Chapter CCCLXXXVIII: Prologue (39)

Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush. -- Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). -- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). -- King salmon, the quinnat. -- Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon. Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail.

2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon. Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. -- Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. -- Salmon ladder, salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. -- Salmon peel, a young salmon. -- Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.

SALMON Salm"on, a.

Defn: Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.

SALMONET Salm"on*et, n. Etym: [Cf. Samlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon of small size; a samlet.

SALMONOID Sal"mon*oid, a. Etym: [Salmon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Salmonidæ, a family of fishes including the trout and salmon. -- n.

Defn: Any fish of the family Salmonidæ.

SALOGEN Sal"o*gen, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A halogen. [Obs.]

SALOL Sal"ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol salicylate.

SALOMETER sa*lom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Salimeter.

SALOMETRY Sa*lom"e*try, n.

Defn: Salimetry.

SALON Sa`lon", n. Etym: [F. See Saloon.]

Defn: An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.

SALON Sa`lon", n.

Defn: An apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; -- sometimes called the Old Salon. New Salon is a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes Français (Society of French Artists).

SALOON Sa*loon", n. Etym: [F. salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F. salle a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal; akin to AS. sæl, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to dwell, and probably to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of the foot, Soil ground, earth.]

1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat. The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. Macaulay.

2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon. We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.

SALOOP Sa*loop", n.

Defn: An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one time much used in London. J. Smith (Dict. econ. Plants). Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Rhagodia hastata) of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.

SALP Salp, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpidæ.

SALPA Sal"pa, n.; pl. L. Salpæ, E. Salpas. Etym: [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind of stockfish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series of the other kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to form a chain, or cluster, often of large size. Each of the individuals composing the chain carries a single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.

SALPIAN; SALPID Sal"pi*an, Sal"pid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salpa.

SALPICON Sal"pi*con, n. Etym: [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.]

Defn: Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints; stuffing; farce. Bacon.

SALPINGITIS Sal`pin*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Salpinx, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the salpinx.

SALPINX Sal"pinx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Old Anat.)

Defn: The Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.

SALSAFY Sal"sa*fy, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Salsify.

SALSAMENTARIOUS Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p.p. of salire to salt.]

Defn: Salt; salted; saline. [R.]

SALSE Salse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts, whence the name.

SALSIFY Sal"si*fy, n. Etym: [F. salsifis.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Oyster plant (a), under Oyster.

SALSO-ACID Sal"so-ac`id, a. Etym: [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.]

Defn: Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt and acid. [R.]

SALSODA Sal`so"da, n.

Defn: See Sal soda, under Sal.

SALSOLA Sal"so*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain alkaline salts.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the glasswort. See Glasswort.

SALSUGINOUS sal*su"gi*nous, a. Etym: [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness from salsus salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in brackish places or in salt marches.

SALT Salt, n. Etym: [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout, G. salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. sole, Ir. & Gael. salann, W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce, Sausage.]

1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.

2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning. Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some salt of our youth in us. Shak.

3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.

4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar. I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts. Pepys.

5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.] Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping, clusters of old salts. Hawthorne.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.

Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts See Phrases below.

7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt. Ye are the salt of the earth. Matt. v. 13.

8. pl.

Defn: Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.

9. pl.

Defn: Marches flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.] Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot. His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt. B. Jonson. -- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is a neutral salt. -- Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. -- Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] -- Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid. (b) An alkaline salt. -- Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. -- Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double. -- Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. -- Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystalizing plant juices. -- Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. -- Glauber's salt or salts. See in Vocabulary. -- Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium chloride. -- Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic. -- Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction. -- Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid. -- Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt, a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. -- Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. -- Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle. -- Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid. -- Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. -- Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under Hartshorn. -- Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below. -- Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the alchemical of lead being Saturn. -- Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt. -- Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate. -- Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon. -- Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] -- Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being Venus. -- Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth. -- Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid. -- Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or analogous compound. -- Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit. -- Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen.

SALT Salt, a. [Compar. Salter; superl. Saltest.] Etym: [AS. sealt, salt. See Salt, n.]

1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water. "Salt tears." Chaucer.

2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.

3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent. I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me. Shak.

4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak. Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. -- Salt block, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. -- Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with saline efforescences. [Western U.S.] bartlett. -- Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process. -- Salt fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish. -- Salt garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow basins excavated near the seashore. -- Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a salimeter. -- Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] -- Salt junk, hard salt beef for use at sea. [Slang] -- Salt lick. See Lick, n. -- Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of salt water. -- Salt-marsh caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acreæ which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also wooly bear. See Illust. under Moth, Pupa, and Woolly bear, under Woolly. -- Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb (Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt marshes. -- Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail. -- Salt-marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond-back. -- Salt mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained. -- Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works. -- Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. -- Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] -- Salt raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or inclosures from the sea. -- Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] -- Salt spring, a spring of salt water. -- Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. -- Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears. Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here. Shak. -- Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. -- Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish.

SALT Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.]

1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.

2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] -- To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.

SALT Salt, v. i.

Defn: To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.

SALT Salt, n. Etym: [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.]

Defn: The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SALTANT Sal"tant, a. Etym: [L. saltans, p.pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.]

1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.

2. (Her.)

Defn: In a leaping position; springing forward; -- applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.

SALTARELLA Sal`ta*rel"la, n.

Defn: See Saltarello.

SALTARELLO Sal`ta*rel"lo, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.]

Defn: A popular Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, but with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See Tarantella.

SALTATE Sal"tate, v. i. Etym: [See Saltant.]

Defn: To leap or dance. [R.]

SALTATION Sal*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.]

1. A leaping or jumping. Continued his saltation without pause. Sir W. Scott.

2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to new races. We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known forms. Huxley.

SALTATORIA Sal`ta*to"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets.

SALTATORIAL Sal`ta*to"ri*al, a.

1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.

SALTATORIOUS Sal`ta*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a saltatorious insect or leg.

SALTATORY Sal"ta*to"ry, a. Etym: [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf. Saltire.]

Defn: Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or dancing. Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked variations. See Saltation. -- Saltatory spasm (Med.), an affection in which pressure of the foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.

SALTBUSH Salt"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the Goosefoot family.

SALTCAT Salt"cat`, n.

Defn: A mixture of salt, coarse meal lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.

SALTCELLAR Salt"cel*lar, n. Etym: [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.]

Defn: Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on the table.

SALTER Salt"er, n.

Defn: One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.

SALTERN Salt"ern, n.

Defn: A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt works.

SALTFOOT Salt"foot`, n.

Defn: A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.

SALT-GREEN Salt"-green, a.

Defn: Sea-green in color. Shak.

SALTIE Salt"ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European dab.

SALTIER Sal"tier, n.

Defn: See Saltire.

SALTIGRADAE Sal`ti*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and leap upon their prey; the leaping spiders.

SALTIGRADE Sal"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F. saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feet or legs formed for leaping.

SALTIGRADE Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Saltigradæ a tribe of spiders which leap to seize their prey.

SALTIMBANCO Sal`tim*ban"co, n. Etym: [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.]

Defn: A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also santibanco.] Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans. Sir T. browne.

SALTING Salt"ing, n.

1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt.

2. A salt marsh.

SALTIRE Sal"tire, n. Etym: [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.] (Her.)

Defn: A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, -- one of the honorable ordinaries.

SALTIREWISE Sal"tire*wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a saltire; -- said especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the center.

SALTISH Salt"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt. -- Salt"ish*ly, adv. -- Salt"ish*ness, n.

SALTLESS Salt"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of salt; insipid.

SALTLY Salt"ly, adv.

Defn: With taste of salt; in a salt manner.

SALTMOUTH Salt"mouth`, n.

Defn: A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals, especially crystallized salts.

SALTNESS Salt"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.

SALTPETER; SALTPETRE Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre, (, n. Etym: [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone salt; Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. -- Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called because made from saltpeter.

SALTPETROUS Salt`pe"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salpêtreux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]

SALT RHEUM Salt" rheum. (Med.)

Defn: A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See Eczema.

SALTWORT Salt`wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort. Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.

SALTY Salt"y, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt; saltish.

SALUBRIOUS Sa*lu"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.]

Defn: Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or climate.

Syn. -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary. -- Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.

SALUBRITY Sa*lu"bri*ty, n. Etym: [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See Salubrious.]

Defn: The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet, dry small of salubrity." G. W. Cable.

SALUE Sa*lue", v. t. Etym: [F. saluer. See Salute.]

Defn: To salute. [Obs.] There was no "good day" and no saluyng. Chaucer.

SALUTARY Sal"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health safety: cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.]

1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary exercise.

2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.

Syn. -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful; advantageous; profitable. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ly, adv. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.

SALUTATION Sal`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See Salute.]

Defn: The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting. In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober persons. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Greeting; salute; address. -- Salutation, Greeting, Salute, Greeting is the general word for all manner of expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may be hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal documents. Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in the sense of either greeting or salutation, is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration not expressed in words. The guests received a greeting which relieved their embrassment, offered their salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they entered, made a deferential salute. Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets. Luke xi. 43. When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb. Luke i. 41. I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three friends. Addison.

SALUTATORIAN Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an, n.

Defn: The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]

SALUTATORILY Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of salutation.

SALUTATORY Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutatorius. See Salute.]

Defn: Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome; greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which introduces the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in American colleges.

SALUTATORY Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n.

1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch. [Obs.] Milton.

2. (American Colleges)

Defn: The salutatory oration.

SALUTE Sa*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.] Etym: [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See Salubrious.]

1. To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to greet; to hail. I salute you with this kingly title. Shak.

2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc. You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the freedom to salute it. Addison.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.

4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] "If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.

SALUTE Sa*lute", n. Etym: [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.]

1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.

2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.

SALUTER Sa*lut"er, n.

Defn: One who salutes.

SALUTIFEROUS Sal`u*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health + ferre to bring.]

Defn: Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as, salutiferous air. [R.] Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous. Cudworth.

Syn. -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.

SALUTIFEROUSLY Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Salutarily. [R.]

SALVABILITY Sal`va*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness. [R.] In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible outside the communion of the visible organization. A. V. G. Allen.

SALVABLE Sal"va*ble, a. Etym: [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf. Savable.]

Defn: Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More. -- Sal"va*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"va*bly, adv.

SALVAGE Sal"vage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver, fr. L. salvare. See Save.]

1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the sea. Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of goods. Encyc. Brit.

2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.

SALVAGE Sal"vage, a. & n.

Defn: Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALVATION Sal*va"tion, n. Etym: [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr. L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.]

1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great calamity.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness. To earn salvation for the sons of men. Milton. Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2. Cor. vii. 10.

3. Saving power; that which saves. Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will show to you to-day. Ex. xiv. 13. Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of the chief being "General." They wear a uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.

SALVATIONIST Sal*va"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.

SALVATORY Sal"va*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.]

Defn: A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

SALVE Sal"ve, interj. Etym: [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.]

Defn: Hail!

SALVE Sal"ve ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.] By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved them. Spenser.

SALVE Salve, n. Etym: [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salva, Goth. salb to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) sapris clarified butter. sq. root155, 291.]

1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.

2. A soothing remedy or antidote. Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores. Milton. Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.

SALVE Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved; p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] Etym: [AS. sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.]

1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial traetment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak.

2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over. But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds. Spenser. What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence Milton.

SALVE Salve, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Salvage]

Defn: To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea. [Recent]

SALVER Salv"er, n.

Defn: One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]

SALVER Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Cf. Salvage.]

Defn: A salvor. Skeat.

SALVER Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See Save.]

Defn: A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.

SALVER-SHAPED Sal"ver-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Tubular, with a speading border. See Hypocraterimorphous.

SALVIA Sal"vi*a, n. Etym: [L., sage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the sage. See Sage.

SALVIFIC Sal*vif"ic, a. Etym: [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere to make.]

Defn: Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]

SALVO Sal"vo, n.; pl. Salvos. Etym: [L. salvo jure, literally, the right being reserved. See Safe.]

Defn: An exception; a reservation; an excuse. They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations. Eilon Basilike.

SALVO Sal"vo, n. Etym: [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See Safe.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.

SALVOR Sal"vor, n. Etym: [See Salvation, Save] (Law)

Defn: One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without being under special obligation to do so. Wheaton.

SAM Sam, adv. Etym: [AS. same. See Same, a.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "All in that city sam." Spenser.

SAMARA Sa*ma"ra ( or ), n. Etym: [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.

SAMARE Sam"are, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARITAN Sa*mar"i*tan, a. Etym: [L. Samaritanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.

SAMARIUM Sa*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.

Note: Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the donbtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.

SAMAROID Sam"a*roid, a. Etym: [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.

SAMARRA Sa*mar"ra, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARSKITE Sa*mar"skite, a. Etym: [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium metals.

SAMBO Sam"bo, n. Etym: [Sp. zambo, sambo.]

Defn: A colloquial or humorous appelation for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.

SAMBOO Sam"boo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sumbur.

SAMBUCUS Sam*bu"cus, n. Etym: [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees; the elder.

SAMBUKE Sam"buke, n. Etym: [L. sambuca, Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular construction of which is unknown.

SAMBUR Sam"bur, n. Etym: [Hind. sambar, sabar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian deer (Rusa Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur (R. equina).

SAME Same, a. Etym: [AS. same. adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG. sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme, Goth. sama, Russ. samui, Gr. sama, Gr. simul at the same time, similis like, and E. some, a., -some. sq. root191. Cf. Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar, Some.]

1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical; unchanged. Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Ps. cii. 27.

2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like. The ethereal vigor is in all the same. Dryden.

3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned. What ye know, the same do I know. Job. xiii. 2. Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his country to relieve. Daniel.

Note: Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it is followed by as or with. Bees like the same odors as we do. Lubbock. [He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend. Macaulay.

SAMELINESS Same"li*ness, n.

Defn: Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.

SAMENESS Same"ness, n.

1. The state of being the same, identity; abscence of difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like. "A sameness of the terms." Bp. Horsley.

2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.

Syn. -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.

SAMETTE Sa*mette", n.

Defn: See Samite. [Obs.]

SAMIAN Sa"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Samius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island of Samos. Fill high the cup with Samian wine. Byreon. Samian earth, a species of clay from Samoa, formerly used in medicine as an astringent.

SAMIAN Sa"mi*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samos.

SAMIEL Sa"mi*el, n. Etym: [Turk. sam-yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel wind. Cf. Simoom.]

Defn: A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and the kamsin of Syria.

SAMIOT Sa"mi*ot, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. samiote.]

Defn: Samian.

SAMISEN Sam"i*sen, n. [Jap.] (Mus.)

Defn: A Japanese musical instrument with three strings, resembling a guitar or banjo.

SAMITE Sa"mite, a. Etym: [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. Six, and cf. Dimity.]

Defn: A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with gold. Tennyson. In silken samite she was light arrayed. Spenser.

SAMLET Sam"let, n. Etym: [Cf. Salmonet.]

Defn: The parr.

SAMMIER Sam"mi*er, n.

Defn: A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning. Knight.

SAMOAN Sa*mo"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants. -- n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.

SAMOVAR Sa"mo*var, n. Etym: [Russ. samovar'.]

Defn: A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the urn.

SAMOYEDES Sam`oy*edes", n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.Samoyeds.

SAMP Samp, n. Etym: [From American Indian sapac, saupac, made soft, or thinned.]

Defn: An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which is cooked by by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.

SAMPAN Sam"pan, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]

SAMPHIRE Sam"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint, and Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant (Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles. Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade! Scak.

(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); -- called in England marsh samphire. (c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies. Golden samphire. See under Golden.

SAMPLE Sam"ple, n. Etym: [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr. L. exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.]

1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest." Shak. Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed. Fairfax.

2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples. I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss. Woodward.

Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.

SAMPLE Sam"ple, v. t.

1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall.

2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloth.

SAMPLER Sam"pler, n. Etym: [See Exampler, Exemplar.]

1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or by samples; as, a wool sampler.

2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as samples, or to display the skill of the worker. Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann will show you how to make that W you bothered over. E. E. Hale.

SAMSHOO; SAMSHU Sam"shoo, Sam"shu (, n. Etym: [Chinese san-shao thrice fired.]

Defn: A spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in which boiled rice has fermented under pressure. S. W. Williams.

SAMSON Sam"son, n.

Defn: An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical strength. Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pilar carrying a leading block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deepwell boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the apparatus.

SAMURAI Sa"mu*rai`, n. pl. & sing. [Jap.]

Defn: In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871.

SANABILITY San`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanable; sanableness; curableness.

SANABLE San"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr. sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.

Syn. -- Remediable; curable; healable.

SANABLENESS San"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanable.

SANATION Sa*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanatio. See Sanable.]

Defn: The act of healing or curing. [Obs.] Wiseman.

SANATIVE San"a*tive, a. Etym: [LL. sanativus.]

Defn: Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal; sanatory. -- San"a*tive*ness, n.

SANATORIUM San`a*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanatory.]

Defn: An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.

SANATORY San"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sa to heal. See Sanable.]

Defn: Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative; sanative. Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public health, such as quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc. De Quincey.

Note: Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded. Sanatory signifies conducive to health, while sanitary has the more general meaning of pertaining to health.

SANBENITO San`be*ni"to, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus sack + benedictus blessed.]

1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by penitens on being reconciled to the church.

2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fé.

SANCE-BELL; SANCTE BELL Sance"-bell", Sanc"te bell", n.

Defn: See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.

SANCHO San"cho, n. [Sp., a proper name.] (Card Playing)

Defn: The nine of trumps in sancho pedro.

SANCHO PEDRO Sancho pedro. [Sp. Pedro Peter.] (Card Playing)

Defn: A variety of auction pitch in which the nine (sancho) and five (pedro) of trumps are added as counting cards at their pip value, and the ten of trumps counts game.

SANCTIFICATE Sanc"ti*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. sanctificatus, p.p. of sanctificare.]

Defn: To sanctify. [Obs.] Barrow.

SANCTIFICATION Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctificatio: cf. F. sanctification.]

1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus purified or sanctified. God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2 Thess. ii. 13.

2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart, for a sacred purpose; consecration. Bp. Burnet.

SANCTIFIED Sanc"ti*fied, a.

Defn: Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.

SANCTIFIER Sanc"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy Spirit.

SANCTIFY Sanc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctified; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctifying.] Etym: [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + - ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.]

1. To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow. God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3. Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garnment. Lev. viii. 30.

2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption and pollution; to purify. Sanctify them through thy truth. John xvii. 17.

3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety. A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as to make me repent of that unjust act. Eikon Basilike.

4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness, inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the like, to; to secure from violation; to give sanction to. The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to sanctify the bliss by law. Dryden. Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line. Pope.

SANCTIFYINGLY Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.

SANCTILOQUENT Sanc*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.

SANCTIMONIAL Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ]

Defn: Sanctimonius. [Obs.]

SANCTIMONIOUS Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [See Sanctimony.]

1. Possessing sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly. Shak.

2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness; hypocritically devout or pious. "Like the sanctimonious pirate." Shak. -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

SANCTIMONY Sanc"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF. sanctimonie. See Saint.]

Defn: Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity; especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended holiness; hypocritical devoutness. Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking with most austere sanctimony she accomplished. Shak.

SANCTION Sanc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctio, from sancire, samctum to render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F. sanction. See Saint.]

1. Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of anything by authority to it; confirmation; approbation. The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their testimony. I. Watts.

2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of another; as, legal sanctions.

Syn. -- Ratification; authorization; authoruty; countenance; support.

SANCTION Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctioning.]

Defn: To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve. Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous experiments. De Quincey.

Syn. -- To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.

SANCTIONARY Sanc"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.

SANCTITUDE Sanc"ti*tude, a. Etym: [L. sanctitudo.]

Defn: Holiness; sacredness; sanctity. [R.] milton.

SANCTITY Sanc"ti*ty, n.; pl. Sanctities. Etym: [L. sanctitas, from sanctus holy. See Saint.]

1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy; holiness; saintliness; moral purity; godliness. To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed, narrowly escaped the imputation of irreligion. Macaulay.

2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding force; as, the sanctity of an oath.

3. A saint or holy being. [R.] About him all the sanctities of heaven. Milton.

Syn. -- Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity; religiousness;sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under Religion.

SANCTUARIZE Sanc"tu*a*rize, v. t.

Defn: To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [Obs.] Shak.

SANCTUARY Sanc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Sanctuaries. Etym: [OE. seintuare, OF. saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred, holy. See Saint.]

Defn: A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable site. Hence, specifically: (a) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem. (b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed. (c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of worship. (d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge; protection. These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privelege of sanctuary. Milton . These admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire; but some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and escaped the common destiny. Dryden. Wildlife sanctuary, a tract of land set aside by law for the preservation of wildlife, in which no hunting is permitted.

SANCTUM Sanc"tum, n. Etym: [L., p.p. of sanctire to consecrate.]

Defn: A sacred place; hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use; as, an editor's sanctum. Sanctum sanctorum Etym: [L.] , the Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as in the Jewish temple.

SANCTUS Sanc"tus, n. Etym: [L. sanctus, p.p. of sancire.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A part of the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a part of the communion service, of which the first words in Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus [Holy, holy, holy]; -- called also Tersanctus.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An anthem composed for these words. Sanctus bell, a small bell usually suspended in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel arch, in mediæval churches, but a hand bell is now often used; -- so called because rung at the singing of the sanctus, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and again at the elevation of the host. Called also Mass bell, sacring bell, saints' bell, sance- bell, sancte bell.

SAND Sand, n. Etym: [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant, Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr.

1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not coherent when wet. That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small pebbles. Woodsward.

2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak.

3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life. The sands are numbered that make up my life. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide. "The Libyan sands." Milton. "The sands o'Dee." C. Kingsley.