Chapter CCCLXXXIX: Prologue (40)

5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang] Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). -- Sand bag (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by assassins. -- Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet. -- Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand. -- Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. -- Sand birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also shore birds. -- Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process. -- Sand box. (a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent slipping. -- Sand-box tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of Regma. -- Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura. -- Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function. -- Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand collar. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below. -- Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or ocypodian. -- Sand crack (Far.), a crack extending downward from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes lameness. -- Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United States. -- Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidiod fish. See Illust. under Ophidiod. -- Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder (Limanda ferruginea); -- called also rusty dab. The name is also applied locally to other allied species. -- Sand darter (Zoöl.), a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta pellucida). -- Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially Echinarachnius parma of the American coast. -- Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted sand. -- Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or launce. (b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth. -- Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into flagstones. -- Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea. (b) the chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach. -- Sand flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind. James Bruce. -- Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a) The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes microcephalus); -- called also kitt, marysole, smear dab, town dab. -- Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially Simulium nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on account of their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and midge. -- Sand gall (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below. -- Sand grass (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand; especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on the Atlantic coast.

-- Sand grouse (Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly belong to the genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P. exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in India. See Illust. under Pterocletes. -- Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. -- Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). -- Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian. -- Sand hornet (Zoöl.), a sand wasp. -- Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala raytal), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian red-capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); -- called also red- necked plover. -- Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce. -- Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis). -- Sand martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. -- Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat. -- Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius) which inhabits dry localities. -- Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand myrtle. (Bot.) See under Myrtle. -- Sand partridge (Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species (A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A. Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee partridge, and teehoo. -- Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different colors on an adhesive surface. -- Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish. -- Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. -- Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in dept, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also sand gall. -- Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small british lamprey now considered to be the young of larger species; -- called also sand prey. -- Sand pump, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well. -- Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket gopher. -- Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand. -- Sand runner (Zoöl.), the turnstone. -- Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any mollusk of the genus Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also sand collar. -- Sand screw (Zoöl.), an amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. -- Sand shark (Zoöl.), an American shark (Odontaspis littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; -- called also gray shark, and dogfish shark. See Illust. under Remora. -- Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe. -- Sand skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian. -- Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a silverside. -- Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, especially E. Jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. -- Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the sandpiper. -- Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star. -- Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind. -- Sand sucker, the sandnecker. -- Sand swallow (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank. -- Sand tube, a tube made of sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c) (Zoöl. ) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. -- Sand viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake. -- Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.

SAND Sand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanding.]

1. To sprinkle or cover with sand.

2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton.

3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.

4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar. [Colloq.]

SANDAL San"dal, n.

Defn: Same as Sendal. Sails of silk and ropes of sandal. Longfellow.

SANDAL San"dal, n.

Defn: Sandalwood. "Fans of sandal." Tennyson.

SANDAL San"dal, n. Etym: [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. sandal.] (a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a protection for the foot, covering its lower surface, but not its upper. (b) A kind of slipper. (c) An overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.

SANDALED San"daled, a.

1. Wearing sandals. The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet. Longfellow.

2. Made like a sandal.

SANDALIFORM San*dal"i*form, a. Etym: [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a sandal or slipper.

SANDALWOOD San"dal*wood, n. Etym: [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar. çandal, or Gr. sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf. Sanders.] (Bot.) (a) The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum Freycinetianum and S. pyrularium, the Australian S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended to several other kinds of fragrant wood. (b) Any tree of the genus Santalum, or a tree which yields sandalwood. (c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing leather (Rhamnus Dahuricus). False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of several trees not of the genus Santalum, as Ximenia Americana, Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti. -- Red sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the heartwood of two leguminous trees of India (Pterocarpus santalinus, and Adenanthera pavonina); -- called also red sanderswood, sanders or saunders, and rubywood.

SANDARACH; SANDARAC San"da*rach, San"da*rac, (, n. Etym: [L. sandaraca, Gr.

1. (Min.)

Defn: Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]

2. (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellow resin obtained from a Barbary tree (Callitris quadrivalvis or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for pounce; -- probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.

SANDBAGGER Sand"bag`ger, n.

Defn: An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand bag, under Sand.

SAND-BLIND Sand"-blind", a. Etym: [For sam blind half blind; AS. sam- half (akin to semi-) + blind.]

Defn: Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. Shak.

SANDED Sand"ed, a.

1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.

2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound. Shak.

3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]

SANDEMANIAN San`de*ma"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Robert Sandeman, a Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See Glassite.

SANDEMANIANISM San`de*ma"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The faith or system of the Sandemanians. A. Fuller.

SANDERLING San"der*ling, n. Etym: [Sand + 0ling. So called because it obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also curwillet, sand lark, stint, and ruddy plover.

SANDERS San"ders, n. Etym: [See Sandal.]

Defn: An old name of sandalwood, now applied only to the red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

SANDERS-BLUE San"ders-blue", n.

Defn: See Saundersblue.

SANDEVER San"de*ver, n.

Defn: See Sandiver. [Obs.]

SANDFISH Sand"fish`, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of North America (Trichodon trichodon) which buries itself in the sand.

SANDGLASS Sand"glass`, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See Hourglass.

SANDHILLER Sand"hill`er, n.

Defn: A nickname given to any "poor white" living in the pine woods which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina. [U.S.]

SANDINESS Sand"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.

SANDISH Sand"ish, a.

Defn: Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.] Evelyn.

SANDIVER San"di*ver, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. OF. sa\'8bn grease, fat + de of + verre glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de verre sandiver.]

Defn: A whitish substance which is cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion, and, floating on the top, is skimmed off; -- called also glass gall. [Formerly written also sandever.]

SANDIX San"dix, n. Etym: [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like vermilion, Gr.

Defn: A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written also sandyx.] [Obs.]

SAND-LOT Sand"-lot`, a.

Defn: Lit., of or pert. to a lot or piece of sandy ground, -- hence, pert. to, or characteristic of, the policy or practices of the socialistic or communistic followers of the Irish agitator Denis Kearney, who delivered many of his speeches in the open sand lots about San Francisco; as, the sand-lot constitution of California, framed in 1879, under the influence of sand-lot agitation.

SANDMAN Sand"man`, n.

Defn: A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as if there were sand in them.

SANDNECKER Sand"neck`er, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A European flounder (Hippoglossoides limandoides); -- called also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and sand sucker.

SANDPAPER Sand"pa`per, n.

Defn: Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for smoothing and polishing.

SANDPAPER Sand"pa`per, v. t.

Defn: To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.

SANDPIPER Sand"pi`per, n.

1. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied genera of the family Tringid\'91.

Note: The most important North American species are the pestoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata), called also browback, grass snipe, and jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black-breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina); the purple sandpiper (T.maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot (T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland. Among the European species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper (Actitis, or tringoides, hypoleucus), called also fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called sandpipers.

2. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small lamprey eel; the pride. Curlew sandpiper. See under Curlew. -- Stilt sandpiper. See under Stilt.

SANDPIT Sand"pit`, n.

Defn: A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.

SANDRE San"dre, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A Russian fish (Lucioperca sandre) which yields a valuable oil, called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.

SANDSTONE Sand"stone`, n.

Defn: A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.

Note: Different names are aplied to the various kinds of sandstone according to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous, micaceous, etc. Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer-grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible. -- Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old and the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic. See the Chart of Geology.

SANDWICH Sand"wich, n. Etym: [Named from the Earl of Sandwich.]

Defn: Two pieces of bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like, between them.

SANDWICH Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sandwiched; p. pr. & vb. n. Sandwiching.]

Defn: To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between portions of something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or things, or alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.

SANDWORM Sand"worm`, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of annelids which burrow in the sand of the seashore. (b) Any species of annelids of the genus Sabellaria. They construct firm tubes of agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are sometimes destructive to oysters. (c) The chigoe, a species of flea.

SANDWORT Sand"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted herbs (order Caryophyllace\'91.)

SANDY Sand"y, a. [Compar. Sandier; superl. Sandiest.] Etym: [AS. sandig.]

1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or soil.

2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as, sandy hair.

SANDYX San"dyx, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Sandix.

SANE Sane, a. Etym: [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]

1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of the mind.

2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an ordinary maner; -- said of persons.

Syn. -- Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.

SANENESS Sane"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sane; sanity.

SANG Sang,

Defn: imp. of Sing.

SANGA; SANGU San"ga, San"gu, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The Abyssinian ox (Bos or Bibos, Africanus), noted for the great length of its horns. It has a hump on its back.

SANGAREE San`ga*ree", n. Etym: [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre, blood, L. sanguis.]

Defn: Wine and water sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West Indian drink.

SANG-FROID Sang`-froid", n. Etym: [F., cold blood.]

Defn: Freedom from agitation or excitement of mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference; calmness. Burke.

SANGIAC San"gi*ac, n.

Defn: See Sanjak.

SANGRAAL; SANGREAL San`graal", San"gre*al, n. Etym: [See Saint, and Grail.]

Defn: See Holy Grail, under Grail.

SANGUIFEROUS San*guif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries, veins, capillaries.

SANGUIFICATION San`gui*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sanguification. See Sanguify.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The production of blood; the conversion of the products of digestion into blood; hematosis.

SANGUIFIER San"gui*fi`er, n.

Defn: A producer of blood.

SANGUIFLUOUS San*guif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing or running with blood.

SANGUIFY San"gui*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F. sanguifier.]

Defn: To produce blood from.

SANGUIGENOUS San*guig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + -genous.]

Defn: Producing blood; as, sanguigenous food.

SANGUINACEOUS San`gui*na"ceous, n.

Defn: Of a blood-red color; sanguine.

SANGUINARIA San`gui*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanguinary, a. & n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Poppy family.

Note: Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is the only species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms in early spring. See Bloodroot.

2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an emetic, etc.

SANGUINARILY San"gui*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguinary manner.

SANGUINARINESS San"gui*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanguinary.

SANGUINARY San"gui*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf. F.sanguinaire.]

1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary war, contest, or battle. We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences. Bacon.

2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood. Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary. Broome.

SANGUINARY San"gui*na*ry, n. Etym: [L. herba sanguinaria an herb that stanches blood: cf. F. sanguinaire. See Sanguinary, a.] (Bot.) (a) The yarrow. (b) The Sanguinaria.

SANGUINE San"guine, a. Etym: [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis blood. Cf. Sanguineous.]

1. Having the color of blood; red. Of his complexion he was sanguine. Chaucer. Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe. Milton.

2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a sanguine bodily temperament.

3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.

4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope; as, sanguine of success.

Syn. -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.

SANGUINE San"guine, n.

1. Blood color; red. Spenser.

2. Anything of a blood-red, as cloth. [Obs.] In sanguine and in pes he clad was all. Chaucer.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Bloodstone.

4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.

SANGUINE San"guine, v. t.

Defn: To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.

SANGUINE San"guine, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner. I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.

SANGUINELESS San"guine*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]

SANGUINELY San"guine*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner.

I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.

SANGUINENESS San"guine*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine.

SANGUINEOUS San*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguineus. See Sanguine.]

1. Abounding with blood; sanguine.

2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood. Sir T. Browne.

3. Blood-red; crimson. Keats.

SANGUINITY san*guin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. Swift.

SANGUINIVOROUS San"gui*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Subsisting on blood.

SANGUINOLENCY San*guin"o*len*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.

SANGUINOLENT San*guin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf. F. sanguinolent.]

Defn: Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.

SANGUISUGE San"gui*suge, n. Etym: [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood + sugere to suck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bloodsucker, or leech.

SANGUIVOROUS San*guiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Subsisting upon blood; -- said of certain blood-sucking bats and other animals. See Vampire.

SANHEDRIN; SANHEDRIM San"he*drin, San"he*drim, n. Etym: [Heb. sanhedrin, fr. Gr. Sit.] (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.

SANHEDRIST San"he*drist, n.

Defn: A member of the sanhedrin. Schaeffer (Lange's Com. ).

SANHITA San"hi*ta, n. Etym: [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.]

Defn: A collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first part of each Veda.

SANICLE San"i*cle, n. Etym: [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to have healing powers.

SANIDINE San"i*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; -- called also glassy feldspar.

SANIES Sa"ni*es, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged from ulcers or foul wounds.

SANIOUS Sa"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanious, fr. sanies: cf. F. sanieux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as, the sanious matter of an ulcer.

2. (med.)

Defn: Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.

SANITARIAN San`i*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.

SANITARIAN San`i*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in sanitary measures.

SANITARIST San"i*ta*rist, n.

Defn: A sanitarian.

SANITARIUM San`i*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanitary.]

Defn: A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. "A sanitarium for troops." L. Oliphant.

SANITARY San"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See Sanity.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve health; relating to the preservation or restoration of health; hygienic; as, sanitary regulations. See the Note under Sanatory. Sanitary Commission. See under Commission.

SANITATION San`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures; hygiene. How much sanitation has advanced during the last half century. H. Hartshorne.

SANITY San"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. saniras, from sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.

SANJAK San"jak, n. Etym: [Turk. sanjag.]

Defn: A district or a subvision of a vilayet. [Turkey]

SAN JOSE SCALE San Jo*sé" scale.

Defn: A very destructive scale insect (Aspidiotus perniciosus) that infests the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. So called because first introduced into the United States at San José, California.

SANK Sank,

Defn: imp. of Sink.

SANKHA Sank"ha, n. Etym: [Skr. çankha a shell.]

Defn: A chank shell (Turbinella pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or necklace made in India from the chank shell.

SANKHYA Sankh"ya, n.

Defn: A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all things to soul and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of three elements, goodness, passion, and darkness. Whitworth.

SANNOP San"nop (sân"nôp), n.

Defn: same as Sannup. Bancroft.

SANNUP San"nup (-nûp), n.

Defn: A male Indian; a brave; -- correlative of squaw.

SANNY San"ny, n.

Defn: The sandpiper. [prov. Eng.]

SANS Sans (sän; E. sânz), prep. Etym: [F., from L. sine without.]

Defn: Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English word. "Sans fail." Chaucer. Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. Shak.

SANSCRIT San"scrit, n.

Defn: See Sanskrit.

SANS-CULOTTE Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. ; E. , n. Etym: [F., without breeches.]

1. A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of reproach given in the first French revolution to the extreme republican party, who rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to the upper classes or aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.

2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent revolutionist; a Jacobin.

SANS-CULOTTIC Sans`-cu*lot"tic, a.

Defn: pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical; revolutionary; Jacobinical. Carlyle.

SANS-CULOTTISM Sans`-cu*lot"tism, n. Etym: [F. sans-culottisme.]

Defn: Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of the sans-culottes.

SANSKRIT San"skrit, n. Etym: [Skr. Samskrsta the Sanskrit language, literally, the perfect, polished, or classical language, fr. samskrsta prepared, wrought, made,excellent, perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) + krsta made. See Same, Create.] [Written also Sanscrit.]

Defn: The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.

SANSKRIT San"skrit, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.

SANSKRITIC San*skrit"ic, a.

Defn: Sanskrit.

SANSKRITIST San"skrit*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in Sanskrit.

SANS-SOUCI Sans`-sou`ci, adv. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Without care; free and easy.

SANTAL San"tal, n. Etym: [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is extracted from sandalwood.

SANTALACEOUS San`ta*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Santalaceæ), of which the genus Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar plants of the southern hemisphere.

SANTALIC San*tal"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood (Santalum); -- used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called also santalin.

SANTALIN San"ta*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Santalic acid. See Santalic.

SANTALUM San"ta*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sandalwood.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers. There are less than a dozen species, occuring from India to Australia and the Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.

SANTEES San`tees", n. pl.; sing. Santee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to the Sioux, or Dakotas.

SANTER San"ter, v. i.

Defn: See Saunter.

SANTON San"ton, n. Etym: [Sp. santon, augment fr. santo holy, L. sanctus.]

Defn: A Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: also, a hermit.

SANTONATE San"to*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santonic acid.

SANTONIC San*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white crystalline substance.

SANTONIN San"to*nin, n. Etym: [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr. Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. santonine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.

SANTONINATE San"to*nin`ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santoninic acid.

SANTONINIC San`to*nin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.

SAO Sa"o, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalinæcia, especially H. tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube resembling a quill in color and texture.

SAP Sap, n. Etym: [AS. sæp; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel. safi; of uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise, sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid, Sapient.]

1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

Note: The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant.

2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.

3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang] Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus. -- Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists. -- Sap rot, the dry rot. See under Dry. -- Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. -- Sap tube (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.

SAP Sap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping.] Etym: [F. saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.]

1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of. Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses fell upon their household gods. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To pierce with saps.

3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken. Ring out the grief that saps the mind. Tennyson.

SAP Sap, v. i.

Defn: To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps. W. P. Craighill. Both assaults carried on by sapping. Tatler.

SAP Sap, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc. Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. -- Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.

SAPADILLO Sap`a*dil"lo, n.

Defn: See Sapodila.

SAPAJO Sap"a*jo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sapajou.

SAPAJOU Sap"a*jou, n. Etym: [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Cebus, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the species are called also capuchins. The bonnet sapajou (C. subcristatus), the golden-handed sapajou (C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou (C. hypoleucus) are well known species. See Capuchin.

SAPAN WOOD Sa*pan" wood. Etym: [Malay sapang.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dyewood yielded by Cæsalpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also sappan wood.]

SAPFUL Sap"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in sap; sappy.

SAPHEAD Sap"head`, n.

Defn: A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]

SAPHENOUS Sa*phe"nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.) (a) Manifest; -- applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins; as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein passes.

SAPID Sap"id, a. Etym: [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide. See Sapient, Savor.]

Defn: Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing savor, or flavor. Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their feet. Sir T. Browne.

SAPIDITY Sa*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor; savoriness. Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another. M. S. Lamson.

SAPIDNESS Sap"id*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sapid; sapidity. When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENCE Sa"pi*ence, n. Etym: [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See Sapient..]

Defn: The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge. Cowper. Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered sapience. Tennyson.

SAPIENT Sa"pi*ent, a. Etym: [L. sapiens, -entis, p.pr. of sapere to taste to have sense, to know. See Sage, a.]

Defn: Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt. Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse. Milton.

Syn. -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.

SAPIENTIAL Sa`pi*en"tial, a. Etym: [L. sapientialis.]

Defn: Having or affording wisdom. -- Sa`pi*en"tial*ly, adv. The sapiential books of the Old [Testament]. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENTIOUS Sa`pi*en"tious, a.

Defn: Sapiential. [Obs.]

SAPIENTIZE Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make sapient. [R.] Coleridge.

SAPIENTLY Sa"pi*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sapient manner.

SAPINDACEOUS Sap`in*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs (Sapindaceæ), including the (Typical) genus Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.

SAPINDUS Sa*pin"dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.

SAPLESS Sap"less, a.

1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.

2. Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless womanhood." Lowell. Now sapless on the verge of death he stands. Dryden.

SAPLING sap"ling, n.

Defn: A young tree. Shak.

SAPODILLA Sap`o*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo, Mexican cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree (Achras Sapota); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also sapadillo, sappadilo, sappodilla, and zapotilla.] Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the fruit of Achras Sapota. It is about the size of an ordinary quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet. Called also naseberry. It is eatable only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.

SAPOGENIN Sa*pog"e*nin, n. Etym: [Saponin + -gen + in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.

SAPONACEOUS Sap`o*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. soap. See Soap.]

Defn: Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.

Note: Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.

SAPONACITY Sap`o*nac"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being saponaceous.

SAPONARY Sap"o*na*ry, a.

Defn: Saponaceous. Boyle.

SAPONIFIABLE Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance.

SAPONIFICATION Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.]

Defn: The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.

SAPONIFIER Sa*pon"i*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause saponification.

SAPONIFY Sa*pon"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified; p. pr. & vb. n. Saponifying.] Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.]

Defn: To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.

SAPONIN Sap"o*nin, n. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphus powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anæstesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quilaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.

SAPONITE Sap"o*nite, n. Etym: [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap rock.

SAPONUL Sap"o*nul, n. Etym: [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also saponule.] [Obs.]

SAPOR Sa"por, n. Etym: [L. See Savor.]

Defn: Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste. There is some sapor in all aliments. Sir T. Browne.

SAPORIFIC Sap`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sapor taste + facere to make.]

Defn: Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or relish.

SAPOROSITY Sap`o*ros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.

SAPOROUS Sap"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. saporius that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor taste.]

Defn: Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.

SAPOTA Sa*po"ta, n. Etym: [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See Sapodilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: The sapodilla.

SAPOTACEOUS Sap`o*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sapotaceæ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order is named.

SAPPAN WOOD Sap*pan" wood".

Defn: Sapan wood.

SAPPARE Sap"pare, n. Etym: [F. sappare; -- so called by Saussure.] (Min.)

Defn: Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]

SAPPER Sap"per, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapeur.]

Defn: One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.

SAPPHIC Sap"phic, a. Etym: [L. Sapphicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.

SAPPHIC Sap"phic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A Sapphic verse.

SAPPHIRE Sap"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus, Gr. sappir.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem. of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer.

Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum.

2. The color of the gem; bright blue.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue. Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.

SAPPHIRE Sap"phire, a.

Defn: Of or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. "The sapphire blaze." Gray.

SAPPHIRINE Sap"phir*ine, n.

Defn: Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire. "Sapphirine degree of hardness." Boyle.

SAPPHO Sap"pho, n. Etym: [See Sapphic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also firetail.

SAPPINESS Sap"pi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sappy; juiciness.

SAPPODILLA Sap`po*dil"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sapodilla.

SAPPY Sap"py, a. [Compar. Sappier; superl. Sappiest.] Etym: [From 1st Sap.]

1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy; succulent.

2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble. When he had passed this weak and sapy age. Hayward.

3. Weak in intellect. [Low]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.

SAPPY Sap"py, a. [Written also sapy.] Etym: [Cf. L. sapere to taste.]

Defn: Musty; tainted. [Obs.]

SAPROPHAGAN Sa*proph"a*gan, n. Etym: [Gr. saprophage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon dacaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.

SAPROPHAGOUS Sa*proph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on carrion.

SAPROPHYTE Sap"ro*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.

SAPROPHYTIC Sap`ro*phyt"ic, a.

Defn: Feeding or growing upon decaying anomal or vegetable matter; pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.

SAPROPHYTISM Sap"ro*phyt*ism, n.

Defn: State or fact of being saprophytic.

SAPSAGO Sap"sa*go, n. Etym: [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape + zieger a sort of hey.]

Defn: A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.

SAPSKULL Sap"skull`, n.

Defn: A saphead. [Low]

SAPUCAIA Sap`u*ca"ia (; Pg. , n. Etym: [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian tree. See Lecythis, and Monkey-pot. [Written also sapucaya.] Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; -- called also paradise nut.

SAPWOOD Sap"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows most freely; -- distinguished from Heartwood.

SARABAITE Sar"a*bai*te, n. Etym: [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early church.

SARABAND Sar"a*band, n. Etym: [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a song.]

Defn: A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple time; also, the air itself. She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab. Sir W. Scott.

SARACEN Sar"a*cen, n. Etym: [l. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl. sharqiin, Oriental Eastern, fr. sharaga to rise, said of the sun: cf. F. sarrasin. Cf. Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.]

Defn: Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders. Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind of ragewort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.

SARACENIC; SARACENICAL Sar`a*cen"ic, Sar`a*cen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture. "Saracenic music." Sir W. Scott.

SARASIN Sar"a*sin, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Sarrasin.

SARASWATI Sa`ras*wa"ti, n. Etym: [Skr. Sarasvati.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music, and poetry.

SARCASM Sar"casm, n. Etym: [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmu, Gr.

Defn: A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest. The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds.

Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.

SARCASMOUS Sar*cas"mous, a.

Defn: Sarcastic. [Obs.] "Sarcasmous scandal." Hubidras.

SARCASTIC; SARCASTICAL Sar*cas"tic, Sar*cas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting. What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world! South.

SARCASTICALLY Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sarcastic manner.

SARCEL Sar"cel, n. Etym: [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of circulus. See Circle.]

Defn: One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.

SARCELED Sar"celed, a. (her.)

Defn: Cut through the middle.

SARCELLE Sar`celle", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The old squaw, or long-tailed duck.

SARCENET Sarce"net, n. Etym: [OF. sacenet; cf. LL. saracenium cloth made by Saracens. See Saracen.]

Defn: A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc. [Written also sarsenet.] Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye. Shak.

SARCIN Sar"cin, n.

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.

SARCINA Sar*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group. Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; -- applied particularly to bacteria. See micrococcus.

SARCLE Sar"cle, v. t. Etym: [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe, fr. sarculum hoe.]

Defn: To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SARCO; SARCO- Sar"co.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. flesh; as, sarcophagous, flesh- eating; sarcology.

SARCOBASIS Sar*cob"a*sis, n.; pl. Sarcobases. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain but few seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.

SARCOBLAST Sar"co*blast, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain rhizopods.

SARCOCARP Sar"co*carp, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.)

Defn: the fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of Endocarp.

Note: The term has also been used to denote, any fruit which is fleshy throughout. M. T. Masters.

SARCOCELE Sar"co*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. sacrocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: Any solid tumor of the testicle.

SARCOCOL; SARCOCOLLA Sar"co*col, Sar`co*col"la, n. Etym: [L. sarcoccolla, from Gr. sacrocolle.]

Defn: A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa (Penæa), -- formerly thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.

SARCODE Sar"code, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcoid.] (Biol.)

Defn: A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.

SARCODERM; SARCODERMA Sar"co*derm, sar`co*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. sacroderma. See Sarco-, and Derm.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments. (b) A sarcocarp.

SARCODIC Sar*cod"ic ( or ), a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcode.

SARCOID Sar"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. Sarcode.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.

SARCOLACTIC Sar`co*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.

SARCOLEMMA Sar`co*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The very thin transparent and apparently homogenous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.

SARCOLINE Sar"co*line, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Flesh-colored.

SARCOLOGIC; SARCOLOGICAL Sar`co*log"ic, Sar`co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcology.

SARCOLOGY Sar*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F. sarcologie.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.

SARCOMA Sar*co"ma, n.; pl. L. Sarcomata (# or #), E. sarcomas. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A tumor of fleshy consistence; -- formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells resembling those of fetal development without any proper intercellular substance.

SARCOMATOUS Sar*com"a*tous ( or ), a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.

SARCOPHAGA Sar*coph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials including the dasyures and the opossums.

SARCOPHAGA Sar*coph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL., frm. sing. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.

SARCOPHAGAN Sar*coph"a*gan, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal which eats flesh, especially any carnivorous marsupial.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.

SARCOPHAGOUS Sar*coph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.

SARCOPHAGUS Sar*coph"a*gus, n.; pl. L. Sarcophagi, E. Sarcophaguses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sarcasm.]

1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Holland.

2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.

3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a memorial.

SARCOPHAGY Sar*coph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcophagus.]

Defn: The practice of eating flesh.

SARCOPHILE Sar"co*phile, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous marsupials.

SARCOPTES Sar*cop"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.

SARCOPTID Sar*cop"tid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Sarcoptes and related genera of mites, comprising the itch mites and mange mites. -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the itch mites.

SARCORHAMPHI Sar`co*rham"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of raptorial birds composing the vultures.

SARCOSEPTUM Sar`co*sep"tum, n.; pl. Sarcosepta. Etym: [Sarco- + septum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.

SARCOSIN Sar"co*sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.

SARCOSIS Sar*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Abnormal formation of flesh. (b) Sarcoma.

SARCOTIC Sar*cot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sarcotique.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] -- n.

Defn: A sarcotic medicine. [R.]

SARCOUS Sar"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Fleshy; -- applied to the minute stryctural elements, called sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber is composed.

SARCULATION Sar`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sarculatio. See Sarcle.]

Defn: A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.

SARD Sard, n. Etym: [L. sarda, Gr. sarde. Cf. Sardius.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.

SARDACHATE Sar"da*chate, n. Etym: [L. sardachates: cf. F. Sardachate. See Sard, and Agate.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of agate containing sard.

SARDAN; SARDEL Sar"dan, Sar"del, n. Etym: [It. sardella. See Sardine a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sardine. [Obs.]

SARDEL Sar"del, n.

Defn: A precious stone. See Sardius.

SARDINE Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. sardine (cf. Sp. sardina, sarda, It. sardina, sardella), L. sardina, sarda; cf. Gr. sardinia, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.

SARDINE Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n.

Defn: See Sardius.

SARDINIAN Sar*din"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Sardinianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sardinia.

SARDIUS Sar"di*us, n. Etym: [L. sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. Sard.]

Defn: A precious stone, probably a carnelian, one of which was set in Aaron's breastplate. Ex. xxviii. 17.

SARDOIN Sar"doin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sardoine.] (Min.)

Defn: Sard; carnelian.

SARDONIAN Sar*do"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sardonien.]

Defn: Sardonic. [Obs.] "With Sardonian smile." Spenser.

SARDONIC Sar*don"ic, a. Etym: [F. sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. Sardinia, Gr.

Defn: Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety. Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And grief is forced to laugh against her will. Sir H. Wotton. The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian. Burke. Sardonic grin or laugh, an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.

SARDONIC Sar*don"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at Colchis.

SARDONYX Sar"do*nyx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sard, and Onyx.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of onyx consisting of sard and white chalcedony in alternate layers.

SAREE Sa"ree, n. Etym: [Hind.

Defn: The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It consists of a long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the middle of the body, a portion being arranged to hang down in front, and the remainder passed across the bosom over the left shoulder.

SARGASSO Sar*gas"so, n. Etym: [Sp. sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: The gulf weed. See under Gulf. Sargasso Sea, a large tract of the North Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the surface.

SARGASSUM Sar*gas"sum, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A genus of algæ including the gulf weed.

SARGO Sar"go, n. Etym: [Sp. sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sparoid fishes belonging to Sargus, Pomodasys, and related genera; -- called also sar, and saragu.

SARI Sa"ri, n.

Defn: Same as Saree.

SARIGUE Sa*rigue", n. Etym: [F., from Braz. çarigueia, çarigueira.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American opossum (Didelphys opossum), having four white spots on the face.

SARK Sark, n. Etym: [AS. serce, syrce, ashirt; akin to Icel. serkr, Sw. särk.]

Defn: A shirt. [Scot.]

SARK Sark, v. t. (Carp.)

Defn: To cover with sarking, or thin boards.

SARKIN Sar"kin, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.