Chapter X: Rays; X-Rays (2)

Defn: The act or process of making yellow. Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has given. G. Eliot.

YELLOWISH Yel"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color. -- Yel"low*ish*ness, n.

YELLOWLEGS Yel"low*legs`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the genus Totanus, in which the legs are bright yellow; -- called also stone snipe, tattler, telltale, yellowshanks; and yellowshins. See Tattler, 2.

YELLOWNESS Yel"low*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an orange.

2. Jealousy. [Obs.] I will possess him with yellowness. Shak.

YELLOWROOT Yel"low*root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically: (a) See Xanthorhiza. (b) Same as Orangeroot.

YELLOWS Yel"lows, n.

1. (Far.)

Defn: A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice. His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called also redhorns, and sulphurs. See Sulphur.

YELLOWSEED Yel"low*seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of pepper grass (Lepidium campestre).

YELLOWSHANKS; YELLOWSHINS Yel"low*shanks`, Yel"low*shins`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellolegs.

YELLOWTAIL Yel"low*tail`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of the genus Seriola; especially, the large California species (S. dorsalis) which sometimes weighs thirty or forty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish; -- called also cavasina, and white salmon. (b) The mademoiselle, or silver perch. (c) The menhaden. (d) The runner, 12. (e) A California rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus). (f) The sailor's choice (Diplodus rhomboides).

Note: Several other fishes are also locally called yellowtail.

YELLOWTHROAT Yel"low*throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of American ground warblers of the genus Geothlypis, esp. the Maryland yellowthroat (G. trichas), which is a very common species.

YELLOWTOP Yel"low*top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass, perhaps a species of Agrostis.

YELLOWWOOD Yel"low*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees; also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so called are the Cladrastis tinctoria, an American leguminous tree; the several species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum); the Australian Flindersia Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South African species of Podocarpus, trees related to the yew; the East Indian Podocarpus latifolia; and the true satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia). All these Old World trees furnish valuable timber.

YELLOWWORT Yel"low*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous (Chlora perfoliata). The whole plant is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic, and also in dyeing yellow.

YELP Yelp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelped; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelping.] Etym: [OE. yelpen, , to boast, boast noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan, gylpan; akin to OHG. gelph arrogant: cf. Icel. gjalpa to yelp. Cf. Yap.]

1. To boast. [Obs.] I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. Chaucer.

2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup. A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs Shak. At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation. W. Irving.

YELP Yelp, n.

Defn: A sharp, quick cry; a bark. Chaucer.

YELPER Yelp"er, n.

Defn: An animal that yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically: (Zoöl.) (a) The avocet; -- so called from its sharp, shrill cry. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tattler. [Local, U. S.]

YELTING Yel"ting, n. [Orig. uncert.]

Defn: The Florida and West Indian red snapper (Lutianus aya); also, sometimes, one of certain other allied species, as L. caxis.

YEMAN Ye"man, n.

Defn: A yeoman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEN Yen, n.

Defn: The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen.

YEND Yend, v. t.

Defn: To throw; to cast. [Prov. Eng.]

YENITE Ye"nite, n. Etym: [After Jena, in Germany.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals; -- also called ilvaite. [Spelt also jenite.]

YEOMAN Yeo"man, n.; pl. Yeomen. Etym: [OE. yoman, ýeman, ýoman; of uncertain origin; perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries. ga district, region, G. gau, OHG. gewi, gouwi, Goth. gawi. sq. root100.]

1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born.

Note: A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a title in law proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and this only in particular States.

2. A servant; a retainer. [Obs.] A yeman hadde he and servants no mo. Chaucer.

3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores. Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of the English sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth century. They are members of the royal household.

YEOMANLIKE Yeo"man*like`, a.

Defn: Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.

YEOMANLY Yeo"man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a yeoman; becoming or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanlike. B. Jonson. Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly. Chaucer.

YEOMANRY Yeo"man*ry, n.

1. The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] "His estate of yeomanry." Chaucer.

2. The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders. The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct for dominion. Bancroft.

3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of volunteer cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.]

YEORLING Yeor"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YER Yer, prep.

Defn: Ere; before. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YERBA Yer"ba, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herb; a plant.

Note: This word is much used in compound names of plants in Spanish; as, yerba buena Etym: [Sp., a good herb], a name applied in Spain to several kinds of mint (Mentha sativa, viridis, etc.), but in California universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate plant (Micromeria Douglasii). Yerba dol osa. Etym: [Sp., herb of the she-bear.] A kind of buckthorn (Rhamnus Californica). -- Yerba mansa. Etym: [Sp., a mild herb, soft herb.] A plant (Anemopsis Californica) with a pungent, aromatic rootstock, used medicinally by the Mexicans and the Indians. -- Yerba reuma. Etym: [Cf. Sp. reuma rheum, rheumatism.] A low California undershrub (Frankenia grandifolia).

YERD Yerd, n.

Defn: See 1st & 2d Yard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YERK Yerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yerked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yerking.] Etym: [See Yerk.]

1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick or strike suddenly; to jerk. Their wounded steeds . . . Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters. Shak.

2. To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.]

YERK Yerk, v. i.

1. To throw out the heels; to kick; to jerk. They flirt, they yerk, they backward . . . fling. Drayton.

2. To move a quick, jerking motion.

YERK Yerk, n.

Defn: A sudden or quick thrust or motion; a jerk.

YERN Yern, v. i.

Defn: See 3d Yearn. [Obs.]

YERN Yern, a. Etym: [OE. ýern, ýeorne, AS. georn desirous, eager. See Yearn to long.]

Defn: Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] "Her song . . . loud and yern." Chaucer.

YERNE Yerne, adv. Etym: [OE. ýeorne. See Yern, a.]

Defn: Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. My hands and my tongue go so yerne. Chaucer.

YERNUT Yer"nut`, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. jordnöd, Sw. jordnöt, earthnut. Cf. Jarnut.]

Defn: An earthnut, or groundnut. See Groundnut (d). [Written also yarnut.]

YERST Yerst, adv.

Defn: See Erst. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YES Yes, adv. Etym: [OE. yis, ýis, ýes, ýise, AS. gese, gise; probably fr. geá yea + swa so. sq. root188. See Yea, and So.]

Defn: Ay; yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; -- opposed to Ant: no.

Note: Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as, you have done all this -- yes, you have done more. "Yes, you despise the man books confined." Pope.

Note: "The fine distinction between `yea' and `yes,' `nay' and `no,' that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. `Yea' and `nay' in Wyclif's time, and a good deal later, were the answers to questions framed in the affirmative. `Will he come' To this it would have been replied, `Yea' or `Nay', as the case might be. But, `Will he not come' To this the answer would have been `Yes' or `No.' Sir Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite forgotten." Trench.

YEST Yest, n.

Defn: See Yeast. Shak.

YESTER Yes"ter, a. Etym: [See Yesterday.]

Defn: Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday. [An enemy] whom yester sun beheld Mustering her charms. Dryden.

Note: This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds; as, yesterday, yesternight, etc.

YESTERDAY Yes"ter*day, n. Etym: [OE. ýisterdai, AS. geostran dæg, from geostran, geostra, giestran, gistran, gystran, yesterday (akin to D. gisteren, G. gestern, OHG. gestaron, Icel. gær yesterday, to-morrow, Goth. gistradagis to-morrow, L. heri yesterday, Gr. hyas) + dæg day. Cf. Hestern.

1. The day last past; the day next before the present. All our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak. We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. Job viii. 9.

2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past. The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday, when compared with the line of supreme pontiffs. Macaulay.

YESTERDAY Yes"ter*day, adv.

Defn: On the day last past; on the day preceding to-day; as, the affair took place yesterday.

YESTEREVE; YESTER-EVENING Yes"ter*eve`, Yes"ter-e`ven*ing, n.

Defn: The evening of yesterday; the evening last past.

YESTERMORN; YESTER-MORNING Yes"ter*morn`, Yes"ter-morn`ing, n.

Defn: The morning of yesterday. Coleridge.

YESTERN Yes"tern, a. Etym: [See Yester.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past.

YESTERNIGHT Yes"ter*night`, n.

Defn: The last night; the night last past.

YESTERNIGHT Yes"ter*night`, adv. Etym: [AS. gystran niht. See Yesterday.]

Defn: On the last night. B. Jonson.

YESTERNOON Yes"ter*noon`, n.

Defn: The noon of yesterday; the noon last past.

YESTERWEEK Yes"ter*week`, n.

Defn: The week last past; last week.

YESTERYEAR Yes"ter*year`, n.

Defn: The year last past; last year.

YESTREEN Yes`treen", n.

Defn: Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or Scot.] Yestreen I did not know How largely I could live. Bp. Coxe.

YESTY Yest"y, a.

Defn: See Yeasty. Shak.

YET Yet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large marine gastropods belonging to the genus Yetus, or Cymba; a boat shell.

YET Yet, adv. Etym: [OE. yet, ýet, ýit, AS. git, gyt, giet, gieta; akin to OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG. iezuo, ieze, now, G. jetzo, jetzt.]

1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. "A little longer; yet a little longer." Dryden. This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy. Atterbury. The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of piety and justice. L'Estrange.

2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still. Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens. Addison.

3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; -- and with the negative, not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to go Not yet. See As yet, under As, conj. Ne never yet no villainy ne said. Chaucer.

4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. "He 'll be hanged yet." Shak.

5. Even; -- used emphatically. Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them. Bacon.

YET Yet, conj.

Defn: Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however. Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Matt. vi. 29.

Syn. -- See However.

YEVE Yeve, v. i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEVEN Yev"en, p. p.

Defn: Given. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEW Yew, v. i.

Defn: See Yaw.

YEW Yew, n. Etym: [OE. ew, AS. eów, iw, eoh; akin to D. ijf, OHG. iwa, iha, G. eibe, Icel. ; cf. Ir. iubhar, Gael. iubhar, iughar, W. yw, ywen, Lith. jëva the black alder tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British churchyards.

2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine- grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from Spain.

Note: The American yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas.

3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.

YEW Yew (u), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as, a yew whipstock.

YEWEN Yew"en, a.

Defn: Made of yew; as, yewen bows.

YEX Yex, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýexen, yesken, AS. giscian to sob.]

Defn: To hiccough. [Written also yox, yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] He yexeth and he speaketh through the nose. Chaucer.

YEX Yex, n. Etym: [AS. geocsa a sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex, v. i.]

Defn: A hiccough. [Written also yox, and yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "The excessive yex." Holland.

YEZDEGERDIAN Yez`de*ger"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, the Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still used by the Parsees.

YEZDI Yez"di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi. Taylor.

YEZIDEE; YEZIDI Yez"i*dee, Yez"i*di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi.

YFERE Y*fere", adv.

Defn: Together. See Ifere. [Obs.] As friends do when they be met yfere. Chaucer.

YGDRASYL Yg"dra*syl, n. (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

YGHE Y"ghe, n.

Defn: Eye. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YGO Y*go", obs. p. p. of Go.

Defn: Gone. Chaucer.

YGROUND Y*ground", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

YHOLDE Y*hold"e, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Hold. Chaucer.

YID Yid, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Jew. [Slang or Colloq.] "Almost any young Yid who goes out from among her people." John Corbin.

YIDDISH Yid"dish, n. [G. jüdisch, prop., Jewish, fr. Jude Jew. See Jew, Jewish.]

Defn: A language used by German and other Jews, being a Middle German dialect developed under Hebrew and Slavic influence. It is written in Hebrew characters.

YIDDISHER Yid"dish*er, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Yid. [Slang]

YIELD Yield, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yielded; obs. p. p. Yold; p. pr. & vb. n. Yielding.] Etym: [OE. yelden, ýelden, ýilden, AS. gieldan, gildan, to pay, give, restore, make an offering; akin to OFries. jelda, OS. geldan, D. gelden to cost, to be worth, G. gelten, OHG. geltan to pay, restore, make an offering, be worth, Icel. gjalda to pay, give up, Dan. gielde to be worth, Sw. gälla to be worth, gälda to pay, Goth. gildan in fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st Geld, Guild.]

1. To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as payment or interest on what is expended or invested; to pay; as, money at interest yields six or seven per cent. To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent. Chaucer. When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength. Gen. iv. 12.

2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. "Vines yield nectar." Milton. [He] makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. Job xxiv. 5.

3. To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to make over to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc. And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the crown. Shak. Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame. Milton.

4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow. I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. Milton.

5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage.

6. To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, And the gods yield you for 't. Shak. God yield thee, and God thank ye. Beau. & Fl. To yield the breath, the ghost, or the life, to die; to expire; -- often followed by up. One calmly yields his willing breath. Keble.

YIELD Yield, v. i.

1. To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb. He saw the fainting Grecians yield. Dryden.

2. To comply with; to assent; as, I yielded to his request.

3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readily yield to the current of opinion, or to customs; the door yielded. Will ye relent, And yield to mercy while 't is offered you Shak.

4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they will yield to us in nothing. Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields The thistle springs, to which the lily yields Pope.

YIELD Yield, n.

Defn: Amount yielded; product; -- applied especially to products resulting from growth or cultivation. "A goodly yield of fruit doth bring." Bacon.

YIELDABLE Yield"a*ble, a.

Defn: Disposed to yield or comply. [R.] -- Yield"a*ble*ness, n. [R.] Bp. Hall.

YIELDANCE Yield"ance, n.

1. The act of producing; yield; as, the yieldance of the earth. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The act of yielding; concession. [R.] South.

YIELDER Yield"er, n.

Defn: One who yields. Shak.

YIELDING Yield"ing, a.

Defn: Inclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant; accommodating; as, a yielding temper. Yielding and paying (Law), the initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be paid by the lessee is mentioned and reserved. Burrill.

Syn. -- Obsequious; attentive. -- Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In many cases a man may be attentive or yielding in a high degree without any sacrifice of his dignity; but he who is obsequious seeks to gain favor by excessive and mean compliances for some selfish end. -- Yield"ing*ly, adv. -- Yield"ing*ness, n.

YIELDLESS Yield"less, a.

Defn: Without yielding; unyielding. [Obs.]

YIFT Yift, n.

Defn: Gift. [Obs.] "Great yiftes." Chaucer.

YIN Yin, n.

Defn: A Chinese weight of 2

YIS Yis, adv.

Defn: Yes. [Obs.] "Yis, sir," quod he, "yis, host." Chaucer.

YIT Yit, conj.

Defn: Yet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YITE Yite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YIVE Yive, v. t. & i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-YL -yl. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix used as a characteristic termination of chemical radicals; as in ethyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc.

Note: -yl was first used in 1832 by Liebig and Wöhler in naming benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, or fundamental material, then in 1834 by Dumas and Peligot in naming methyl, in the sense of wood. After this -yl was generally used as in benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, characteristic ground, fundamental material.

YLANG-YLANG Y*lang`-y*lang", n.

Defn: See Ihlang-ihlang.

YLE Yle, n.

Defn: Isle. [Obs.] "The barren yle." Chaucer.

Y LEVEL Y" lev`el. (Surv.)

Defn: See under Y, n.

YLICHE; YLIKE Y*liche", Y*like", a. & adv.

Defn: Like; alike. [Obs.] "All . . . yliche good." Chaucer.

YLLANRATON Yl`lan*ra*ton", n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The agouara.

YMAKED Y*mak"ed, obs. p. p. of Make.

Defn: Made.

YMEL Y*mel", prep. Etym: [OE. ymel, imelle, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. i milli, i millum (properly, in the middle, fr. mi, me, middle, akin to E. middle), Dan. imellem, Sw. emellan. See In, and Middle.]

Defn: Among. [Obs.] "Ymel them all." Chaucer.

YNAMBU Y*nam"bu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens); -- called also perdiz grande, and rufous tinamou. See Illust. of Tinamou.

YNOUGH; YNOW Y*nough", Y*now", a. Etym: [See Enough.]

Defn: Enough. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOCKEL Yock"el, n. Etym: [Cf. Yokel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle.

YODE Yode, obs. imp. of Go. Etym: [OE. yode, yede, , , eode, AS. eóde, used as the imp. of gan to go; akin to Goth. iddja I, he, went, L. ire to go, Gr. i, ya. Issue.]

Defn: Went; walked; proceeded. [Written also yede.] See Yede. Quer [whether] they rade [rode] or yoke. Cursor Mundi. Then into Cornhill anon I yode. Lydgate.

YODEL; YODLE Yo"del, Yo"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yodeled, Yodled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yodeling, Yodling.] Etym: [G. jodeln.]

Defn: To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or falsetto, to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble.

YODEL; YODLE Yo"del, Yo"dle, n.

Defn: A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.

YODLER Yo"dler, n.

Defn: One who yodels.

YOGA Yo"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yoga union.]

Defn: A species of asceticism among the Hindoos, which consists in a complete abstraction from all worldly objects, by which the votary expects to obtain union with the universal spirit, and to acquire superhuman faculties.

YOGI Yo"gi, n. Etym: [Skr. yogin.]

Defn: A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt also yokin.] Whitworth.

YOGISM Yo"gism, n.

Defn: Yoga, or its practice.

YOICKS Yo"icks, interj. (Hunting)

Defn: A cry of encouragement to foxhounds.

YOIT Yoit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOJAN Yo"jan, n. Etym: [Skr. y.]

Defn: A measure of distance, varying from four to ten miles, but usually about five. [India] [Written also yojana.]

YOKE Yoke, n. Etym: [OE. yok, , AS. geoc; akin to D. juk, OHG. joh, G. joch, Icel. & Sw. ok, Dan. aag, Goth. juk, Lith. jungas, Russ. igo, L. jugum, Gr. yuga, and to L. jungere to join, Gr. yui. Join, Jougs, Joust, Jugular, Subjugate, Syzycy, Yuga, Zeugma.]

1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the heads or necks for working together. A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed, unconscious of the galling yoke. Pope.

Note: The modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber hollowed, or made curving, near each end, and laid on the necks of the oxen, being secured in place by two bows, one inclosing each neck, and fastened through the timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a flat piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by thongs about the horns.

2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape. Specifically: (a) A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid's yoke. (b) A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose, to prevent passage through a fence. (c) A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for ringing it. See Illust. of Bell. (d) A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines are attached which lead forward so that the boat can be steered from amidships. (e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts. (f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide against unusual strain. (g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt.

3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond connection. Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer. This yoke of marriage from us both remove. Dryden.

4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service. Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 30.

5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together. I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them. Luke xiv. 19.

6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.] Gardner.

7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Neck yoke, Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig. -- Yoke elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for cattle.

YOKE Yoke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yoking.]

1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or pair of oxen.

2. To couple; to join with another. "Be ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers." 2 Cor. vi. 14. Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb. Shak.

3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine. Then were they yoked with garrisons. Milton. The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are quickly broke. Hudibras.

YOKE Yoke, v. i.

Defn: To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate. We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow. Shak.

YOKEAGE Yoke"age, n.

Defn: See Rokeage. [Local, U. S.]

YOKEFELLOW Yoke"fel`low, n. Etym: [Yoke + fellow.]

Defn: An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow; especially, a partner in marriage. Phil. iv. 3. The two languages [English and French] became yokefellows in a still more intimate manner. Earle. Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion and yokefellow. Addison.

YOKEL Yo"kel, n. Etym: [Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E. gawk.]

Defn: A country bumpkin. [Eng.] Dickens.

YOKELET Yoke"let, n.

Defn: A small farm; -- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to till it. [Prov. Eng.]

YOKEMATE Yoke"mate`, n.

Defn: Same as Yokefellow.

YOKE-TOED Yoke"-toed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and woodpeckers.

YOLD Yold, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded. Spenser.

YOLDEN Yold"en, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded.

YOLK Yolk, n. Etym: [OE. yolke, yelke, ýolke, ýelke, AS. geoloca, geoleca, fr. geolu yellow. See Yellow.] [Written also yelk.]

1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep. Yolk cord (Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. -- Yolk gland (Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. -- Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.

YOLL Yoll, v. i.

Defn: To yell. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOM Yom, n. [Heb. yom.]

Defn: Day; -- a Hebrew word used in the names of various Jewish feast days; as, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement; Yom Teruah (lit., day of shouting), the Feast of Trumpets.

YON Yon, a. Etym: [OE. yon, , AS. geon; akin to G. jener, OHG. jen, Icel. enn, inn; cf. Goth. jains. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic] Read thy lot in yon celestial sign. Milton. Though fast yon shower be fleeting. Keble.

YON Yon, adv.

Defn: Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic] But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon soars on golden wing. Milton.

YONCOPIN Yon"co*pin, n. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted from Illinois micoupena, Chippewa makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the American lotus (Nelumbo lutea).

YOND Yond, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. anda, onda, anger, andian to be angry.]

Defn: Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] "Then wexeth wood and yond." Spenser.

YOND Yond, adv. & a. Etym: [OE. yond, ýond, ýeond, through, beyond, over, AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth. jaind thither. sq. root188. See Yon, a.]

Defn: Yonder. [Obs.] "Yond in the garden." Chaucer.

YONDER Yon"der, adv. Etym: [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view. Yonder are two apple women scolding. Arbuthnot.

YONDER Yon"der, a.

Defn: Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there; yon. "Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green." Milton. "Yonder sea of light." Keble. Yonder men are too many for an embassage. Bacon.

YONI Yo"ni, n. Etym: [Skr. y.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam.

YONKER Yon"ker, n. Etym: [See Younker.]

Defn: A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

YORE Yore, adv. Etym: [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]

Defn: In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic] As it hath been of olde times yore. Chaucer. Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to them for judgment just do fly. Spenser. Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times or days of yore. "But Satan now is wiser than of yore." Pope. Where Abraham fed his flock of yore. Keble.

YORKER York"er, n. (Cricket)

Defn: A tice.

YORK RITE York rite. (Freemasonry)

Defn: The rite or ceremonial observed by one of the Masonic systems, deriving its name from the city of York, in England; also, the system itself, which, in England, confers only the first three degrees.

YORKSHIRE York"shire, n.

Defn: A county in the north of England. Yorkshire grit, a kind of stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers. Simmonds. -- Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat.

YORK USE York" use`. (Eccl.)

Defn: The one of the three printed uses of England which was followed in the north. It was based on the Sarum use. See Use, n., 6. Shipley.

YOT Yot, v. t.

Defn: To unite closely. [Prov. Eng.]

YOTE Yote, v. t. Etym: [OE. , , to pour, AS. geótan. See Found to cast.]

Defn: To pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Grose. My fowls, which well enough, I, as before, found feeding at their trough Their yoted wheat. Chapman.

YOU You, pron. [Possess. Your or Yours (; dat. & obj. You.] Etym: [OE. you, eou, eow, dat. & acc., AS. eów, used as dat. & acc. of ge, g, ye; akin to OFries. iu, io, D. u, G. euch, OHG. iu, dat., iuwih, acc., Icel. y, dat. & acc., Goth. izwis; of uncertain origin. sq. root189. Cf. Your.]

Defn: The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative, and objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See the Note under Ye. Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed. Chaucer. Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak. In vain you tell your parting lover You wish fair winds may waft him over. Prior.

Note: Though you is properly a plural, it is in all ordinary discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly always with a plural verb. "Are you he that hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so admired " Shak. You and your are sometimes used indefinitely, like we, they, one, to express persons not specified. "The looks at a distance like a new-plowed land; but as you come near it, you see nothing but a long heap of heavy, disjointed clods." Addison. "Your medalist and critic are much nearer related than the world imagine." Addison. "It is always pleasant to be forced to do what you wish to do, but what, until pressed, you dare not attempt." Hook. You is often used reflexively for yourself of yourselves. "Your highness shall repose you at the tower." Shak.

YOUL Youl, v. i.

Defn: To yell; to yowl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOUNG Young, a. [Compar. Younger; superl. Youngest.] Etym: [OE. yung, yong, , , AS. geong; akin to OFries. iung, iong, D. joing, OS., OHG., & G. jung, Icel. ungr, Sw. & Dan. ung, Goth. juggs, Lith. jaunas, Russ. iunuii, L. juvencus, juvenis, Skr. juva, juven. Junior, Juniper, Juvenile, Younker, Youth.]

1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; -- said of animals; as, a young child; a young man; a young fawn. For he so young and tender was of age. Chaucer. "Whom the gods love, die young," has been too long carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, live young forever. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, a young plant; a young tree. While the fears of the people were young. De Foe.

3. Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak. Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in this. Shak.

YOUNG Young, n.

Defn: The offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring collectively. [The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton. With young, with child; pregnant.

YOUNGGER Young"ger, n.

Defn: One who is younger; an inferior in age; a junior. "The elder shall serve the younger." Rom. ix. 12.

YOUNGISH Young"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat young. Tatler.

YOUNGLING Young"ling, n. Etym: [AS. geongling.]

Defn: A young person; a youth; also, any animal in its early life. "More dear . . . than younglings to their dam." Spenser. He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as with us younglings. Ridley.

YOUNGLING Young"ling, a.

Defn: Young; youthful. Wordsworth.

YOUNGLY Young"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geonglic.]

Defn: Like a young person or thing; young; youthful. [Obs.] Shak.

YOUNGLY Young"ly, adv.

1. In a young manner; in the period of youth; early in life. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Ignorantly; weakly. [R.]

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Young Men's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual, social, and physical welfare of young men, founded, June 6, 1844, by George Williams (knighted therefor by Queen Victoria) in London. In 1851 it extended to the United States and Canada, and in 1855 representatives of similar organizations throughout Europe and America formed an international body. The movement has successfully expanded not only among young men in general, but also specifically among railroad men, in the army and navy, with provision for Indians and negroes, and a full duplication of all the various lines of oepration in the boys' departments.

YOUNGNESS Young"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being young.

YOUNG ONE Young one.

Defn: A young human being; a child; also, a young animal, as a colt.

YOUNGSTER Young"ster, n.

Defn: A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] "He felt himself quite a youngster, with a long life before him." G. Eliot.

YOUNGTH Youngth, n.

Defn: Youth. [Obs.] Youngth is a bubble blown up with breath. Spenser.

YOUNGTHLY Youngth"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, youth; youthful. [Obs.] Spenser.

YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Young Women's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual, social, and economic welfare of young women, originating in 1855 with Lady Kinnaird's home for young women, and Miss Emma Robert's prayer union for young women,in England, which were combined in the year 1884 as a national association. Now nearly all the civilized countries, and esp. the United States, have local, national, and international organizations.

YOUNKER Youn"ker, n. Etym: [D. jonker, jonkeer; jong young + heer a lord, sir, gentleman. See Young, a.]

Defn: A young person; a stripling; a yonker. [Obs. or Colloq.] That same younker soon was overthrown. Spenser.

YOUPON You"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YOUR Your, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. your, , eowr, eower, AS. eówer, originally used as the gen. of ge, ge, ye; akin to OFries. iuwer your, OS. iuwar, D. uw, OHG. iuwer, G. euer, Icel. ythar, Goth. izwara, izwar, and E. you. *189. See You.]

Defn: The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun you.

Note: The possessive takes the form yours when the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this book is yours. "An old fellow of yours." Chaucer.

YOURS Yours, pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURS Yours (ürz), pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURSELF Your*self", pron.; pl. Yourselves. Etym: [Your + self.]

Defn: An emphasized or reflexive form of the pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with you; as, you yourself shall see it; also, alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, you have injured yourself. Of which right now ye han yourselve heard. Chaucer. If yourselves are old, make it your cause. Shak. Why should you be so cruel to yourself Milton. The religious movement which you yourself, as well as I, so faithfully followed from first to last. J. H. Newman.

YOUTH Youth (uth), n.; pl. Youths (uths; 264) or collectively Youth. Etym: [OE. youthe, youhþe, ýuhethe, ýuwethe, ýeoýethe, AS. geoguth, geogoth; akin to OS. jugth, D. jeugd, OHG. jugund, G. jugend, Goth. junda. *281. See Young.]

1. The quality or state of being young; youthfulness; juvenility. "In my flower of youth." Milton. Such as in his face Youth smiled celestial. Milton.

2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to manhood. He wondered that your lordship Would suffer him to spend his youth at home. Shak. Those who pass their youth in vice are justly condemned to spend their age in folly. Rambler.

3. A young person; especially, a young man. Seven youths from Athens yearly sent. Dryden.

4. Young persons, collectively. It is fit to read the best authors to youth first. B. Jonson.

YOUTHFUL Youth"ful, a.

1. Not yet mature or aged; young. "Two youthful knights." Dryden.

Defn: Also used figuratively. "The youthful season of the year." Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life; suitable to early life; as, youthful days; youthful sports. "Warm, youthful blood." Shak. "Youthful thoughts." Milton.

3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth. After millions of millions of ages . . . still youthful and flourishing. Bentley.

Syn. -- Puerile; juvenile. -- Youthful, Puerile, Juvenile. Puerile is always used in a bad sense, or at least in the sense of what is suitable to a boy only; as, puerile objections, puerile amusements, etc. Juvenile is sometimes taken in a bad sense, as when speaking of youth in contrast with manhood; as, juvenile tricks; a juvenile performance. Youthful is commonly employed in a good sense; as, youthful aspirations; or at least by way of extenuating; as, youthful indiscretions. "Some men, imagining themselves possessed with a divine fury, often fall into toys and trifles, which are only puerilities." Dryden. "Raw, juvenile writers imagine that, by pouring forth figures often, they render their compositions warm and animated." Blair. -- Youth"ful*ly, adv. -- Youth"ful*ness, n.

YOUTHHOOD Youth"hood, n. Etym: [AS. geoguedhhad. See Youth, and -hood.]

Defn: The quality or state of being a youth; the period of youth. Cheyne.

YOUTHLY Youth"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geoguedhlic.]

Defn: Young; youthful. [Obs.] "All my youthly days." Spenser.

YOUTHSOME Youth"some, a.

Defn: Youthful. [Obs.] Pepys.

YOUTHY Youth"y, a.

Defn: Young. [Obs.] Spectator.

YOUZE Youze, n. Etym: [From a native East Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cheetah.

YOW Yow, pron.

Defn: You. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOWE Yowe, n. Etym: [See Ewe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ewe. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] G. Eliot.

YOWL Yowl, v. i. Etym: [See Yawl, v. i.]

Defn: To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to yell.

YOWL Yowl, n.

Defn: A loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl.

YOWLEY Yow"ley, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOX Yox, v. i.

Defn: See Yex. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPIGHT Y*pight", obs. p. p. of Pitch.

Defn: See Pight.

YPOCRAS Yp"o*cras, n.

Defn: Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPRES LACE Y"pres lace`.

Defn: Fine bobbin lace made at Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly like Valenciennes lace.

YPSILIFORM Yp*sil"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling the

YPSILOID Yp"si*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: In the form of the letter Y; Y-shaped.

YRAFT Y*raft", obs. p. p. of Reave.

Defn: Bereft. Chaucer.

YREN Yr"en, n.

Defn: Iron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YRONNE Y*ron"ne, obs. p. p. of Run.

Defn: Run. Chaucer.

YSAME Y*same", adv. Etym: [See Same.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "And in a bag all sorts of seeds ysame." Spenser.

YT Yt.

Defn: , an old method of printing that (AS. æt, edhæt) the "y" taking the place of the old letter "Þ"). Cf. Ye, the.

YT; YT Yt, Yt (that),

Defn: an old method of printing that (AS. þæt, ðæt) the "y" taking the place of the old letter "thorn" (þ). Cf. Ye, the.

YTHROWE Y*throwe", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Throw. Chaucer.

YTTERBIC Yt*ter"bic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ytterbium; containing ytterbium.

YTTERBIUM Yt*ter"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf. Yttrium.

Note: Ytterbium is associated with other rare elements, and probably has not been prepared in a pure state.

YTTRIA Yt"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Yttrium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide, Y2O3, or earth, of yttrium.

YTTRIC Yt"tric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, yttrium.

YTTRIFEROUS Yt*trif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing or containing yttrium or the allied elements; as, gadolinite is one of the yttriferous minerals.

YTTRIOUS Yt"tri*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Yttric.

YTTRIUM Yt"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89. [Written also ittrium.]

Note: Associated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as erbium, ytterbium, samarium, etc., which are separated in a pure state with great difficulty. They are studied by means of their spark or phosphorescent spectra. Yttrium is now regarded as probably not a simple element, but as a mixture of several substances.

YTTRO-CERITE Yt`tro-ce"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a violet-blue color, inclining to gray and white. It is a hydrous fluoride of cerium, yttrium, and calcium.

YTTRO-COLUMBITE; YTTRO-TANTALITE Yt`tro-co*lum"bite, Yt`tro-tan"ta*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A tantalate of uranium, yttrium, and calcium, of a brown or black color.

YU Yu, n. Etym: [Chin.] (Min.)

Defn: Jade.

YUCCA Yuc"ca, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Flicker, n., 2.

YUCCA Yuc"ca, n. Etym: [NL., from Yuca, its name in St. Domingo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms.

Note: The species with more rigid leaves (as Yucca aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y. baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one with softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called bear grass, and Adam's needle. Yucca moth (Zoöl.), a small silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella) whose larvæ feed on plants of the genus Yucca.

YUCCA BORER Yuc"ca bor`er. (a) A California boring weevil (Yuccaborus frontalis). (b) A large mothlike butterfly (Megathymus yuccæ) of the family Megatimidæ, whose larva bores in yucca roots.

YUCK Yuck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. jucken, D. yeuken, joken. See Itch.]

Defn: To itch. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

YUCK Yuck, v. t.

Defn: To scratch. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

YUCKEL Yuck"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yockel.

YUEN Yu"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crowned gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), native of Siam, Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely arboreal in its habits, and has very long arms. the males are dark brown or blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark hair, and usually with a white band around the face. The females are yellowish white, with a dark spot on the breast and another on the crown. Called also wooyen, and wooyen ape.

YUFTS Yufts, n. Etym: [Russ. iufte.]

Defn: Russia leather.

YUG; YUGA Yug, Yu"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yuga an age, a yoke. See Yoke.] (Hindoo Cosmog.)

Defn: Any one of the four ages, Krita, or Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali, into which the Hindoos divide the duration or existence of the world.

YUKE Yuke, v. i. & t.

Defn: Same as Yuck. [Prov. Eng.]

YULAN Yu"lan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Magnolia (M. conspicua) with large white blossoms that open before the leaves. See the Note under Magnolia.

YULE Yule, n. Etym: [OE. yol, ýol, AS. geól; akin to geóla December or January, Icel. jol Yule, Ylir the name of a winter month, Sw. jul Christmas, Dan. juul, Goth. jiuleis November or December. Cf. Jolly.]

Defn: Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our Savior. And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule. Drayton. Yule block, or Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much ceremony. -- Yule clog, the yule log. Halliwell. W. Irving.

YULETIDE Yule"tide`, n.

Defn: Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.

YUMAN Yu"man, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, an important linguistic stock of North American Indians of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, nearly all agriculturists and adept potters and basket makers. Their usual dwelling is the brush wikiup, and in their native state they wear little clothing. The Yuma, Maricopa, Mohave, Walapi, and Yavapai are among the chief tribes, all of fine physique.

YUMAS Yu"mas, n. pl.; sing. Yuma (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts of Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and cultivate corn, wheat, barley, melons, etc.

Note: The a wider sense, the term sometimes includes the Mohaves and other allied tribes.

YUNCA Yun"ca (yoon"ka), n.

Defn: An Indian of a linguistic stock of tribes of the Peruvian coast who had a developed agricultural civilization at the advent of the Spaniards, before which they had been conquered by the Incas. They constructed irrigation canals which are still in use, adorned their buildings with bas-reliefs and frescoes, and were skilled goldsmiths and silversmiths. -- Yun"can (#), a.

YUNX Yunx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds comprising the wrynecks.

YUPON Yu"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YUX Yux, n. & v.

Defn: See Yex, n. [Obs.]

YVEL Y"vel, a. & adv.

Defn: Evil; ill. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YWAR Y*war", a. Etym: [See Aware.]

Defn: Aware; wary. [Obs.] "Be ywar, and his way shun." Piers Plowman.

YWIS Y*wis", adv. Etym: [OE. ywis, iwis, AS. gewis certain; akin to D. gewis, G. gewiss, and E. wit to know. See Wit to know, and Y-.]

Defn: Certainly; most likely; truly; probably. [Obs. or Archaic] "Ywis," quod he, "it is full dear, I say." Chaucer. She answered me, "I-wisse, all their sport in the park is but a shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato." Ascham. A right good knight, and true of word ywis. Spenser.

Note: The common form iwis was often written with the prefix apart from the rest of the word and capitalized, as, I wis, I wisse, etc. The prefix was mistaken for the pronoun, I and wis, wisse, for a form of the verb wit to know. See Wis, and cf. Wit, to know. Our ship, I wis, Shall be of another form than this. Longfellow.

Z Z (ze; in England commonly, and in America sometimes, zêd; formerly, also, îz"zêrd)

Defn: Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z, which came from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to s, y, and j; as in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. yugum; E. zealous, jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 273, 274.

ZA Za, n. (Min.)

Defn: An old solfeggio name for B flat; the seventh harmonic, as heard in the or æolian string; -- so called by Tartini. It was long considered a false, but is the true note of the chord of the flat seventh. H. W. Poole.

ZABAISM; ZABISM Za"ba*ism, Za"bism, n.

Defn: See Sabianism.

ZABIAN Za"bi*an, a. & n.

Defn: See Sabian.

ZACCO Zac"co, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Zocco.

ZACHUN Za*chun", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An oil pressed by the Arabs from the fruit of a small thorny tree (Balanites Ægyptiaca), and sold to piligrims for a healing ointment. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAERTHE Zaer"the, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zärthe.

ZAFFER Zaf"fer, n. Etym: [F. zafre, safre; cf. Sp. zafra, safra, It. saffera, G. zaffer; all probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Zaphara.]

Defn: A pigment obtained, usually by roasting cobalt glance with sand or quartz, as a dark earthy powder. It consists of crude cobalt oxide, or of an impure cobalt arseniate. It is used in porcelain painting, and in enameling pottery, to produce a blue color, and is often confounded with smalt, from which, however, it is distinct, as it contains no potash. The name is often loosely applied to mixtures of zaffer proper with silica, or oxides of iron, manganese, etc. [Written also zaffre, and formerly zaffree, zaffar, zaffir.]

ZAIM Zaim, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'im.]

Defn: A Turkish chief who supports a mounted militia bearing the same name. Smart.

ZAIMET Zaim"et, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'imet.]

Defn: A district from which a Zaim draws his revenue. Smart.

ZAIN Zain, n.

Defn: A horse of a dark color, neither gray nor white, and having no spots. Smart.

ZALAMBDODONT Za*lamb"do*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tribe (Zalambdodonta) of Insectivora in which the molar teeth have but one V-shaped ridge.

ZALAMBDODONT Za*lamb"do*dont, n.

Defn: One of the Zalambdodonta. The tenrec, solenodon, and golden moles are examples.

ZAMANG Za*mang", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An immense leguminous tree (Pithecolobium Saman) of Venezuela. Its branches form a hemispherical mass, often one hundred and eighty feet across. The sweet pulpy pods are used commonly for feeding cattle. Also called rain tree. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAMBO Zam"bo, n.; pl. Zambos. Etym: [See Sambo.]

Defn: The child of a mulatto and a negro; also, the child of an Indian and a negro; colloquially or humorously, a negro; a sambo.

ZAMIA Za"mi*a, n. Etym: [L. zamia a kind of fir cone, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cycadaceous plants, having the appearance of low palms, but with exogenous wood. See Coontie, and Illust. of Strobile.

ZAMINDAR Zam`in*dar", n. Etym: [Hind. zemindar, zamindar, a landholder, Per. zamindar; zamin land dar holding.]

Defn: A landowner; also, a collector of land revenue; now, usually, a kind of feudatory recognized as an actual proprietor so long as he pays to the government a certain fixed revenue. [Written also zemindar.] [India]

ZAMINDARY; ZAMINDARI Zam"in*da*ry, Zam"in*da*ri, n.

Defn: The jurisdiction of a zamindar; the land possessed by a zamindar. [Written also zemindary, zemindari.]

ZAMITE Za"mite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cycad of the genus Zamia.

ZAMOUSE Za*mouse", n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African buffalo (Bubalus brachyceros) having short horns depressed at the base, and large ears fringed internally with three rows of long hairs. It is destitute of a dewlap. Called also short- horned buffalo, and bush cow.

ZAMPOGNA Zam*po"gna, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sort of bagpipe formerly in use among Italian peasants. It is now almost obsolete. [Written also zampugna.]

ZANDER Zan"der, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) allied to the wall-eye; -- called also sandari, sander, sannat, schill, and zant.

ZANDMOLE Zand"mole`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand. See Sand, and Mole the animal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sand mole.

ZANTE Zan"te, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Zantewood.

ZANTE CURRANT Zan"te cur"rant.

Defn: A kind of seedless grape or raisin; -- so called from Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANTEWOOD Zan"te*wood`, n. (Bot.) (a) A yellow dyewood; fustet; -- called also zante, and zante fustic. See Fustet, and the Note under Fustic. (b) Satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia).

ZANTIOT Zan"ti*ot, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANY Za"ny, n.; pl. Zanies. Etym: [It. zanni a buffoon, merry-andrew, orig. same as Giovanni John, i. e., merry John, L. Ioannes, Gr. Yokhanan, prop., the Lord graciously gave: cf. F. zani, fr. the Italian. Cf. Jenneting.]

Defn: A merry-andrew; a buffoon. Then write that I may follow, and so be Thy echo, thy debtor, thy foil, thy zany. Donne. Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. Pope.

ZANY Za"ny, v. t.

Defn: To mimic. [Obs.] Your part is acted; give me leave at distance To zany it. Massinger.