Chapter CDLXXI: Prologue (122)

TRISYLLABLE Tri*syl"la*ble, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + syllable.]

Defn: A word consisting of three syllables only; as, a-ven-ger.

TRITE Trite, a. Etym: [L. tritus, p. p. of terere to rub, to wear out; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Contrite, Detriment, Tribulation, Try.]

Defn: Worn out; common; used until so common as to have lost novelty and interest; hackneyed; stale; as, a trite remark; a trite subject. -- Trite"ly, adv. -- Trite"ness, n.

TRITERNATE Tri*ter"nate, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + ternate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Three times ternate; -- applied to a leaf whose petiole separates into three branches, each of which divides into three parts which each bear three leafiets.

TRITHEISM Tri"the*ism, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + Gr. trithéisme.]

Defn: The opinion or doctrine that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three distinct Gods.

TRITHEIST Tri"the*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trithéiste.]

Defn: One who believes in tritheism.

TRITHEISTIC; TRITHEISTICAL Tri`the*is"tic, Tri`the*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tritheism. Bolingbroke.

TRITHEITE Tri"the*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trithéite.]

Defn: A tritheist. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

TRITHING Tri"thing, n. Etym: [See Ist Riding.]

Defn: One of three ancient divisions of a county in England; -- now called riding. [Written also riding.] Blackstone.

TRITHIONATE Tri*thi"on*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of trithionic acid.

TRITHIONIC Tri`thi*on"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or designating, a certain thionic acid, H2S3O6 which is obtained as a colorless, odorless liquid.

TRITICAL Trit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Trite. [Obs.] T. Warton. -- Trit"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Trit"ic*al*ness, n. [Obs.]

TRITICIN Trit"i*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbohydrate isomeric with dextrin, obtained from quitch grass (Agropyrum, formerly Triticum, repens) as a white amorphous substance.

TRITICUM Trit"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., perhaps fr. tritus, p. p. of terere to grind.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including the various species of wheat.

TRITON Tri"ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A fabled sea demigod, the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and the trumpeter of Neptune. He is represented by poets and painters as having the upper part of his body like that of a man, and the lower part like that of a fish. He often has a trumpet made of a shell. Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea, Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn. Wordsworth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of marine gastropods belonging to Triton and allied genera, having a stout spiral shell, often handsomely colored and ornamented with prominent varices. Some of the species are among the largest of all gastropods. Called also trumpet shell, and sea trumpet.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders. The common European species are Hemisalamandra cristata, Molge palmata, and M. alpestris, a red-bellied species common in Switzerland. The most common species the United States is Diemyctylus viridescens. See Illust. under Salamander.

TRITONE Tri"tone`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: A superfluous or augmented fourth. [R.]

TRITORIUM Tri*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Triturium.

TRITOVUM Tri*to"vum, n.; pl. Tritova. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ovum egg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An embryonic insect which has twice cast its skin previous to hatching from the egg.

TRITOZOOID Tri`to*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A zooid of the third generation in asexual reproduction.

TRITUBERCULAR Tri`tu*ber"cu*lar, a. (a) Having or designating teeth with three cusps or tubercles; tricuspid. (b) Pertaining to trituberculy.

TRITUBERCULY Tri`tu*ber"cu*ly, n. [Pref. tri-+ L. tuberculum tubercle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A theory of the development of mammalian molar teeth. The primitive stage is that of simple cones, as in reptiles. The simple cone then developed a smaller cone in front and another behind. Next, a cingulum was developed, and the three cones became arranged in a triangle, the two smaller cusps having moved to the outer side in upper and to the inner in lower molars. This primitive triangle is called the trigon or trigonid and this stage the tritubercular or trigonodont. The trigon being a cutting apparatus, an extension of the posterior part of the crown was developed in lower molars for crushing, and a smaller corresponding part appeared in upper molars. Another large cone then arose, usually from the cingulum. In more complex forms, smaller intermediate cusps appeared.

TRITURABLE Trit"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. triturable.]

Defn: Capable of being triturated. Sir T. Browne.

TRITURATE Trit"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triturated; p. pr. & vb. n. Triturating.] Etym: [L. trituratus, p. p. of triturate to thrash (grain), fr. terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces. See Trite.]

1. To rub, grind, bruise, or thrash.

2. To rub or grind to a very fine or impalpable powder; to pulverize and comminute thoroughly.

TRITURATION Trit`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trituration, L. trituratio a thrashing of grain.]

Defn: The act of triturating, or reducing to a fine or impalpable powder by grinding, rubbing, bruising, etc. Paley.

TRITURE Trit"ure, n. Etym: [L. tritura, from terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces.]

Defn: A rubbing or grinding; trituration. [Obs.] Cheyne.

TRITURIUM Tri*tu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. terere, tritum to rub.]

Defn: A vessel for separating liquids of different densities. [Written also tritorium.]

TRITYL Tri"tyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Propyl. [R.]

TRITYLENE Tri"tyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Propylene. [R.]

TRIUMPH Tri"umph, n. Etym: [L. triumphus, OL. triumpus; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. triomphe. Cf. Trump at cards.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A magnificent and imposing ceremonial performed in honor of a general who had gained a decisive victory over a foreign enemy.

Note: The general was allowed to enter the city crowned with a wreath of laurel, bearing a scepter in one hand, and a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a circular chariot, of a peculiar form, drawn by four horses. He was preceded by the senate and magistrates, musicians, the spoils, the captives in fetters, etc., and followed by his army on foot in marching order. The procession advanced in this manner to the Capitoline Hill, where sacrifices were offered, and victorious commander entertained with a public feast.

2. Hence, any triumphal procession; a pompous exhibition; a stately show or pageant. [Obs.] Our daughter, In honor of whose birth these triumphs are, Sits here, like beauty's child. Shak.

3. A state of joy or exultation for success. Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. Milton. Hercules from Spain Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. Dryden.

4. Success causing exultation; victory; conquest; as, the triumph of knowledge.

5. A trump card; also, an old game at cards. [Obs.]

TRIUMPH Tri"umph, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Triumphed; p. pr. & vb. n. Triumphing.] Etym: [L. triumphare: cf. F. triompher. See Triumph, n.]

1. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success; to exult in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation. How long shall the wicked triumph Ps. xciv. 3. Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you That triumph thus upon my misery! Shak.

2. To obtain victory; to be successful; to prevail. Triumphing over death, and chance, and thee, O Time. Milton. On this occasion, however, genius triumphed. Macaulay.

3. To be prosperous; to flourish. Where commerce triumphed on the favoring gales. Trumbull.

4. To play a trump card. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

TRIUMPH Tri"umph, v. t.

Defn: To obtain a victory over; to prevail over; to conquer. Also, to cause to triumph. [Obs.] Two and thirty legions that awe All nations of the triumphed word. Massinger.

TRIUMPHAL Tri*um"phal, a. Etym: [L. triumphalis: cf. F. triomphal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to triumph; used in a triumph; indicating, or in honor of, a triumph or victory; as, a triumphal crown; a triumphal arch. Messiah his triumphal chariot turned. Milton.

TRIUMPHAL Tri*um"phal, n.

Defn: A token of victory. [Obs.] Joyless triumphals of his hoped success. Milton.

TRIUMPHANT Tri*um"phant, a. Etym: [L. triumphans, p. pr. of triumphare: cf. F. triomphant. See Triumph, v. i.]

1. Rejoicing for victory; triumphing; exultant. Successful beyond hope to lead ye forth Triumphant out of this infernal pit. Milton.

2. Celebrating victory; expressive of joy for success; as, a triumphant song or ode.

3. Graced with conquest; victorious. Athena, war's triumphant maid. Pope. So shall it be in the church triumphant. Perkins.

4. Of or pertaining to triumph; triumphal. [Obs.] Captives bound to a triumphant car. Shak. Church triumphant, the church in heaven, enjoying a state of triumph, her warfare with evil being over; -- distinguished from church militant. See under Militant.

TRIUMPHANTLY Tri*um"phant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a triumphant manner.

TRIUMPHER Tri"umph*er, n.

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One who was honored with a triumph; a victor.

2. One who triumphs or rejoices for victory.

TRIUMPHING Tri"umph*ing, a.

Defn: Having or celebrating a triumph; victorious; triumphant. -- Tri"umph*ing*ly, adv.

TRIUMVIR Tri*um"vir, n.; pl. L. Triumviri, E. Triumvirs. Etym: [L., fr. res, gen. trium, three + vir a man. See Three, and Virile.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of tree men united in public office or authority.

Note: In later times the triumvirs of Rome were three men who jointly exercised sovereign power. Julius Cæsar, Crassus, and Pompey were the first triumvirs; Octavianus (Augustus), Antony, and Lepidus were the second and last.

TRIUMVIRATE Tri*um"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. triumviratus: cf. F. triumvirat.]

1. Government by three in coalition or association; the term of such a government.

2. A coalition or association of three in office or authority; especially, the union of three men who obtained the government of the Roman empire.

TRIUMVIRY Tri*um"vi*ry, n.

Defn: A triumvirate. [Obs.] Shak.

TRIUNE Tri"une, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. unus one. See One.]

Defn: Being three in one; -- an epithet used to express the unity of a trinity of persons in the Godhead.

TRIUNGULUS Tri*un"gu*lus, n.; pl. Triunguli. Etym: [NL. See Tri-, and Ungulate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The active young larva of any oil beetle. It has feet armed with three claws, and is parasitic on bees. See Illust. of Oil beetle, under Oil.

TRIUNITY Tri*u"ni*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being triune; trinity. Dr. H. More.

TRIVALENCE Triv"a*lence, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The quality or state of being trivalent.

TRIVALENT Triv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a valence of three; capable of being combined with, substituted for, or compared with, three atoms of hydrogen; -- said of triad atoms or radicals; thus, nitrogen is trivalent in ammonia.

TRIVALVE Tri"valve, n. Etym: [Pref. tri- + valve.]

Defn: Anything having three valves, especially a shell.

TRIVALVULAR Tri*val"vu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + valvular.]

Defn: Having three valves; three-valved.

TRIVANT Triv"ant, n.

Defn: A truant. [Obs.] Burton.

TRIVERBIAL Tri*ver"bi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + L. verbum a word.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain days allowed to the pretor for hearing causes, when be might speak the three characteristic words of his office, do, dico, addico. They were called dies fasti.

TRIVET Triv"et, n. Etym: [Probably through French fr. L. tripes, -edis, three-footed; tri- (see Tri-)+ pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. trépied. See Foot, and cf. Tripod.]

1. A tree-legged stool, table, or other support; especially, a stand to hold a kettle or similar vessel near the fire; a tripod. [Written also trevet.]

2. A weaver's knife. See Trevat. Knight. Trivet table, a table supported by three legs. Dryden.

TRIVIAL Triv"i*al, a. Etym: [L. trivialis, properly, that is in, or belongs to, the crossroads or public streets; hence, that may be found everywhere, common, fr. trivium a place where three roads meet, a crossroad, the public street; tri- (see Tri-) + via a way: cf. F. trivial. See Voyage.]

1. Found anywhere; common. [Obs.]

2. Ordinary; commonplace; trifling; vulgar. As a scholar, meantime, he was trivial, and incapable of labor. De Quincey.

3. Of little worth or importance; inconsiderable; trifling; petty; paltry; as, a trivial subject or affair. The trivial round, the common task. Keble.

4. Of or pertaining to the trivium. Trivial name (Nat. Hist.), the specific name.(Chem.) The common name, not describing the structure and from which the structure cannot be deduced; -- contrasted with systematic name.

TRIVIAL Triv"i*al, n.

Defn: One of the three liberal arts forming the trivium. [Obs.] Skelton. Wood.

TRIVIALISM Triv"i*al*ism, n.

Defn: A trivial matter or method; a triviality. Carlyle.

TRIVIALITY Triv`i*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Trivialities. Etym: [Cf. F. trivialité]

1. The quality or state of being trivial; trivialness.

2. That which is trivial; a trifle. The philosophy of our times does not expend itself in furious discussions on mere scholastic trivialities. Lyon Playfair.

TRIVIALLY Triv"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a trivial manner.

TRIVIALNESS Triv"i*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being trivial.

TRIVIUM Triv"i*um, n. Etym: [LL. See Trivial.]

1. The three " liberal" arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric; -- being a triple way, as it were, to eloquence.

Note: The trivium and quadrivium together made up the seven liberal arts. See Quadrivium.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three anterior ambulacra of echinoderms, collectively.

TRIWEEKLY Tri"week`ly, a. Etym: [Pref. tri- + weekly.]

Defn: Occurring or appearing three times a week; thriceweekly; as, a triweekly newspaper. -- adv.

Defn: Three times a week. -- n.

Defn: A triweekly publication.

Note: This is a convenient word, but is not legitimately formed. It should mean occurring once in three weeks, as triennial means once in three years. Cf. Biweekly.

TROAD Troad, n.

Defn: See Trode. [Obs.]

TROAT Troat, v. i. Etym: [Either onomatopoetic, or akin to throat.]

Defn: To cry, as a buck in rutting time.

TROAT Troat, n.

Defn: The cry of a buck in rutting time.

TROCAR Tro"car, n. Etym: [F. trocart (or trois-quarts, i. e., three quarters); trois three (L. tres) + carre the side of a sword blade; - - so called from its triangular point.] (Surg.)

Defn: A stylet, usually with a triangular point, used for exploring tissues or for inserting drainage tubes, as in dropsy. [Written also trochar.]

TROCHA Tro"cha, n. [Sp., bypath, crossroad.] (Mil.)

Defn: A line of fortifications, usually rough, constructed to prevent the passage of an enemy across a region. [Sp. Amer.]

TROCHAIC Tro*cha"ic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A trochaic verse or measure. Dryden.

TROCHAIC; TROCHAICAL Tro*cha"ic, Tro*cha"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. trochaïcus, Gr. Trochee.] (Pros.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to trochees; consisting of trochees; as, trochaic measure or verse.

TROCHAL Tro"chal, a. Etym: [From Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a wheel. Trochal disk (Zoöl.), the cephalic disk of a rotifer. It is usually surrounded by a fringe of cilia.

TROCHANTER Tro*chan"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of two processes near the head of the femur, the outer being called the great trochanter, and the inner the small trochanter.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The third joint of the leg of an insect, or the second when the trochantine is united with the coxa.

TROCHANTERIC Tro`chan*ter"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to one or both of the trochanters.

TROCHANTINE Tro*chan"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second joint of the leg of an insect, -- often united with the coxa.

TROCHAR Tro"char, n. (Surg.)

Defn: See Trocar.

TROCHE Tro"che (tro"ke), n. Etym: [Gr. trocho`s anything round or circular, a wheel, properly, a runner, fr. tre`chein to run. Cf. Trochee.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A medicinal tablet or lozenge; strictly, one of circular form.

TROCHEE Tro"chee, n. Etym: [L. trochaeus, Gr. Troche, Truck a wheel.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short, as in the Latin word ante, or the first accented and the second unaccented, as in the English word motion; a choreus.

TROCHIL Tro"chil, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trochile. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crocodile bird. The crocodile . . . opens his chaps to let the trochil in to pick his teeth, which gives it the usual feeding. Sir T. Herbert.

TROCHILI Troch"i*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds comprising the humming birds.

TROCHILIC Tro*chil"ic, a. Etym: [See Trochilics.]

Defn: OF or pertaining to rotary motion; having power to draw out or turn round. "By art trochilic." Camden.

TROCHILICS Tro*chil"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of rotary motion, or of wheel work. Wilkins.

TROCHILIDIST Tro*chil"i*dist, n. Etym: [See Trochilus.]

Defn: One who studies, or is versed in, the nature and habits of humming birds, or the Trochilidæ. Gould.

TROCHILOS Troch"i*los, n. Etym: [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crocodile bird, or trochil.

TROCHILUS Troch"i*lus, n.; pl. Trochili. Etym: [L.trochilus a kind of small bird. Gr. to run.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A genus of humming birds. It Formerly included all the known species. (b) Any one of several species of wrens and kinglets. [Obs.] (c) The crocodile bird.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An annular molding whose section is concave, like the edge of a pulley; -- called also scotia.

TROCHING Tro"ching, n. Etym: [OF. troche cluster, group; cf. F. trochure a surantler, trochée branches of a seedling, trochet cluster of flowers or fruits.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small branches of a stag's antler.

TROCHISCUS Tro*chis"cus, n.; pl. Trochisci. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Troche.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A kind of tablet or lozenge; a troche.

TROCHISK Tro"chisk, n. Etym: [Cf. F. trochisque.]

Defn: See Trochiscus. [Obs.] Bacon.

TROCHITE Tro"chite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A wheel-like joint of the stem of a fossil crinoid.

TROCHLEA Troch"le*a, n. Etym: [L., a case or sheaf containing one or more pulleys, Gr. Trochilics.]

1. (Mach.)

Defn: A pulley. [Obs.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A pulley, or a structure resembling a pulley; as, the trochlea, or pulleylike end, of the humerus, which articulates with the ulna; or the trochlea, or fibrous ring, in the upper part of the orbit, through which the superior oblique, or trochlear, muscle of the eye passes.

TROCHLEAR Troch"le*ar, n. Etym: [L. trochlea block or pulley.] (Anat.)

Defn: Shaped like, or resembling, a pulley; pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; as, a trochlear articular surface; the trochlear muscle of the eye. Trochlear nerve. See Pathetic nerve, under Pathetic.

TROCHLEARY Troch"le*a*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; trochlear; as, the trochleary, or trochlear, nerve.

TROCHOID Tro"choid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid; cf. F. trochoïde. See Troche.] (Geom.)

Defn: The curve described by any point in a wheel rolling on a line; a cycloid; a roulette; in general, the curve described by any point fixedly connected with a moving curve while the moving curve rolls without slipping on a second fixed curve, the curves all being in one plane. Cycloids, epicycloids, hypocycloids, cardioids, etc., are all trochoids.

TROCHOID Tro"choid, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Admitting of rotation on an axis; -- sometimes applied to a pivot joint like that between the atlas and axis in the vertebral column.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Top-shaped; having a flat base and conical spire; -- said of certain shells.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Trochus or family Trochidæ.

TROCHOIDAL Tro*choid"al, a.

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a trochoid; having the properties of a trochoid.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trochoid, a.

TROCHOMETER Tro*chom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A contrivance for computing the revolutions of a wheel; an odometer.

TROCHOSPHERE Troch"o*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young larval form of many annelids, mollusks, and bryozoans, in which a circle of cilia is developed around the anterior end.

TROCHUS Tro"chus, n.; pl. Trochi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells belonging to Trochus and many allied genera of the family Trochidæ. Some of the species are called also topshells.

TROCO Tro"co, n.

Defn: An old English game; -- called also lawn billiards.

TROD Trod,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Tread.

TRODDEN Trod"den,

Defn: p. p. of Tread.

TRODE Trode, archaic

Defn: imp. of Tread. On burnished hooves his war-horse trode. Tennyson.

TRODE Trode, n. Etym: [AS. trod, fr. tredan to tread. See Tread.]

Defn: Tread; footing. [Written also troad.][Obs.] Spenser.

TROGLODYTE Trog"lo*dyte, n. Etym: [L. troglodytae, pl., Gr. troglodyte.]

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of any savage race that dwells in caves, instead of constructing dwellings; a cave dweller. Most of the primitive races of man were troglodytes. In the troglodytes' country there is a lake, for the hurtful water it beareth called the "mad lake." Holland.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An anthropoid ape, as the chimpanzee.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wren.

TROGLODYTES Trog`lo*dy"tes, n. Etym: [NL. See Troglodyte.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of apes including the chimpanzee.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of singing birds including the common wrens.

TROGLODYTIC; TROGLODYTICAL Trog`lo*dyt"ic, Trog`lo*dyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. troglodyticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a troglodyte, or dweller in caves.

TROGON Tro"gon, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of beautiful tropical birds belonging to the family Trogonidæ. They are noted for the brilliant colors and the resplendent luster of their plumage.

Note: Some of the species have a train of long brilliant feathers lying over the tail and consisting of the upper tail coverts. Unlike other birds having two toes directed forward and two backward, they have the inner toe turned backward. A few species are found in Africa and India, but the greater number, including the most brilliant species, are found in tropical America. See Illust. of Quesal.

TROGONOID Tro"gon*oid, a. Etym: [Trogon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the trogons.

TROGUE Trogue, n. Etym: [Cf. G. trog trough, E. trough.] (Mining)

Defn: A wooden trough, forming a drain. Raymond.

TROIC Tro"ic, a. Etym: [L. Troicus, Gr. Trojan.]

Defn: Pertaining to Troy; Trojan. Gladstone.

TROILITE Tro"i*lite, n. Etym: [Named after Dominico Troili, an Italian of the 18th century.] (Min.)

Defn: Native iron protosulphide, FeS. It is known only in meteoric irons, and is usually in imbedded nodular masses of a bronze color.

TROILUS Tro"i*lus, n.; pl. L. Troili, E. Troiluses. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Troilus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome American butterfly (Euphoeades, or Papilio, troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue spots on the rear wings.

TROILUS BUTTERFLY Tro"i*lus butterfly.

Defn: A large American butterfly (Papilio troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue on the rear.

TROIS POINT Trois` point". [F. trois three.] (Backgammon)

Defn: The third point from the outer edge on each player's home table.

TROJAN Tro"jan, a. Etym: [L. Trojanus, fr. Troja, Troia, Troy, from Tros, Gr. Trw`s, Trwo`s, Tros, the mythical founder of Troy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Troy. Tim jumped like a Trojan from the bed. Finnegan's Wake (Irish song)

TROLL Troll, n. Etym: [Icel. troll. Cf. Droll, Trull.] (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: A supernatural being, often represented as of diminutive size, but sometimes as a giant, and fabled to inhabit caves, hills, and like places; a witch. Troll flower. (Bot.) Same as Globeflower (a).

TROLL Troll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trolling.] Etym: [OE. trollen to roll, F. trôler, Of. troller to drag about, to ramble; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. G. trollen to roll, ramble, sich trollen to be gone; or perhaps for trotler, fr. F. trotter to trot (cf. Trot.). Cf. Trawl.]

1. To move circularly or volubly; to roll; to turn. To dress and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton.

2. To send about; to circulate, as a vessel in drinking. Then doth she troll to the bowl. Gammer Gurton's Needle. Troll the brown bowl. Sir W. Scott.

3. To sing the parts of in succession, as of a round, a catch, and the like; also, to sing loudly or freely. Will you troll the catch Shak. His sonnets charmed the attentive crowd, By wide-mouthed mortaltrolled aloud. Hudibras.

4. To angle for with a trolling line, or with a book drawn along the surface of the water; hence, to allure.

5. To fish in; to seek to catch fish from. With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmith.

TROLL Troll, v. i.

1. To roll; to run about; to move around; as, to troll in a coach and six.

2. To move rapidly; to wag. F. Beaumont.

3. To take part in trolling a song.

4. To fish with a rod whose line runs on a reel; also, to fish by drawing the hook through the water. Their young men . . . trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish. Bancroft.

TROLL Troll, n.

1. The act of moving round; routine; repetition. Burke.

2. A song the parts of which are sung in succession; a catch; a round. Thence the catch and troll, while "Laughter, holding both his sides," sheds tears to song and ballad pathetic on the woes of married life. Prof. Wilson.

3. A trolley. Troll plate (Mach.), a rotative disk with spiral ribs or grooves, by which several pieces, as the jaws of a chuck, can be brought together or spread radially.

TROLLER Troll"er, n.

Defn: One who trolls.

TROLLEY; TROLLY Trol"ley, Trol"ly, n. (a) A form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad materials, or the like. [Eng.] (b) A narrow cart that is pushed by hand or drawn by an animal. [Eng.] (c) (Mach.) A truck from which the load is suspended in some kinds of cranes. (d) (Electric Railway) A truck which travels along the fixed conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a railway car. Trolley line, (a) A trolley(e). (b) The path along which a trolley(e) runs. -- Trolley car, a wheeled car powered by electricity drawn from a trolley, and thus constrained to follow the trolley lines.

TROLLEY CAR Trol"ley car. (Elec.)

Defn: A motor car to which the current is conveyed by means of a trolley.

TROLLEY WIRE Trolley wire.

Defn: A heavy conducting wire on which the trolley car runs and from which it receives the current.

TROLLMYDAMES Troll"my*dames`, n. Etym: [F.trou-madame pigeon holes.]

Defn: The game of nineholes. [Written also trolmydames.] [Obs.] Shak.

TROLLOP Trol"lop, n. Etym: [From Troll to roll, to stroll; but cf. also Trull.]

Defn: A stroller; a loiterer; esp., an idle, untidy woman; a slattern; a slut; a whore.

TROLLOPEE Trol`lop*ee", n.

Defn: A kind of loose dress for women. [Obs.] Goldsmith.

TROMBONE Trom"bone, n. Etym: [It., aug. of tromba a trumpet: cf. F. trombone. See Trump a trumpet.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A powerful brass instrument of the trumpet kind, thought by some to be the ancient sackbut, consisting of a tube in three parts, bent twice upon itself and ending in a bell. The middle part, bent double, slips into the outer parts, as in a telescope, so that by change of the vibrating length any tone within the compass of the instrument (which may be bass or tenor or alto or even, in rare instances, soprano) is commanded. It is the only member of the family of wind instruments whose scale, both diatonic and chromatic, is complete without the aid of keys or pistons, and which can slide from note to note as smoothly as the human voice or a violin. Softly blown, it has a rich and mellow sound, which becomes harsh and blatant when the tones are forced; used with discretion, its effect is often solemn and majestic.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European bittern.

TROMMEL Trom"mel, n. Etym: [Cf. G. trommel a drum.] (Mining)

Defn: A revolving buddle or sieve for separating, or sizing, ores. Raymond.

TROMP Tromp, n. Etym: [F. trombe, trompe, a waterspout, a water-blowing machine. Cf. Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: A blowing apparatus, in which air, drawn into the upper part of a vertical tube through side holes by a stream of water within, is carried down with the water into a box or chamber below which it is led to a furnace. [Written also trompe, and trombe.]

TROMP; TROMPE Tromp, Trompe, n. Etym: [See Trump a trumpet.]

Defn: A trumpet; a trump. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TROMPIL Tromp"il, n. Etym: [OF. trompille, equiv. to F. trompette a trumpet.]

Defn: An aperture in a tromp.

TRON Tron, n.

Defn: See 3d Trone, 2. [Obs. or Scott.]

TRONA Tro"na, n. Etym: [Of Egyptian or North African origin.] (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: A native double salt, consisting of a combination of neutral and acid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.2HNaCO3.2H2O, occurring as a white crystalline fibrous deposit from certain soda brine springs and lakes; -- called also urao, and by the ancients nitrum.

TRONAGE Tron"age, n. Etym: [From Trone a steelyard.]

Defn: A toll or duty paid for weighing wool; also, the act of weighing wool. [Obs.] Nares.

TRONATOR Tro*na"tor, n. Etym: [LL. See Tronage.]

Defn: An officer in London whose duty was to weigh wool. [Obs.]

TRONE Trone, n.

Defn: A throne. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TRONE Trone, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. F. trogne a belly.]

Defn: A small drain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

TRONE; TRONES Trone, Trones, n. Etym: [LL. trona, fr. L. trutina a balance; cf. Gr.

1. A steelyard. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A form of weighing machine for heavy wares, consisting of two horizontal bars crossing each other, beaked at the extremities, and supported by a wooden pillar. It is now mostly disused. [Scot.] Jamieson. Trone stone, a weight equivalent to nineteen and a half pounds. [Scot.] -- Trone weight, a weight formerly used in Scotland, in which a pound varied from 21 to 28 ounces avoirdupois.

TROOP Troop, n. Etym: [F. troupe, OF. trope, trupe, LL. troppus; of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. þorp a hamlet, village, G. dorf a village, dial. G. dorf a meeting. Norw. torp a little farm, a crowd, E. thorp. Cf. Troupe.]

1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude. That which should accompany old age --As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends --I must not look to have. Shak.

2. Soldiers, collectively; an army; -- now generally used in the plural. Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars. Shak. His troops moved to victory with the precision of machines. Macaulay.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: Specifically, a small body of cavalry, light horse, or dragoons, consisting usually of about sixty men, commanded by a captain; the unit of formation of cavalry, corresponding to the company in infantry. Formerly, also, a company of horse artillery; a battery.

4. A company of stageplayers; a troupe. W. Coxe.

5. (Mil.)

Defn: A particular roll of the drum; a quick march.

TROOP Troop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trooped; p. pr. & vb. n. Trooping.]

1. To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops. "Armies . . . troop to their standard." Milton.

2. To march on; to go forward in haste. Nor do I, as an enemy to peace, Troop in the throngs of military men. Shak.

TROOPBIRD Troop"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any troupial.

TROOPER Troop"er, n.

Defn: A soldier in a body of cavalry; a cavalryman; also, the horse of a cavalryman.

TROOPFOWL Troop"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American scaup duck. [Local, U. S.]

TROOPIAL Troop"i*al, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Troupial.

TROOPMEAL Troop"meal`, adv. Etym: [Troop + -meal as in piecemeal.]

Defn: By troops; in crowds. [Obs.] So, troopmeal, Troy pursued a while, laying on with swords and darts. Chapman.

TROOPSHIP Troop"ship`, n.

Defn: A vessel built or fitted for the conveyance of troops; a transport. [Eng.]

TROOSTITE Troost"ite, n. Etym: [So named after Dr. Gerard Troost, of Nashville, Tenn.] (Min.)

Defn: Willemite.

TROPAEOLIN Tro*pæ"o*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A name given to any one of a series of orange-red dyestuffs produced artificially from certain complex sulphonic acid derivatives of azo and diazo hydrocarbons of the aromatic series; -- so called because of the general resemblance to the shades of nasturtium (Tropæolum).

TROPE Trope, n. Etym: [L. tropus, Gr. Torture, and cf. Trophy, Tropic, Troubadour, Trover.] (Rhet.) (a) The use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it; the use of a word or expression as changed from the original signification to another, for the sake of giving life or emphasis to an idea; a figure of speech. (b) The word or expression so used. In his frequent, long, and tedious speeches, it has been said that a trope never passed his lips. Bancroft.

Note: Tropes are chiefly of four kinds: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Some authors make figures the genus, of which trope is a species; others make them different things, defining trope to be a change of sense, and figure to be any ornament, except what becomes so by such change.

TROPEINE Tro*pe"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of artificial ethereal salts derived from the alkaloidal base tropine.

TROPHI Tro"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mouth parts of an insect, collectively, including the labrum, labium, maxillæ, mandibles, and lingua, with their appendages.

TROPHIC Troph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Trophi.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or connected with nutrition; nitritional; nourishing; as, the so-called trophic nerves, which have a direct influence on nutrition.

TROPHIED Tro"phied, a.

Defn: Adorned with trophies. The trophied arches, storied halls, invade. Pope.

TROPHONIAN Tro*pho"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Trophonianus, fr. Trophonius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Trophonius, his architecture, or his cave and oracle.

TROPHOSOME Troph"o*some, n. Etym: [Gr. -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nutritive zooids of a hydroid, collectively, as distinguished from the gonosome, or reproductive zooids.

TROPHOSPERM Troph"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. trophosperme. See Trophi.] (Bot.)

Defn: The placenta.

TROPHY Tro"phy, n.; pl. Trophies. Etym: [F. trophée (cf. It. & Sp. trofeo), L. tropaeum, trophaeum, Gr. Trope.]

1. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A sign or memorial of a victory raised on the field of battle, or, in case of a naval victory, on the nearest land. Sometimes trophies were erected in the chief city of the conquered people.

Note: A trophy consisted originally of some of the armor, weapons, etc., of the defeated enemy fixed to the trunk of a tree or to a post erected on an elevated site, with an inscription, and a dedication to a divinity. The Romans often erected their trophies in the Capitol.

2. The representation of such a memorial, as on a medal; esp. (Arch.), an ornament representing a group of arms and military weapons, offensive and defensive.

3. Anything taken from an enemy and preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, standards, etc. Around the posts hung helmets, darts, and spears, And captive chariots, axes, shields, and bars, And broken beaks of ships, the trophies of their wars. Dryden.

4. Any evidence or memorial of victory or conquest; as, every redeemed soul is a trophy of grace.

Note: Some trophies(5) are unique, temporary possession of the same object passing to the new victors of some periodic contest in subsequent occurrences. Others are objects of little inherent worth, given by the authority sponsoring the contest to the victor. A trophy is sometimes shaped like a cup, and in such cases may be called a cup, as the America's Cup (in Yacht racing). Trophy money, a duty paid formerly in England, annually, by housekeepers, toward providing harness, drums, colors, and the like, for the militia.

TROPIC Trop"ic, a. Etym: [Atropine + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine and certain other alkaloids, as a white crystalline substance slightly soluble in water.

TROPIC Trop"ic, n. Etym: [F. tropique, L.tropicus of or belonging to a turn, i. e., of the sun, Gr. Trope.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated on each side of the equator, at a distance of 23º 28min, and parallel to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north or south, and from which it turns again toward the equator, the northern circle being called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern the Tropic of Capricorn, from the names of the two signs at which they touch the ecliptic.

2. (Geog.) (a) One of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude corresponding to the celestial tropics, and called by the same names. (b) pl.

Defn: The region lying between these parallels of latitude, or near them on either side. The brilliant flowers of the tropics bloom from the windows of the greenhouse and the saloon. Bancroft.

TROPIC Trop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tropics; tropical. Tropic bird (Zoöl.), any one of three species of oceanic belonging to the genus Phaëthon, found chiefly in tropical seas. They are mostly white, and have two central tail feathers very long and slender. The yellow-billed tropic bird. Phaëthon flavirostris (called also boatswain), is found on the Atlantic coast of America, and is common at the Bermudas, where it breeds.

TROPICAL Trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. L. tropicus of turning, Gr. Tropic, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the tropics; characteristic of, or incident to, the tropics; being within the tropics; as, tropical climate; tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical diseases.

2. Etym: [From Trope.]

Defn: Rhetorically changed from its exact original sense; being of the nature of a trope; figurative; metaphorical. Jer. Taylor. The foundation of all parables is some analogy or similitude between the tropical or allusive part of the parable and the thing intended by it. South. Tropic month. See Lunar month, under Month. -- Tropic year, the solar year; the period occupied by the sun in passing from one tropic or one equinox to the same again, having a mean length of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46.0 seconds, which is 20 minutes, 23.3 seconds shorter than the sidereal year, on account of the precession of the equinoxes.

TROPICALLY Trop"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tropical manner; figuratively; metaphorically.

TROPIDINE Trop"i*dine, n. Etym: [See Tropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, C8H13N, obtained by the chemical dehydration of tropine, as an oily liquid having a coninelike odor.

TROPILIDENE Tro*pil"i*dene, n. Etym: [See Tropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the dry distillation of tropine with quicklime. It is regarded as being homologous with dipropargyl.

TROPINE Tro"pine, n. Etym: [From Atropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline alkaloid, C8H15NO, produced by decomposing atropine.

TROPISM Tro"pism, n. [Gr. a turning, to turn + -ism.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Modification of the direction of growth.

TROPIST Trop"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tropiste. See Trope.]

Defn: One who deals in tropes; specifically, one who avoids the literal sense of the language of Scripture by explaining it as mere tropes and figures of speech.

TROPOLOGIC; TROPOLOGICAL Trop`o*log"ic, Trop`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. tropologique. See Tropology.]

Defn: Characterized by tropes; varied by tropes; tropical. Burton. -- Trop`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

TROPOLOGIZE Tro*pol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To use in a tropological sense, as a word; to make a trope of. [R.] If . . . Minerva be tropologized into prudence. Cudworth.

TROPOLOGY Tro*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. tropologie.]

Defn: A rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes, or changes from the original import of the word. Sir T. Browne.

TROPPO Trop"po, adv. [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Too much; as, allegro ma non troppo, brisk but not too much so.

TROSSERS Tros"sers, n. pl.

Defn: Trousers. [Obs.] Shak.

TROT Trot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trotting.] Etym: [OE. trotten, OF. troter, F. trotter; probably of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tread; cf. OHG. trott to tread. See Tread.]

1. To proceed by a certain gait peculiar to quadrupeds; to ride or drive at a trot. See Trot, n.

2. Fig.: To run; to jog; to hurry. He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night. Franklin.

TROT Trot, v. t.

Defn: To cause to move, as a horse or other animal, in the pace called a trot; to cause to run without galloping or cantering. To trot out, to lead or bring out, as a horse, to show his paces; hence, to bring forward, as for exhibition. [Slang.]

TROT Trot, n. Etym: [F. See Trot, v. i.]

1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, more rapid than a walk, but of various degrees of swiftness, in which one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side are lifted at the same time. "The limbs move diagonally in pairs in the trot." Stillman (The Horse in Motion).

2. Fig.: A jogging pace, as of a person hurrying.

3. One who trots; a child; a woman. An old trot with ne'er a tooth. Shak.

TROTH Troth, n. Etym: [A variant of truth. See Truth.]

1. Belief; faith; fidelity. Bid her alight And hertroth plight. Shak.

2. Truth; verity; veracity; as, by my troth. Shak. In troth, thou art able to instruct gray hairs. Addison.

3. Betrothal.

TROTHLESS Troth"less, a.

Defn: Faitless; false; treacherous. Thrall to the faithless waves and trothless sky. Fairfax.

TROTHPLIGHT Troth"plight`, v. t.

Defn: To betroth. [Obs.]

TROTHPLIGHT Troth"plight`, a.

Defn: Betrothed; espoused; affianced. [Obs.] Shak.

TROTHPLIGHT Troth"plight`, n.

Defn: The act of betrothing, or plighting faith; betrothing. [Obs.] Shak.

TROTHPLIGHTED Troth"plight`ed, a.

Defn: Having fidelity pledged.

TROTTER Trot"ter, n.

1. One that trots; especially, a horse trained to be driven in trotting matches.

2. The foot of an animal, especially that of a sheep; also, humorously, the human foot.

TROTTOIR Trot"toir, n. Etym: [F., from trotter to trot. See Trot.]

Defn: Footpath; pavement; sidewalk. Headless bodies trailed along the trottoirs. Froude.

TROUBADOUR Trou"ba*dour`, n. Etym: [F. troubadour, fr. Pr. trobador, (assumed) LL. tropator a singer, tropare to sing, fr. tropus a kind of singing, a melody, song, L. tropus a trope, a song, Gr. Trope, and cf. Trouv.]

Defn: One of a school of poets who flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth century, principally in Provence, in the south of France, and also in the north of Italy. They invented, and especially cultivated, a kind of lyrical poetry characterized by intricacy of meter and rhyme, and usually of a romantic, amatory strain.

TROUBLABLE Trou"bla*ble, a.

Defn: Causing trouble; troublesome. [Obs.] troublable ire." Chaucer.

TROUBLE Trou"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Troubled; p. pr. & vb. n. Troubling.] Etym: [F. troubler, OF. trobler, trubler, tourbler,fr. (assumed) LL. turbulare, L. turbare to disorderly group, a little crowd; both from turba a disorder, tumult, crowd; akin to Gr. thorp; cf. Skr. tvar, tur,o hasten. Cf. Turbid.]

1. To put into confused motion; to disturb; to agitate. An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water. John v. 4. God looking forth will trouble all his host. Milton.

2. To disturb; to perplex; to afflict; to distress; to grieve; to fret; to annoy; to vex. Now is my soul troubled. John xii. 27. Take the boy to you; he so troubles me 'T is past enduring. Shak. Never trouble yourself about those faults which age will cure. Locke.

3. To give occasion for labor to; -- used in polite phraseology; as, I will not trouble you to deliver the letter.

Syn. -- To disturb; perplex; afflict; distress; grieve; harass; annoy; tease; vex; molest.

TROUBLE Trou"ble, a.

Defn: Troubled; dark; gloomy. [Obs.] "With full trouble cheer." Chaucer.

TROUBLE Trou"ble, n. Etym: [F. trouble, OF. troble, truble. See Trouble, v. t.]

1. The state of being troubled; disturbance; agitation; uneasiness; vexation; calamity. Lest the fiend . . . some new trouble raise. Milton. Foul whisperings are abroad; unnatural deeds Do breed unnatural troubles. Shak.

2. That which gives disturbance, annoyance, or vexation; that which afflicts.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A fault or interruption in a stratum. To get into trouble, to get into difficulty or danger. [Colloq.] -- To take the trouble, to be at the pains; to exert one's self; to give one's self inconvenience. She never took the trouble to close them. Bryant.

Syn. -- Affliction; disturbance; perplexity; annoyance; molestation; vexation; inconvenience; calamity; misfortune; adversity; embarrassment; anxiety; sorrow; misery.

TROUBLER Trou"bler, n.

Defn: One who troubles or disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber; as, a troubler of the peace. The rich troublers of the world's repose. Waller.

TROUBLESOME Trou"ble*some, a.

Defn: Giving trouble or anxiety; vexatious; burdensome; wearisome. This troublesome world. Book of Common Prayer. These troublesome disguises that we wear. Milton. My mother will never be troublesome to me. Pope.

Syn. -- Uneasy; vexatious; perplexing; harassing; annoying; disgusting; irksome; afflictive; burdensome; tiresome; wearisome; importunate. -- Trou"ble*some*ly, adv. -- Trou"ble*some*ness, n.

TROUBLOUS Trou"blous, a.

Defn: Full of trouble; causing trouble. "In doubtful time of troublous need." Byron. A tall ship tossed in troublous seas. Spenser.

TROU-DE-LOUP Trou"-de-loup", n.; pl. Trous-de-loup(Etym: [F. trou hole + de of + loup wolf.] (Mil.)

Defn: A pit in the form of an inverted cone or pyramid, constructed as an obstacle to the approach of an enemy, and having a pointed stake in the middle. The pits are called also trapholes.

TROUGH Trough, n. Etym: [OE. trough, trogh, AS. trog, troh; akin to D., G., & Icel. trog, Sw. tråg, Dan. trug; probably originally meaning, made of wood, and akin to E. tree. Tree, and cf. Trug.]

1. A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel.

2. Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc. Trough gutter (Arch.), a rectangular or V-shaped gutter, usually hung below the eaves of a house. -- Trough of the sea, the depression between two waves.

TROUGH-SHELL Trough"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bivalve shell of the genus Mactra. See Mactra.

TROUL Troul, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Troll.

TROUNCE Trounce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Trouncing.] Etym: [F. tronce, tronche, a stump, piece of wood. See Truncheon.]

Defn: To punish or beat severely; to whip smartly; to flog; to castigate. [Colloq.]

TROUPE Troupe, n. Etym: [F., troop. See Troop.]

Defn: A company or troop, especially the company pf performers in a play or an opera.

TROUPIAL Troup"i*al, n. Etym: [F. troupiale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of bright-colored American birds belonging to Icterus and allied genera, especially Icterus icterus, a native of the West Indies and South America. Many of the species are called orioles in America. [Written also troopial.]

TROUSE Trouse, n.

Defn: Trousers. [Obs.] Spenser.

TROUSERING Trou"ser*ing, n.

Defn: Cloth or material for making trousers.

TROUSERS Trou"sers, n. pl. Etym: [OF. trousses breeches worn by pages, from trousse, trosse, a bundle, a truss. See Truss, and cf. Trossers, Trouse.]

Defn: A garment worn by men and boys, extending from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering each leg separately. pants; used attrib. in the singular, as a trouser leg; see pant

TROUSSE Trousse, n. [F. See Truss; cf. Trousseau.]

Defn: A case for small implements; as, a surgeon's trousse.

TROUSSEAU Trous`seau", n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. trossel, dim. of trousse a bundle, truss. See Truss.]

Defn: The collective lighter equipments or outfit of a bride, including clothes, jewelry, and the like; especially, that which is provided for her by her family.

TROUT Trout, n. Etym: [AS. truht, L. tructa, tructus; akin to Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of fishes belonging to Salmo, Salvelinus, and allied genera of the family Salmonidæ. They are highly esteemed as game fishes and for the quality of their flesh. All the species breed in fresh water, but after spawning many of them descend to the sea if they have an opportunity.

Note: The most important European species are the river, or brown, trout (Salmo fario), the salmon trout, and the sewen. The most important American species are the brook, speckled, or red-spotted, trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Northern United States and Canada; the red-spotted trout, or Dolly Varden (see Malma); the lake trout (see Namaycush); the black-spotted, mountain, or silver, trout (Salmo purpuratus); the golden, or rainbow, trout (see under Rainbow); the blueback trout (see Oquassa); and the salmon trout (see under Salmon.) The European trout has been introduced into America.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of marine fishes more or less resembling a trout in appearance or habits, but not belonging to the same family, especially the California rock trouts, the common squeteague, and the southern, or spotted, squeteague; -- called also salt-water trout, sea trout, shad trout, and gray trout. See Squeteague, and Rock trout under Rock. Trout perch (Zoöl.), a small fresh-water American fish (Percopsis guttatus), allied to the trout, but resembling a perch in its scales and mouth.

TROUTBIRD Trout"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American golden plover. [Local, U. S.]

TROUT-COLORED Trout"-col`ored, a.

Defn: White, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel; as, a trout-colored horse.

TROUTLET Trout"let, n.

Defn: A little trout; a troutling. Hood.

TROUTLING Trout"ling, n.

Defn: A little trout; a troutlet.

TROUVERE; TROUVEUR Trou`vère", Trou`veur", n. Etym: [F. trouveur, trouvère. See Troubadour.]

Defn: One of a school of poets who flourished in Northern France from the eleventh to the fourteenth century.

TROVER Tro"ver, n. Etym: [OF. trover, truver, to find, F. trouver; probably originally, to invent or compose (melodies), fr. (assumed) LL. tropare. See Troubadour, Trope, and cf. Contrive, Reirieve, Trouveur.] (Law) (a) The gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or by other means. (b) An action to recover damages against one who found goods, and would not deliver them to the owner on demand; an action which lies in any case to recover the value of goods wrongfully converted by another to his own use. In this case the finding, though alleged, is an immaterial fact; the injury lies in the conversion.

TROW Trow, n.

Defn: A boat with an open well amidships. It is used in spearing fish. Knight.

TROW Trow, v. i. & t. Etym: [OE. trowen, AS.treówan to trust, believe, fr. treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.]

Defn: To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [Archaic] So that ye trow in Christ, and you baptize. Chaucer. A better priest, I trow, there nowhere none is. Chaucer. It never yet was worn, I trow. Tennyson.

Note: I trow, or trow alone, was formerly sometimes added to questions to express contemptuous or indignant surprise. What tempest, I trow, threw this whale . . . ashore Shak. What is the matter, trow Shak.

TROWEL Trow"el, n. Etym: [OE. truel, OF. truele, F. truelle, LL. truella, L. trulla, dim. of trua a ladle; probably akin to Gr. quirl a stirrer, MHG. twirel, OHG. dwiril, Icel. þvara, AS. þwiril. Cf. Twirl.]

1. A mason's tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.

2. A gardener's tool, somewhat like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring the earth, etc.

3. (Founding)

Defn: A tool used for smoothing a mold. Trowel bayonet. See Spade bayonet, under Spade. -- Fish trowel. See Fish slice, under Fish.

TROWELED Trow"eled.

Defn: Formed with a trowel; smoothed with a trowel; as, troweled stucco, that is, stucco laid on and ready for the reception of paint. [Written also trowelled.]

TROWELFUL Trow"el*ful, n.; pl. Trowelfuls (.

Defn: As much as a trowel will hold; enough to fill a trowel.

TROWL Trowl, n.

Defn: See Troll.

TROWSED Trowsed, a.

Defn: Wearing trousers. [Obs.]

TROWSERS Trow"sers, n. pl.

Defn: Same as Trousers.

TROY Troy, n.

Defn: Troy weight. Troy weight, the weight which gold and silver, jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes, in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1apothecaries' weight, used in weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the

TROYOUNCE Troy"ounce, n.

Defn: See Troy ounce, under Troy weight, above, and under Ounce.

TRUAGE Tru"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. truage a tax. See True.]

1. A pledge of truth or peace made on payment of a tax. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

2. A tax or impost; tribute. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.

TRUANCY Tru"an*cy, n.

Defn: The act of playing truant, or the state of being truant; as, addicted to truancy.

TRUAND Tru"and (, n. & a.

Defn: See Truant. [Obs.]

TRUANT Tru"ant, n. Etym: [F. truand, OF. truant, a vagrant, beggar; of Celtic origin; cf. W. tru, truan, wretched, miserable, truan a wretch, Ir. trogha miserable, Gael. truaghan a poor, distressed, or wretched creature, truagh wretched.]

Defn: One who stays away from business or any duty; especially, one who stays out of school without leave; an idler; a loiterer; a shirk. Dryden. I have a truant been to chivalry. Shak. To play truant, to stray away; to loiter; especially, to stay out of school without leave. Sir T. Browne

TRUANT Tru"ant, a.

Defn: Wandering from business or duty; loitering; idle, and shirking duty; as, a truant boy. While truant Jove, in infant pride, Played barefoot on Olympus' side. Trumbull.

TRUANT Tru"ant, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. truander.]

Defn: To idle away time; to loiter, or wander; to play the truant. Shak. By this means they lost their time and truanted on the fundamental grounds of saving knowledge. Lowell.

TRUANT Tru"ant, v. t.

Defn: To idle away; to waste. [R.] I dare not be the author Of truanting the time. Ford.

TRUANTLY Tru"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a truant; in idleness.

TRUANTSHIP Tru"ant*ship, n.

Defn: The conduct of a truant; neglect of employment; idleness; truancy. Ascham.

TRUB Trub, n. Etym: [Cf. Truffle.]

Defn: A truffle. [Obs.]

TRUBTALL Trub"tall`, n. Etym: [Prov. E. trub slut; cf. Sw. trubbig stumpy.]

Defn: A short, squat woman. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

TRUBU Tru*bu", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East India herring (Clupea toli) which is extensively caught for the sake of its roe and for its flesh.