defn: United; joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally.

ALLIGATE Al*li*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. alligatus, p. p. of alligare. See Ally.]

Defn: To tie; to unite by some tie. Instincts alligated to their nature. Sir M. Hale.

ALLIGATION Al`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. alligatio.]

1. The act of tying together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being attached. [R.]

2. (Arith.)

Defn: A rule relating to the solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or values.