Chapter I: W. W (5)

Defn: The legal power, right, or authority of a particular court to hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or to execute justice; judicial authority over a cause or class of causes; as, certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes, are within the jurisdiction of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its authority or commission.

2. The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate; the right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right of exercising authority. To live exempt From Heaven's high jurisdiction. Milton. You wrought to be a legate; by which power You maim'd the jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak.

3. Sphere of authority; the limits within which any particular power may be exercised, or within which a government or a court has authority.

Note: Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare, or apply the law. When confined to the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects. Duponceau.

JURISDICTIONAL Ju`ris*dic"tion*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. jurisdictionalis, F. juridictionnel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as jurisdictional rights. Barrow.

JURISDICTIVE Ju`ris*dic"tive, a.

Defn: Having jurisdiction. Milton.

JURISPRUDENCE Ju`ris*pru"dence, n. Etym: [L. jurisprudentia; jus, juris, right, law + prudentia a foreseeing, knowledge of a matter, prudence: cf. F. jurisprudence. See Just, a., and Prudence.]

Defn: The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice. The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology, jurisprudence, philosophy. J. Warton. Medical jurisprudence, that branch of juridical law which concerns questions of medicine.

JURISPRUDENT Ju`ris*pru"dent, a.Etym: [See Jurisprudence.]

Defn: Understanding law; skilled in jurisprudence. G. West.

JURISPRUDENT Ju`ris*pru"dent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jurisprudent.]

Defn: One skilled in law or jurisprudence. [R.] De Quincey.

JURISPRUDENTIAL Ju`ris*pru*den"tial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to jurisprudence. Stewart.

JURIST Ju`rist, n. Etym: [F. juriste, LL. jurista, fr. L. jus, juris, right, law. See Just, a.]

Defn: One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, especially in the civil law; a writer on civil and international law. It has ever been the method of public jurists to Burke.

JURISTIC; JURISTICAL Ju*ris"tic, Ju*ris"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a jurist, to the legal profession, or to jurisprudence. [R.] "Juristic ancestry." Lowell.

JUROR Ju"ror, n. Etym: [F. jureur one who takes oath, L. jurator a swearer, fr. jurare, jurari, to swear. See Jury, n.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A member of a jury; a juryman. I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak.

2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.

JURY Ju"ry, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.)

Defn: For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance. Jury mast, a temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken. -- Jury rudder, a rudder constructed for temporary use.

JURY Ju"ry, n.; pl. Juries. Etym: [OF. jurée an assize, fr. jurer to swear, L. jurare, jurari; akin to jus, juris, right, law. See Just,a., and cf. Jurat, Abjure.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A body of men, usually twelve, selected according to law, impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to render their true verdict according to the evidence legally adduced. See Grand jury under Grand, and Inquest. The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. Shak.

2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at an exhibition or competition; as, the art jury gave him the first prize. Jury of inquest, a coroner's jury. See Inquest.

JURYMAN Ju"ry*man, n.; pl. Jurymen (.

Defn: One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.

JURY MAST Ju"ry mast. (a) A temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken. (b) (Med.) An apparatus to support the trunk and head in spinal disease.

JURY-RIGGED Ju"ry-rigged`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Rigged for temporary service. See Jury, a.

JUSSI Jus"si, n.

Defn: A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands from an unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.

JUST Just, a. Etym: [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law, justice; orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to join. Cf. Injury, Judge, Jury, Giusto.]

1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest; true; -- said both of persons and things. "O just but severe law!" Shak. There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Eccl. vii. 20. Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. Lev. xix. 36. How should man be just with God Job ix. 2. We know your grace to be a man. Just and upright. Shak.

2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety; conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard; exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due; as, a just statement; a just inference. Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. Pope. The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship To meet his grace just distance 'tween our armies. Shak. He was a comely personage, a little above just stature. Bacon. Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant heat. Jer. Taylor. When all The war shall stand ranged in its just array. Addison. Their named alone would make a just volume. Burton.

3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable; fair; impartial; as, just judge. Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as to praise it in others, even when they do not practice it themselves. Tillotson. Just intonation. (Mus.) (a) The correct sounding of notes or intervals; true pitch. (b) The giving all chords and intervals in their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without temperament; a process in which the number of notes and intervals required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the octave used in systems of temperament. H. W. Poole.

Syn. -- Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact; normal; orderly; regular.

JUST Just, adv.

1. Precisely; exactly; -- in place, time, or degree; neither more nor less than is stated. And having just enough, not covet more. Dryden. The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the beast. Sir P. Sidney. To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one. Shak.

2. Closely; nearly; almost. Just at the point of death. Sir W. Temple.

3. Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or time; as, he just missed the train; just too late. A soft Etesian gale But just inspired and gently swelled the sail. Dryden. Just now, the least possible time since; a moment ago.

JUST Just, v. i. Etym: [See Joust.]

Defn: To joust. Fairfax.

JUST Just, n.

Defn: A joust. Dryden.

JUSTICE Jus"tice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See Just, a.]

1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness. Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne. Ps. ixxxix. 11. The king-becoming graces, As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, . . . I have no relish of them. Shak.

2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or of a judgment; historical justice.

3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives. This even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice To our own lips. Shak.

4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a claim.

5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice.

Note: This title is given to the judges of the common law courts in England and in the United States, and extends to judicial officers and magistrates of every grade. Bed of justice. See under Bed. -- Chief justice. See in the Vocabulary. -- Justice of the peace (Law), a judicial officer or subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in a specified district, with other incidental powers specified in his commission. In the United States a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, etc.

Syn. -- Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity; uprightness; fairness; impartiality. -- Justice, Equity, Law. Justice and equity are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of justice, some have fancied that there is in this case a conflict between justice and equity. The real conflict is against the working of the law; this a court of equity brings into accordance with the claims of justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language which should lead any one to imagine he might have justice on his side while practicing iniquity (inequity). Justice, Rectitude. Rectitude, in its widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right in principle and practice. Justice refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and has been considered by moralists as of three kinds: (1) Commutative justice, which gives every man his own property, including things pledged by promise. (2) Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact deserts. (3) General justice, which carries out all the ends of law, though not in every case through the precise channels of commutative or distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler in his dealings with those who are subject to his control.

JUSTICE Jus"tice, v. t.

Defn: To administer justice to. [Obs.] Bacon.

JUSTICEABLE Jus"tice*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to trial in a court of justice. [Obs.] Hayward.

JUSTICEHOOD Jus"tice*hood, n.

Defn: Justiceship. B. Jonson.

JUSTICEMENT Jus"tice*ment, n.

Defn: Administration of justice; procedure in courts of justice. [Obs.] Johnson.

JUSTICER Jus"ti*cer, n.

Defn: One who administers justice; a judge. [Obs.] "Some upright justicer." Shak.

JUSTICESHIP Jus"tice*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a justice. Holland.

JUSTICIABLE Jus*ti"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. justitiabilis, F. justiciable.]

Defn: Proper to be examined in a court of justice. Bailey.

JUSTICIAR Jus*ti"ci*ar, n.

Defn: Same as Justiciary.

JUSTICIARY Jus*ti"ci*a*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. justitiarius, F. justicier. See Justice.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: An old name for the judges of the higher English courts.

Note: The chief justiciary, or justiciar, in early English history, was not only the chief justice of the kingdom, but also ex officio regent in the king's absence. Court of justiciary (Scots Law), the supreme criminal court, having jurisdiction over the whole of Scotland.

JUSTICO; JUSTICOAT Jus"ti*co, Jus"ti*coat`, n. Etym: [F. justaucorps, lit., close to the body.]

Defn: Formerly, a close coat or waistcoat with sleeves.

JUSTIFIABLE Jus"ti*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. justifiable. See Justify.]

Defn: Capable of being justified, or shown to be just. Just are the ways of God, An justifiable to men. Milton.

Syn. -- Defensible; vindicable; warrantable; excusable; exculpable; authorizable. -- Jus"ti*fi`a*ble*ness, n. -- Jus"ti*fi`a*bly, adv.

JUSTIFICATION Jus`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. justificatio: cf. F. justification. See Justify.]

1. The act of justifying or the state of being justified; a showing or proving to be just or conformable to law, justice, right, or duty; defense; vindication; support; as, arguments in justification of the prisoner's conduct; his disobedience admits justification. I hope, for my brother's justification, he wrote this but as an essay or taste of my virtue. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The showing in court of a sufficient lawful reason why a party charged or accused did that for which he is called to answer.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: The act of justifying, or the state of being justified, in respect to God's requirements. Who was delivered for our offenses, and was raised again for our justification. Rom. iv. 25. In such righteousness To them by faith imputed, they may find Justification toward God, and peace Of conscience. Milton.

4. (Print.)

Defn: Adjustment of type by spacing it so as to make it exactly fill a line, or of a cut so as to hold it in the right place; also, the leads, quads, etc., used for making such adjustment.

JUSTIFICATIVE Jus*tif"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. justificatif.]

Defn: Having power to justify; justificatory.

JUSTIFICATOR Jus"ti*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [LL. justificator: cf. F. justificateur.]

Defn: One who justifies or vindicates; a justifier. Johnson.

JUSTIFICATORY Jus*tif"i*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Vindicatory; defensory; justificative.

JUSTIFIER Jus"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who justifies; one who vindicates, supports, defends, or absolves. Justifiers of themselves and hypocrites. Strype. That he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus. Rom. iii. 26.

JUSTIFY Jus"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justified; p. pr. & vb. n. Justifying.] Etym: [F. justifier, L. justificare; justus just + - ficare (in comp.) to make. See Just, a., and -fy.]

1. To prove or show to be just; to vindicate; to maintain or defend as conformable to law, right, justice, propriety, or duty. That to the height of this great argument I may assert eternal providence, And justify the ways of God to men. Milton. Unless the oppression is so extreme as to justify revolution, it would not justify the evil of breaking up a government. E. Everett.

2. To pronounce free from guilt or blame; to declare or prove to have done that which is just, right, proper, etc.; to absolve; to exonerate; to clear. I can not justify whom the law condemns. Shak.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: To treat as if righteous and just; to pardon; to exculpate; to absolve. By him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses. Acts xiii. 39.

4. To prove; to ratify; to confirm. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Print.)

Defn: To make even or true, as lines of type, by proper spacing; to adjust, as type. See Justification, 4.

Syn. -- To defend; maintain; vindicate; excuse; exculpate; absolve; exonerate.

JUSTIFY Jus"ti*fy, v. i.

1. (Print.)

Defn: To form an even surface or true line with something else; to fit exactly.

2. (Law)

Defn: To take oath to the ownership of property sufficient to qualify one's self as bail or surety.

JUSTINIAN Jus*tin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Institutes or laws of the Roman Justinian.

JUSTLE Jus"tle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of joust, just, v. i. See Joust, v. i., and cf. Jostle.]

Defn: To run or strike against each other; to encounter; to clash; to jostle. Shak. The chariots shall rage in the streets; they shall justle one against another in the broad ways. Nahum ii. 4.

JUSTLE Jus"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Justled; p. pr. & vb. n. Justling.]

Defn: To push; to drive; to force by running against; to jostle. We justled one another out, and disputed the post for a great while. Addison.

JUSTLE Jus"tle, n.

Defn: An encounter or shock; a jostle.

JUSTLY Just"ly, adv. Etym: [From Just, a.]

Defn: In a just manner; in conformity to law, justice, or propriety; by right; honestly; fairly; accurately. "In equal balance justly weighed." Shak. Nothing can justly be despised that can not justly be blamed: where there is no choice there can be no blame. South.

JUSTNESS Just"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being just; conformity to truth, propriety, accuracy, exactness, and the like; justice; reasonableness; fairness; equity; as, justness of proportions; the justness of a description or representation; the justness of a cause. In value the satisfaction I had in seeing it represented with all the justness and gracefulness of action. Dryden.

Note: Justness is properly applied to things, and justice to persons; but the distinction is not always observed.

Syn. -- Accuracy; exactness; correctness; propriety; fitness; reasonableness; equity; uprightness; justice.

JUT Jut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jutting.] Etym: [A corruption of jet.]

1. To shoot out or forward; to project beyond the main body; as, the jutting part of a building. "In jutting rock and curved shore." Wordsworth. It seems to jut out of the structure of the poem. Sir T. Browne.

2. To butt. [Obs.] "The jutting steer." Mason.

JUT Jut, n.

1. That which projects or juts; a projection.

2. A shove; a push. [Obs.] Udall.

JUTE Jute, n. Etym: [Hind. j, Skr. j matted hair; cf. ja matted hair, fibrous roots.]

Defn: The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian Corchorus olitorius, and C. capsularis; also, the plant itself. The fiber is much used for making mats, gunny cloth, cordage, hangings, paper, etc.

JUTES Jutes, n. pl. sing. Jute. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Jutlanders; one of the Low German tribes, a portion of which settled in Kent, England, in the 5th century.

JUTLANDER Jut"land*er, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Jutland in Denmark.

JUTLANDISH Jut"land*ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Jutland, or to the people of Jutland.

JUTTING Jut"ting, a.

Defn: Projecting, as corbels, cornices, etc. -- Jut"ting*ly, adv.

JUTTY Jut"ty, n. Etym: [See Jetty, Jut, Jet.]

Defn: A projection in a building; also, a pier or mole; a jetty. Shak.

JUTTY Jut"ty, v. t. & i.

Defn: To project beyond. [Obs.] Shak.

JUVENAL Ju"ve*nal, n. Etym: [L. juvenalis youthful, juvenile, fr. juvenis young.]

Defn: A youth. [Obs.] Shak.

JUVENESCENCE Ju`ve*nes"cence, n.

Defn: A growing young.

JUVENESCENT Ju`ve*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. juvenescens, p. pr. of juvenescere to grow young again, from juvenis young.]

Defn: Growing or becoming young.

JUVENILE Ju"ve*nile, a. Etym: [L. juvenilis, from juvenis young; akin to E. young: cf. F. juvénile, juvénil. See Young.]

1. Young; youthful; as, a juvenile appearance. "A juvenile exercitation." Glanvill.

2. Of or pertaining to youth; as, juvenile sports.

Syn. -- Puerile; boyish; childish. See Youthful.

JUVENILE Ju"ve*nile, n.

Defn: A young person or youth; -- used sportively or familiarly. C. Bronté.

JUVENILENESS Ju"ve*nile*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being juvenile; juvenility.

JUVENILITY Ju`ve*nil"i*ty, n.; pl. Juvenilities. Etym: [L. juvenilitas: cf. F. juvénilité.]

1. Youthfulness; adolescence. Glanvill.

2. The manners or character of youth; immaturity. Glanvill.

JUVIA Ju"vi*a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian name for the lofty myrtaceous tree (Bertholetia excelsa) which produces the large seeds known as Brazil nuts.

JUWANSA Ju*wan"sa, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The camel's thorn. See under Camel.

JUWISE Ju*wise", n. [Obs.]

Defn: Same as Juise. Chaucer.

JUXTAPOSE Jux`ta*pose", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Juxtaposit, Pose.]

Defn: To place in juxtaposition. Huxley.

JUXTAPOSIT Jux`ta*pos"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Juxtaposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Juxtapositing.] Etym: [L. juxta near + positus, p. p. of ponere to put.]

Defn: To place in close connection or contiguity; to juxtapose. Derham.

JUXTAPOSITION Jux`ta*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. juxta near + positio position: cf. F. juxtaposition. See Just, v. i., and Position.]

Defn: A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side by side; as, a juxtaposition of words. Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition. Glanvill. Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity. Hare.

JYMOLD Jym"old (jim"old), a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gimmal.

K

Defn: (K is from the Latin, which used the letter but little except in the early period of the language. It came into the Latin from the Greek, which received it from a Phoenician source, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian,. Etymologically K is most nearly related to c, g, h (which see).

Note: In many words of one syllable k is used after c, as in crack, check, deck, being necessary to exhibit a correct pronunciation in the derivatives, cracked, checked, decked, cracking; since without it, c, before the vowels e and i, would be sounded like s. Formerly, k was added to c in certain words of Latin origin, as in musick, publick, republick; but now it is omitted.

Note: See Guide to Pronunciation , §§ 240, 178, 179, 185.

KAAMA Kaa"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hartbeest.

KABALA Kab"a*la, n.

Defn: See Cabala.

KABASSOU Ka*bas"sou, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cabassou.

KABOB Ka*bob", n. & v. t.

Defn: See Cabob, n. & v. t.

KABOOK Ka*book", n. (min.)

Defn: A clay ironstone found in Ceylon.

KABYLE Ka*byle", n. Etym: [Ar. qabila.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Berber, as in Algiers or Tunis. See Berber.

KADDER Kad"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Caddow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jackdaw.

KADI; KADIASTER Ka"di, Ka`di*as"ter, n.

Defn: A Turkish judge. See Cadi.

KAFAL Ka*fal", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Arabian name of two trees of the genus Balsamodendron, which yield a gum resin and a red aromatic wood.

KAFFIR; KAFIR Kaf"fir, Ka"fir, n. Etym: [Ar. k infidel, pagan, fr. kafara to be skeptical in religious matters; -- a name given to certain infidel races by the Mohammedans. Cf. Giaour.] (Ethnol.) (a) One of a race which, with the Hottentots and Bushmen, inhabit South Africa. They inhabit the country north of Cape Colony, the name being now specifically applied to the tribes living between Cape Colony and Natal; but the Zulus of Natal are true Kaffirs. (b) One of a race inhabiting Kafiristan in Central Asia. [Spelt also Caffre.] Kaffir corn (Bot.), a Cape Colony name for Indian millet.

KAFFLE Kaf"fle, n.

Defn: See Coffle.

KAFILAH Ka"fi*lah, n.

Defn: See Cafila.

KAFTAN Kaf"tan, n & v.

Defn: See Caftan.

KAGE Kage, n.

Defn: A chantry chapel inclosed with lattice or screen work.

KAGU Ka"gu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singular, crested, grallatorial bird (Rhinochetos jubatus), native of New Caledonia. It is gray above, paler beneath, and the feathers of the wings and tail are handsomely barred with brown, black, and gray. It is allied to the sun bittern.

KAGUAN Ka`gu*an", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The colugo.

KAHANI Ka"ha"ni, n.

Defn: A kind of notary public, or attorney, in the Levant.

KAHAU Ka*hau", n. Etym: [Native name, from its cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-nosed monkey (Semnopithecus nasalis), native of Borneo. The general color of the body is bright chestnut, with the under parts, shoulders, and sides of the head, golden yellow, and the top of the head and upper part of the back brown. Called also proboscis monkey. [Written also kaha.]

KAIL Kail, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of headless cabbage. Same as Kale, 1.

2. Any cabbage, greens, or vegetables. [OE. or Scot.]

3. A broth made with kail or other vegetables; hence, any broth; also, a dinner. [Scot.] Kail yard, a kitchen garden. [Scot.]

KAIMACAM Kai`ma*cam", n.

Defn: Same as Caimacam.

KAIN Kain, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: Poultry, etc., required by the lease to be paid in kind by a tenant to his landlord. Wharton (Law Dict.).

KAINIT Kai"nit, n. Etym: [Trade name, fr. kainite.]

Defn: Salts of potassium used in the manufacture of fertilizers.

KAINITE Kai"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A compound salt consisting chiefly of potassium chloride and magnesium sulphate, occurring at the Stassfurt salt mines in Prussian Saxony.

KAINOZOIC Kai`no*zo"ic, a.

Defn: See Cenozoic.

KAIQUE Ka*ique", n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Caique.

KAIRINE Kai"rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A pale buff or white crystalline alkaloid derived from quinoline, and used as an antipyretic in medicine.

KAIROLINE Kai`ro*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base obtained from quinoline. It is used as a febrifuge, and resembles kairine.

KAISER Kai"ser, n. Etym: [Gr., fr. L. Caesar. Cf. Kesar, and Czar.]

Defn: The ancient title of emperors of Germany assumed by King William of Prussia when crowned sovereign of the new German empire in 1871.

KAKA Ka"ka, n. Etym: [Maori kaka a parrot; -- so named from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A New Zealand parrot of the genus Nestor, especially the brown parrot (Nestor meridionalis).

Note: The mountain kaka, or kea (N. notabilis), is remarkable for having recently acquired carnivorous habits. It attacks and kills lambs and pigs, sometimes doing great damage. Night kaka. (Zoöl.) The kakapo.

KAKAPO Ka`ka*po", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singular nocturnal parrot (Strigops habroptilus), native of New Zealand. It lives in holes during the day, but is active at night. It resembles an owl in its colors and general appearance. It has large wings, but can fly only a short distance. Called also owl parrot, night parrot, and night kaka.

KAKARALLI Kak`a*ral"li, n.

Defn: A kind of wood common in Demerara, durable in salt water, because not subject to the depredations of the sea worm and barnacle.

KAKISTOCRACY Kak`is*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by the worst men.

KAKOXENE Ka*kox"ene, n.

Defn: See Cacoxene.

KALAN Ka*lan", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea otter.

KALASIE Ka`la*sie", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A long-tailed monkey of Borneo (Semnopithecus rubicundus). It has a tuft of long hair on the head.

KALE Kale, n. Etym: [Scot. kale, kail, cale, colewort, Gael. cael; akin to Ir. cal, W. cawl, Armor. kaol. See Cole.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of cabbage in which the leaves do not form a head, being nearly the original or wild form of the species. [Written also kail, and cale.]

2. See Kail, 2. Sea kale (Bot.), a European cruciferous herb (Crambe maritima), often used as a pot herb; sea cabbage.

KALEEGE Ka*leege", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of large, crested, Asiatic pheasants, belonging to the genus Euplocamus, and allied to the firebacks.

KALEIDOPHON; KALEIDOPHONE Ka*lei"do*phon, Ka*lei"do*phone, Etym: [Gr. (Physics.)

Defn: An instrument invented by Professor Wheatstone, consisting of a reflecting knob at the end of a vibrating rod or thin plate, for making visible, in the motion of a point of light reflected from the knob, the paths or curves corresponding with the musical notes produced by the vibrations.

KALEIDOSCOPE Ka*lei"do*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument invented by Sir David Brewster, which contains loose fragments of colored glass, etc., and reflecting surfaces so arranged that changes of position exhibit its contents in an endless variety of beautiful colors and symmetrical forms. It has been much employed in arts of design. Shifting like the fragments of colored glass in the kaleidoscope. G. W. Cable.

KALEIDOSCOPIC; KALEIDOSCOPICAL Ka*lei`do*scop"ic, Ka*lei`do*scop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a kaleidoscope; variegated.

KALENDAR Kal"en*dar, n.

Defn: See Calendar.

KALENDARIAL Kal`en*da"ri*al, a.

Defn: See Calendarial.

KALENDER Kal"en*der, n.

Defn: See 3d Calender.

KALENDS Kal"ends, n.

Defn: Same as Calends.

KALI Ka"li, n. Etym: [Skr. kali.] (Hind. Cosmog.)

Defn: The last and worst of the four ages of the world; -- considered to have begun B. C. 3102, and to last 432,000 years.

KALI Ka"li, n. Etym: [Skr. kali.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The black, destroying goddess; -- called also Doorga, Anna Purna.

KALI Ka"li, n. Etym: [Ar. qali. See Alkali.] (Bot.)

Defn: The glasswort (Salsola Kali).

KALIF Ka"lif, n.

Defn: See Caliph.

KALIFORM Ka"li*form, a. Etym: [Kali + -form.]

Defn: Formed like kali, or glasswort.

KALIGENOUS Ka*lig"e*nous, a. Etym: [Kali + -genous. See Alkali.]

Defn: Forming alkalies with oxygen, as some metals.

KALIUM Ka"li*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Kali.] (Chem.)

Defn: Potassium; -- so called by the German chemists.

KALKI Kal"ki, n. Etym: [Skr.]

Defn: The name of Vishnu in his tenth and last avatar. Whitworth.

KALMIA Kal"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named in honor of Peter Kalm, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of North American shrubs with poisonous evergreen foliage and corymbs of showy flowers. Called also mountain laurel, ivy bush, lamb kill, calico bush, etc.

KALMUCK Kal"muck, n.

1. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Calmucks.

2. A kind of shaggy cloth, resembling bearskin.

3. A coarse, dyed, cotton cloth, made in Prussia.

KALONG Ka*long", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fruit bat, esp. the Indian edible fruit bat (Pteropus edulis).

KALOYER Ka*loy"er, n.

Defn: See Caloyer.

KALPA Kal"pa, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: One of the Brahmanic eons, a period of 4,320,000,000 years. At the end of each Kalpa the world is annihilated.

KALSOMINE Kal"so*mine, n. & v. t.

Defn: Same as Calcimine.

KAM Kam, a. Etym: [From Celtic; cf. Gael., Ir., & W. cam. Cf. Jamb, n.]

Defn: Crooked; awry. [Obs.] "This is clean kam." Shak.

KAMA Ka"ma, n. Etym: [Skr. kama love, the god of love.]

Defn: The Hindoo Cupid. He is represented as a beautiful youth, with a bow of sugar cane or flowers.

KAMALA Ka*ma"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The red dusty hairs of the capsules of an East Indian tree (Mallotus Philippinensis) used for dyeing silk. It is violently emetic, and is used in the treatment of tapeworm. [Written also kameela.]

KAME Kame, n.

Defn: A low ridge. [Scot.] See Eschar.

KAMI Ka"mi, n. pl. Etym: [Japanese.]

Defn: A title given to the celestial gods of the first mythical dynasty of Japan and extended to the demigods of the second dynasty, and then to the long line of spiritual princes still represented by the mikado.

KAMICHI Ka"mi*chi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A curious South American bird (Anhima, or Palamedea, cornuta), often domesticated by the natives and kept with poultry, which it defends against birds of prey. It has a long, slender, hornlike ornament on its head, and two sharp spurs on each wing. Although its beak, feet, and legs resemble those of gallinaceous birds, it is related in anatomical characters to the ducks and geese (Anseres). Called also horned screamer. The name is sometimes applied also to the chaja. See Chaja, and Screamer.

KAMPTULICON Kamp*tu"li*con, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A kind of elastic floor cloth, made of India rubber, gutta- percha, linseed oil, and powdered cork.

KAMPYLITE Kam"py*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of mimetite or arseniate of lead in hexagonal prisms of a fine orange yellow. [Written also campylite.]

KAMSIN; KHAMSIN Kam*sin", Kham*sin", n. Etym: [Ar. khamsin, fr. khamsun, oblique case khamsin, fifty; -- so called because it blows for about fifty days, from April till June.]

Defn: A hot southwesterly wind in Egypt, coming from the Sahara. [Written also Khamseen.]

KAMTSCHADALES Kam"tscha*dales, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An aboriginal tribe inhabiting the southern part of Kamtschatka.

KAN Kan, v. t.

Defn: To know; to ken. [Obs.] See Ken.

KAN Kan, n.

Defn: See Khan.

KANACKA; KANAKA Ka*nack"a, Ka*na"ka, n. Etym: [Native name, prop., a man.]

Defn: A native of the Sandwich Islands.

KANCHIL Kan"chil, n. Etym: [Malay canchil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small chevrotain of the genus Tragulus, esp. T. pygmæus, or T. kanchil, inhabiting Java, Sumatra, and adjacent islands; a deerlet. It is noted for its agility and cunning.

KAND Kand, n. (Mining)

Defn: Fluor spar; -- so called by Cornish miners.

KANGAROO Kan"ga*roo", n. Etym: [Said to be the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of jumping marsupials of the family Macropodidæ. They inhabit Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands, They have long and strong hind legs and a large tail, while the fore legs are comparatively short and feeble. The giant kangaroo (Macropus major) is the largest species, sometimes becoming twelve or fourteen feet in total length. The tree kangaroos, belonging to the genus Dendrolagus, live in trees; the rock kangaroos, of the genus Petrogale, inhabit rocky situations; and the brush kangaroos, of the genus Halmaturus, inhabit wooded districts. See Wallaby.

Kangaroo apple (Bot.), the edible fruit of the Tasmanian plant Solanum aviculare. -- Kangaroo grass (Bot.), a perennial Australian forage grass (Anthistiria australis). -- Kangaroo hare (Zoöl.), the jerboa kangaroo. See under Jerboa. -- Kangaroo mouse. (Zoöl.) See Jumping mouse, under Jumping. -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo.

KANSAS Kan"sas, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians allied to the Winnebagoes and Osages. They formerly inhabited the region which is now the State of Kansas, but were removed to the Indian Territory.

KANTIAN Kant"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher; conformed or relating to any or all of the philosophical doctrines of Immanuel Kant.

KANTIAN Kant"i*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Kant; a Kantist.

KANTIANISM; KANTISM Kant"i*an*ism, Kant"ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine or theory of Kant; the Kantian philosophy.

KANTIST Kant"ist n.

Defn: A disciple or follower of Kant.

KANTTRY Kant"try, n.

Defn: Same as Cantred.

KAOLIN; KAOLINE Ka"o*lin, Ka"o*line, n. Etym: [Chin. kao-ling.] (Min.)

Defn: A very pure white clay, ordinarily in the form of an impalpable powder, and used to form the paste of porcelain; China clay; porcelain clay. It is chiefly derived from the decomposition of common feldspar.

Note: The name is now applied to all porcelain clays which endure the fire without discoloration.

KAOLINIZATION Ka`o*lin`i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process by which feldspar is changed into kaolin.

KAOLINIZE Ka"o*lin*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into kaolin.

KAPELLE Ka*pel"le, n. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: A chapel; hence, the choir or orchestra of a prince's chapel; now, a musical establishment, usually orchestral. Grove.

KAPELLMEISTER Ka*pell"meis`ter, n. Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Capellmeister.

KAPIA Ka"pi*a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Min.)

Defn: The fossil resin of the kauri tree of New Zealand.

KAPNOMAR Kap"no*mar, n. Chem.

Defn: ) See Capnomor.

KAPOK Ka*pok", n. [Prob. fr. the native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A silky wool derived from the seeds of Ceiba pentandra (syn. Eriodendron anfractuosum), a bombaceous tree of the East and West Indies.

KARAGANE Kar"a*gane, n. Etym: [Russ. karagan'] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of gray fox found in Russia.

KARAISM Ka"ra*ism, n.

Defn: Doctrines of the Karaites.

KARAITE Ka"ra*ite, n. Etym: [Heb.qara to read.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A sect of Jews who adhere closely to the letter of the Scriptures, rejecting the oral law, and allowing the Talmud no binding authority; -- opposed to the Rabbinists.

KARAKUL Ka`ra*kul", n. [Russ. karakul' curly fleece of Bokhara and Khiva sheep.]

Defn: Astrakhan, esp. in fine grades. Cf. Caracul.

KARATAS Ka*ra"tas, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian plant of the Pineapple family (Nidularium Karatas).

KARMA Kar"ma, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Buddhism)

Defn: One's acts considered as fixing one's lot in the future existence. (Theos.) The doctrine of fate as the inflexible result of cause and effect; the theory of inevitable consequence.

KARMATHIAN Kar*ma"thi*an, n.

Defn: One of a Mohammedan sect founded in the ninth century by Karmat.

KARN Karn, n. Etym: [Cornish. Cf. Cairn.] (Mining)

Defn: A pile of rocks; sometimes, the solid rock. See Cairn.

KAROB Ka"rob, n. Etym: [Cf. Carat.]

Defn: The twenty-fourth part of a grain; -- a weight used by goldsmiths. Crabb.

KAROSS Ka*ross", n. [Native name.]

Defn: A native garment or rug of skin sewed together in the form of a square. [South Africa]

The wants of a native . . . are confined to a kaross (skin cloak) or some pieces of cotton cloth. James Bryce.

KARPHOLITE Kar"pho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. carpholithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A fibrous mineral occurring in tufts of a straw-yellow color. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and manganese.

KARROO Kar*roo", n.; pl. Karroos (.

Defn: One of the dry table-lands of South Africa, which often rise terracelike to considerable elevations. [Also karoo.] The Great Karroo, or The Karroo, a vast plateau, in Cape Colony, stretching through five degrees of longitude, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet.

KARSTENITE Kar"sten*ite, n.

Defn: Same as Anhydrite.

KARVEL Kar"vel, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Carvel, and Caravel.

KARYOKINESIS Kar"y*o*ki*ne`sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The indirect division of cells in which, prior to division of the cell protoplasm, complicated changes take place in the nucleus, attended with movement of the nuclear fibrils; -- opposed to karyostenosis. The nucleus becomes enlarged and convoluted, and finally the threads are separated into two groups which ultimately become disconnected and constitute the daughter nuclei. Called also mitosis. See Cell development, under Cell.

KARYOKINETIC Kar`y*o*ki*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to karyokinesis; as, karyokinetic changes of cell division.

KARYOMITON Kar`y*om"i*ton, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. ( (Biol.)

Defn: The reticular network of fine fibers, of which the nucleus of a cell is in part composed; -- in opposition to kytomiton, or the network in the body of the cell. W. Flemming.

KARYOPLASMA Kar`y*o*plas"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a num + (Biol.)

Defn: The protoplasmic substance of the nucleus of a cell: nucleoplasm; -- in opposition to kytoplasma, the protoplasm of the cell.

KARYOSTENOSIS Kar`y*o*ste*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Direct cell division (in which there is first a simple division of the nucleus, without any changes in its structure, followed by division of the protoplasm of the karyostenotic mode of nuclear division.

KARYOSTENOTIC Kar`y*o*ste*not"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, karyostenosis; as, the karyostenotic mode of nuclear division.

KASACK Ka*sack", n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Cossack.

KAT Kat, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Arabian shrub Catha edulis) the leaves of which are used as tea by the Arabs.

KATABOLIC Kat`a*bol"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to katabolism; as, katabolic processes, which give rise to substances (katastates) of decreasing complexity and increasing stability.

KATABOLISM Ka*tab"o*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Destructive or downward metabolism; regressive metamorphism; -- opposed to anabolism. See Disassimilation.

KATASTATE Kat"a*state, n. Etym: [Gr. (

Defn: (Physiol.) A substance formed by a katabolic process; -- opposed to anastate. See Katabolic.

KATE Kate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brambling finch.

KATHETAL Kath"e*tal, a. Etym: [Gr. Cathetus.] (Math.)

Defn: Making a right angle; perpendicular, as two lines or two sides of a triangle, which include a right angle.

KATHETOMETER Kath`e*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Cathetometer.

KATTIMUNDOO Kat`ti*mun"doo, n.

Defn: A caoutchouc like substance obtained from the milky juice of the East Indian Euphorbia Kattimundoo. It is used as a cement.

KATYDID Ka"ty*did`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, green, arboreal, orthopterous insect (Cyrtophyllus concavus) of the family Locustidæ, common in the United States. The males have stridulating organs at the bases of the front wings. During the summer and autumn, in the evening, the males make a peculiar, loud, shrill sound, resembling the combination Katy-did, whence the name.

KAURI Ka"u*ri, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A lofty coniferous tree of New Zealand Agathis, or Dammara, australis), furnishing valuable timber and yielding one kind of dammar resin. [Written also kaudi, cowdie, and cowrie.]

KAURI RESIN; KAURI GUM; KAURI COPAL Kauri resin, gum, or copal.

Defn: A resinous product of the kauri, found in the form of yellow or brown lumps in the ground where the trees have grown. It is used for making varnish, and as a substitute for amber.

KAVA Ka"va, n. Etym: [Polynesian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Macropiper (M. methysticum), the long pepper, from the root of which an intoxicating beverage is made by the Polynesians, by a process of mastication; also, the beverage itself. [Written also kawa, kava, and ava.]

KAVASS Ka*vass", n.; pl. Kavasses Etym: [Turk. kavvas]

Defn: An armed constable; also, a government servant or courier. [Turkey]

KAW Kaw, v. i. & n.

Defn: See Caw.

KAWAKA Ka*wa"ka, n. (Bot.)

Defn: a New Zealand tree, the Cypress cedar (Libocedrus Doniana), having a valuable, fine-grained, reddish wood.

KAWN Kawn, n.

Defn: A inn. [Turkey] See Khan.

KAYAK Kay"ak, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A light canoe, made of skins stretched over a frame, and usually capable of carrying but one person, who sits amidships and uses a double-bladed paddle. It is peculiar to the Eskimos and other Arctic tribes.

KAYAKER Kay"ak*er, n.

Defn: One who uses a kayak.

KAYKO Kay"ko, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dog salmon.

KAYLES Kayles, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to Dan. kegle, Sw. kegla, D. & G. kegel, OHG. kegil, whence F. quille.]

Defn: A game; ninepins. [Prov Eng.] Carew.

KAYNARD Kay"nard, n. Etym: [F. cagnard.]

Defn: A lazy or cowardly person; a rascal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

KAZOO Ka*zoo", n. [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of toy or rude musical instrument, as a tube inside of which is a stretched string made to vibrate by singing or humming into the tube.

KEA Ke"a (ka"a; colloq. ke"a), n. [Maori.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large New Zealand parrot (Nestor notabilis), notorious for having acquired the habit of killing sheep; -- called also mountain parrot.

KECK Keck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kecked; p. pr. & vb. n. Kecking.] Etym: [Cf. dial. G. köcken, köken.]

Defn: To heave or to retch, as in an effort to vomit. [R.] Swift.

KECK Keck, n.

Defn: An effort to vomit; queasiness. [R.]

KECKLE Kec"kle, v. i. & n.

Defn: See Keck, v. i. & n.

KECKLE Kec"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Keckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Keckling.] (Naut.)

Defn: To wind old rope around, as a cable, to preserve its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains around, to defend from the friction of a rocky bottom, or from the ice. Totten.

KECKLING Kec"kling, n.

Defn: Old rope or iron chains wound around a cable. See Keckle, v. t.

KECKLISH Kec"klish, a. Etym: [From keck, keckle.]

Defn: Inclined to vomit; squeamish. [R.] Holland.

KECKSY Keck"sy, n.; pl. Kecksies (-sîz). Etym: [Properly pl. of kex. See Kex.] (Bot.)

Defn: The hollow stalk of an umbelliferous plant, such as the cow parsnip or the hemlock. [Written also kex, and in pl., kecks, kaxes.] Nothing teems But hateful docks, rough thistles, kecksies, burs. Shak.

KECKY Keck"y, a.

Defn: Resembling a kecksy. Grew.

KEDDAH Ked"dah, n. [Malay kedah, fr. Ar. qadah hole.]

Defn: An inclosure constructed to entrap wild elephants; an elephant trap. [India]

KEDGE Kedge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Kedged; p. pr. & vb. n. Kedging.] Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. keka to tug, to drag one's self slowly forward; or perh. fr. ked, and kedge, n., for ked anchor, named from the ked or cask fastened to the anchor to show where it lies.] (Naut.)

Defn: To move (a vessel) by carrying out a kedge in a boat, dropping it overboard, and hauling the vessel up to it.

KEDGE Kedge, n. Etym: [See Kedge, v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small anchor used whenever a large one can be dispensed witch. See Kedge, v. t., and Anchor, n.

KEDGER Kedg"er n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small anchor; a kedge.

KEDLOCK Ked"lock, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. G.köddik, küdik, kettich, keek, Dan. kidike, E. charlock, and AS. cedelc the herb mercury.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Charlock.

KEE Kee, n. pl. of Cow. Etym: [AS. c, pl. of c cow. See Kine.]

Defn: See Kie, Ky, and Kine. [Prov. Eng.] Gay.

KEECH Keech, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. keech a cake.]

Defn: A mass or lump of fat rolled up by the butcher. [Obs.] Shak.

KEEL Keel, v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. c to cool, fr. c cool. See Cool.]

Defn: To cool; to akin or stir [Obs.] While greasy Joan doth keel the pot. Shak.

KEEL Keel, n.

Defn: A brewer's cooling vat; a keelfat.

KEEL Keel, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. ceól ship; akin to D. & G. kiel keel, OHG. chiol ship, Icel. kj, and perh. to Gr. gla ball, round water vessel. But the meaning of the English word seems to come from Icel. kjölr keel, akin to Sw. köl, Dan. kjöl.]

1. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A longitudinal timber, or series of timbers scarfed together, extending from stem to stern along the bottom of a vessel. It is the principal timber of the vessel, and, by means of the ribs attached on each side, supports the vessel's frame. In an iron vessel, a combination of plates supplies the place of the keel of a wooden ship. See Illust. of Keelson.

2. Fig.: The whole ship.

3. A barge or lighter, used on the Type for carrying coal from Newcastle; also, a barge load of coal, twentyone tons, four cwt. [Eng.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: The two lowest petals of the corolla of a papilionaceous flower, united and inclosing the stamens and pistil; a carina. See Carina.

5. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A projecting ridge along the middle of a flat or curved surface. Bilge keel (Naut.), a keel peculiar to ironclad vessels, extending only a portion of the length of the vessel under the bilges. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- False keel. See under False. -- Keel boat. (a) A covered freight boat, with a keel, but no sails, used on Western rivers. [U. S.] (b) A low, flat-bottomed freight boat. See Keel, n., 3. -- Keel piece, one of the timbers or sections of which a keel is composed. On even keel, in a level or horizontal position, so that the draught of water at the stern and the bow is the same. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

KEEL Keel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Keeling.]

1. To traverse with a keel; to navigate.

2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom. To keel over, to upset; to capsize. [Colloq.]

KEELAGE Keel"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. guillage, fr. guille keel; of German or Scand origin. See 3d Keel.]

Defn: The right of demanding a duty or toll for a ship entering a port; also, the duty or toll. Bouvier. Wharton.

KEELED Keeled, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Keel-shaped; having a longitudinal prominence on the back; as, a keeled leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a median ridge; carinate; as, a keeled scale.

KEELER Keel"er, n. Etym: [See 3d Keel.]

1. One employed in managing a Newcastle keel; -- called also keelman.

2. A small or shallow tub; esp., one used for holding materials for calking ships, or one used for washing dishes, etc.

KEELFAT Keel"fat`, n. Etym: [Keel to cool + fat a large tub, a vat.] (Brewing)

Defn: A cooler; a vat for cooling wort, etc. [Written also keelvat.] Johnson.

KEELHAUL Keel"haul`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Keelhauled; p. pr. & vb. n. Keelhauling.] Etym: [3d keel + haul: cf. LG. & D. kielhalen, G. kielholen. ] [Written also keelhale.] (Naut.)

Defn: To haul under the keel of a ship, by ropes attached to the yardarms on each side. It was formerly practiced as a punishment in the Dutch and English navies. Totten.

KEELING Kee"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. keila, Sw. kolja, Dan. kulle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cod.

KEELIVINE Kee"li*vine, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. cil ruddle.]

Defn: A pencil of black or red lead; -- called also keelyvine pen. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

KEELMAN Keel"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: See Keeler,

1.

KEELRAKE Keel"rake`, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Keelhaul.

KEELS Keels, n. pl.

Defn: Ninepins. See Kayles.

KEELSON Keel"son, n. Etym: [Akin to Sw. kölsvin, Dan. kjölsviin, G. kielschwein; apparently compounded of the words keel and swine; but cf. Norweg. kjölsvill, where svill is akin to E. sill, n. ] (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A piece of timber in a ship laid on the middle of the floor timbers over the keel, and binding the floor timbers to the keel; in iron vessels, a structure of plates, situated like the keelson of a timber ship. Cross keelson, a similar structure lying athwart the main keelson, to support the engines and boilers.

KEELVAT Keel"vat`, n.

Defn: See Keelfat.

KEEN Keen, a. [Compar. Keener; superl. Keenest.] Etym: [OE. kene sharp, bold, AS.c bold; akin to D. koen, OHG. kuoni, G. kühn, OSw. kyn, kön, Icel. kænn, for koenn wise; perh. akin to E. ken, can to be able.

1. Sharp; having a fine edge or point; as, a keen razor, or a razor with a keen edge. A bow he bare and arwes [arrows] bright and kene. Chaucer. That my keen knife see not the wound it makes. Shak.

2. Acute of mind; sharp; penetrating; having or expressing mental acuteness; as, a man of keen understanding; a keen look; keen features. To make our wits more keen. Shak. Before the keen inquiry of her thought. Cowper.

3. Bitter; piercing; acrimonious; cutting; stinging; severe; as, keen satire or sarcasm. Good father cardinal, cry thou amen To my keen curses. Shak.

4. Piercing; penetrating; cutting; sharp; -- applied to cold, wind, etc, ; as, a keen wind; the cold is very keen. Breasts the keen air, and carols as he goes. Goldsmith.

5. Eager; vehement; fierce; as, a keen appetite. "Of full kene will." Piers Plowman. So keen and greedy to confound a man. Shak.

Note: Keen is often used in the composition of words, most of which are of obvious signification; as, keen-edged, keen-eyed, keen- sighted, keen-witted, etc.

Syn. -- Prompt; eager; ardent; sharp; acute; cutting; penetrating; biting; severe; sarcastic; satirical; piercing; shrewd.

KEEN Keen, v. t.

Defn: To sharpen; to make cold. [R.] Cold winter keens the brightening flood. Thomson.

KEEN Keen, n. Etym: [Ir. caoine.]

Defn: A prolonged wail for a deceased person. Cf. Coranach. [Ireland] Froude.

KEEN Keen, v. i.

Defn: To wail as a keener does. [Ireland]

KEENER Keen"er, n.

Defn: A professional mourner who wails at a funeral. [Ireland]

KEENLY Keen"ly, adv.

Defn: In a keen manner.

KEENNESS Keen"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being keen.

KEEP Keep, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Kept; p. pr. & vb. n. Keeping.] Etym: [OE. k, AS.c to keep, regard, desire, await, take, betake; cf. AS. copenere lover, OE. copnien to desire.]

1. To care; to desire. [Obs.] I kepe not of armes for to yelp [boast]. Chaucer.

2. To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to lose; to retain; to detain. If we lose the field, We can not keep the town. Shak. That I may know what keeps me here with you. Dryden. If we would weigh and keep in our minds what we are considering, that would instruct us. Locke.

3. To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to maintain unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or tenor. His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton. Keep a stiff rein, and move but gently on. Addison.

Note: In this sense it is often used with prepositions and adverbs, as to keep away, to keep down, to keep from, to keep in, out, or off, etc. "To keep off impertinence and solicitation from his superior." Addison.

4. To have in custody; to have in some place for preservation; to take charge of. The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was always kept in the castle of Vicegrade. Knolles.

5. To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard. Behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. Gen. xxviii. 15.

6. To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to communicate, reveal, or betray, as a secret. Great are thy virtues . . . though kept from man. Milton.

7. To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend. And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. Gen. ii. 15. In her girlish age, she kept sheep on the moor. Carew.

8. To record transactions, accounts, or events in; as, to keep books, a journal, etc. ; also, to enter (as accounts, records, etc. ) in a book.

9. To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the like; to conduct; to manage; as, to keep store. Like a pedant that keeps a school. Shak. Every one of them kept house by himself. Hayward.

10. To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; as, to keep boarders.

11. To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an assistant, a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc. I keep but three men and a boy. Shak.

12. To have habitually in stock for sale.

13. To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to keep silence; to keep one's word; to keep possession. Both day and night did we keep company. Shak. Within this portal as I kept my watch. Smollett.

14. To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from or violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to neglect; to be faithful to. I have kept the faith. 2 Tim. iv. 7. Him whom to love is to obey, and keep His great command. Milton.

15. To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; as, to keep one's house, room, bed, etc. ; hence, to haunt; to frequent. Shak. 'Tis hallowed ground; Fairies, and fawns, and satyrs do it keep. J. Fletcher.