Chapter CDLXXVI: Prologue (127)

5. (Typog.) (a) A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in metal or cut in wood, used in printing. (b) Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of such letters or characters, however disposed.

Note: Type are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood. In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the impression is taken; c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick (sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top; e, the groove made in the process of finishing, -- each type as cast having attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal (formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which, when broken off, leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the letter f, the projection is called a kern. The type which compose an ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, -- in all about two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy type, some three or four hundred varieties of face are made. Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the varieties are -- Old English. Black Letter. Old Style. French Elzevir. Boldface. Antique. Clarendon. Gothic. Typewriter. Script. The smallest body in common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate, nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two- line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two- line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this, the sizes are called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on, being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different sizes up to great primer. Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Diamond . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Pearl . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Agate . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Nonpareil . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Minion . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Brevier . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Bourgeois . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Long primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Small pica . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Pica . . . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz English . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Columbian . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Great primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz The foregoing account is conformed to the designations made use of by American type founders, but is substantially correct for England. Agate, however, is called ruby, in England, where, also, a size intermediate between nonpareil and minion is employed, called emerald. Point system of type bodies (Type Founding), a system adopted by the type founders of the United States by which the various sizes of type have been so modified and changed that each size bears an exact proportional relation to every other size. The system is a modification of a French system, and is based on the pica body. This pica body is divided into twelfths, which are termed "points," and every type body consist of a given number of these points. Many of the type founders indicate the new sizes of type by the number of points, and the old names are gradually being done away with. By the point system type founders cast type of a uniform size and height, whereas formerly fonts of pica or other type made by different founders would often vary slightly so that they could not be used together. There are no type in actual use corresponding to the smaller theoretical sizes of the point system. In some cases, as in that of ruby, the term used designates a different size from that heretofore so called. 1 American 9 Bourgeois | | 1| 2 Saxon 10 Long Primer | | 2| 3 Brilliant 11 Small Pica | | 3| | 4 Excelsior | 4| | 5 Pearl 16 Columbian | | 5| 6 Nonpareil 18 Great Primer | | 7 Minion | 8 Brevier 20 Paragon | | Diagram of the "points" by which sizes of Type are graduated in the "Point System". Type founder, one who casts or manufacture type. -- Type foundry, Type foundery, a place for the manufacture of type. -- Type metal, an alloy used in making type, stereotype plates, etc., and in backing up electrotype plates. It consists essentially of lead and antimony, often with a little tin, nickel, or copper. -- Type wheel, a wheel having raised letters or characters on its periphery, and used in typewriters, printing telegraphs, etc. -- Unity of type (Biol.), that fundamental agreement in structure which is seen in organic beings of the same class, and is quite independent of their habits of life. Darwin.

TYPE Type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typed; p. pr. & vb. n. Typing.]

1. To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure. [R.] White (Johnson).

2. To furnish an expression or copy of; to represent; to typify. [R.] Let us type them now in our own lives. Tennyson.

TYPESETTER Type"set`ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, sets type; a compositor; a machine for setting type.

TYPESETTING Type"set`ting, n.

Defn: The act or art of setting type.

TYPEWRITE Type"write`, v. t. & i.

Defn: To write with a typewriter. [Recent]

TYPEWRITER Type"writ`er, n.

1. An instrument for writing by means of type, a typewheel, or the like, in which the operator makes use of a sort of keyboard, in order to obtain printed impressions of the characters upon paper.

2. One who uses such an instrument.

TYPEWRITING Type"writ`ing, n.

Defn: The act or art of using a typewriter; also, a print made with a typewriter.

TYPHLITIS Typh*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cæcum.

TYPHLOSOLE Typh"lo*sole, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fold of the wall which projects into the cavity of the intestine in bivalve mollusks, certain annelids, starfishes, and some other animals.

TYPHOEAN Ty*pho"ë*an, a. Etym: [L. Typhoius, from Typhoeus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Typhoeus (ti*fo"us), the fabled giant of Greek mythology, having a hundred heads; resembling Typhoeus.

Note: Sometimes incorrectly written and pronounced Ty-phoe''an (, or Ty-phe'' an.

TYPHOID Ty"phoid, a. Etym: [Typhus + -oid: cf. F. typhoïde, Gr. Typhus.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to typhus; resembling typhus; of a low grade like typhus; as, typhoid symptoms. Typhoid fever, a disease formerly confounded with typhus, but essentially different from the latter. It is characterized by fever, lasting usually three or more weeks, diarrhæa with evacuations resembling pea soup in appearance, and prostration and muscular debility, gradually increasing and often becoming profound at the acme of the disease. Its local lesions are a scanty eruption of spots, resembling flea bites, on the belly, enlargement of the spleen, and ulceration of the intestines over the areas occupied by Peyer's glands. The virus, or contagion, of this fever is supposed to be a microscopic vegetable organism, or bacterium. Called also enteric fever. See Peyer's glands. -- Typhoid state, a condition common to many diseases, characterized by profound prostration and other symptoms resembling those of typhus.

TYPHOMALARIAL Ty`pho*ma*la"ri*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to typhoid fever and malaria; as, typhomalarial fever, a form of fever having symptoms both of malarial and typhoid fever.

TYPHOMANIA Ty`pho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Typhus, and Mania.] (Med.)

Defn: A low delirium common in typhus fever.

TYPHON Ty"phon, n. Etym: [Gr. Typhoon.] (Class. Mythol.)

1. According to Hesiod, the son of Typhoeus, and father of the winds, but later identified with him.

Note: By modern writers, Typhon is identified with the Egyptian Set, who represents physical evil. Encyc. Brit.

2. A violent whirlwind; a typhoon. [Obs.] The circling typhon whirled from point to point. Thomson.

TYPHOON Ty*phoon", n. Etym: [Earlier tuffoon, tuffon, Pg. tufao, Ar. tufan a violent storm; probably fr. Gr. tyfw^n, tyfw^s, a violent whirlwind, that rushes upward from the earth, whirling clouds of dust (cf. Typhus); or perhaps from Chin. t'ai-fung a cyclonic wind.]

Defn: A violent whirlwind; specifically, a violent whirlwind occurring in the Chinese seas.

TYPHOS Ty"phos, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Typhus. [Obs.]

TYPHOTOXIN Ty`pho*tox"in, n. Etym: [Typhoid + -toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A basic substance, C7H17NO2, formed from the growth of the typhoid bacillus on meat pulp. It induces in small animals lethargic conditions with liquid dejecta.

TYPHOUS Ty"phous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. typheux.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to typhus; of the nature of typhus.

TYPHUS Ty"phus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. dh smoke.] (Med.)

Defn: A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks, attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and marked by a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also called jail fever, famine fever, putrid fever, spottled fever, etc. See Jail fever, under Jail.

TYPIC Typ"ic, a.

Defn: Typical. "Typic shades." Boyle.

TYPICAL Typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. typicus, Gr. typique. See Type.]

1. Of the nature of a type; representing something by a form, model, or resemblance; emblematic; prefigurative. The Levitical priesthood was only typical of the Christian. Atterbury.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Combining or exhibiting the essential characteristics of a group; as, a typical genus. -- Typ"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Typ"ic*al*ness, n.

TYPIFICATION Typ`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of typifying, or representing by a figure.

TYPIFIER Typ"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, typifies. Bp. Warburton.

TYPIFY Typ"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typified; p. pr. & vb. n. Typifying.] Etym: [Type + -fy.]

Defn: To represent by an image, form, model, or resemblance. Our Savior was typified, indeed, by the goat that was slain, and the scapegoat in the wilderness. Sir T. Browne.

TYPIST Typ"ist, n.

Defn: A person who operates a typewriting machine; a typewriter.

TYPO Ty"po, n. Etym: [An abbreviation of typographer.]

Defn: A compositor. [Colloq.]

TYPOCOSMY Typ"o*cos`my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A representation of the world. [R.]

TYPOGRAPH Ty"po*graph, n. [Type + -graph.]

Defn: A machine for setting type or for casting lines of type and setting them.

TYPOGRAPHER Ty*pog"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Cf. F. typographe. See Typography.]

Defn: A printer. T. Warton.

TYPOGRAPHIC; TYPOGRAPHICAL Ty`po*graph"ic, Ty`po*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. typographique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the act or act of representing by types or symbols; emblematic; figurative; typical. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Of or pertaining to typography or printing; as, the typographic art. -- Ty`po*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

TYPOGRAPHY Ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Type + -graphy: cf. F. typographie.]

1. The act or art of expressing by means of types or symbols; emblematical or hieroglyphic representation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The art of printing with types; the use of types to produce impressions on paper, vellum, etc.

TYPOLITE Typ"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. typolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of plants and animals.

TYPOLITHOGRAPHY Ty`po*li*thog"ra*phy, n. [Gr. type + lithography.]

Defn: A branch of lithography in which impressions from printers' types are transferred to stone for reproduction. -- Ty`po*lith`o*graph"ic (#), a.

TYPOLOGY Ty*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Type + -logy.]

1. (Theol.)

Defn: A discourse or treatise on types.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine of types.

TYPOTHETAE Ty*poth"e*tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. type + Gr.

Defn: Printers; -- used in the name of an association of the master printers of the United States and Canada, called The United Typothetæ of America.

TYRAN Ty"ran, n. Etym: [See Tyrant.]

Defn: A tyrant. [Obs.] Lordly love is such a tyran fell. Spenser.

TYRANNESS Ty"ran*ness, n.

Defn: A female tyrant. [Obs.] "That proud tyranness." Spenser. Akenside.

TYRANNIC; TYRANNICAL Ty*ran"nic, Ty*ran"nic*al, a. Etym: [L. tyrannicus, Gr. tyrannique. See Tyrant.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tyrant; suiting a tyrant; unjustly severe in government; absolute; imperious; despotic; cruel; arbitrary; as, a tyrannical prince; a tyrannical master; tyrannical government. "A power tyrannical." Shak. Our sects a more tyrannic power assume. Roscommon. The oppressor ruled tyrannic where he durst. Pope. -- Ty*ran"nic*al*ly, adv. -- Ty*ran"nic*al*ness, .

TYRANNICIDAL Ty*ran"ni*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tyrannicide, or the murder of a tyrant. Booth.

TYRANNICIDE Ty*ran"ni*ci`de, n. Etym: [L. tyrannicidium the killing of a tyrant, tyrannicida the killer of a tyrant; tyrannus a tyrant + caedere to kill: cf. F. tyrannicide.]

1. The act of killing a tyrant. Hume.

2. One who kills a tyrant.

TYRANNISH Tyr"an*nish, a.

Defn: Like a tyrant; tyrannical. [Obs.] "The proud tyrannish Roman." Gower.

TYRANNIZE Tyr"an*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tyrannized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tyrannizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. tyranniser, Gr.

Defn: To act the tyrant; to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with unjust and oppressive severity; to exercise power others not permitted by law or required by justice, or with a severity not necessary to the ends of justice and government; as, a prince will often tyrannize over his subjects; masters sometimes tyrannize over their servants or apprentices.

TYRANNIZE Tyr"an*nize, v. t.

Defn: To subject to arbitrary, oppressive, or tyrannical treatment; to oppress.

TYRANNOUS Tyr"an*nous, a.

Defn: Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P. Sidney. -- Tyr"an*nous*ly, adv.

TYRANNY Tyr"an*ny, n. Etym: [OE. tirannye, OF. tirannie, F. tyrannie; cf. It. tirannia; Gr. tyrannis. See Tyrant.]

1. The government or authority of a tyrant; a country governed by an absolute ruler; hence, arbitrary or despotic exercise of power; exercise of power over subjects and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, or not requisite for the purposes of government. "Sir," would he [Seneca] say, "an emperor mote need Be virtuous and hate tyranny." Chaucer.

2. Cruel government or discipline; as, the tyranny of a schoolmaster.

3. Severity; rigor; inclemency. The tyranny of the open night's too rough For nature to endure. Shak.

TYRANT Tyr"ant, n. Etym: [OE. tirant, tiraunt, tyraunt, OF. tiran, tirant (probably from confusion with the p. pr. of verbs), F. tyran, L. tyrannus, Gr.

1. An absolute ruler; a sovereign unrestrained by law or constitution; a usurper of sovereignty.

Note: Free governments [in Greece] having superseded the old hereditary sovereignties (basilei^ai), all who obtained absolute power in a state were called ty\rannoi, tyrants, or rather despots; - - for the term rather regards the irregular way in which the power was gained, whether force or fraud, than the way in which it was exercised, being applied to the mild Pisistratus, but not to the despotic kings of Persia. However, the word soon came to imply reproach, and was then used like our tyrant. Liddell & Scott.

2. Specifically, a monarch, or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation, injustice, or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control, which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of government do not require; a cruel master; an oppressor. "This false tyrant, this Nero." Chaucer. Love, to a yielding heart, is a king, but to a resisting, is a tyrant. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of American clamatorial birds belonging to the family Tyrannidæ; -- called also tyrant bird.

Note: These birds are noted for their irritability and pugnacity, and for the courage with which they attack rapacious birds far exceeding them in size and strength. They are mostly plain-colored birds, but often have a bright-colored crown patch. A few species, as the scissorstail, are handsomely colored. The kingbird and pewee are familiar examples. Tyrant flycatcher (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of tyrants which have a flattened bill, toothed at the tip, and resemble the true flycatchers in habits. The Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax Acadicus) and the vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubineus) are examples. -- Tyrant shrike (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of American tyrants of the genus Tyrannus having a strong toothed bill and resembling the strikes in habits. The kingbird is an example.

TYRANT Ty"rant, v. i.

Defn: To act like a tyrant; to play the tyrant; to tyrannical. [Obs.] Fuller.

TYRE Tyre, Etym: [Tamil tayir.]

Defn: Curdled milk. [India]

TYRE Tyre, n. & v.

Defn: Attire. See 2d and 3d Tire. [Obs.]

TYRE Tyre, v. i.

Defn: To prey. See 4th Tire. [Obs.]

TYRIAN Tyr"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Tyrius, from Tyrus Tyre, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Tyre or its people.

2. Being of the color called Tyrian purple. The bright-eyed perch with fins of Tyrian dye. Pope. Tyrian purple, or Tyrian dye, a celebrated purple dye prepared in ancient Tyre from several mollusks, especially Ianthina, Murex, and Purpura. See the Note under Purple, n., 1, and Purple of mollusca, under Purple, n.

TYRIAN Tyr"i*an, n. Etym: [L. Tyrius.]

Defn: A native of Tyre.

TYRO Ty"ro, n.; pl. Tyros. Etym: [L. tiro a newlylevied soldier, a beginner.]

Defn: A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a novice. [Written also tiro.] The management of tyros of eighteen Is difficult. Cowper.

TYROCINY Ty"ro*cin*y, n. Etym: [L. tirocinium first service or trial, fr. tiro. See Tyro.]

Defn: The state of being a tyro, or beginner; apprenticeship. [Obs.] Blount.

TYROLITE Tyr"o*lite, n. Etym: [From Tyrol, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent mineral of a green color and pearly or vitreous luster. It is a hydrous arseniate of copper.

TYRONISM Ty"ro*nism, n.

Defn: The state of being a tyro, or beginner. [Written also tironism.]

TYROSIN Tyr"o*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance present in small amount in the pancreas and spleen, and formed in large quantity from the decomposition of proteid matter by various means, -- as by pancreatic digestion, by putrefaction as of cheese, by the action of boiling acids, etc. Chemically, it consists of oxyphenol and amidopropionic acid, and by decomposition yields oxybenzoic acid, or some other benzol derivative. [Written also tyrosine.]

TYROTOXICON Tyr`o*tox"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A ptomaine discovered by Vaughan in putrid cheese and other dairy products, and producing symptoms similar to cholera infantum. Chemically, it appears to be related to, or identical with, diazobenzol.

TYROTOXINE Tyr`o*tox"ine, n.

Defn: Same as Tyrotoxicon.

TYSONITE Ty"son*ite, n. Etym: [After S. T. Tyson.] (Min.)

Defn: A fluoride of the cerium metals occurring in hexagonal crystals of a pale yellow color. Cf. Fluocerite.

TYSTIE Ty"stie, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. þeisti, Norw. teiste.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

TYTHE Tythe, n.

Defn: See Tithe.

TYTHING Tyth"ing, n.

Defn: See Tithing.

TZAR Tzar, n.

Defn: The emperor of Russia. See Czar.

TZARINA; TZARITZA Tza*ri"na, Tza*rit"za, n.

Defn: The empress of Russia. See Czarina.

TZETZE Tzet"ze, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tsetse.

U

Defn: U, the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet, is a cursive form of the letter V, with which it was formerly used interchangeably, both letters being then used both as vowels and consonants. U and V are now, however, differentiated, U being used only as a vowel or semivowel, and V only as a consonant. The true primary vowel sound of U, in Anglo-Saxon, was the sound which it still retains in most of the languages of Europe, that of long oo, as in tool, and short oo, as in wood, answering to the French ou in tour. Etymologically U is most closely related to o, y (vowel), w, and v; as in two, duet, dyad, twice; top, tuft; sop, sup; auspice, aviary. See V, also O and Y. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 130-144.

UAKARI Ua*ka"ri, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ouakari.

UBEROUS U"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. uber.]

Defn: Fruitful; copious; abundant; plentiful. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

UBERTY U"ber*ty, n. Etym: [L. ubertas.]

Defn: Fruitfulness; copiousness; abundance; plenty. [Obs.] Florio.

UBICATION; UBIETY U`bi*ca"tion, U*bi"e*ty, n. Etym: [NL. ubicatio, ubietas, fr. L. ubi where.]

Defn: The quality or state of being in a place; local relation; position or location; whereness. [R.] Glanvill.

UBIQUARIAN U`bi*qua"ri*an, a.

Defn: Ubiquitous. [R.]

UBIQUIST; UBIQUITARIAN U"bi*quist, U*biq`ui*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere: cf. F. ubiquiste, ubiquitaire. See Ubiquity.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a school of Lutheran divines which held that the body of Christ is present everywhere, and especially in the eucharist, in virtue of his omnipresence. Called also Ubiquitist, Ubiquitary.

UBIQUITARINESS U*biq"ui*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being ubiquitary, or ubiquitous. [R.] Fuller.

UBIQUITARY U*biq"ui*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere. See Ubiquitarian.]

Defn: Ubiquitous. Howell.

UBIQUITARY U*biq"ui*ta*ry, n.; pl. Ubiquitaries (.

1. One who exists everywhere. B. Jonson.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A ubiquist. Bp. Hall.

UBIQUITIST U*biq"ui*tist, n.

Defn: Same as Ubiquist.

UBIQUITOUS U*biq"ui*tous, a. Etym: [See Ubiquity.]

Defn: Existing or being everywhere, or in all places, at the same time; omnipresent. -- U*biq"ui*tous*ly, adv. In this sense is he ubiquitous. R. D. Hitchcock.

UBIQUITY U*biq"ui*ty, n. Etym: [L. ubique everywhere, fr. ubi where, perhaps for cubi, quobi (cf. alicubi anywhere), and if so akin to E. who: cf. F. ubiquité.]

1. Existence everywhere, or in places, at the same time; omnipresence; as, the ubiquity of God is not disputed by those who admit his existence. The arms of Rome . . . were impeded by . . . the wide spaces to be traversed and the ubiquity of the enemy. C. Merivale.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine, as formulated by Luther, that Christ's glorified body is omnipresent.

UCHEES U"chees, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians belonging to the Creek confederation.

UCKEWALLIST Uck`e*wal"list, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of rigid Anabaptists, which originated in 1637, and whose tenets were essentially the same as those of the Mennonists. In addition, however, they held that Judas and the murderers of Christ were saved. So called from the founder of the sect, Ucke Wallis, a native of Friesland. Eadie.

UDAL U"dal (u"dal), n. Etym: [Icel. oedhal allodium, an hereditary estate; akin to Sw. odal allodial, Dan. odel.]

Defn: In Shetland and Orkney, a freehold; property held by udal, or allodial, right.

UDAL U"dal, a.

Defn: Allodial; -- a term used in Finland, Shetland, and Orkney. See Allodial. Burrill.

UDAL; UDALBORN; UDALER; UDALMAN U"dal, n. & a. U"dal*born`, U"dal*er, U"dal*man, etc.

Defn: Vars. of Odal, etc. Obs. exc. in Shetland and the Orkney Islands, where udal designates land held in fee simple without any charter and free of any feudal character.

UDALER; UDALMAN U"dal*er, U"dal*man, n.

Defn: In the Shetland and Orkney Islands, one who holds property by udal, or allodial, right. Sir W. Scott.

UDDER Ud"der, n. Etym: [OE. uddir, AS. uder; akin to D. uijer, G. euter, OHG. utar, utiro, Icel. jugr, Sw. jufver, jur, Dan. yver, L. uber, Gr. o"y^qar, Skr. udhar. *216. Cf. Exuberant.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; -- popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma. A lioness, with udders all drawn dry. Shak.

2. One of the breasts of a woman. [R.] Yon Juno of majestic size, With cowlike udders, and with oxlike eyes. Pope.

UDDERED Ud"dered, a.

Defn: Having an udder or udders.

UDDERLESS Ud"der*less, a.

1. Destitute or deprived of an udder.

2. Hence, without mother's milk; motherless; as, udderless lambs. [Poetic] Keats.

UDOMETER U*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. udus wet, moist + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A rain gauge.

UGH Ugh (oo), interj.

Defn: An exclamation expressive of disgust, horror, or recoil. Its utterance is usually accompanied by a shudder.

UGLESOME Ug"le*some, a. [Ugly.]

Defn: Ugly. [Obs.] "Such an uglesome countenance." Latimer.

UGLIFY Ug"li*fy, v. t. Etym: [Ugly + -fy.]

Defn: To disfigure; to make ugly. [R.] Mad. D'Arblay.

UGLILY Ug"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ugly manner; with deformity.

UGLINESS Ug"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ugly.

UGLY Ug"ly, a. [Compar. Uglier; superl. Ugliest.] Etym: [Icel. uggligr fearful, dreadful; uggr fear (akin to ugga to fear) + -ligr (akin to E. -ly, like). Awe.]

1. Offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; being of disagreeable or loathsome aspect; unsightly; repulsive; deformed. The ugly view of his deformed crimes. Spenser. Like the toad, ugly and venomous. Shak. O, I have passed a miserable night, So full of ugly sights, of ghastly dreams. Shak.

2. Ill-natured; crossgrained; quarrelsome; as, an ugly temper; to feel ugly. [Colloq. U. S.]

3. Unpleasant; disagreeable; likely to cause trouble or loss; as, an ugly rumor; an ugly customer. [Colloq.]

UGLY Ug"ly, n.

Defn: A shade for the face, projecting from the bonnet. [Colloq. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

UGLY Ug"ly, v. t.

Defn: To make ugly. [R.] Richardson.

UGRIAN U"gri*an, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Mongolian race, ancestors of the Finns. [Written also Uigrian.]

UGSOME Ug"some, a. [Ugly.]

Defn: Ugly; offensive; loathsome. [Obs.] -- Ug"some*ness, n. [Obs.] "The horror and ugsomeness of death." Latimer.

UHLAN Uh"lan, n. Etym: [G. uhlan, Pol. ulan, hulan, from Turk. oglan a youth, lad; of Tartar origin.] [Written also ulan, and formerly hulan.]

1. One of a certain description of militia among the Tartars.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a kind of light cavalry of Tartaric origin, first introduced into European armies in Poland. They are armed with lances, pistols, and sabers, and are employed chiefly as skirmishers.

UINTATHERIUM U*in`ta*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Uinta, the Indian name of the region where the animals were discovered + Gr. qhri`on beast.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of large Eocene ungulates allied to Dinoceras. This name is sometimes used for nearly all the known species of the group. See Dinoceras.

UITLANDER Uit"land`er, n. [D. Cf. Outlander.]

Defn: A foreigner; an outlander. [South Africa]

UKASE U*kase", n. Etym: [F., fr. Russ. ukas'; pref. u- + kazate to show, to say.]

Defn: In Russia, a published proclamation or imperial order, having the force of law.

ULAN U"lan, n.

Defn: See Uhlan.

ULARBURONG U*lar"bu*rong, n. Etym: [From the native Malay name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large East Indian nocturnal tree snake (Dipsas dendrophila). It is not venomous.

ULCER Ul"cer, n. Etym: [F. ulcère, L. ulcus, gen. ulceris, akin to Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body, discharging purulent matter, found on a surface, especially one of the natural surfaces of the body, and originating generally in a constitutional disorder; a sore discharging pus. It is distinguished from an abscess, which has its beginning, at least, in the depth of the tissues.

2. Fig.: Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice in character. Cold ulcer (Med.), an ulcer on a finger or toe, due to deficient circulation and nutrition. In such cases the extremities are cold.

ULCER Ul"cer, v. t.

Defn: To ulcerate. [R.] Fuller.

ULCERABLE Ul"cer*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of ulcerating.

ULCERATE Ul"cer*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ulcerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ulcerating.] Etym: [L. ulceratus, p. p. of ulcerare, fr. ulcus ulcer.]

Defn: To be formed into an ulcer; to become ulcerous.

ULCERATE Ul"cer*ate, v. t.

Defn: To affect with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers. Harvey.

ULCERATED Ul"cer*a`ted, a.

Defn: Affected with, or as with, an ulcer or ulcers; as, an ulcerated sore throat.

ULCERATION Ul`cer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ulceratio: cf. F. ulcération.] (Med.)

Defn: The process of forming an ulcer, or of becoming ulcerous; the state of being ulcerated; also, an ulcer.

ULCERATIVE Ul"cer*a*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ulcers; as, an ulcerative process.

ULCERED Ul"cered, a.

Defn: Ulcerous; ulcerated.

ULCEROUS Ul"cer*ous, a. Etym: [L. ulcerous: cf. F. ulcéreux.]

1. Having the nature or character of an ulcer; discharging purulent or other matter. R. Browning.

2. Affected with an ulcer or ulcers; ulcerated. It will but skin and film the ulcerous place. Shak. -- Ul"cer*ous*ly, adv. -- Ul"cer*ous*ness, n.

ULCUSCLE; ULCUSCULE Ul"cus*cle, Ul*cus"cule, n. Etym: [L. ulcusculum, dim. of ulcus. See Ulcer.]

Defn: A little ulcer. [R.]

ULE U"le, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican and Central American tree (Castilloa elastica and C. Markhamiana) related to the breadfruit tree. Its milky juice contains caoutchouc. Called also ule tree.

ULEMA U*le"ma, n. Etym: [Ar. 'ulema the wise or learned men, pl. of 'alim wise, learned, fr. alima to know.]

Defn: A college or corporation in Turkey composed of the hierarchy, namely, the imams, or ministers of religion, the muftis, or doctors of law, and the cadis, or administrators of justice.

ULEXITE U"lex*ite, n. Etym: [After a German chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in white rounded crystalline masses. It is a hydrous borate of lime and soda.

ULIGINOSE; ULIGINOUS U*lig"i*nose`, U*lig"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. uliginosus, fr. uligo, - inis, moisture, fr. uvere to be moist.]

Defn: Muddy; oozy; slimy; also, growing in muddy places. [R.] Woodward.

ULLAGE Ul"lage (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. eullage, ovillage, the filling up of a cask, fr. ouillier, oillier, euillier, to fill a wine cask; properly, to add oil to prevent evaporation, as to a flask that is nearly full, fr. OF. oile oil. See Oil.] (Com.)

Defn: The amount which a vessel, as a cask, of liquor lacks of being full; wantage; deficiency.

ULLET Ul"let, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. hullote, E. howlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European owl (Syrnium aluco) of a tawny color; -- called also uluia.

ULLMANNITE Ull"mann*ite, n. Etym: [So named after J. C. Ullman, a German chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: A brittle mineral of a steel-gray color and metallic luster, containing antimony, arsenic, sulphur, and nickel.

ULLUCO Ul*lu"co, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Melluc.

ULMACEOUS Ul*ma"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a suborder of urticaceous plants, of which the elm is the type.

ULMATE Ul"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ulmic acid.

ULMIC Ul"mic, a. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to ulmin; designating an acid obtained from ulmin.

ULMIN Ul"min, n. Etym: [L. ulmus an elm: cf. F. ulmine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A brown amorphous substance found in decaying vegetation. Cf. Humin. [Formerly written ulmine.]

ULMUS Ul"mus, n. Etym: [L., an elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the elm.

ULNA Ul"na, n. Etym: [L., the elbow. See Ell.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The postaxial bone of the forearm, or branchium, corresponding to the fibula of the hind limb. See Radius.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An ell; also, a yard. Burrill.

ULNAGE Ul"nage, n. Etym: [See Ulna, and cf. Alnage.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Measurement by the ell; alnage.

ULNAR Ul"nar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ulna, or the elbow; as, the ulnar nerve.

ULNARE Ul*na"re, n.; pl. Ulnaria. Etym: [NL. See Ulna.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus, which articulates with the ulna and corresponds to the cuneiform in man.

ULODENDRON U`lo*den"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil trees.

ULOID U"loid, a. [Written also ouloid.] [Gr. scar + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a scar; scarlike.

ULONATA U`lo*na"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects nearly equivalent to the true Orthoptera.

ULOTRICHAN U*lot"ri*chan, a. (Anthropol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ulotrichi. -- n.

Defn: One of the Ulotrichi.

ULOTRICHI U*lot"ri*chi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anthropol.)

Defn: The division of mankind which embraces the races having woolly or crispy hair. Cf. Leiotrichi.

ULOTRICHOUS U*lot"ri*chous, a. (Anthropol.)

Defn: Having woolly or crispy hair; -- opposed to leiotrichous.

ULSTER Ul"ster, n.

Defn: A long, loose overcoat, worn by men and women, originally made of frieze from Ulster, Ireland.

ULTERIOR Ul*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., comp. of ultra, ultro, beyond, on the other side, properly cases of an old adjective, formed with a comparative suffix, which is akin to OL. uls beyond, L. olim formerly, hereafter, orig., at that time, ille that, OL. olle, ollus. Cf. Outrage.]

1. Situated beyond, or on the farther side; thither; -- correlative with hither.

2. Further; remoter; more distant; succeeding; as, ulterior demands or propositions; ulterior views; what ulterior measures will be adopted is uncertain. Ulterior object or aim, an object or aim beyond that which is avowed.

ULTERIOR Ul*te"ri*or, n.

Defn: Ulterior side or part. [R.] Coleridge.

ULTERIORLY Ul*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: More distantly or remotely.

ULTIMA Ul"ti*ma, a. Etym: [L., fem. ultimus last.]

Defn: Most remote; furthest; final; last. Ultima ratio Etym: [L.], the last reason or argument; the last resort. -- Ultima Thule. [L.] See Thule.

ULTIMA Ul"ti*ma, n. Etym: [L., fem. of ultimus last.] (Gram. & Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable of a word.

ULTIMATE Ul"ti*mate, a. Etym: [LL. ultimatus last, extreme, fr. L. ultimare to come to an end, fr. ultimus the farthest, last, superl. from the same source as ulterior. See Ulterior, and cf. Ultimatum.]

1. Farthest; most remote in space or time; extreme; last; final. My harbor, and my ultimate repose. Milton. Many actions apt to procure fame are not conductive to this our ultimate happiness. Addison.

2. Last in a train of progression or consequences; tended toward by all that precedes; arrived at, as the last result; final. Those ultimate truths and those universal laws of thought which we can not rationally contradict. Coleridge.

3. Incapable of further analysis; incapable of further division or separation; constituent; elemental; as, an ultimate constituent of matter. Ultimate analysis (Chem.), organic analysis. See under Organic. -- Ultimate belief. See under Belief. -- Ultimate ratio (Math.), the limiting value of a ratio, or that toward which a series tends, and which it does not pass.

Syn. -- Final; conclusive. See Final.

ULTIMATE Ul"ti*mate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Ultimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ultimating.]

1. To come or bring to an end; to eventuate; to end. [R.]

2. To come or bring into use or practice. [R.]

ULTIMATELY Ul"ti*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: As a final consequence; at last; in the end; as, afflictions often tend to correct immoral habits, and ultimately prove blessings.

ULTIMATION Ul`ti*ma"tion, n.

Defn: State of being ultimate; that which is ultimate, or final; ultimatum. [R.] Swift.

ULTIMATUM Ul`ti*ma"tum, n.; pl. E. Ultimatums, L. Ultimata. Etym: [NL. See Ultimate.]

Defn: A final proposition, concession, or condition; especially, the final propositions, conditions, or terms, offered by either of the parties in a diplomatic negotiation; the most favorable terms a negotiator can offer, the rejection of which usually puts an end to the hesitation.

ULTIME Ul"time, a.

Defn: Ultimate; final. [Obs.] Bacon.

ULTIMITY Ul*tim"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. ultimatus extremity, fr. L. ultimus the last.]

Defn: The last stage or consequence; finality. [Obs.] Bacon.

ULTIMO Ul"ti*mo. Etym: [L. ultimo (mense) in the last month.]

Defn: In the month immediately preceding the present; as, on the 1st ultimo; -- usually abbreviated to ult. Cf. Proximo.

ULTION Ul"tion, n. Etym: [L. ultio.]

Defn: The act of taking vengeance; revenge. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ULTRA- Ul"tra-, a.

Defn: A prefix from the Latin ultra beyond (see Ulterior), having in composition the signification beyond, on the other side, chiefly when joined with words expressing relations of place; as, ultramarine, ultramontane, ultramundane, ultratropical, etc. In other relations it has the sense of excessively, exceedingly, beyond what is common, natural, right, or proper; as, ultraconservative; ultrademocratic, ultradespotic, ultraliberal, ultraradical, etc.

ULTRA Ul"tra, a. Etym: [See Ultra-.]

Defn: Going beyond others, or beyond due limit; extreme; fanatical; uncompromising; as, an ultra reformer; ultra measures.

ULTRA Ul"tra, n.

Defn: One who advocates extreme measures; an ultraist; an extremist; a radical. Brougham.

ULTRAGASEOUS Ul`tra*gas"e*ous, a. [Pref. ultra + gaseous.] (Physics)

Defn: Having the properties exhibited by gases under very low pressures (one millionth of an atmosphere or less). Matter under this condition, which has been termed the fourth state of matter, is sometimes called radiant matter.

ULTRAGE Ul"trage, n.

Defn: Outrage. [Obs.]

ULTRAISM Ul"tra*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ultraïsme. See Ultra-.]

Defn: The principles of those who advocate extreme measures, as radical reform, and the like. Dr. H. More.

ULTRAIST Ul"tra*ist, n.

Defn: One who pushes a principle or measure to extremes; an extremist; a radical; an ultra.

ULTRAMARINE Ul`tra*ma*rine", a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + marine.]

Defn: Situated or being beyond the sea. Burke.

ULTRAMARINE Ul`tra*ma*rine", n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. ultramarino. So called because the lapis lazuli was originally brought from beyond the sea, -- from Asia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A blue pigment formerly obtained by powdering lapis lazuli, but now produced in large quantities by fusing together silica, alumina, soda, and sulphur, thus forming a glass, colored blue by the sodium polysulphides made in the fusion. Also used adjectively. Green ultramarine, a green pigment obtained as a first product in the manufacture of ultramarine, into which it is changed by subsequent treatment. -- Ultramarine ash or ashes (Paint.), a pigment which is the residuum of lapis lazuli after the ultramarine has been extracted. It was used by the old masters as a middle or neutral tint for flesh, skies, and draperies, being of a purer and tenderer gray that produced by the mixture of more positive colors. Fairholt.

ULTRAMONTANE Ul`tra*mon"tane, Etym: [LL. ultramontanus; L. ultra beyond + montanus belonging to a mountain, from mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. ultramontain, It. ultramontano. See Ultra-, and Mountain.]

Defn: Being beyond the mountains; specifically, being beyond the Alps, in respect to the one who speaks.

Note: This term was first applied, somewhat contemptuously, by the Italians, to the nations north of the Alps, especially the Germans and French, their painters, jurists, etc. At a later period, the French and Germans applied it to the Italians. It is now more particularly used in respect to religious matters; and ultramontane doctrines, when spoken of north of the Alps, denote the extreme views of the pope's rights and supremacy maintained by Bellarmin and other Italian writers.

ULTRAMONTANE Ul`tra*mon"tane, n.

1. One who resides beyond the mountains, especially beyond the Alps; a foreigner.

2. One who maintains extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy. See Ultramontanism.

ULTRAMONTANISM Ul`tra*mon"ta*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ultramontanisme.]

Defn: The principles of those within the Roman Catholic Church who maintain extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy; -- so used by those living north of the Alps in reference to the Italians; -- rarely used in an opposite sense, as referring to the views of those living north of the Alps and opposed to the papal claims. Cf. Gallicanism.

ULTRAMONTANIST Ul`tra*mon"ta*nist, n.

Defn: One who upholds ultramontanism.

ULTRAMUNDANE Ul`tra*mun"dane, a. Etym: [L. ultramundanus. See Ultra-, and Mundane.]

Defn: Being beyond the world, or beyond the limits of our system. Boyle.

ULTRARED Ul`tra*red", a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + red.] (Physics)

Defn: Situated beyond or below the red rays; as, the ultrated rays of the spectrum, which are less refrangible than the red.

ULTRATROPICAL Ul`tra*trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + tropical.]

Defn: Situated beyond, or outside of, the tropics; extratropical; also, having an excessively tropical temperature; warmer than the tropics.

ULTRAVIOLET Ul`tra*vi"o*let, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + violet.] (Physics)

Defn: Lying outside the visible spectrum at its violet end; -- said of rays more refrangible than the extreme violet rays of the spectrum.

ULTRA VIRES Ul`tra vi"res, Etym: [Law Latin, from L. prep. ultra beyond + vires, pl. of. vis strength.]

Defn: Beyond power; transcending authority; -- a phrase used frequently in relation to acts or enactments by corporations in excess of their chartered or statutory rights.

ULTRAZODIACAL Ul`tra*zo*di"a*cal, a. Etym: [Pref. ultra- + zodiacal.] (Astron.)

Defn: Outside the zodiac; being in that part of the heavens that is more than eight degrees from the ecliptic; as, ultrazodiacal planets, that is, those planets which in part of their orbits go beyond the zodiac.

ULTRONEOUS Ul*tro"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. ultroneus, from ultro to the further side, on his part, of one's own accord. See Ultra-.]

Defn: Spontaneous; voluntary. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Ul*tro"ne*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Ul*tro"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

ULULA Ul"u*la, n. Etym: [L., a screech owl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of owls including the great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) of Arctic America, and other similar species. See Illust. of Owl.

ULULANT Ul"u*lant, a.

Defn: Howling; wailing.

ULULATE Ul"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ululated; p. pr. & vb. n. Ululating.] Etym: [L. ululatus, p. p. of ululare to howl, yell, shriek.]

Defn: To howl, as a dog or a wolf; to wail; as, ululating jackals. Sir T. Herbert.

ULULATION Ul`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ululatio.]

Defn: A howling, as of a dog or wolf; a wailing. He may fright others with his ululation. Wither.

ULVA Ul"va, n. Etym: [L., sedge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of thin papery bright green seaweeds including the kinds called sea lettuce.

UMBE Um"be, prep. Etym: [AS. ymbe; akin to OHG. umbi, G. um. Cf. Amb-.]

Defn: About. [Obs.] Layamon.

UMBECAST Um"be*cast`, v. i. Etym: [Umbe + cast.]

Defn: To cast about; to consider; to ponder. [Obs.] Sir T. Malory.

UMBEL Um"bel, n. Etym: [L. umbella a little shadow, umbrella, dim. of umbra shade. See Umbrella.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of flower cluster in which the flower stalks radiate from a common point, as in the carrot and milkweed. It is simple or compound; in the latter case, each peduncle bears another little umbel, called umbellet, or umbellule.

UMBELLAR Um"bel*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an umbel; having the form of an umbel.

UMBELLATE; UMBELLATED Um"bel*late, Um"bel*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. umbellatus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing umbels; pertaining to an umbel; umbel-like; as, umbellate plants or flowers.

UMBELLET Um"bel*let, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small or partial umbel; an umbellule.

UMBELLIC Um*bel"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, certain umbelliferous plants; as, umbellic acid. Umbellic acid. (Chem.) (a) Anisic acid. [Obs.] (b) A yellow powder obtained from umbelliferone.

UMBELLIFER Um*bel"li*fer, n. Etym: [NL. See Umbelliferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant producing an umbel or umbels.

UMBELLIFERONE Um`bel*lif"er*one, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless white crystalline substance, C9H6O3, found in the bark of a certain plant (Daphne Mezereum), and also obtained by the distillation of certain gums from the Umbelliferæ, as galbanum, asafetida, etc. It is analogous to coumarin. Called also hydroxy- coumarin.

UMBELLIFEROUS Um`bel*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Umbel + -ferous: cf. F. ombillifère.] (Bot.) (a) Producing umbels. (b) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Umbelliferæ) of plants, of which the parsley, carrot, parsnip, and fennel are well-known examples.

UMBELLULARIA Um*bel`lu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. Umbellule.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of deep-sea alcyonaria consisting of a cluster of large flowerlike polyps situated at the summit of a long, slender stem which stands upright in the mud, supported by a bulbous base.

UMBELLULE Um"bel*lule, n. Etym: [NL. umbellula, dim. of umbella: cf. F. ombellule.] (Bot.)

Defn: An umbellet.

UMBER Um"ber, n. Etym: [F. ombre ocherous ore of iron, terre d'ombre, It. terra d'ombra, literally, earth of shadow or shade, L. umbra shadow, shade. Cf. Umber, 3 & 4, Umbrage.]

1. (Paint.)

Defn: A brown or reddish pigment used in both oil and water colors, obtained from certain natural clays variously colored by the oxides of iron and manganese. It is commonly heated or burned before being used, and is then called burnt umber; when not heated, it is called raw umber. See Burnt umber, below.

2. An umbrere. [Obs.]

3. Etym: [F. ombre, umbre, L. umbra.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Grayling, 1.

4. Etym: [Cf. NL. scopus umbretta, F. ombrette; probably fr. L. umbra shade, in allusion to its dark brown color. See Umber a pigment.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African wading bird (Scopus umbretta) allied to the storks and herons. It is dull dusky brown, and has a large occipital crest. Called also umbrette, umbre, and umber bird. Burnt umber (Paint.), a pigment made by burning raw umber, which is changed by this process from an olive brown to a bright reddish brown. -- Cologne, or German, umber, a brown pigment obtained from lignite. See Cologne earth.

UMBER Um"ber, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to umber; resembling umber; olive-brown; dark brown; dark; dusky. Their harps are of the umber shade That hides the blush of waking day. J. R. Drake.

UMBER Um"ber, v. t.

Defn: To color with umber; to shade or darken; as, to umber over one's face. B. Jonson.

UMBERY Um"ber*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to umber; like umber; as, umbery gold.

UMBILIC Um*bil"ic, n. Etym: [From L. umbilicus: cf. F. ombilic. See Navel.]

1. The navel; the center. [Obs.] "The umbilic of the world." Sir T. Herbert.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: An umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5 (b).

UMBILIC Um*bil"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Umbilical, 1.

UMBILICAL Um*bil"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ombilical. See Umbilic, n.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an umbilicus, or umbilical cord; umbilic.

2. Pertaining to the center; central. [R.] De Foe. Umbilical cord. (a) (Anat.) The cord which connects the fetus with the placenta, and contains the arteries and the vein through which blood circulates between the fetus and the placenta; the navel-string. (b) (Bot.) The little stem by which the seeds are attached to the placenta; -- called also funicular cord. -- Umbilical hernia (Med.), hernia of the bowels at the umbilicus. -- Umbilical point (Geom.), an umbilicus. See Umbilicus, 5. -- Umbilical region (Anat.), the middle region of the abdomen, bounded above by the epigastric region, below by the hypogastric region, and on the sides by the lumbar regions. -- Umbilical vesicle (Anat.), a saccular appendage of the developing embryo, containing the nutritive and unsegmented part of the ovum; the yolk sac. See Illust. in Appendix.

UMBILICATE; UMBILICATED Um*bil"i*cate, Um*bil"i*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. umbilicatus. See Umbilic.] (a) Depressed in the middle, like a navel, as a flower, fruit, or leaf; navel-shaped; having an umbilicus; as, an umbilicated smallpox vesicle. (b) (Bot.) Supported by a stalk at the central point.

UMBILICATION Um*bil"i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A slight, navel-like depression, or dimpling, of the center of a rounded body; as, the umbilication of a smallpox vesicle; also, the condition of being umbilicated.

UMBILICUS Um`bi*li"cus, n. Etym: [L. See Umbilic.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The depression, or mark, in the median line of the abdomen, which indicates the point where the umbilical cord separated from the fetus; the navel.

2. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ornamented or painted ball or boss fastened at each end of the stick on which manuscripts were rolled. Dr. W. Smith.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The hilum.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) A depression or opening in the center of the base of many spiral shells. (b) Either one of the two apertures in the calamus of a feather.

5. (Geom.) (a) One of foci of an ellipse, or other curve. [Obs.] (b) A point of a surface at which the curvatures of the normal sections are all equal to each other. A sphere may be osculatory to the surface in every direction at an umbilicus. Called also umbilic.

UMBLE PIE Um"ble pie`.

Defn: A pie made of umbles. See To eat humble pie, under Humble.

UMBLES Um"bles, n. pl. Etym: [See Nombles.]

Defn: The entrails and coarser parts of a deer; hence, sometimes, entrails, in general. [Written also humbles.] Johnson.

UMBO Um"bo, n.; pl. L. Umbones, E. Umbos. Etym: [L.]

1. The boss of a shield, at or near the middle, and usually projecting, sometimes in a sharp spike.

2. A boss, or rounded elevation, or a corresponding depression, in a palate, disk, or membrane; as, the umbo in the integument of the larvæ of echinoderms or in the tympanic membrane of the ear.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral prominence just above the hinge of a bivalve shell.

UMBONATE; UMBONATED Um"bo*nate, Um"bo*na`ted, a. Etym: [NL. umbonatus. See Umbo.]

Defn: Having a conical or rounded projection or protuberance, like a boss.

UMBRA Um"bra, n.; pl. Umbræ. Etym: [L., a shadow.]

1. (Astron.) (a) The conical shadow projected from a planet or satellite, on the side opposite to the sun, within which a spectator could see no portion of the sun's disk; -- used in contradistinction from penumbra. See Penumbra. (b) The central dark portion, or nucleus, of a sun spot. (c) The fainter part of a sun spot; -- now more commonly called penumbra.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sciænoid food fishes of the genus Umbrina, especially the Mediterranean species (U. cirrhosa), which is highly esteemed as a market fish; -- called also ombre, and umbrine. Umbra tree (Bot.), a tree (Phytolacca diocia) of the same genus as pokeweed. It is native of South America, but is now grown in southern Europe. It has large dark leaves, and a somber aspect. The juice of its berries is used for coloring wine. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

UMBRACULIFEROUS Um*brac`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. umbraculum umbrella (dim. of umbra shade) + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing something like an open umbrella.

UMBRACULIFORM Um*brac`u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. umbraculum any thing that furnishes shade, a bower, umbrella (dim. of umbra a shade) + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of anything that serves to shade, as a tree top, an umbrella, and the like; specifically (Bot.), having the form of an umbrella; umbrella-shaped.

UMBRAGE Um"brage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. ombrage shade, suspicion, umbrage, L. umbraticus belonging to shade, fr. umbra a shade. Cf. Umber, Umbratic.]

1. Shade; shadow; obscurity; hence, that which affords a shade, as a screen of trees or foliage. Where highest woods, impenetrable To star or sunlight, spread their umbrage broad. Milton.

2. Shadowy resemblance; shadow. [Obs.] The opinion carries no show of truth nor umbrage of reason on its side. Woodward.

3. The feeling of being overshadowed; jealousy of another, as standing in one's light or way; hence, suspicion of injury or wrong; offense; resentment. Which gave umbrage to wiser than myself. Evelyn. Persons who feel most umbrage from the overshadowing aristocracy. Sir W. Scott.

UMBRAGEOUS Um*bra"geous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ombraqeux shy, skittish, suspicious, in OF. also, shady. See Umbrage.]

1. Forming or affording a shade; shady; shaded; as, umbrageous trees or foliage. Umbrageous grots and caves Of cool recess, o'er which the mantling vine Lays forth her purple grape. Milton.

2. Not easily perceived, as if from being darkened or shaded; obscure. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. Feeling jealousy or umbrage; taking, or disposed to take, umbrage; suspicious. [Obs.] Bp. Warburton. -- Um*bra"geous*ly, adv. -- Um*bra"geous*ness, n.

UMBRATE Um"brate, v. t. Etym: [L. umbratus, p. p. of umbrare to shade, fr. umbra a shade.]

Defn: To shade; to shadow; to foreshadow. [Obs.]

UMBRATIC; UMBRATICAL Um*brat"ic, Um*brat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. umbraticus, from umbra shade. See Umbrage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the shade or darkness; shadowy; unreal; secluded; retired. [R.] B. Jonson.

UMBRATILE Um"bra*tile, a. Etym: [L. umbraticus, fr. umbra shade.]

Defn: Umbratic. [R.] B. Jonson.

UMBRATIOUS Um*bra"tious, a. Etym: [L. umbra a shade. Cf. Umbrageous.]

Defn: Suspicious; captious; disposed to take umbrage. [Obs. & R.] Sir H. Wotton.

UMBRE Um"bre, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umber.

UMBREL Um*brel", n.

Defn: An umbrella. [Obs. or Colloq.] Each of them besides bore their umbrels. Shelton.

UMBRELLA Um*brel"la, n. Etym: [It. umbrella, fr. ombra a shade, L. umbra; cf. L. umbella a sunshade, a parasol. Cf. Umbel, Umbrage.]

1. A shade, screen, or guard, carried in the hand for sheltering the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or snow. It is formed of silk, cotton, or other fabric, extended on strips of whalebone, steel, or other elastic material, inserted, or fastened to, a rod or stick by means of pivots or hinges, in such a way as to allow of being opened and closed with ease. See Parasol. Underneath the umbrella's oily shed. Gay.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The umbrellalike disk, or swimming bell, of a jellyfish.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine tectibranchiate gastropod of the genus Umbrella, having an umbrella-shaped shell; -- called also umbrella shell. Umbrella ant (Zoöl.), the sauba ant; -- so called because it carries bits of leaves over its back when foraging. Called also parasol ant. -- Umbrella bird (Zoöl.), a South American bird (Cephalopterus ornatus) of the family Cotingidæ. It is black, with a large handsome crest consisting of a mass of soft, glossy blue feathers curved outward at the tips. It also has a cervical plume consisting of a long, cylindrical dermal process covered with soft hairy feathers. Called also dragoon bird. -- Umbrella leaf (Bot.), an American perennial herb (Dyphylleia cymosa), having very large peltate and lobed radical leaves. -- Umbrella shell. (Zoöl.) See Umbrella, 3. -- Umbrella tree (Bot.), a kind of magnolia (M. Umbrella) with the large leaves arranged in umbrellalike clusters at the ends of the branches. It is a native of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Kentucky. Other plants in various countries are called by this name, especially a kind of screw pine (Pandanus odoratissimus).

UMBRERE; UMBRIERE Um*brere, Um*briere, n. Etym: [F. ombre a shade, L. umbra; cf. F. ombrelle a sunshade, OF. also ombrière. See Umbrella.]

Defn: In ancient armor, a visor, or projection like the peak of a cap, to which a face guard was sometimes attached. This was sometimes fixed, and sometimes moved freely upon the helmet and could be raised like the beaver. Called also umber, and umbril. [Obs.] But only vented up her umbriere. Spenser.

UMBRETTE Um*brette", n. Etym: [F. ombrette.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umber, 4.

UMBRIFEROUS Um*brif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. umbrifer; umbra a shade + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Casting or making a shade; umbrageous. -- Um*brif"er*ous*ly, adv.

UMBRIL Um"bril, n.

Defn: A umbrere. [Obs.]

UMBRINE Um"brine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Umbra, 2.

UMBROSE Um"brose`, a. Etym: [L. umbrosus, fr. umbra a shade.]

Defn: Shady; umbrageous. [Obs.]

UMBROSITY Um*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being umbrose; shadiness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

UMHOFO Um*ho"fo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African two-horned rhinoceros (Atelodus, or Rhinoceros, simus); -- called also chukuru, and white rhinoceros.

UMLAUT Um"laut, n. Etym: [G., from um about + laut sound.] (Philol.)