Chapter CC: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (21)

Defn: A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry. Sterne.

GRISKIN Gris"kin, n. Etym: [Grise a pig + -kin.]

Defn: The spine of a hog. [Obs.]

GRISLED Gri"sled, a. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Grizzled.

GRISLINESS Gris"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.

GRISLY Gris"ly, a. Etym: [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr. gro shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenlch, and also AS. gresan to frighten, and E. gruesome.]

Defn: Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer. A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia). Grisly bear. (Zoöl.) See under Grizzly.

GRISON Gri"son, n. Etym: [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See Gris.] (Zoöl.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.

GRISONS Gri"sons, n. pl. Etym: [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing.

Defn: The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.

GRIST Grist, n. Etym: [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]

1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q.

2. Supply; provision. Swift.

3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. Knight. All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] -- To bring grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.

GRISTLE Gris"tle, n. Etym: [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.)

Defn: Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.

GRISTLY Gris"tly, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.

GRISTMILL Grist"mill", n.

Defn: A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.

GRIT Grit, n. Etym: [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. greót grit, sant, dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess, Icel. grjot, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf. Grail gravel.]

1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.

2. The coarse part of meal.

3. pl.

Defn: Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.

4. (Geol.)

Defn: A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; -- called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.

5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.

6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.

GRIT Grit, v. i.

Defn: To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to grate; to grind. The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith.

GRIT Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.]

Defn: To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth. [Collog.]

GRITH Grith, n. Etym: [AS. grith peace; akin to Icel. grid.]

Defn: Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.

GRITROCK; GRITSTONE Grit"rock`, Grit"stone` n. (Geol.)

Defn: See Grit, n., 4.

GRITTINESS Grit"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gritty.

GRITTY Grit"ty, a.

1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.

2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]

GRIVET Griv"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.

GRIZE Grize, n.

Defn: Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]

GRIZELIN Griz"e*lin, a.

Defn: See Gridelin.

GRIZZLE Griz"zle, n. Etym: [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.]

Defn: Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak.

GRIZZLED Griz"zled, a.

Defn: Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white and black. Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott.

GRIZZLY Griz"zly, a.

Defn: Somewhat gray; grizzled. Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon. Grizzly bear (Zoöl.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.

GRIZZLY Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.

2. pl.

Defn: In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.

GROAN Groan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] Etym: [OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to grin. *35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.]

1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan. For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4. He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans. Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so. Herbert.

GROAN Groan, v. t.

Defn: To affect by groans.

GROAN Groan, n.

Defn: A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans. Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

GROANFUL Groan"ful, a.

Defn: Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

GROAT Groat, n. Etym: [LG. grote, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]

1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.

2. Any small sum of money.

GROATS Groats, n. pl. Etym: [OE. grot, AS. gratan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.]

Defn: Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden groats, crushed oats.

GROBIAN Gro"bi*an, n. [G., fr. grob rude. Cf. Gruff, a.]

Defn: A rude or clownish person; boor; lout.

GROCER Gro"cer, n. Etym: [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See Gross.]

Defn: A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities. Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.

GROCERY Gro"cer*y, n.; pl. Groceries. Etym: [F. grosserie wholesale. See Grocer.]

1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; -- in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense. A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith. The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought grocery and millinery. Macaulay.

2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.];

GROG Grog, n. Etym: [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).]

Defn: A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]

GROGGERY Grog"ger*y, n.; pl. Groggeries.

Defn: A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]

GROGGINESS Grog"gi*ness, n.

1. State of being groggy.

2. (Man.)

Defn: Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.

GROGGY Grog"gy, a.

1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]

2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; -- said of pugilists. [Cant or Slang]

3. (Man.)

Defn: Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; -- said of a horse. Youatt.

GROGRAM; GROGRAN Grog"ram, Grog"ran, n. Etym: [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.]

Defn: A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.

GROGSHOP Grog"shop`, n.

Defn: A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.

GROIN Groin, n. Etym: [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.]

Defn: The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROIN Groin, v. i. Etym: [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.]

Defn: To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser.

GROIN Groin, n. Etym: [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The surface formed by two such vaults.

4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale.

GROIN Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined; p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.] (Arch.)

Defn: To fashion into groins; to build with groins. The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson.

GROINED Groined, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.

GROLIER Gro"lier`, n.

Defn: The name by which Jean Grolier de Servier (1479-1565), a French bibliophile, is commonly known; -- used in naming a certain style of binding, a design, etc.

Grolier binding, a book binding decorated with a pattern imitated from those given covers of books bound for Jean Grolier, and bearing his name and motto. --Grolier design or school, the pattern of interlacing bars, bands, or ribbons, with little scrolls of slender gold lines, assumed to be an imitation of the designs on Jean Grolier's book bindings.

GROMET Grom"et, n.

Defn: Same as Grommet.

GROMILL Grom"ill, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Gromwell.

GROMMET Grom"met, n. Etym: [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.]

1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.

GROMWELL Grom"well, n. Etym: [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. grmil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]

GROND Grond,

Defn: obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.

GRONTE Gron"te,

Defn: obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.

GROOM Groom, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.]

1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.

2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.

3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.

GROOM Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.]

Defn: To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.

GROOMER Groom"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.

GROOMSMAN Grooms"man, n.; pl. Groomsmen (.

Defn: A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; -- the correlative of bridesmaid.

GROOPER Groop"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grouper.

GROOVE Groove, n. Etym: [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.]

1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.

2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine. The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley.

3. Etym: [See Grove.] (Mining)

Defn: A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]

GROOVE Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved; p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.]

Defn: To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.

GROOVER Groov"er, n.

1. One who or that which grooves.

2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.

GROOVING Groov"ing, n.

Defn: The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.

GROPE Grope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped; p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] Etym: [OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to gripe. See Gripe.]

1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]

2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10. To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life. Buckminster.

GROPE Grope, v. t.

1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.

2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer. Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).

GROPER Grop"er, n.

Defn: One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.

GROPING-LY Grop"ing-ly, adv.

Defn: In a groping manner.

GROS Gros, n. Etym: [F. See Gross.]

Defn: A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de Tours.

GROSBEAK Gros"beak, n. Etym: [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak. The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.

Note: Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] Habia Ludoviciana).

GROSCHEN Grosch"en, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire.

GROSGRAIN Gros"grain`, a. Etym: [F. Cf. Grogram.]

Defn: Of a coarse texture; -- applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.

GROSS Gross, a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] Etym: [F. gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer, Grogram.]

1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross fat man." Shak. A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton.

2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.

3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless. Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton.

4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure. The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next. Macaulay.

5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.

6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.

7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; -- opposed to net. Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a ship. -- Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; -- commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. -- Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; -- distinguished from net profits. Abbott. -- Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; -- distinguished from neat, or net, weight.

GROSS Gross, n. Etym: [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross, a.]

1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy." Addison. For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle. Burke.

2. sing. & pl.

Defn: The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of bottles; ten gross of pens. Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson belonging to a person, and not to a manor. -- A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen. -- By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale. -- Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n. -- In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all parts taken together.

GROSSBEAK Gross"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grosbeak.

GROSS-HEADED Gross"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Thick-skulled; stupid.

GROSSIFICATION Gross`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization. Henslow.

GROSSLY Gross"ly, adv.

Defn: In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.

GROSSNESS Gross"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence; coarseness; shamefulness. Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.

GROSSULAR Gros"su*lar, a. Etym: [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See Gooseberry.]

Defn: Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.

GROSSULAR Gros"su*lar, n. Etym: [See Grossular, a.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; -- called also grossularite.

GROSSULARIA Gros`su*la"ria, n. Etym: [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Grossular.

GROSSULIN Gros"su*lin, n. Etym: [See Grossular.] (Chem.)

Defn: A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries (Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits.

GROT Grot, n. Etym: [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.]

Defn: A grotto. [Poetic] Milton.

GROT; GROTE Grot, Grote (, n.

Defn: A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GROTESQUE Gro*tesque", a. Etym: [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See Grotto.]

Defn: Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.

GROTESQUE Gro*tesque, n.

1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden.

2. Artificial grotto-work.

GROTESQUELY Gro*tesque"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grotesque manner.

GROTESQUENESS Gro*tesque"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being grotesque.

GROTESQUERY Gro*tesqu"er*y, n. [Written also grotesquerie.] [From Grotesque.]

Defn: Grotesque action, speech, or manners; grotesque doings. "The sustained grotesquery of Feather-top." K. L. Bates.

Vileness, on the other hand, becomes grotesquerie, wonderfully converted into a subject of laughter. George Gissing.

GROTTO Grot"to, n.; pl. Grottoes. Etym: [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta, LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault, cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.]

Defn: A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.

GROTTO-WORK Grot"to-work`, n.

Defn: Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto. Cowper.

GROUND Ground, n. Etym: [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.]

1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. Hence:

Defn: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.

2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. Milton.

3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.

4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.

5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.

6. (Etching)

Defn: A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.

Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.

8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.). On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.

9. (Elec.)

Defn: A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.

10. pl.

Defn: Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.

11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. -- Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. -- Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. -- Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. -- Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. -- Ground bass or base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. -- Ground beetle (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabidæ, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. -- Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. -- Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Chamæcerasus), with small, very acid fruit. -- Ground cuckoo. (Zoöl.) See Chaparral cock. -- Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. -- Ground dove (Zoöl.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. -- Ground fish (Zoöl.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. -- Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; -- called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. -- Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. -- Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; -- called also rest- harrow. -- Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. -- Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. -- Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. -- Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. -- Ground hog. (Zoöl.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. -- Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. -- Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. -- Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. -- Ground lark (Zoöl.), the European pipit. See Pipit. -- Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. -- Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. -- Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). -- Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. -- Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. -- Ground parrakeet (Zoöl.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. -- Ground pearl (Zoöl.), an insect of the family Coccidæ (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. -- Ground pig (Zoöl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; -- called also ground rat. -- Ground pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). -- Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. Chamæpitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); -- called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. -- Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. -- Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. -- Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. -- Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. -- Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. -- Ground rat. (Zoöl.) See Ground pig (above). -- Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. -- Ground robin. (Zoöl.) See Chewink. -- Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. -- Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; -- called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. -- Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). -- Ground snake (Zoöl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amoena). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. -- Ground squirrel. (Zoöl.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. -- Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). -- Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. -- Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. -- Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. -- Ground thrush (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittidæ. See Pitta. -- Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. -- Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. -- Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Ground wren (below). -- Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. -- Ground wren (Zoöl.), a small California bird (Chamæa fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren lit. -- To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. -- To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. -- To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. -- To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton. There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. South. -- To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak. --To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. -- To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. -- To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; -- said of a ship.

GROUND Ground, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.]

1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.

2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly. Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17. So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir W. Hamilton

3. To instruct in elements or first principles.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.

5. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.

GROUND Ground, v. i.

Defn: To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.

GROUND Ground,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. -- Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. -- Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.

GROUNDAGE Ground"age, n.

Defn: A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.

GROUNDEDLY Ground"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.

GROUNDEN Ground"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

GROUNDING Ground"ing, n.

Defn: The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.

GROUNDLESS Ground"less, a. Etym: [AS. grundleás bottomless.]

Defn: Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless report or assertion. -- Ground"less*ly, adv. -- Ground"less*ness, n.

GROUNDLING Ground"ling, n. Etym: [Ground + -ling.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.

2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches. No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.

GROUNDLY Ground"ly, adv.

Defn: Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.] Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate. Marston.

GROUNDNUT Ground"nut`, n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypogæa (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.

GROUNDSEL Ground"sel, n. Etym: [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige, grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.

GROUNDSEL Ground"sel, n. Etym: [Ground + sill.]

Defn: See Ground

GROUNDSILL Ground"sill`

Defn:

GROUNDWORK Ground"work`, n.

Defn: That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.

GROUP Group, n. Etym: [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch, packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch. See Crop, n.]

1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.

2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; -- sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.

GROUP Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] Etym: [Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.]

Defn: To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of. The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior. Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.

GROUPER Group"er, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranidæ, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]

GROUPING Group"ing, n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.

GROUSE Grouse, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegrièche shrike.] (Zoöl.

Defn: ) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family Tetraonidæ, and subfamily Tetraoninæ, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet.

Note: Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pediocætes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D. Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family. See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.

GROUSE Grouse, v. i.

Defn: To seek or shoot grouse.

GROUSER Grou"ser, n.

Defn: (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.

GROUT Grout, n. Etym: [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. grütze, griess, Icel. grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z. groats.]

1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.

2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]

3. pl.

Defn: Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.

4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.

GROUT Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.]

Defn: To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.

GROUTHEAD Grout"head`, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Growthead.

GROUTING Grout"ing, n.

Defn: The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in. Gwilt.

GROUTNOL Grout"nol, n. Etym: [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Growthead. Beau. & Fl.

GROUTY Grout"y, a.

Defn: Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]

GROVE Grove, n. Etym: [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig.

Defn: The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent.

Note: The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version. Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image of some kind is intended.

GROVEL Grov"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] Etym: [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. grufa, in a grufu on the face, prone, grufa to grovel.]

1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl. To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden.

2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.

GROVELER Grov"el*er, n.

Defn: One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also groveller.]

GROVELING Grov"el*ing, a.

Defn: Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.] "A groveling creature." Cowper.

GROVY Grov"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves. Dampier.

GROW Grow, v. i. [imp. Grew; p. p. Grown (; p. pr. & vb. n. Growing.] Etym: [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa, Dan. groe, Sw. gro. Cf. Green, Grass.]

1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; -- said of animals and vegetables and their organs.

2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue. Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles. Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus. Shak.

3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries. Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower.

4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale. For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron.

5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere. Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak. Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. -- Grown over, covered with a growth. -- To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from. These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton. -- To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. -- To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.

Syn. -- To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.

GROW Grow, v. t.

Defn: To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.

Syn. -- To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.

GROWABLE Grow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of growth.

GROWAN Grow"an, n. Etym: [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.] (Mining.)

Defn: A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.

GROWER Grow"er, n.

Defn: One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower.

GROWL Growl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled; p. pr. & vb. e. Growling.] Etym: [D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be angry.]

Defn: To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.

GROWL Growl, v. t.

Defn: To express by growling. Thomson.

GROWL Growl, n.

Defn: The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.

GROWLER Growl"er, n.

1. One who growls.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]

3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]

GROWLINGLY Growl"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a growling manner.

GROWN Grown,

Defn: p. p. of Grow.

GROWSE Growse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen to make shudder, shiver.]

Defn: To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.

GROWTH Growth, n. Etym: [Icel. groGrow.]

1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak.

2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result. Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.

GROWTHEAD Growt"head`, n. Etym: [Lit., greathead.]

Defn: A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Tusser.

GROWTHFUL Growth"ful, a.

Defn: Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.

GROYNE Groyne, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Groin.

GROZING IRON Gro"zing i"ron.

1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.

2. (Plumbing)

Defn: A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe. Knight.

GRUB Grub, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed, p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing (.] Etym: [OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.]

1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.

2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.

GRUB Grub, v. t.

1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; -- followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge. They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare.

2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.

GRUB Grub, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; -- called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith. Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak.

2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.

3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell. Grub ax or axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. -- Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). -- Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing. -- Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. -- Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. -- Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street. I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap.

GRUBBER Grub"ber, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.

GRUBBLE Grub"ble, v. t. & i. Etym: [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.]

Defn: To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.

GRUBBY Grub"by, a. Etym: [From Grub.]

Defn: Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.] The grubby game of marbles. Lond. Sat. Rev.

GRUBBY Grub"by, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]

GRUBWORM Grub"worm, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grub, n., 1. And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. C. Smart.

GRUCCHE Grucche, v. i. Etym: [See Grudge.]

Defn: To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.] What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. Chaucer.

GRUDGE Grudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger; p. pr. & vb. n. Grudging.] Etym: [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF. grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.]

1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; -- followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects. Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shak. I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments. Swift. They have grudged us contribution. Shak.

2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously. [Obs.] Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty ! Shak.

GRUDGE Grudge, v. i.

1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant. Grudge not one against another. James v. 9. He eats his meat without grudging. Shak.

2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.

GRUDGE Grudge, n.

1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel. Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity against hie brother Jacob. South. The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge. I. Taylor.

2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.] Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the grudges of more dreaded calamities. Milton.

Syn. -- Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.

GRUDGEFUL Grudge"ful, a.

Defn: Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent." Spenser.

GRUDGEONS; GURGEONS Grud"geons, Gur"geons (, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. from P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.]

Defn: Coarse meal. [Obs.]

GRUDGER Grudg"er, n.

Defn: One who grudges.

GRUDGINGLY Grudg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grudging manner.

GRUDGINGNESS Grudg"ing*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.

GRUEL Gru"el, n. Etym: [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi groats, G. grütze, As. grut. See Grout.]

Defn: A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge.

GRUELLY Gru"el*ly, a.

Defn: Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.

GRUESOME Grue"some, a.

Defn: Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]

GRUF Gruf, adv. Etym: [Cf. Grovel.]

Defn: Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.] They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. Chaucer.

GRUFF Gruff, a. [Compar. Gruffer (; superl. Gruffest.] Etym: [D. grof; akin to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS. rcófan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix ge-, Goth. ga-.]

Defn: Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly; severe; harsh. Addison. Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. Thackeray. -- Gruff"ly, adv. -- Gruff"ness, n.

GRUGRU PALM Gru"gru palm". (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]

GRUGRU WORM Gru"gru worm". (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.

GRUM Grum, a. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim, and grumble.

1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.

2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,

GRUMBLE Grum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling.] Etym: [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. sq. root35. Cf. Grum, Grim.]

1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner. L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no more. Prior.

2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his prey.

3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles.

GRUMBLE Grum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To express or utter with grumbling.

GRUMBLE Grum"ble, n.

1. The noise of one that grumbles.

2. A grumbling, discontented disposition. A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.

GRUMBLER Grum"bler, n.

Defn: One who grumbles.

GRUMBLINGLY Grum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a grumbling manner.

GRUME Grume, n. Etym: [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.]

Defn: A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy.

GRUMLY Grum"ly, adv.

Defn: In a grum manner.

GRUMOSE Gru*mose", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.

GRUMOUS Gru"mous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.]

1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: See Grumose.

GRUMOUSNESS Gru"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being grumous.

GRUMPILY gRUMPI*LY, ADV.

Defn: In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]

GRUMPY gRUMPY, a. Etym: [Cf. Grumblle, and Grum.]

Defn: Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby.

GRUNDEL Grun"del, n. Etym: [See Groundling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]

GRUNDSEL Grundsel, n.

Defn: Grounsel. [Obs.]

GRUNDYISM Grun"dy*ism, n.

Defn: Narrow and unintelligent conventionalism. -- Grun"dy*ist, n.

GRUNT Grunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.] Etym: [OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw. grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.]

Defn: To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan or a deep guttural sound. Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life. Shak. Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak.

GRUNT Grunt, n.

1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.

2. (Zoöl.)