Chapter CLXXXVIII: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (9)

Defn: A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.

GANGRENE Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gangrening.] Etym: [Cf. F. gangréner.]

Defn: To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.

GANGRENESCENT Gan`gre*nes"cent, a.

Defn: Tending to mortification or gangrene.

GANGRENOUS Gan"gre*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gangréneux.]

Defn: Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.

GANGUE Gangue, n. Etym: [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See Gang, n.] (Mining)

Defn: The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.

GANGWAY Gang"way`, n. Etym: [See Gang, v. i.]

1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.

2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.

GANIL Gan"il, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.

GANISTER; GANNISTER Gan"is*ter, Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.

GANJA Gan"ja, n. Etym: [Hind. ganjha.]

Defn: The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.

GANNET Gan"net, n. Etym: [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans.

Note: The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.

GANOCEPHALA Gan`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.

GANOCEPHALOUS Gan`o*ceph"a*lous, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.

GANOID Ga"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zoöl.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.

GANOIDAL Ga*noid"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ganoid.

GANOIDEI Ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.

Note: They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.

GANOIDIAN Ga*noid"i*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ganoid.

GANOINE Ga"no*ine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.

GANSA Gan"sa, n.

Defn: Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.

GANTLET Gant"let, n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to löpa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.]

Defn: A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey.

Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.

GANTLET Gant"let, n.

Defn: A glove. See Gauntlet.

GANTLINE Gant"line`, n.

Defn: A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.

GANTLOPE Gant"lope`, n.

Defn: See Gantlet. [Obs.]

GANTRY Gan"try, n.

Defn: See Gauntree.

GANZA Gan"za, n. Etym: [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet, Goose.]

Defn: A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.

GANZ SYSTEM Ganz system

Defn: A haulage system for canal boats, in which an electric locomotive running on a monorail has its adhesion materially increased by the pull of the tow rope on a series of inclined gripping wheels.

GAOL Gaol, n. Etym: [See Jail.]

Defn: A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.

GAOLER Gaol"er, n.

Defn: The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.

GAP Gap, n. Etym: [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.]

Defn: An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass. Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles. It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak. Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.

GAP Gap, v. t.

1. To notch, as a sword or knife.

2. To make an opening in; to breach. Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.

GAPE Gape (; in Eng, commonly ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped ( or ); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] Etym: [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.]

1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden. (b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn. She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. (c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc. With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron. (d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10.

2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus. May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak.

3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at. The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham.

Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.

GAPE Gape, n.

1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. GAPES; THE GAPES The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.

GAPER Gap"er, n.

1. One who gapes.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (Schizothærus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.

GAPESEED Gape"seed`, n.

Defn: Any strange sight. Wright.

GAPESING Gapes"ing ( or ), n.

Defn: Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]

GAPEWORM Gape"worm` ( or ), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix.

GAPINGSTOCK Gap"ing*stock` ( or ), n.

Defn: One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder. I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers. Godwin.

GAP-TOOTHED Gap"-toothed`, a.

Defn: Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.

GAR Gar, n. Etym: [Prob. AS. gar dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoöl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.

GAR Gar, v. t. Etym: [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.]

Defn: To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.

GARAGE Ga`rage", n. [F.]

1. A place for housing automobiles.

2. (Aëronautics) A shed for housing an airship or flying machine; a hangar.

3. A side way or space in a canal to enable vessels to pass each other; a siding.

Garage is recent in English, and has as yet acquired no settled pronunciation.

GARAGE Ga`rage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Garaging.]

Defn: To keep in a garage. [Colloq.]

GARANCIN Gar"an*cin (; 104), n. Etym: [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.)

Defn: An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.

GARB Garb, n. Etym: [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]

1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century.

2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.

GARB Garb, n. Etym: [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.)

Defn: A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).

GARB Garb, v. t.

Defn: To clothe; array; deck. These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.

GARBAGE Gar"bage (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.]

Defn: Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.

GARBAGE Gar"bage, v. t.

Defn: To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland.

GARBED Garbed, a.

Defn: Dressed; habited; clad.

GARBEL Gar"bel, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Garboard.

GARBEL Gar"bel, n. Etym: [Cf. Garble, v. t.]

Defn: Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]

GARBLE Gar"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] Etym: [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharbal, gharbil, sieve.]

1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]

2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.

GARBLE Gar"ble, n.

1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.

2. pl.

Defn: Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings.

GARBLER Gar"bler, n.

Defn: One who garbles.

GARBOARD Gar"board, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.

GARBOIL Gar"boil, n. Etym: [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.]

Defn: Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.

GARCINIA Gar*cin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.

GARCON Gar`çon", n. [F.]

Defn: A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; -- in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.

GARD Gard, n. Etym: [See Garde, Yard]

Defn: Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.

GARD Gard, v. & n.

Defn: See Guard.

GARDANT Gar"dant, a. Etym: [F. See Guardant.] (Her.)

Defn: Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast.

GARDE CIVIQUE Garde` ci`vique". [F.]

Defn: See Army organization, above.

GARDEN Gar"den, n. Etym: [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard an inclosure.]

1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.

2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak.

Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zoöl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.

GARDEN Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.]

Defn: To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.

GARDEN Gar"den, v. t.

Defn: To cultivate as a garden.

GARDENER Gar"den*er, n.

Defn: One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.

GARDENIA Garde"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.

GARDENING Gar"den*ing, n.

Defn: The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.

GARDENLESS Gar"den*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a garden. Shelley.

GARDENLY Gar"den*ly, a.

Defn: Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.

GARDENSHIP Gar"den*ship, n.

Defn: Horticulture. [Obs.]

GARDON Gar"don, n. Etym: [F] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European cyprinoid fish; the id.

GARDYLOO Gar`dy*loo", n. Etym: [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.]

Defn: An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott.

GARE Gare, n. Etym: [Cf. Gear.]

Defn: Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.

GAREFOWL Gare"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]

GARFISH Gar"fish`, n. Etym: [See Gar, n.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribbæus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; - - called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.

GARGALIZE Gar"ga*lize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.]

Defn: To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston.

GARGANEY Gar"ga*ney, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal.

GARGANTUAN Gar*gan"tu*an, a. Etym: [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.]

Defn: Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.

GARGARISM Gar"ga*rism, n. Etym: [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.] (Med.)

Defn: A gargle.

GARGARIZE Gar"ga*rize, v. t. Etym: [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr.

Defn: To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon.

GARGET Garget, n. Etym: [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]

1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.

3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: See Poke.

GARGIL Gar"gil, n. Etym: [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.]

Defn: A distemper in geese, affecting the head.

GARGLE Gar"gle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GARGLE Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled, p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling ( Etym: [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle, Gurgle.]

1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.

2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.

GARGLE Gar"gle, n.

Defn: A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.

GARGOL Gar"gol, n. Etym: [Cf. Gargil.]

Defn: A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.

GARGOULETTE Gar`gou*lette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet. Mollett.

GARGOYLE Gar"goyle, n. Etym: [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. gárgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.)

Defn: A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]

GARGYLE Gar"gyle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GARIBALDI Ga`ri*bal"di, n.

1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color.

GARISH Gar"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.]

1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. "The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors." Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman. Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gay to extravagance; flighty. It makes the mind loose and garish. South. -- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

GARLAND Gar"land, n. Etym: [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.]

1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.

2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope.

3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.

4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology. They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands. Percy.

5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.

GARLAND Gar"land, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.]

Defn: To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.

GARLANDLESS Gar"land*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a garland. Shelley.

GARLIC Gar"lic, n. Etym: [OE. garlek, AS. garleác; gar spear, lance + leác leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.

2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Cratæva gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.

GARLICKY Gar"lick*y, a.

Defn: Like or containing garlic.

GARMENT Gar"ment, n. Etym: [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]

Defn: Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc. No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16.

GARMENTED Gar"ment*ed, p. a.

Defn: Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment. [Poetic] A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley.

GARMENTURE Gar"men*ture, n.

Defn: Clothing; dress.

GARNER Gar"ner, n. Etym: [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.]

Defn: A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.

GARNER Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.]

Defn: To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak.

GARNET Gar"net, n. Etym: [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.

Note: There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its transparent red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.

GARNET Gar"net, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)

Defn: A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See under Clew.

GARNETIFEROUS Gar`net*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing garnets.

GARNIERITE Gar"ni*er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the French geologist Garnier.] (Min.)

Defn: An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.

GARNISH Gar"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] Etym: [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warnon to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.]

1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish. All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley.

3. To furnish; to supply.

4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.

5. (Law)

Defn: To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.

GARNISH Gar"nish, n.

1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated. So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak. Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use. Prior.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.

3. Fetters. [Cant]

4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding. Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.

GARNISHEE Gar`nish*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.

Note: The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.

GARNISHEE Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-ed); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.

GARNISHER Gar"nish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, garnishes.

GARNISHMENT Gar"nish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.]

1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.

2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.

3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.

GARNITURE Gar"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.]

Defn: That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress. The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie.

GAROOKUH Ga*roo"kuh, n.

Defn: A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.

GAROUS Ga"rous, a. Etym: [From Garum.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne.

GAR PIKE; GARPIKE Gar" pike` or; Gar"pike`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See under Gar.

GARRAN Gar"ran, n. Etym: [Gael. garrán, gearrán, gelding, work horse, hack.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]

GARRET Gar"ret, n. Etym: [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. guérite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. guérir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.]

1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.] He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners.

2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic. The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.

GARRETED Gar"ret*ed, a.

Defn: Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.

GARRETEER Gar`ret*eer", n.

Defn: One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack. Macaulay.

GARRETING Gar"ret*ing, n.

Defn: Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry. Weale.

GARRISON Gar"ri*son, n. Etym: [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.

GARRISON Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory.

GARRON Gar"ron, n.

Defn: Same as Garran. [Scot.]

GARROT Gar"rot, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.)

Defn: A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.

GARROT Gar"rot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European golden-eye.

GARROTE Gar*rote", n. Etym: [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick, Garter.]

Defn: A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.

GARROTE Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.]

Defn: To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.

GARROTER Gar*rot"er, n.

Defn: One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him.

GARRULITY Gar*ru"li*ty, n. Etym: [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulité.]

Defn: Talkativeness; loquacity.

GARRULOUS Gar"ru*lous, a. Etym: [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. Call.]

1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous roller.

Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. -- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.

GARRUPA Gar*ru"pa, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish.

GARTER Gar"ter, n. Etym: [OE. gartier, F. jarretière, fr. OF. garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See Garrote.]

1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.

2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zoöl.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eutænia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.

GARTER Gar"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.]

1. To bind with a garter. He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak.

2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.

GARTER STITCH Garter stitch.

Defn: The simplest stitch in knitting.

GARTH Garth, n. Etym: [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.]

1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth. A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson.

2. A dam or weir for catching fish.

GARTH Garth, n. Etym: [Girth.]

Defn: A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]

GARUM Ga"rum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.

GARVIE Gar"vie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spart; -- called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

GAS Gas, n.; pl. Gases. Etym: [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.]

1. An aëriform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or aëriform state.

2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable aëriform fluid.

Note: Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark. -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for aërating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.synthesis gas

GASALIER Gas`a*lier", n. Etym: [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]

Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

GAS-BURNER Gas"-burn`er, n.

Defn: The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.

GASCOINES Gas"coines, n. pl.

Defn: See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.

GASCON Gas"con (; F. ), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n.

Defn: A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.

GASCONADE Gas`con*ade", n. Etym: [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.]

Defn: A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.

GASCONADE Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasconading.]

Defn: To boast; to brag; to bluster.

GASCONADER Gas`con*ad"er, n.

Defn: A great boaster; a blusterer.

GASCOYNES Gas"coynes, n. pl.

Defn: Gaskins. Beau & Fl.

GASEITY Gas*e"i*ty ( or ), n.

Defn: State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.

GASELIER Gas`e*lier", n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]

Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

GAS ENGINE Gas engine. (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine (which see) using fixed gas; also, broadly, any internal-combustion engine.

GASEOUS Gas"e*ous ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.]

1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an aëriform fluid.

2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen.

GASH Gash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] Etym: [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.]

Defn: To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh. Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward.

GASH Gash, n.

Defn: A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.

GASHFUL Gash"ful, a.

Defn: Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.

GASIFICATION Gas`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Gasify.]

Defn: The act or process of converting into gas.

GASIFORM Gas"i*form, a.

Defn: Having a form of gas; gaseous.

GASIFY Gas"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.] Etym: [Gas + -fy.]

Defn: To convert into gas, or an aëriform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.

GASIFY Gas"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state. Scientific American.

GASKET Gas"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.

2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.

GASKINS Gas"kins, n.pl. Etym: [Cf. Galligaskins.]

1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.

3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

GASLIGHT Gas"light`, n.

1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.

2. A gas jet or burner.

GASOGEN Gas"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gas + -gen.]

1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.

2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.

GASOLENE Gas`o*lene, n.

Defn: See Gasoline.

GASOLIER Gas`o*lier", n.

Defn: Same as Gasalier.

GASOLINE Gas"o*line ( or ; 104), n.

Defn: A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.

GASOLINE ENGINE; GASOLENE ENGINE Gas"o*line, or Gas"o*lene, en"gine . (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine; -- in British countries called usually petrol engine.

GASOMETER Gas*om"e*ter ( or ), n. Etym: [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazomètre.]

Defn: An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.

GASOMETRIC; GASOMETRICAL Gas`o*met"ric or; Gas`o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.

GASOMETRY Gas*om"e*try ( or ), n.

Defn: The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe.

GASOSCOPE Gas"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gas + -scope.]

Defn: An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.

GASP Gasp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] Etym: [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]

1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd.

2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire. Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser.

GASP Gasp, v. t.

Defn: To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc. And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden.

GASP Gasp, n.

Defn: The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.

GASPEREAU Gas"per*eau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The alewife. [Local, Canada]

GASSERIAN Gas*se"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.

GASSING Gas"sing, n.

1. (Manuf.)

Defn: The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.

2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]

GASSY Gas"sy, a.

Defn: Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.

GAST Gast, v. t. Etym: [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.]

Defn: To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

GASTER Gast"er, v. t.

Defn: To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GASTEROMYCETES Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.

GASTEROPOD Gas"ter*o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropod.

GASTEROPODA Gas`te*rop`o*da, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropoda.

GASTEROPODOUS Gas`ter*op"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropodous.

GASTFUL; GASTLY Gast"ful, Gast"ly (, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Ghastful, Ghastly.

GASTIGHT Gas"tight`, a.

Defn: So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.

GASTNESS Gast"ness, n.

Defn: See Ghastness. [Obs.]

GASTORNIS Gas*tor"nis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.

GASTRAEA Gas*træ"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the Gastræa theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.

GASTRALGIA Gas*tral"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.

GASTRIC Gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. gastrique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.

GASTRILOQUIST Gas*tril"o*quist, n. Etym: [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to speak.]

Defn: One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.

GASTRILOQUOUS Gas*tril"o*quous, a.

Defn: Ventriloquous. [R.]

GASTRILOQUY Gas*tril"o*quy, n.

Defn: A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy.

GASTRITIS Gas*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.

GASTRO- Gas"tro-.

Defn: A combining form from the Gr. gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy.

GASTROCNEMIUS Gas`troc*ne"mi*us, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.

GASTROCOLIC Gas`tro*col"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum.

GASTRODISC Gas`tro*disc, n. Etym: [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.)

Defn: That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.

GASTRODUODENAL Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery.

GASTRODUODENITIS Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.

GASTROELYTROTOMY Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the Cæsarean operation, and less dangerous.

GASTROENTERIC Gas`tro*en*te"ric, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Gastrointestinal.

GASTROENTERITIS Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.

GASTROEPIPLOIC Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.

GASTROHEPATIC Gas`tro*he*pat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum.

GASTROHYSTEROTOMY Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.)

Defn: Cæsarean section. See under Cæsarean.

GASTROINTESTINAL Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.

GASTROLITH Gas`tro*lith, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Crab's eyes, under Crab.

GASTROLOGY Gas*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr gastrologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.

GASTROMALACIA Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a post- morten change.

GASTROMANCY Gas`tro*man"cy, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art.

GASTROMYCES Gas`tro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc.

GASTROMYTH Gas"tro*myth, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr.

Defn: One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.]

GASTRONOME; GASTRONOMER Gas"tro*nome, Gas*tron"o*mer, n. Etym: [F. gastronome, fr. Gr.

Defn: One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.

GASTRONOMIC; GASTRONOMICAL Gas`tro*nom"ic, Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gastronomique.]

Defn: Pertaining to gastromony.

GASTRONOMIST Gas*tron"o*mist, n.

Defn: A gastromomer.

GASTRONOMY Gas*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. gastronomie.]

Defn: The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.

GASTROPHRENIC Gas`tro*phren"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament.

GASTROPNEUMATIC Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.

GASTROPOD Gas"tro*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.]

GASTROPODA Gas*trop"o*da, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]

Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.

GASTROPODOUS Gas*trop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.

GASTRORAPHY Gas*tror"a*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.

GASTROSCOPE Gas"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.

GASTROSCOPIC Gas`tro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.

GASTROSCOPY Gas*tros"co*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.

GASTROSPLENIC Gas`tro*splen"ic, n. Etym: [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament.

GASTROSTEGE Gas*tros"tege, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.

GASTROSTOMY Gas*tros"to*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.

GASTROTOMY Gas*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.

GASTROTRICHA Gas*trot"ri*cha, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids.

GASTROTROCHA Gas*trot"ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.

GASTROVASCULAR Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of coelenterates.

GASTRULA Gas"tru*la, n.; pl. Gastrulæ Etym: [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See Gastræa. -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a gastrula.

GASTRULATION Gas`tru*la"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.

GASTRURA Gas*tru"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)