Chapter CXLI: Conclusion: Con*clu"sion, n. Etym: F., fr. L. conclusio. See Conclude (50)

Defn: The act or process of dividing by natural growth or spontaneous action; as, the duplication of cartilage cells. Carpenter. Duplication of the cube (Math.), the operation of finding a cube having a volume which is double that of a given cube.

DUPLICATIVE Du"pli*ca*tive, a.

1. Having the quality of duplicating or doubling.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the quality of subdividing into two by natural growth. "Duplicative subdivision." Carpenter.

DUPLICATURE Du"pli*ca*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. duplicature.]

Defn: A doubling; a fold, as of a membrane.

DUPLICITY Du*plic"i*ty, n.; pl. Duplicities. Etym: [F. duplicité, L. duplicitas, fr. duplex double. See Duplex.]

1. Doubleness; a twofold state. [Archaic] Do not affect duplicities nor triplicities, nor any certain number of parts in your division of things. I. Watts.

2. Doubleness of heart or speech; insincerity; a sustained form of deception which consists in entertaining or pretending to entertain one of feelings, and acting as if influenced by another; bad faith. Far from the duplicity wickedly charged on him, he acted his part with alacrity and resolution. Burke.

3. (Law) (a) The use of two or more distinct allegations or answers, where one is sufficient. Blackstone. (b) In indictments, the union of two incompatible offenses. Wharton.

Syn. -- Double dealing; dissimulation; deceit; guile; deception; falsehood.

DUPPER Dup"per, n.

Defn: See 2d Dubber.

DUR Dur, a. Etym: [G., fr. L. durus hard, firm, vigorous.] (Mus.)

Defn: Major; in the major mode; as, C dur, that is, C major.

DURA Du"ra, n.

Defn: Short form for Dura mater.

DURABILITY Du`ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. durabilitas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being durable; the power of uninterrupted or long continuance in any condition; the power of resisting agents or influences which tend to cause changes, decay, or dissolution; lastingness. A Gothic cathedral raises ideas of grandeur in our minds by the size, its height, . . . its antiquity, and its durability. Blair.

DURABLE Du"ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. durabilis, fr. durare to last: cf. F. durable. See Dure.]

Defn: Able to endure or continue in a particular condition; lasting; not perishable or changeable; not wearing out or decaying soon; enduring; as, durable cloth; durable happiness. Riches and honor are with me; yea, durable riches and righteousness. Prov. viii. 18. An interest which from its object and grounds must be so durable. De Quincey.

Syn. -- Lasting; permanent; enduring; firm; stable; continuing; constant; persistent. See Lasting.

DURABLENESS Du"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Power of lasting, enduring, or resisting; durability. The durableness of the metal that supports it. Addison.

DURABLY Du"ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a lasting manner; with long continuance.

DURAL Du"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the dura, or dura mater.

DURA MATER Du"ra ma"ter. Etym: [L., lit., hard mother. The membrane was called mater, or mother, because it was formerly thought to give rise to every membrane of the body.] (Anat.)

Defn: The tough, fibrous membrane, which lines the cavity of the skull and spinal column, and surrounds the brain and spinal cord; -- frequently abbreviated to dura.

DURAMEN Du*ra"men, n. Etym: [L., hardness, a hardened, i. e., ligneous, vine branch, fr. durare to harden. See Dure.] (Bot.)

Defn: The heartwood of an exogenous tree.

DURANCE Dur"ance, n. Etym: [OF. durance duration, fr. L. durans, -antis, p. pr. durare to endure, last. See Dure, and cf. Durant.]

1. Continuance; duration. See Endurance. [Archaic] Of how short durance was this new-made state! Dryden.

2. Imprisonment; restraint of the person; custody by a jailer; duress. Shak. "Durance vile." Burns. In durance, exile, Bedlam or the mint. Pope.

3. (a) A stout cloth stuff, formerly made in imitation of buff leather and used for garments; a sort of tammy or everlasting. Where didst thou buy this buff let me not live but I will give thee a good suit of durance. J. Webster.

(b) In modern manufacture, a worsted of one color used for window blinds and similar purposes.

DURANCY Dur"an*cy, n.

Defn: Duration. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

DURANT Dur"ant, n. Etym: [F. durant, p. pr. of durer to last. Cf. Durance.]

Defn: See Durance, 3.

DURANTE Du*ran"te, prep. Etym: [L., abl. case of the p. pr. of durare to last.] (Law)

Defn: During; as, durante vita, during life; durante bene placito, during pleasure.

DURATION Du*ra"tion, n. Etym: [OF. duration. See Dure.]

Defn: The state or quality of lasting; continuance in time; the portion of time during which anything exists. It was proposed that the duration of Parliament should be limited. Macaulay. Soon shall have passed our own human duration. D. Webster.

DURATIVE Dur"a*tive, a.

Defn: Continuing; not completed; implying duration. Its durative tense, which expresses the thought of it as going on. J. Byrne.

DURBAR Dur"bar, n. Etym: [Hind. darbar, fr. Per dar house, court, hall of audience; dar door, gate + bar court, assembly.]

Defn: An audience hall; the court of a native prince; a state levee; a formal reception of native princes, given by the governor general of India. [India] [Written also darbar.]

DURE Dure, a. Etym: [L. durus; akin to Ir. & Gael. dur , stubborn, W. dir certain, sure, cf. Gr.

Defn: Hard; harsh; severe; rough; toilsome. [R.] The winter is severe, and life is dure and rude. W. H. Russell.

DURE Dure, v. i. Etym: [F. durer, L. durare to harden, be hardened, to endure, last, fr. durus hard. See Dure, a.]

Defn: To last; to continue; to endure. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Yet hath he not root in himself, but dureth for a while. Matt. xiii. 21.

DUREFUL Dure"ful, a.

Defn: Lasting. [Obs.] Spenser.

DURELESS Dure"less, a.

Defn: Not lasting. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

DURENE Du"rene, n. Etym: [L. durus hard; -- so called because solid at ordinary temperatures.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H2(CH3)4, off artificial production, with an odor like camphor.

DURESS Du"ress, n. Etym: [OF. duresse, du, hardship, severity, L. duritia, durities, fr. durus hard. See Dure.]

1. Hardship; constraint; pressure; imprisonment; restraint of liberty. The agreements . . . made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effect of duress and force. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: The state of compulsion or necessity in which a person is influenced, whether by the unlawful restrain of his liberty or by actual or threatened physical violence, to incur a civil liability or to commit an offense.

DURESS Du*ress", v. t.

Defn: To subject to duress. "The party duressed." Bacon.

DURESSOR Du*ress"or, n. (Law)

Defn: One who subjects another to duress Bacon.

DURGA Dur"ga, n. (Myth.)

Defn: Same as Doorga.

DURHAM Dur"ham, n.

Defn: One or a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England. The Durham cattle are noted for their beef-producing quality.

DURIAN; DURION Du"ri*an, or Du"ri*on, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the durio. It is oval or globular, and eight or ten inches long. It has a hard prickly rind, containing a soft, cream-colored pulp, of a most delicious flavor and a very offensive odor. The seeds are roasted and eaten like chestnuts.

DURING Dur"ing, prep. Etym: [Orig., p. pr. of dure.]

Defn: In the time of; as long as the action or existence of; as, during life; during the space of a year.

DURIO Du"ri*o, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Malay d thorn.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit tree (D. zibethinus, the only species known) of the Indian Archipelago. It bears the durian.

DURITY Du"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. duritas, fr. durus hard.] [Obs.]

1. Hardness; firmness. Sir T. Browne.

2. Harshness; cruelty. Cockeram.

DUROMETER Du*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. durus hard + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of hardness; especially, an instrument for testing the relative hardness of steel rails and the like.

DUROUS Du"rous, a. Etym: [L. durus.]

Defn: Hard. [Obs. & R.]

DURRA Dur"ra, n. Etym: [Ar. dhorra.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of millet, cultivated throughout Asia, and introduced into the south of Europe; a variety of Sorghum vulgare; -- called also Indian millet, and Guinea corn. [Written also dhoorra, dhurra, doura, etc.]

DURST Durst, imp.

Defn: of Dare. See Dare, v. i.

DURUKULI Du`ru*ku"li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, nocturnal, South American monkey (Nyctipthecus trivirgatus). [Written also douroucouli.]

DURYLIC Du*ryl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, allied to, or derived from, durene; as, durylic acid.

DUSE Duse, n.

Defn: A demon or spirit. See Deuce.

DUSK Dusk, a. Etym: [OE. dusc, dosc, deosc; cf. dial. Sw. duska to drizzle, dusk a slight shower.

Defn: Tending to darkness or blackness; moderately dark or black; dusky. A pathless desert, dusk with horrid shades. Milton.

DUSK Dusk, n.

1. Imperfect obscurity; a middle degree between light and darkness; twilight; as, the dusk of the evening.

2. A darkish color. Whose duck set off the whiteness of the skin. Dryden.

DUSK Dusk, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk. [Archaic] After the sun is up, that shadow which dusketh the light of the moon must needs be under the earth. Holland.

DUSK Dusk, v. i.

Defn: To grow dusk. [R.] Chaucer.

DUSKEN Dusk"en, v. t.

Defn: To make dusk or obscure. [R.] Not utterly defaced, but only duskened. Nicolls.

DUSKILY Dusk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a dusky manner. Byron.

DUSKINESS Dusk"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusky.

DUSKISH Dusk"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat dusky. " Duskish smoke." Spenser. -- Dusk"ish*ly, adv. -- Dusk"ish*ness, n.

DUSKNESS Dusk"ness, n.

Defn: Duskiness. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

DUSKY Dusk"y, a.

1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous; dusk; as, a dusky valley. Through dusky lane and wrangling mart. Keble.

2. Tending to blackness in color; partially black; dark-colored; not bright; as, a dusky brown. Bacon. When Jove in dusky clouds involves the sky. Dryden. The figure of that first ancestor invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur. Hawthorne.

3. Gloomy; sad; melancholy. This dusky scene of horror, this melancholy prospect. Bentley.

4. Intellectually clouded. Though dusky wits dare scorn astrology. Sir P. Sidney.

DUST Dust, n. Etym: [AS. dust; cf. LG. dust, D. duist meal dust, OD. doest, donst, and G. dunst vapor, OHG. tunist, dunist, a blowing, wind, Icel. dust dust, Dan. dyst mill dust; perh. akin to L. fumus smoke, E. fume. .]

1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind; that which is crumbled too minute portions; fine powder; as, clouds of dust; bone dust. Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19. Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's dust. Byron.

2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] "To touch a dust of England's ground." Shak.

3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead. For now shall sleep in the dust. Job vii. 21.

4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of the human body. And you may carve a shrine about my dust. Tennyson.

5. Figuratively, a worthless thing. And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust. Shak.

6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition. [God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust. 1 Sam. ii. 8.

7. Gold dust; hence: (Slang)

Defn: Coined money; cash. Down with the dust, deposit the cash; pay down the money. [Slang] "My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the days of your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust, and glad he escaped so, returned to Reading." Fuller. -- Dust brand (Bot.), a fungous plant (Ustilago Carbo); -- called also smut. -- Gold dust, fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in placer mining; -- often used as money, being transferred by weight. -- In dust and ashes. See under Ashes. -- To bite the dust. See under Bite, v. t. -- To raise, or kick up, dust, to make a commotion. [Colloq.] -- To throw dust in one's eyes, to mislead; to deceive. [Colloq.]

DUST Dust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Dusting.]

1. To free from dust; to brush, wipe, or sweep away dust from; as, to dust a table or a floor.

2. To sprinkle with dust.

3. To reduce to a fine powder; to levigate. Sprat. To dyst one's jacket, to give one a flogging. [Slang.]

DUSTBRUSH Dust"brush`, n.

Defn: A brush of feathers, bristles, or hair, for removing dust from furniture.

DUSTER Dust"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, dusts; a utensil that frees from dust. Specifically: (a) (Paper Making) A revolving wire-cloth cylinder which removes the dust from rags, etc. (b) (Milling)

Defn: A blowing machine for separating the flour from the bran.

2. A light over-garment, worn in traveling to protect the clothing from dust. [U.S.]

DUSTINESS Dust"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being dusty.

DUSTLESS Dust"less, a.

Defn: Without dust; as a dustless path.

DUSTMAN Dust"man, p.; pl. Dustmen (.

Defn: One whose employment is to remove dirt and defuse. Gay.

DUSTPAN Dust"pan, n.

Defn: A shovel-like utensil for conveying away dust brushed from the floor.

DUST-POINT Dust"-point`, n.

Defn: An old rural game. With any boy at dust-point they shall play. Peacham (1620).

DUSTY Dust"y, a. [Compar. Dustier; superl. Dustiest.] Etym: [AS. dystig. See Dust.]

1. Filled, covered, or sprinkled with dust; clouded with dust; as, a dusty table; also, reducing to dust. And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak.

2. Like dust; of the color of dust; as a dusty white. Dusty miller (Bot.), a plant (Cineraria maritima); -- so called because of the ashy-white coating of its leaves.

DUTCH Dutch, a. Etym: [D. duitsch German; or G. deutsch, orig., popular, national, OD. dietsc, MHG. diutsch, tiutsch, OHG. diutisk, fr. diot, diota, a people, a nation; akin to AS. peód, OS. thiod, thioda, Goth. piuda; cf. Lith. tauta land, OIr. tuath people, Oscan touto. The English have applied the name especially to the Germanic people living nearest them, the Hollanders. Cf. Derrick, Teutonic.]

Defn: Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. Dutch auction. See under Auction. -- Dutch cheese, a small, pound, hard cheese, made from skim milk. -- Dutch clinker, a kind of brick made in Holland. It is yellowish, very hard, and long and narrow in shape. -- Dutch clover (Bot.), common white clover (Trifolium repens), the seed of which was largely imported into England from Holland. -- Dutch concert, a so-called concert in which all the singers sing at the same time different songs. [Slang] -- Dutch courage, the courage of partial intoxication. [Slang] Marryat. -- Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the upper part remains open. -- Dutch foil, Dutch leaf, or Dutch gold, a kind of brass rich in copper, rolled or beaten into thin sheets, used in Holland to ornament toys and paper; -- called also Dutch mineral, Dutch metal, brass foil, and bronze leaf. -- Dutch liquid (Chem.), a thin, colorless, volatile liquid, C2H4Cl2, of a sweetish taste and a pleasant ethereal odor, produced by the union of chlorine and ethylene or olefiant gas; -- called also Dutch oil. It is so called because discovered (in 1795) by an association of four Hollandish chemists. See Ethylene, and Olefiant. -- Dutch oven, a tin screen for baking before an open fire or kitchen range; also, in the United States, a shallow iron kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning coals. -- Dutch pink, chalk, or whiting dyed yellow, and used in distemper, and for paper staining. etc. Weale. -- Dutch rush (Bot.), a species of horsetail rush or Equisetum (E. hyemale) having a rough, siliceous surface, and used for scouring and polishing; -- called also scouring rush, and shave grass. See Equisetum. -- Dutch tile, a glazed and painted ornamental tile, formerly much exported, and used in the jambs of chimneys and the like.

Note: Dutch was formerly used for German. Germany is slandered to have sent none to this war [the Crusades] at this first voyage; and that other pilgrims, passing through that country, were mocked by the Dutch, and called fools for their pains. Fuller.

DUTCH Dutch, n.

1. pl.

Defn: The people of Holland; Dutchmen.

2. The language spoken in Holland.

DUTCHMAN Dutch"man, n.; pl. Dutchmen (.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Holland. Dutchman's breeches (Bot.), a perennial American herb (Dicentra cucullaria), with peculiar double-spurred flowers. See Illust. of Dicentra. -- Dutchman's laudanum (Bot.), a West Indian passion flower (Passiflora Murucuja); also, its fruit. -- Dutchman's pipe (Bot.), an American twining shrub (Aristolochia Sipho). Its flowers have their calyx tubes curved like a tobacco pipe.

DUTEOUS Du"te*ous, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

1. Fulfilling duty; dutiful; having the sentiments due to a superior, or to one to whom respect or service is owed; obedient; as, a duteous son or daughter.

2. Subservient; obsequious. Duteous to the vices of thy mistress. Shak. -- Du"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Du"te*ous*ness, n.

DUTIABLE Du"ti*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Duty.]

Defn: Subject to the payment of a duty; as dutiable goods. [U.S.] All kinds of dutiable merchandise. Hawthorne.

DUTIED Du"tied, a.

Defn: Subjected to a duty. Ames.

DUTIFUL Du"ti*ful, a.

1. Performing, or ready to perform, the duties required by one who has the right to claim submission, obedience, or deference; submissive to natural or legal superiors; obedient, as to parents or superiors; as, a dutiful son or daughter; a dutiful ward or servant; a dutiful subject.

2. Controlled by, proceeding from, a sense of duty; respectful; deferential; as, dutiful affection.

Syn. -- Duteous; obedient; reverent; reverential; submissive; docile; respectful; compliant. -- Du"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Du"ti*ful*ness, n.

DUTY Du"ty, n.; pl. Duties. Etym: [From Due.]

1. That which is due; payment. [Obs. as signifying a material thing.] When thou receivest money for thy labor or ware, thou receivest thy duty. Tyndale.

2. That which a person is bound by moral obligation to do, or refrain from doing; that which one ought to do; service morally obligatory. Forgetting his duty toward God, his sovereign lord, and his country. Hallam.

3. Hence, any assigned service or business; as, the duties of a policeman, or a soldier; to be on duty. With records sweet of duties done. Keble. To employ him on the hardest and most imperative duty. Hallam. Duty is a graver term than obligation. A duty hardly exists to do trivial things; but there may be an obligation to do them. C. J. Smith.

4. Specifically, obedience or submission due to parents and superiors. Shak.

5. Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage. "My duty to you." Shak.

6. (Engin.)

Defn: The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).

7. (Com.)

Defn: Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise; any sum of money required by government to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods.

Note: An impost on land or other real estate, and on the stock of farmers, is not called a duty, but a direct tax. [U.S.] Ad valorem duty, a duty which is graded according to the cost, or market value, of the article taxed. See Ad valorem. -- Specific duty, a duty of a specific sum assessed on an article without reference to its value or market. -- On duty, actually engaged in the performance of one's assigned task.

DUUMVIR Du*um"vir, n.; pl. E. Duumvirs, L. Duumviri. Etym: [L., fr. duo two + vir man.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of two Roman officers or magistrates united in the same public functions.

DUUMVIRAL Du*um"vi*ral, a. Etym: [L. duumviralis.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the duumviri or the duumvirate.

DUUMVIRATE Du*um"vi*rate, n. Etym: [L. duumviratus, fr. duumvir.]

Defn: The union of two men in the same office; or the office, dignity, or government of two men thus associated, as in ancient Rome.

DUX Dux, n. Etym: [L., leader.] (Mus.)

Defn: The scholastic name for the theme or subject of a fugue, the answer being called the comes, or companion.

DUYKERBOK Duy"ker*bok, n. Etym: [D. duiker diver + bok a buck, lit., diver buck. So named from its habit of diving suddenly into the bush.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South African antelope (Cephalous mergens); -- called also impoon, and deloo.

DUYOUNG Du*young", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dugong.