Chapter XXV: Appendix: Vermiformis (4)

Defn: The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.

5. (Falconry)

Defn: The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot. Halliwell. Bred to arms, educated to the profession of a soldier. -- In arms, armed for war; in a state of hostility. -- Small arms, portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc. -- A stand of arms, a complete set for one soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet alone. -- To arms! a summons to war or battle. -- Under arms, armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or for a military parade. Arm's end, Arm's length, Arm's reach. See under Arm.

ARMURE Ar"mure, n. Etym: [F. See Armor.]

1. Armor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the surface.

ARMY Ar"my, n. Etym: [F. armée, fr. L. armata, fem. of armatus, p. p. of armare to arm. Cf. Armada.]

1. A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.

2. A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; as, the Blue Ribbon Army.

3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host. An army of good words. Shak. Standing army, a permanent army of professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or volunteers.

ARMY ORGANIZATION Army organization.

Defn: The system by which a country raises, classifies, arranges, and equips its armed land forces. The usual divisions are: (1) A regular or active army, in which soldiers serve continuously with the colors and live in barracks or cantonments when not in the field; (2) the reserves of this army, in which the soldiers, while remaining constantly subject to a call to the colors, live at their homes, being summoned more or less frequently to report for instruction, drill, or maneuvers; and (3) one or more classes of soldiers organized largely for territorial defense, living at home and having only occasional periods of drill and instraction, who are variously called home reserves (as in the table below), second, third, etc., line of defense (the regular army and its reserves ordinarily constituting the first line of defense), territorial forces, or the like. In countries where conscription prevails a soldier is supposed to serve a given number of years. He is usually enrolled first in the regular army, then passes to its reserve, then into the home reserves, to serve until he reaches the age limit. It for any reason he is not enrolled in the regular army, he may begin his service in the army reserves or even the home reserves, but then serves the full number of years or up to the age limit. In equipment the organization of the army is into the three great arms of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, together with more or less numerous other branches, such as engineers, medical corps, etc., besides the staff organizations such as those of the pay and subsistence departments.

ARMY WORM Ar"my worm`. (Zoöl.) (a) A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is Leucania unipuncta. The name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton worm. (b) The larva of a small two-winged fly (Sciara), which marches in large companies, in regular order. See Cotton worm, under Cotton.

ARNA; ARNEE Ar"na, Ar"nee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild buffalo of India (Bos, or Bubalus, arni), larger than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.

ARNATTO Ar*nat"to, n.

Defn: See Annotto.

ARNAUT; ARNAOUT Ar*naut" Ar*naout", n. [Turk. Arnaut, fr. NGr. , for .]

Defn: An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, specif. one serving as a soldier in the Turkish army.

ARNICA Ar"ni*ca, n. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of ptarmica.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants; also, the most important species (Arnica montana), native of the mountains of Europe, used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.

Note: The tincture of arnica is applied externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.

ARNICIN Ar"ni*cin, n. Etym: [See Arnica.] (Chem.)

Defn: An active principle of Arnica montana. It is a bitter resin.

ARNICINE Ar"ni*cine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the arnica plant.

ARNOT; ARNUT Ar"not, Ar"nut, n. Etym: [Cf. D. aardnoot, E. earthut.]

Defn: The earthnut. [Obs.]

ARNOTTO Ar*not"to, n.

Defn: Same as Annotto.

AROID; AROIDEOUS A"roid, A*roid"e*ous, a. Etym: [Arum + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the Arum family of plants.

AROINT A*roint", interj. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. rynt, rynt thee, roynt, or runt, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others; AS. r to make room or way, fr. r room. The final t is perh. for ta, for thou. Cf. Room space.]

Defn: Stand off, or begone. [Obs.] Aroint thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries. Shak.

AROINT A*roint", v. t.

Defn: To drive or scare off by some exclamation. [R.] "Whiskered cats arointed flee." Mrs. Browning.

AROLLA A*rol"la (a*rol"la), n. [F. arolle.] (Bot.)

Defn: The stone pine (Pinus Cembra).

AROMA A*ro"ma, n. Etym: [L. aroma, Gr. aromaz, aromat, spice, F. aromate.]

1. The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; as, the aroma of coffee.

2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of genius.

AROMATIC; AROMATICAL Ar`o*mat"ic, Ar`o*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. aromaticus, Gr. aromatique. See Aroma.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong- scented; odoriferous; as, aromatic balsam. Aromatic compound (Chem.), one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives. -- Aromatic vinegar. See under Vinegar.

AROMATIC Ar`o*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.

AROMATIZATION Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aromatisation.]

Defn: The act of impregnating or secting with aroma.

AROMATIZE A*ro"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aromatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Aromatizing.] Etym: [L. aromatizare, Gr. aromatiser.]

Defn: To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to perfume. Bacon.

AROMATIZER A*ro"ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic. Evelyn.

AROMATOUS A*ro"ma*tous, a.

Defn: Aromatic. [Obs.] Caxton.

AROPH Ar"oph, n. Etym: [A contraction of aroma philosophorum.]

Defn: A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various medical remedies. [Obs.]

AROSE A*rose".

Defn: The past or preterit tense of Arise.

AROUND A*round", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + round.]

1. In a circle; circularly; on every side; round.

2. In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all about; as, to travel around from town to town.

3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was standing around when the fight took place. [Colloq. U. S.]

Note: See Round, the shorter form, adv. & prep., which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly used.

AROUND A*round", prep.

1. On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of; about. A lambent flame arose, which gently spread Around his brows. Dryden.

2. From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another side of; as, to travel around the country; a house standing around the corner. [Colloq. U. S.]

AROUSAL A*rous"al, n.

Defn: The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused. Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and activity of our better nature. Hare.

AROUSE A*rouse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aroused; p. pr. & vb. n. Arousing.] Etym: [Pref. a- + rouse.]

Defn: To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the dormant faculties. Grasping his spear, forth issued to arouse His brother, mighty sovereign on the host. Cowper. No suspicion was aroused. Merivale.

AROW A*row", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + row.]

Defn: In a row, line, or rank; successively; in order. Shak. And twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow. Dryden.

AROYNT A*roynt", interj.

Defn: See Aroint.

ARPEGGIO Ar*peg"gio, n. Etym: [It., fr. arpeggiare to play on the harp, fr. arpa harp.] (Mus.)

Defn: The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus played.

ARPENT; ARPEN Ar"pent, Ar"pen, n. Etym: [F. arpent, fr. L. arepennis, arapennis. According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman jugerum.]

Defn: Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different parts of the country. The arpent of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.

ARPENTATOR Ar`pen*ta"tor, n. Etym: [See Arpent.]

Defn: The Anglicized form of the French arpenteur, a land surveyor. [R.]

ARPINE Ar"pine, n.

Defn: An arpent. [Obs.] Webster (1623).

ARQUATED Ar"qua*ted, a.

Defn: Shaped like a bow; arcuate; curved. [R.]

ARQUEBUS; ARQUEBUSE Ar"que*bus, Ar"que*buse, n. Etym: [F. arquebuse, OF. harquebuse, fr. D. haak-bus; cf. G. hakenbüchse a gun with a hook. See Hagbut.]

Defn: A sort of hand gun or firearm a contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match was applied. The musket was a later invention. [Written also harquebus.]

ARQUEBUSADE Ar`que*bus*ade", n. Etym: [F. arquebusade shot of an arquebus; eau d'arquebusade a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]

1. The shot of an arquebus. Ash.

2. A distilled water from a variety of aromatic plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; -- originally used as a vulnerary in gunshot wounds. Parr.

ARQUEBUSIER Ar`que*bus*ier, n. Etym: [F. arquebusier.]

Defn: A soldier armed with an arquebus. Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination, appear to have been called arquebusiers. E. Lodge.

ARQUIFOUX Ar"qui*foux, n.

Defn: Same as Alquifou.

ARRACH Ar"rach, n.

Defn: See Orach.

ARRACK Ar"rack, n. Etym: [Ar. araq sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr. araqa to sweat. Cf. Rack arrack.]

Defn: A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or the date palm, etc.

ARRAGONITE Ar*rag"o*nite, n.

Defn: See Aragonite.

ARRAIGN Ar*raign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arraigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Arraigning.] Etym: [OE. arainen, arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier, araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL. arrationare to address to call before court; L. ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See Reason.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the matter charged in an indictment or complaint. Blackstone.

2. To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or any other tribunal. They will not arraign you for want of knowledge. Dryden. It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body should now be arraigned by the world. I. Taylor.

Syn. -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate; indict; denounce. See Accuse.

ARRAIGN Ar*raign", n.

Defn: Arraignment; as, the clerk of the arraigns. Blackstone. Macaulay.

ARRAIGN Ar*raign", v. t. Etym: [From OF. aramier, fr. LL. adhramire.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: To appeal to; to demand; as, to arraign an assize of novel disseizin.

ARRAIGNER Ar*raign"er, n.

Defn: One who arraigns. Coleridge.

ARRAIGNMENT Ar*raign"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. arraynement, aresnement.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of arraigning, or the state of being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.

2. A calling to an account to faults; accusation. In the sixth satire, which seems only an Arraignment of the whole sex, there is a latent admonition. Dryden.

ARRAIMENT; ARRAYMENT Ar*rai"ment, Ar*ray"ment, n. Etym: [From Array, v. t.]

Defn: Clothes; raiment. [Obs.]

ARRANGE Ar*range", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Arranging.] Etym: [OE. arayngen, OF. arengier, F. arranger, fr. a (L. ad) + OF. rengier, rangier, F. ranger. See Range, v. t.]

1. To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops arranged for battle. So [they] came to the market place, and there he arranged his men in the streets. Berners. [They] were beginning to arrange their hampers. Boswell. A mechanism previously arranged. Paley.

2. To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; as, to arrange the preliminaries of an undertaking.

Syn. -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.

ARRANGEMENT Ar*range"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arrangement.]

1. The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.

2. The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic classification; as, arrangement of one's dress; the Linnæan arrangement of plants.

3. Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation; as, we have made arrangement for receiving company.

4. Settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the parties have made an arrangement between themselves concerning their disputes; a satisfactory arrangement.

5. (Mus.) (a) The adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not originally written. (b) A piece so adapted; a transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a song, an opera, or the like.

ARRANGER Ar*ran"ger, n.

Defn: One who arranges. Burke.

ARRANT Ar"rant, a. Etym: [OE. erraunt, errant, errand, equiv. to E. errant wandering, which was first applied to vagabonds, as an errant rogue, an errant thief, and hence passed gradually into its present and worse sense. See Errant.]

Defn: Notoriously or preëminently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or coward. I discover an arrant laziness in my soul. Fuller.

2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense. [Obs.] An arrant honest woman. Burton.

ARRANTLY Ar"rant*ly, adv.

Defn: Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully. L'Estrange.

ARRAS Ar"ras, n. Etym: [From Arras the capital of Artois, in the French Netherlands.]

Defn: Tapestry; a rich figured fabric; especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven figures. Stateliest couches, with rich arras spread. Cowper. Behind the arras I'll convey myself. Shak.

ARRAS Ar"ras, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with an arras. Chapman.

ARRASENE Ar`ras*ene", n. Etym: [From Arras.]

Defn: A material of wool or silk used for working the figures in embroidery.

ARRASTRE Ar*ras"tre, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp. those containing free gold.

ARRASWISE; ARRASWAYS Ar"ras*wise`, Ar"ras*ways`, adv. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of arriswise. See Arris.]

Defn: Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two sides, the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular form. Encyc. Brit. Cussans.

ARRAUGHT Ar*raught". Etym: [The past tense of an old v. areach or arreach. Cf. Reach, obs. pret. raught.]

Defn: Obtained; seized. Spenser.

ARRAY Ar*ray", n. Etym: [OE. arai, arrai, OF. arrai, arrei, arroi, order, arrangement, dress, F. arroi; a (L. ad) + OF. rai, rei, roi, order, arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan, garaidjan, to arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel. reithi rigging, harness; akin to E. ready. Cf. Ready, Greith, Curry.]

1. Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array. Wedged together in the closest array. Gibbon.

2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers. A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers. Prescott.

3. An imposing series of things. Their long array of sapphire and of gold. Byron.

4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or beautiful apparel. Dryden.

5. (Law) (a) A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as impaneled in a cause. (b) The panel itself. (c) The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court. To challenge the array (Law), to except to the whole panel. Cowell. Tomlins. Blount. -- Commission of array (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war. Blackstone.

ARRAY Ar*ray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Arraying.] Etym: [OE. araien, arraien, fr. OE. arraier, arreier, arreer, arroier, fr. arrai. See Array, n.]

1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal. By torch and trumpet fast arrayed, Each horseman drew his battle blade. Campbell. These doubts will be arrayed before their minds. Farrar.

2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind. Pharaoh . . . arrayed him in vestures of fine linen. Gen. xli. In gelid caves with horrid gloom arrayed. Trumbull.

3. (Law)

Defn: To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man. Blackstone. To array a panel, to set forth in order the men that are impaneled. Cowell. Tomlins.

Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.

ARRAYER Ar*ray"er, n.

Defn: One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.

ARREAR Ar*rear", adv. Etym: [OE. arere, OF. arere, ariere, F. arrière, fr. L. ad + retro backward. See Rear.]

Defn: To or in the rear; behind; backwards. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARREAR Ar*rear", n.

Defn: That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder, or balance which remains due when some part has been paid; arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, as, arrears of rent, wages, or taxes. Locke. For much I dread due payment by the Greeks Of yesterday's arrear. Cowper. I have a large arrear of letters to write. J. D. Forbes. In arrear or In arrears, behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.

ARREARAGE Ar*rear"age, n. Etym: [F. arrérage, fr. arrière, OF. arere. See Arrear.]

Defn: That which remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part; arrears. The old arrearages . . . being defrayed. Howell.

ARRECT; ARRECTED Ar*rect", Ar*rect"ed, a. Etym: [L. arrectus, p. p. of arrigere to raise, erect; ad + regere to lead straight, to direct.]

1. Lifted up; raised; erect.

2. Attentive, as a person listening. [Obs.] God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the vigilant and arrect. Smalridge.

ARRECT Ar*rect", v. t.

1. To direct. [Obs.] My supplication to you I arrect. Skelton.

2. Etym: [See Aret.]

Defn: To impute. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

ARRECTARY Ar*rect"a*ry, n. Etym: [L. arrectarius, fr. arrigere o set up.]

Defn: An upright beam. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ARRENOTOKOUS Ar`re*not"o*kous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing males from unfertilized eggs, as certain wasps and bees.

ARRENTATION Ar`ren*ta"tion. Etym: [Cf. F. arrenter to give or take as rent. See Arendator.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.

ARREPTION Ar*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. arripere, arreptum, to seize, snatch; ad + rapere to snatch. See Rapacious.]

Defn: The act of taking away. [Obs.] "This arreption was sudden." Bp. Hall.

ARREPTITIOUS Ar`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. arreptitius.]

Defn: Snatched away; seized or possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crack-brained. [Obs.] Odd, arreptitious, frantic extravagances. Howell.

ARREST Ar*rest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Arresting.] Etym: [OE. aresten, OF. arester, F. arrêter, fr. LL. arrestare; L. ad + restare to remain, stop; re + stare to stand. See Rest remainder.]

1. To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses. Nor could her virtues the relentless hand Of Death arrest. Philips.

2. (Law)

Defn: To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; as, to arrest one for debt, or for a crime.

Note: After his word Shakespeare uses of ("I arrest thee of high treason") or on; the modern usage is for.

3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as, to arrest the eyes or attention. Buckminster.

4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate. [Obs.] We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine mercies. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend; seize; lay hold of.

ARREST Ar*rest", v. i.

Defn: To tarry; to rest. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARREST Ar*rest", n. Etym: [OE. arest, arrest, OF. arest, F. arrêt, fr. arester. See Arrest, v. t., Arr.]

1. The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development. As the arrest of the air showeth. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant. William . . . ordered him to be put under arrest. Macaulay. [Our brother Norway] sends out arrests On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys. Shak.

Note: An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of property.

3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral. The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc., . . . were sad arrests to his troubled spirit. Jer. Taylor.

4. (Far.)

Defn: A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named rat-tails. White. Arrest of judgment (Law), the staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.

ARRESTATION Ar`res*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. arrestation, LL. arrestatio.]

Defn: Arrest. [R.] The arrestation of the English resident in France was decreed by the National Convention. H. M. Williams.

ARRESTEE Ar`res*tee", n. Etym: [See Arrest, v.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The person in whose hands is the property attached by arrestment.

ARRESTER Ar*rest"er, n.

1. One who arrests.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: The person at whose suit an arrestment is made. [Also written arrestor.]

ARRESTING Ar*rest"ing, a.

Defn: Striking; attracting attention; impressive. This most solemn and arresting occurrence. J. H. Newman.

ARRESTIVE Ar*rest"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to arrest. McCosh.

ARRESTMENT Ar*rest"ment, n. Etym: [OF. arrestement.]

1. (Scots Law)

Defn: The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp., a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third party are attached.

2. A stoppage or check. Darwin.

ARRET Ar*rêt, n. Etym: [F. See Arrest, n.] (F. Law) (a) A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign. (b) An arrest; a legal seizure.

ARRET Ar*ret", v. t.

Defn: Same as Aret. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARRHA Ar"rha, n.; pl. Arrhæ (#). [L. Cf. Earnest.] (Law)

Defn: Money or other valuable thing given to evidence a contract; a pledge or earnest.

ARRHAPHOSTIC Ar`rha*phos"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Seamless. [R.]

ARRHIZAL; ARRHIZOUS Ar*rhi"zal, Ar*rhi"zous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of a true root, as a parasitical plant.

ARRHYTHMIC; ARRHYTHMOUS Ar*rhyth"mic, Ar*rhyth"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse.

ARRHYTMY Ar"rhyt*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Want of rhythm. [R.]

ARRIDE Ar*ride", v. t. Etym: [L. arridere; ad + ridere to laugh.]

Defn: To please; to gratify. [Archaic] B. Jonson. Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most arride and solace me are thy repositories of moldering learning. Lamb.

ARRIERE Ar*riere", n. Etym: [F. arrière. See Arrear.]

Defn: "That which is behind"; the rear; -- chiefly used as an adjective in the sense of behind, rear, subordinate. Arriere fee, Arriere fief, a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory. -- Arriere vassal, the vassal of a vassal.

ARRIERE-BAN Ar*riere"-ban`, n. Etym: [F., fr. OE. arban, heriban, fr. OHG. hariban, heriban, G. heerbann, the calling together of an army; OHG. heri an army + ban a public call or order. The French have misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into arrière-ban, though arrière has no connection with its proper meaning. See Ban, Abandon.]

Defn: A proclamation, as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be called to arms, as in ancient France.

ARRIS Ar"ris, n. Etym: [OF. areste, F. arête, fr. L. arista the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone of a fish.] (Arch.)

Defn: The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plane or curved; -- applied particularly to the edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in a Doric column. P. Cyc. Arris fillet, a triangular piece of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw off the rain. Gwilt. -- Arris gutter, a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building. Gwilt.

ARRISH Ar"rish, n. Etym: [See Eddish.]

Defn: The stubble of wheat or grass; a stubble field; eddish. [Eng.] [Written also arish, ersh, etc.] The moment we entered the stubble or arrish. Blackw. Mag.

ARRISWISE Ar"ris*wise`, adv.

Defn: Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.

ARRIVAL Ar*riv"al, n. Etym: [From Arrive.]

1. The act of arriving, or coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by water (as in its original sense) or by land. Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes, Expect his swift arrival. Dryden.

2. The attainment or reaching of any object, by effort, or in natural course; as, our arrival at this conclusion was wholly unexpected.

3. The person or thing arriving or which has arrived; as, news brought by the last arrival. Another arrival still more important was speedily announced. Macaulay.

4. An approach. [Obs.] The house has a corner arrival. H. Walpole.

ARRIVANCE Ar*riv"ance, n.

Defn: Arrival. [Obs.] Shak.

ARRIVE Ar*rive", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Arrived; p. pr. & vb. n. Arriving.] Etym: [OE. ariven to arrive, land, OF. ariver, F. arriver, fr. LL. arripare, adripare, to come to shore; L. ad + ripa the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf. Riparian.]

1. To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; -- followed by at (formerly sometimes by to), also by in and from. "Arrived in Padua." Shak. [Æneas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily, arrived . . . and landed in the country of Laurentum. Holland. There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at Ipswich. Macaulay.

2. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment. To arrive at, or attain to. When he arrived at manhood. Rogers. We arrive at knowledge of a law of nature by the generalization of facts. McCosh. If at great things thou wouldst arrive. Milton.

3. To come; said of time; as, the time arrived.

4. To happen or occur. [Archaic] Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives. Waller.

ARRIVE Ar*rive", v. t.

1. To bring to shore. [Obs.] And made the sea-trod ship arrive them. Chapman.

2. To reach; to come to. [Archaic] Ere he arrive the happy isle. Milton. Ere we could arrive the point proposed. Shak. Arrive at last the blessed goal. Tennyson.

ARRIVE Ar*rive", n.

Defn: Arrival. [Obs.] Chaucer. How should I joy of thy arrive to hear! Drayton.

ARRIVER Ar*riv"er, n.

Defn: One who arrives.

ARROBA Ar*ro"ba, n. Etym: [Sp. and Pg., from Ar. arrub, ar-rubu, a fourth part.]

1. A Spanish weight used in Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.

2. A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp. gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.

ARROGANCE Ar"ro*gance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. arrogantia, fr. arrogans. See Arrogant.]

Defn: The act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption. I hate not you for her proud arrogance. Shak.

Syn. -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness; presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness. See Haughtiness.

ARROGANCY Ar"ro*gan*cy, n.

Defn: Arrogance. Shak.

ARROGANT Ar"ro*gant, a. Etym: [F. arrogant, L. arrogans, p. pr. of arrogare. See Arrogate.]

1. Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons. Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate. Shak.

2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; -- applied to things; as, arrogant pretensions or behavior.

Syn. -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing; presumptuous; haughty. See Magisterial.

ARROGANTLY Ar"ro*gant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.

ARROGANTNESS Ar"ro*gant*ness, n.

Defn: Arrogance. [R.]

ARROGATE Ar"ro*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Arrogating.] Etym: [L. arrogatus, p. p. of adrogare, arrogare, to ask, appropriate to one's self; ad + rogare to ask. See Rogation.]

Defn: To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; as, the pope arrogated dominion over kings. He arrogated to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine. Macaulay.

ARROGATION Ar`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. arrogatio, fr. arrogare. Cf. Adrogation.]

1. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to. Hall.

2. (Civ. Law)

Defn: Adoption of a person of full age.

ARROGATIVE Ar"ro*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Making undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance. [R.] Dr. H. More.

ARRONDISSEMENT Ar`ron`disse`ment", n. Etym: [F., fr. arrondir to make round; ad + rond round, L. rotundus.]

Defn: A subdivision of a department. [France]

Note: The territory of France, since the revolution, has been divided into departments, those into arrondissements, those into cantons, and the latter into communes.

ARROSE Ar*rose", v. t. Etym: [F. arroser.]

Defn: To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten. [Obs.] The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you. Two N. Kins.

ARROSION Ar*ro"sion, n. Etym: [L. arrodere, arrosum, to gnaw: cf. F. arrosion.]

Defn: A gnawing. [Obs.] Bailey.

ARROW Ar"row, n. Etym: [OE. arewe, AS. arewe, earh; akin to Icel. ör, örvar, Goth. arhwazna, and perh. L. arcus bow. Cf. Arc.]

Defn: A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow. Broad arrow. (a) An arrow with a broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad arrowhead.

ARROW GRASS Ar"row grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous grasslike plant (Triglochin palustre, and other species) with pods opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.

ARROWHEAD Ar"row*head`, n.

1. The head of an arrow.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, -- named from the shape of the leaves.

ARROWHEADED Ar"row*head`ed, a.

Defn: Shaped like the head of an arow; cuneiform. Arrowheaded characters, characters the elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads, nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also nail-headed, wedge-formed, cuneiform, or cuneatic characters; the oldest written characters used in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh, and Babylon. See Cuneiform.

ARROWROOT Ar"row*root`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A west Indian plant of the genus Maranta, esp. M. arundinacea, now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows.

2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of Maranta arundinacea, and used as food, esp. for children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other plants, as various species of Maranta and Curcuma.

ARROWWOOD Ar"row*wood`, n.

Defn: A shrub (Viburnum dentatum) growing in damp woods and thickets; -- so called from the long, straight, slender shoots.

ARROWWORM Ar"row*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar transparent worm of the genus Sagitta, living at the surface of the sea. See Sagitta.

ARROWY Ar"row*y, a.

1. Consisting of arrows. How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot Sharp sleet of arrowy showers. Milton.

2. Formed or moving like, or in any respect resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing. "His arrowy tongue." Cowper. By the blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone. Byron. With arrowy vitalities, vivacities, and ingenuities. Carlyle.

ARROYO Ar*roy"o, n.; pl Arroyos. Etym: [Sp., fr. LL. arrogium; cf. Gr.

1. A water course; a rivulet.

2. The dry bed of a small stream. [Western U. S.]

ARSCHIN Ar"schin, n.

Defn: See Arshine.

ARSE Arse, n. Etym: [AS. ears; ærs; akin to OHG. ars. G. arsch, D. aars, Sw. ars, Dan. arts, Gr.

Defn: The buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the fundament; the bottom.

ARSENAL Ar"se*nal, n. Etym: [Sp. & F. arsenal arsenal, dockyard, or It. arzanale, arsenale (cf. It. & darsena dock); all fr. Ar. dar house of industry or fabrication; dar house + art, industry.]

Defn: A public establishment for the storage, or for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military equipments, whether for land or naval service.

ARSENATE Ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of arsenic acid.

ARSENIATE Ar*se"ni*ate, n.

Defn: See Arsenate. [R.]

ARSENIC Ar"se*nic, n. Etym: [L. arsenicum, Gr. zernikh: cf. F. arsenic.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at 356º Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native, but usually combined with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony, or sulphur. Orpiment and realgar are two of its sulphur compounds, the first of which is the true arsenticum of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol As.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Arsenious oxide or arsenious anhydride; -- called also arsenious acid, white arsenic, and ratsbane.

ARSENIC Ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; -- said of those compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest equivalence; as, arsenic acid.

ARSENICAL Ar*sen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenical vapor; arsenical wall papers. Arsenical silver, an ore of silver containing arsenic.

ARSENICATE Ar*sen"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arsenicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Arsenicating.]

Defn: To combine with arsenic; to treat or impregnate with arsenic.

ARSENICISM Ar*sen"i*cism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.

ARSENIDE Ar"sen*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of arsenic with a metal, or positive element or radical; -- formerly called arseniuret.

ARSENIFEROUS Ar`sen*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Arsenic + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing arsenic.

ARSENIOUS Ar*se"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. arsénieux.]

1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenious powder or glass.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the highest; as, arsenious acid.

ARSENITE Ar"sen*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arsénite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.

ARSENIURET Ar`se*ni"u*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Arsenide.

ARSENIURETED Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with arsenic; -- said some elementary substances or radicals; as, arseniureted hydrogen. [Also spelt arseniuretted.]

ARSENOPYRITE Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite, n. Etym: [Arsenic + pyrite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a tin-white color and metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; -- also called arsenical pyrites and mispickel.

ARSESMART Arse"smart, n.

Defn: Smartweed; water pepper. Dr. Prior.

ARSHINE Ar"shine, n. Etym: [Russ. arshin, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk. arshin, arshun, ell, yard.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.

ARSINE Ar"sine, n. Etym: [From Arsenic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic; arseniureted hydrogen.

ARSIS Ar"sis, n. Etym: [L. arsis, Gr. lifting of the hand in beating time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]

1. (Pros.) (a) That part of a foot where the ictus is put, or which is distinguished from the rest (known as the thesis) of the foot by a greater stress of voice. Hermann. (b) That elevation of voice now called metrical accentuation, or the rhythmic accent.

Note: It is uncertain whether the arsis originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or longer duration of sound, or in all combined.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar; - - opposed to thesis. Moore.

ARSMETRIKE Ars`met"rike, n. Etym: [An erroneous form of arithmetic, as if from L. ars metrica the measuring art.]

Defn: Arithmetic. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARSON Ar"son, n. Etym: [OF. arson, arsun, fr. L. ardere, arsum, to burn.] (Law)

Defn: The malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man, which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary firing of a building or ship. Wharton.

Note: The definition of this crime is varied by statues in different countries and states. The English law of arson has been considerably modified in the United States; in some of the States it has been materially enlarged, while in others, various degrees of arson have been established, with corresponding punishment. Burrill.

ART Art.

Defn: The second person singular, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb Be; but formed after the analogy of the plural are, with the ending -t, as in thou shalt, wilt, orig. an ending of the second person sing. pret. Cf. Be. Now used only in solemn or poetical style.

ART Art, n. Etym: [F. art, L. ars, artis, orig., skill in joining or fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat, article.]

1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the application of knowledge or power to practical purposes. Blest with each grace of nature and of art. Pope.

2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special work; -- often contradistinguished from science or speculative principles; as, the art of building or engraving; the art of war; the art of navigation. Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is knowledge made efficient by skill. J. F. Genung.

3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business requiring such knowledge or skill. The fishermen can't employ their art with so much success in so troubled a sea. Addison.

4. The application of skill to the production of the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the fine arts; as, he prefers art to literature.

5. pl.

Defn: Those branches of learning which are taught in the academical course of colleges; as, master of arts. In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts. Pope. Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation. Goldsmith.

6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters. [Archaic] So vast is art, so narrow human wit. Pope.

7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation; knack; a, a man has the art of managing his business to advantage.

8. Skillful plan; device. They employed every art to soothe . . . the discontented warriors. Macaulay.

9. Cunning; artifice; craft. Madam, I swear I use no art at all. Shak. Animals practice art when opposed to their superiors in strength. Crabb.

10 10

Defn: To black art; magic. [Obs.] Shak. Art and part (Scots Law), share or concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution; complicity.

Note: The arts are divided into various classes. The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called trades. The fine arts are those which have primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music, painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. The liberal arts (artes liberales, the higher arts, which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue) were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, -- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the arts; master and bachelor of arts. In America, literature and the elegant arts must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity. Irving.

Syn. -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill; dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See Science.

ARTEMIA Ar*te"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the brine shrimp. See Brine shrimp.

ARTEMISIA Ar`te*mi"si*a, n. Etym: [L. Artemisia, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the plants called mugwort, southernwood, and wormwood. Of these A. absinthium, or common wormwood, is well known, and A. tridentata is the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region.

ARTERIAC Ar*te"ri*ac, a. Etym: [L. arteriacus, Gr. Artery.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the windpipe.

ARTERIAL Ar*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. artériel.]

1. Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; as, arterial action; the arterial system.

2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad. Arterial blood, blood which has been changed and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the lungs.

ARTERIALIZATION Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of converting venous blood into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; -- called also aëration and hematosis.

ARTERIALIZE Ar*te"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arterialized; p. pr. & vb. n. Arterializing.]

Defn: To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.

ARTERIOGRAPHY Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A systematic description of the arteries.

ARTERIOLE Ar*te"ri*ole, n. Etym: [NL. arteriola, dim. of L. arteria: cf. F. artériole.]

Defn: A small artery.

ARTERIOLOGY Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of arteries.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Ar*te`ri*o*scle*ro"sis (är*te`ri*o*skle*ro"sis), n. [Gr. 'arthri`a artery + sclerosis.] (Med.)

Defn: Abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, esp. of the intima, occurring mostly in old age. -- Ar*te`ri*o*scle*rot"ic (#), a.

ARTERIOTOMY Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. arteriotomia, Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The opening of an artery, esp. for bloodletting.

2. That part of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the arteries.

ARTERITIS Ar`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [Artery + -etis.]

Defn: Inflammation of an artery or arteries. Dunglison.

ARTERY Ar"ter*y, n.; pl. Artplwies. Etym: [L. arteria windpipe, artery, Gr.

1. The trachea or windpipe. [Obs.] "Under the artery, or windpipe, is the mouth of the stomach." Holland.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the vessels or tubes which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are connected with them by capillaries.

Note: In man and other mammals, the arteries which contain arterialized blood receive it from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta. See Aorta. The pulmonary artery conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the pulmonary veins.

3. Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of communication; as, arteries of trade or commerce.

ARTESIAN Ar*te"sian, a. Etym: [F. artésien, fr. Artois in France, where many such wells have been made since the middle of the last century.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called Artesium), in France. Artesian wells, wells made by boring into the earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually of small diameter and often of great depth.

ARTFUL Art"ful, a. Etym: [From Art.]

1. Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill. [Archaic] "Artful strains." "Artful terms." Milton.

2. Artificial; imitative. Addison.

3. Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or contrivance; dexterous; skillful. He [was] too artful a writer to set down events in exact historical order. Dryden.

4. Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of dealing; crafty; as, an artful boy. [The usual sense.] Artful in speech, in action, and in mind. Pope. The artful revenge of various animals. Darwin.

Syn. -- Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty; tricky; deceitful; designing. See Cunning.

ARTFULLY Art"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In an artful manner; with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.

ARTFULNESS Art"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being artful; art; cunning; craft.

ARTHEN Ar"then, a.

Defn: Same as Earthen. [Obs.] "An arthen pot." Holland.

ARTHRITIC; ARTHRITICAL Ar*thrit"ic, Ar*thrit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. arthriticus, Gr. Arthritis.]

1. Pertaining to the joints. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty. Cowper.

ARTHRITIS Ar*thri"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Any inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.

ARTHROCHONDRITIS Ar`thro*chon*dri"tis, n. [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Chondritis of a joint.

ARTHRODERM Ar"thro*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. 'derm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The external covering of an Arthropod.

ARTHRODESIS Ar*throd"e*sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. joint + a binding together.] (Surg.)

Defn: Surgical fixation of joints.

ARTHRODIA Ar*thro"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of diarthrodial articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so that they form only an imperfect ball and socket.

ARTHRODIAL; ARTHRODIC Ar*thro"di*al, Ar*throd"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arthrodia.

ARTHRODYNIA Ar`thro*dyn"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An affection characterized by pain in or about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease.

ARTHRODYNIC Ar`thro*dyn"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.

ARTHROGASTRA Ar`thro*gas"tra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Arachnida, having the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.; pedipalpi.

ARTHROGRAPHY Ar*throg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The description of joints.

ARTHROLOGY Ar*throl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of joints.

ARTHROMERE Ar"thro*mere, n. Etym: [Gr. -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the body segments of Arthropods. See Arthrostraca. Packard.

ARTHROPATHY Ar*throp"a*thy, n. [Gr. joint + , , to suffer.] (Med.)

Defn: Any disease of the joints.

ARTHROPLEURA Ar`thro*pleu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The side or limb-bearing portion of an arthromere.

ARTHROPOD Ar"thro*pod, n (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arthropoda.

ARTHROPODA Ar*throp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea. -- Ar*throp"o*dal, a.

ARTHROPOMATA Ar`thro*pom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See Branchiopoda.

ARTHROSIS Ar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Articulation.

ARTHROSPORE Ar"thro*spore, n. [Gr. joint + E. spore.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: A bacterial resting cell, -- formerly considered a spore, but now known to occur even in endosporous bacteria. -- Ar`thro*spor"ic (#), Ar*thros"po*rous (#), a.

ARTHROSTRACA Ar*thros"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda.

ARTHROTOME Ar"thro*tome, n. [Gr. joint + to cut.] (Surg.)

Defn: A strong scalpel used in the dissection of joints.

ARTHROZOIC Ar`thro*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Articulata; articulate.

ARTHURIAN Ar*thu"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to King Arthur or his knights. J. R. Symonds.

In magnitude, in interest, and as a literary origin, the Arthurian invention dwarfs all other things in the book. Saintsbury.

ARTIAD Ar"ti*ad, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Even; not odd; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of which is divisible by two without a remainder.

ARTICHOKE Ar"ti*choke, n. Etym: [It. articioc, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco, archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp. alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar. al- harshaf, al-kharsh.] (Bot.)

1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food.

2. See Jerusalem artichoke.

ARTICLE Ar"ti*cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. articulus, dim. of artus joint, akin to Gr. ar to join, fit. See Art, n.]

1. A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various topics; as, an article in the Constitution. Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement; as, articles of agreement.

2. A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.

3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct. [Obs.] A very great revolution that happened in this article of good breeding. Addison. This last article will hardly be believed. De Foe.

4. A distinct part. "Upon each article of human duty." Paley. "Each article of time." Habington. The articles which compose the blood. E. Darwin.

5. A particular one of various things; as, an article of merchandise; salt is a necessary article. They would fight not for articles of faith, but for articles of food. Landor.

6. Precise point of time; moment. [Obs. or Archaic] This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the article of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his prejudice. Evelyn.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: One of the three words, a, an, the, used before nouns to limit or define their application. A (or an) is called the indefinite article, the the definite article.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the segments of an articulated appendage. Articles of Confederation, the compact which was first made by the original thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789. -- Articles of impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a common criminal case. -- Articles of war, rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better government of the army. -- In the article of death Etym: [L. in articulo mortis], at the moment of death; in the dying struggle. -- Lords of the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws. -- The Thirty-nine Articles, statements (thirty-nine in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.

ARTICLE Ar"ti*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Articled; p. pr. & vb. n. Articling.] Etym: [Cf. F. articuler, fr. L. articulare. See Article, n., Articulate.]

1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars. If all his errors and follies were articled against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable. Jer. Taylor.

2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. He shall be articled against in the high court of admiralty. Stat. 33 Geo. III.

3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic.

ARTICLE Ar"ti*cle, v. i.

Defn: To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant. [R.] Then he articled with her that he should go away when he pleased. Selden.

ARTICLED Ar"ti*cled, a.

Defn: Bound by articles; apprenticed; as, an articled clerk.

ARTICULAR Ar*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. articularis: cf. F. articulaire. See Article, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the joints; as, an articular disease; an articular process.

ARTICULAR; ARTICULARY Ar*tic"u*lar, Ar*tic"u*la*ry, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

ARTICULARLY Ar*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an articular or an articulate manner.

ARTICULATA Ar*tic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. from L. articulatus furnished with joints, distinct, p. p. of articulare. See Article, v.] (Zoöl.)

1. One of the four subkingdoms in the classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later writers.

Note: It includes those Invertebrata having the body composed of ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the unsegmented worms (helminths) have also been included; by others it is restricted to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with the Annulosa of some authors. The chief subdivisions are Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the Annelida and allied forms.