Chapter CDXVIII: Prologue (69)

3. To make grave, serious, and reverential. Wordsworth was solemnizzed and elevated by this his first look on Yarrow. J. C. Shairp. Every Israelite . . . arose, solemnized his face, looked towards Jerusalem . . . and prayed. L. Wallace.

SOLEMNIZE Sol"em*nize, n.

Defn: Solemnization. [R.] Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize. Spenser.

SOLEMNIZER Sol"em*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who solemnizes.

SOLEMNLY Sol"emn*ly, adv.

Defn: In a solemn manner; with gravity; seriously; formally. There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise. Dryden. I do solemnly assure the reader. Swift.

SOLEMNNESS Sol"emn*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being solemn; solemnity; impressiveness; gravity; as, the solemnness of public worship. [Written also solemness.]

SOLEMPNE So*lemp"ne, a. Etym: [See Solemn.]

Defn: Solemn; grand; stately; splendid; magnificent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOLEN So"len, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A cradle, as for a broken limb. See Cradle, 6.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine bivalve mollusk belonging to Solen or allied genera of the family Solenidæ; a razor shell.

SOLENACEAN Sol`e*na"cean, n. (Zoöl).

Defn: Any species of marine bivalve shells belonging to the family Solenidæ.

SOLENACEOUS Sol`e*na"ceous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the solens or family Solenidæ.

SOLENESS Sole"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sole, or alone; singleness. [R.] Chesterfield.

SOLENETTE Sole*nette", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European sole (Solea minuta).

SOLENOCONCHA So*le`no*con"cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Solen, and Conch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scaphopoda.

SOLENODON So*le"no*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of singular West Indian insectivores, allied to the tenrec. One species (Solendon paradoxus), native of St. Domingo, is called also agouta; the other (S. Cubanus), found in Cuba, is called almique.

SOLENOGASTRA So*le`no*gas"tra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of lowly organized Mollusca belonging to the Isopleura. A narrow groove takes the place of the foot of other gastropods.

SOLENOGLYPH So*le"no*glyph, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Selenoglypha. See Ophidia. -- n.

Defn: One of the Selenoglypha.

SOLENOGLYPHA So`le*nog"ly*pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of serpents including those which have tubular erectile fangs, as the viper and rattlesnake. See Fang.

SOLENOID So"len*oid, n.Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Elec.)

Defn: An electrodynamic spiral having the conjuctive wire turned back along its axis, so as to neutralize that component of the effect of the current which is due to the length of the spiral, and reduce the whole effect to that of a series of equal and parallel circular currents. When traversed by a current the solenoid exhibits polarity and attraction or repulsion, like a magnet.

SOLENOSTOMI So`le*nos"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of lophobranch fishes having a tubular snout. The female carries the eggs in a ventral pouch.

SOLEPLATE Sole"plate`, n. (Mach.) (a) A bedplate; as, the soleplate of a steam engine. (b) The plate forming the back of a waterwheel bucket.

SOLER; SOLERE So"ler, So"lere, n. Etym: [OE. See Solar, n.]

Defn: A loft or garret. See Solar, n. Sir W. Scott.

SOLERT So"lert, a. Etym: [L. solers, sollers, -ertis,clever, skillful.]

Defn: Skillful; clever; crafty. [Obs.] Cudworth.

SOLERTIOUSNESS So*ler"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being solert. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

SOLESHIP Sole"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being sole, or alone; soleness. [R.] Sir E. Dering.

SOLE TRADER Sole trader.

Defn: A feme sole trader.

SOL-FA Sol`-fa", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sol-faed;p. pr. & vb. n. Sol-faing.] Etym: [It. solfa the gamut, from the syllables fa, sol.]

Defn: To sing the notes of the gamut, ascending or descending; as, do or ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do, or the same in reverse order. Yet can I neither solfe ne sing. Piers Plowman.

SOL-FA Sol"-fa", n.

Defn: The gamut, or musical scale. See Tonic sol-fa, under Tonic, n.

SOLFANARIA Sol`fa*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [It., from solfo sulphur.]

Defn: A sulphur mine.

SOLFATARA Sol`fa*ta"ra, n.Etym: [It., from solfo brimstone, sulphur, L. sulfur, E. sulphur.] (Geol.)

Defn: A volcanic area or vent which yields only sulphur vapors, steam, and the like. It represents the stages of the volcanic activity.

SOLFEGGIARE Sol`feg*gia"re, v. i.Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: To sol-fa. See Sol-fa, v. i.

SOLFEGGIO Sol*feg"gio, n.Etym: [It., fr. solfa the gamut.] (Mus.)

Defn: The system of arranging the scale by the names do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, by which singing is taught; a singing exercise upon these syllables.

SOLFERINO Sol`fe*ri"no, n.

Defn: A brilliant deep pink color with a purplish tinge, one of the dyes derived from aniline; -- so called from Solferino in Italy, where a battle was fought about the time of its discovery.

SOLI So"li, n.,

Defn: pl. of Solo.

SOLICIT So*lic"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solicited; p. pr. & vb. n. Soliciting.] Etym: [F. sollicier, L. sollicitare, solicitare, -atum, fr. sollicitus wholly (i. e., violently) moved; sollus whole + citus, p. p. of ciere to move, excite. See Solemn, Cite.]

1. To ask from with earnestness; to make petition to; to apply to for obtaining something; as, to solicit person for alms. Did I solicit thee From darkness to promote me Milton.

2. To endeavor to obtain; to seek; to plead for; as, to solicit an office; to solicit a favor. I view my crime, but kindle at the view, Repent old pleasures, and solicit new. Pope.

3. To awake or excite to action; to rouse desire in; to summon; to appeal to; to invite. That fruit . . . solicited her longing eye. Milton. Sounds and some tangible qualities solicit their proper senses, and force an entrance to the mind. Locke.

4. To urge the claims of; to plead; to act as solicitor for or with reference to. [Obs.] Should My brother henceforth study to forget The vow that he hath made thee, I would ever Solicit thy deserts. Ford.

5. To disturb; to disquiet; -- a Latinism rarely used. Hath any ill solicited thine ears Chapman. But anxious fears solicit my weak breast. Dryden.

Syn. To beseech; ask; request; crave; supplicate; entreat; beg; implore; importune. See Beseech.

SOLICITANT So*lic"it*ant, n.Etym: [L. solicitans, p. pr. ]

Defn: One who solicits.

SOLICITATE So*lic"it*ate, a.

Defn: Solicitous. [Obs.] Eden.

SOLICITATION So*lic`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. solicitation, or L. sollicitatio.]

1. The act of soliciting; earnest request; persistent asking; importunity.

2. Excitement; invitation; as, the solicitation of the senses. Locke.

SOLICITOR So*lic"it*or, n. Etym: [F. soliciteur, L. solicitator.]

1. One who solicits.

2. (Law) (a) An attorney or advocate; one who represents another in court; -- formerly, in English practice, the professional designation of a person admitted to practice in a court of chancery or equity. See the Note under Attorney. (b) The law officer of a city, town, department, or government; as, the city solicitor; the solicitor of the treasury.

SOLICITOR-GENERAL So*lic"it*or-gen"er*al, n.

Defn: The second law officer in the government of Great Britain; also, a similar officer under the United States government, who is associated with the attorney-general; also, the chief law officer of some of the States.

SOLICITOUS So*lic"it*ous, a.Etym: [L. sollicitus, solicitus. See Solicit, v. t.]

Defn: Disposed to solicit; eager to obtain something desirable, or to avoid anything evil; concerned; anxious; careful. "Solicitous of my reputation." Dryden. "He was solicitous for his advice." Calerendon. Enjoy the present, whatsoever it be, and be not solicitous about the future. Jer. Taylor. The colonel had been intent upon other things, and not enough solicitous to finish the fortifications. Clarendon. -- So*lic"it*ous*ly, adv. -- So*lic"it*ous*ness, n.

SOLICITRESS So*lic"it*ress, n.

Defn: A woman who solicits.

SOLICITUDE So*lic"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. sollicitude,r L. sollicitudo.]

Defn: The state of being solicitous; uneasiness of mind occasioned by fear of evil or desire good; anxiety. The many cares and great labors of worldly men, their solicitude and outward shows. Sir W. Raleigh. The mother looked at her with fond solicitude. G. W. Cable.

Syn. -- Carefulness; concern; anxiety. See Care.

SOLID Sol"id, a. Etym: [L. solidus, probably akin to sollus whole, entire, Gr. solide. Cf. Consolidate,Soda, Solder, Soldier, Solemn.]

1. Having the constituent parts so compact, or so firmly adhering, as to resist the impression or penetration of other bodies; having a fixed form; hard; firm; compact; -- opposed to fluid and liquid or to plastic, like clay, or to incompact, like sand.

2. Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a Ant: hollow one; not spongy; dense; hence, sometimes, heavy.

3. (Arith.)

Defn: Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches.

Note: In this sense, cubics now generally used.

4. Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.

5. Applied to a compound word whose parts are closely united and form an unbroken word; -- opposed to hyphened.

6. Fig.: Worthy of credit, trust, or esteem; substantial, as opposed to frivolous or fallacious; weighty; firm; strong; valid; just; genuine. The solid purpose of a sincere and virtuous answer. Milton. These, wanting wit, affect gravity, and go by the name of solid men. Dryden. The genius of the Italians wrought by solid toil what the myth-making imagination of the Germans had projected in a poem. J. A. Symonds.

7. Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body. I. Watts.

8. (Bot.)

Defn: Of a fleshy, uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root; not spongy or hollow within, as a stem.

9. (Metaph.)

Defn: Impenetrable; resisting or excluding any other material particle or atom from any given portion of space; -- applied to the supposed ultimate particles of matter.

10. (Print.)

Defn: Not having the lines separated by leads; not open.

11. United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation is solid for a candidate. [Polit. Cant. U.S.] Solid angle. (Geom.) See under Angle. -- Solid color, an even color; one not shaded or variegated. -- Solid green. See Emerald green (a), under Green. -- Solid measure (Arith.), a measure for volumes, in which the units are each a cube of fixed linear magnitude, as a cubic foot, yard, or the like; thus, a foot, in solid measure, or a solid foot, contains 1,728 solid inches. -- Solid newel (Arch.), a newel into which the ends of winding stairs are built, in distinction from a hollow newel. See under Hollow, a. -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem which can be construed geometrically, only by the intersection of a circle and a conic section or of two conic sections. Hutton. -- Solid square (Mil.), a square body or troops in which the ranks and files are equal.

Syn. -- Hard; firm; compact; strong; substantial; stable; sound; real; valid; true; just; weighty; profound; grave; important. -- Solid, Hard. These words both relate to the internal constitution of bodies; but hardnotes a more impenetrable nature or a firmer adherence of the component parts than solid. Hard is opposed to soft, and solid to fluid, liquid, open, or hollow. Wood is usually solid; but some kinds of wood are hard, and others are soft. Repose you there; while I [return] to this hard house, More harder than the stones whereof 't is raised. Shak. I hear his thundering voice resound, And trampling feet than shake the solid ground. Dryden.

SOLID Sol"id, n.

1. A substance that is held in a fixed form by cohesion among its particles; a substance not fluid.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A magnitude which has length, breadth, and thickness; a part of space bounded on all sides. Solid of revolution. (Geom.) See Revolution, n., 5.

SOLIDAGO Sol`i*da"go, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. solidare to strengthen, unite; -- so called in allusion to its reputed healing qualities.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of yellow-flowered composite perennial herbs; golden- rod.

SOLIDARE Sol"i*dare, n. Etym: [LL. solidus. Cf. Sou.]

Defn: A small piece of money. [Obs.] Shak.

SOLIDARITY Sol`i*dar"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. solidarité, fr. solide. See Solid.]

Defn: An entire union or consolidation of interests and responsibilities; fellowship; community. Solidarity [a word which we owe to the French Communists], signifies a fellowship in gain and loss, in honor and dishonor, in victory and defeat, a being, so to speak, all in the same boat. Trench. The solidarity . . . of Breton and Welsh poetry. M. Arnold.

SOLIDARY Sol"i*da*ry, a.

Defn: Having community of interests and responsibilities. Men are solidary, or copartners; and not isolated. M. Arnold.

SOLIDATE Sol"i*date, v. t. Etym: [L. solidatus, p. p. of solidare. See Solder.]

Defn: To make solid or firm. [Obs.] Cowley.

SOLID-DRAWN Sol"id-drawn`, a.

Defn: Drawn out from a heated solid bar, as by a process of spiral rolling which first hollows the bar and then expands the cavity by forcing the bar over a pointed mandrel fixed in front of the rolls; - - said of a weldless tube.

SOLIDIFIABLE So*lid"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being solidified.

SOLIDIFICATION So*lid`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. solidification.]

Defn: Act of solidifying, or state of being solidified.

SOLIDIFY So*lid"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solidified; p. pr. & vb. n. Solidifying.] Etym: [Solid + -fy: cf. F. solidifier.]

Defn: To make solid or compact. Every machine is a solidified mechanical theorem. H. Spencer.

SOLIDIFY So*lid"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become solid; to harden.

SOLIDISM Sol"id*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The doctrine that refers all diseases to morbid changes of the solid parts of the body. It rests on the view that the solids alone are endowed with vital properties, and can receive the impression of agents tending to produce disease.

SOLIDIST Sol"id*ist, n. (Med.)

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, solidism. Dunglison.

SOLIDITY So*lid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. soliditas: cf. F. solidité.]

1. The state or quality of being solid; density; consistency, -- opposed to fluidity; compactness; fullness of matter, -- opposed to openness or hollowness; strength; soundness, -- opposed to weakness or instability; the primary quality or affection of matter by which its particles exclude or resist all others; hardness; massiveness. That which hinders the approach of two bodies when they are moving one toward another, I call solidity. Locke.

2. Moral firmness; soundness; strength; validity; truth; certainty; - - as opposed to weakness or fallaciousness; as, the solidity of arguments or reasoning; the solidity of principles, triuths, or opinions.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The solid contents of a body; volume; amount of inclosed space.

Syn. -- Firmness; solidness; hardness; density; compactness; strength; soundness; validity; certainty.

SOLIDLY Sol"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a solid manner; densely; compactly; firmly; truly.

SOLIDNESS Sol"id*ness, n.

1. State or quality of being solid; firmness; compactness; solidity, as of material bodies.

2. Soundness; strength; truth; validity, as of arguments, reasons, principles, and the like.

SOLIDUNGULA Sol`id*un"gu*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. solidus solid + ungula a hoof.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of ungulates which includes the horse, ass, and related species, constituting the family Equidæ.

SOLIDUNGULAR Sol`id*un"gu*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Solipedous.

SOLIDUNGULATE Sol`id*un"gu*late, n. Etym: [Solid + ungulate.] (Zool.)

Defn: Same as Soliped.

SOLIDUNGULOUS Sol`id*un"gu*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Solipedous.

SOLIFIDIAN Sol`i*fid"i*an, n. Etym: [L. solus alone + fides faith.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is sufficient for justification; -- opposed to nullifidian. Hammond.

SOLIFIDIAN Sol`i*fid"i*an, a.

Defn: Holding the tenets of Solifidians; of or pertaining to the solifidians.

SOLIFIDIANISM Sol`i*fid"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: The state of Solifidians.

SOLIFORM Sol"i*form, a. Etym: [L. sol sun + -form.]

Defn: Like the sun in form, appearance, or nature; resembling the sun. [R.] "Soliform things." Cudworth.

SOLIFUGAE So*lif"u*gæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. solifuga (better solipuga), a kind of venomous ant, or spider.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of arachnids having large, powerful fangs and a segmented abdomen; -- called also Solpugidea, and Solpugides.

SOLILOQUIZE So*lil"o*quize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soliloquized; p. pr. & vb. n. Soliloquizing.]

Defn: To utter a soliloquy; to talk to one's self.

SOLILOQUY So*lil"o*quy, n.; pl. Soliloquies. Etym: [L. soliloquium; solus alone + loqui to speak. See Sole ly, and Loquacious.]

1. The act of talking to one's self; a discourse made by one in solitude to one's self; monologue. Lovers are always allowed the comfort of soliloquy. Spectator.

2. A written composition, reciting what it is supposed a person says to himself. The whole poem is a soliloquy. Prior.

SOLIPED Sol"i*ped, n. Etym: [Cf. F. solipède, It. solipede, Sp. solipedo; apparently fr. L. solus alone + pes, pedis, a foot; but probably fr. L. solidipes solid-footed, whole-hoofed. See Solid, and Pedal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mammal having a single hoof on each foot, as the horses and asses; a solidungulate. [Written also solipede.] The solipeds, or firm-hoofed animals, as horses, asses, and mules, etc., -- they are, also, in mighty number. Sir T. Browne.

SOLIPEDOUS So*lip"e*dous, a.

Defn: Having single hoofs.

SOLIPSISM So*lip"sism, n. Etym: [L. solus alone + ipse self.]

1. (Ethics)

Defn: Egotism. Krauth-Fleming.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: Egoism. Krauth-Fleming.

SOLISEQUIOUS Sol`i*se"qui*ous, a. Etym: [L. sol sun + sequi to follow.]

Defn: Following the course of the sun; as, solisequious plants. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SOLITAIRE Sol`i*taire", n. Etym: [F. See Solitary.]

1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit. Pope.

2. A single diamond in a setting; also, sometimes, a precious stone of any kind set alone. Diamond solitaires blazing on his breast and wrists. Mrs. R. H. Davis.

3. A game which one person can play alone; -- applied to many games of cards, etc.; also, to a game played on a board with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of the pieces by "jumping," as in draughts.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) A large extinct bird (Pezophaps solitaria) which formerly inhabited the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigeuz. It was larger and taller than the wild turkey. Its wings were too small for flight. Called also solitary. (b) Any species of American thrushlike birds of the genus Myadestes. They are noted their sweet songs and retiring habits. Called also fly-catching thrush. A West Indian species (Myadestes sibilans) is called the invisible bird.

SOLITARIAN Sol`i*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Solitary.]

Defn: A hermit; a solitary. [Obs.] Sir R. Twisden.

SOLITARIETY Sol`i*ta*ri"e*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being solitary; solitariness. [Obs.] Cudworth.

SOLITARILY Sol"i*ta*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a solitary manner; in solitude; alone. Mic. vii. 14.

SOLITARINESS Sol"i*ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Condition of being solitary.

SOLITARY Sol"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. solitarius, fr. solus alone: cf. F. solitaire. See Sole, a., and cf. Solitaire.]

1. Living or being by one's self; having no companion present; being without associates; single; alone; lonely. Those rare and solitary, these in flocks. Milton. Hie home unto my chamber, Where thou shalt find me, sad and solitary. Shak.

2. Performed, passed, or endured alone; as, a solitary journey; a solitary life. Satan . . . explores his solitary flight. Milton.

3. ot much visited or frequented remote from society; retired; lonely; as, a solitary residence or place.

4. Not inhabited or occupied; without signs of inhabitants or occupation; desolate; deserted; silent; still; hence, gloomy; dismal; as, the solitary desert. How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people. Lam. i. 1. Let that night be solitary; let no joyful voice come therein. Job iii. 7.

5. Single; individual; sole; as, a solitary instance of vengeance; a solitary example.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Not associated with others of the same kind. Solitary ant (Zoöl.), any solitary hymenopterous insect of the family Mutillidæ. The female of these insects is destitute of wings and has a powerful sting. The male is winged and resembles a wasp. Called also spider ant. -- Solitary bee (Zoöl.), any species of bee which does not form communities. -- Solitary sandpiper (Zoöl.), an American tattler (Totanus solitarius). -- Solitary snipe (Zoöl.), the great snipe. [Prov. Eng.] -- Solitary thrush (Zoöl.) the starling. [Prov. Eng.]

SOLITARY Sol"i*ta*ry, n.

Defn: One who lives alone, or in solitude; an anchoret; a hermit; a recluse.

SOLITUDE Sol"i*tude, n. Etym: [F., from L. solitudo, solus alone. See Sole, a.]

1. state of being alone, or withdrawn from society; a lonely life; loneliness. Whosoever is delighted with solitude is either a wild beast or a god. Bacon. O Solitude! where are the charms That sages have seen in thy face Cowper.

2. Remoteness from society; destitution of company; seclusion; -- said of places; as, the solitude of a wood. The solitude of his little parish is become matter of great comfort to him. Law.

3. solitary or lonely place; a desert or wilderness. In these deep solitudes and awful cells Where heavenly pensive contemplation dwells. Pope.

Syn. Loneliness; soitariness; loneness; retiredness; recluseness. -- Solitude, Retirement, Seclusion, Loneliness. Retirement is a withdrawal from general society, implying that a person has been engaged in its scenes. Solitude describes the fact that a person is alone; seclusion, that he is shut out from others, usually by his own choice; loneliness, that he feels the pain and oppression of being alone. Hence, retirement is opposed to a gay, active, or public life; solitude, to society; seclusion, to freedom of access on the part of others; and loneliness, enjoyment of that society which the heart demands. O blest retirement, friend to life's decline. Goldsmith. Such only can enjoy the country who are capable of thinking when they are there; then they are prepared for solitude; and in that [the country] solitude is prepared for them. Dryden. It is a place of seclusion from the external world. Bp. Horsley. These evils . . . seem likely to reduce it [a city] ere long to the loneliness and the insignificance of a village. Eustace.

SOLIVAGANT So*liv"a*gant, a. Etym: [L. solus alone + vagans wandering.]

Defn: Wandering alone. [R.] T. Grander.

SOLIVAGOUS So*liv"a*gous, a. Etym: [L. solivagus.]

Defn: Solivagant.

SOLLAR Sol"lar, n.

1. See Solar, n. [Obs.]

2. (Mining)

Defn: A platform in a shaft, especially one of those between the series of ladders in a shaft.

SOLLAR Sol"lar, v. t.

Defn: To cover, or provide with, a sollar.

SOLLEIN Sol"lein, a.

Defn: Sullen; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOLLERET Sol*ler*et", n. Etym: [F. soleretim. fr. OF. soler shoe.]

Defn: A flexible steel shoe (or one of the plates forming such a shoe), worn with mediæval armor.

SOLMIZATION Sol`mi*za"tion, n. Etym: [F. solmisation, fr. solmiser to sol-fa; -- called from the musical notes sol, mi. See Sol-fa.] (Mus.)

Defn: The act of sol-faing. [Written also solmisation.]

Note: This art was practiced by the Greeks; but six of the seven syllables now in use are generally attributed to Guido d' Arezzo, an Italian monk of the eleventh century, who is said to have taken them from the first syllables of the first six lines of the following stanza of a monkish hymn to St. John the Baptist. -- Ut queant laxis Resonare fibris Mira gestorum Famuli tuorum Solve polluti Labii reatum, Sancte Joannes. Professor Skeat says the name of the seventh note, si, was also formed by him [Guido] from the initials of the two words of the last line; but this is disputed, Littré attributing the first use of it to Anselm of Flanders long afterwards. The syllable do is often substituted for ut.

SOLO So"lo, n.; pl. E. Solos, It. Soli. Etym: [It., from L. solus alone. See Sole, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: A tune, air, strain, or a whole piece, played by a single person on an instrument, or sung by a single voice.

SOLOIST So"lo*ist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: One who sings or plays a solo.

SOLOMON Sol"o*mon, n.

Defn: One of the kings of Israel, noted for his superior wisdom and magnificent reign; hence, a very wise man. -- Sol`o*mon"ic, a. Solomon's seal (Bot.), a perennial liliaceous plant of the genus Polygonatum, having simple erect or curving stems rising from thick and knotted rootstocks, and with white or greenish nodding flowers. The commonest European species is Polygonatum multiflorum. P. biflorum and P. giganteum are common in the Eastern United States. See Illust. of Rootstock. False Solomon's seal (Bot.), any plant of the liliaceous genus Smilacina having small whitish flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.

SOLOMON'S SEAL Sol"o*mon's seal.

Defn: A mystic symbol consisting of two interlaced triangles forming a star with six points, often with one triangle dark and one light, symbolic of the union of soul and body.

SOLON So"lon, n.

Defn: A celebrated Athenian lawmaker, born about 638 b. c.; hence, a legislator; a publicist; -- often used ironically.

SOLO WHIST Solo whist.

Defn: A card game played with the full pack ranking as at whist, each player declaring for which of seven different points he proposes to play.

SOLPUGID Sol*pu"gid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Solifugæ. -- n.

Defn: One of the Solifugæ.

SOLPUGIDEA Sol`pu*gid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Solifugæ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Solifugæ.

SOLSTICE Sol"stice, n.Etym: [L. solstitium; sol the sun + sistere to cause to stand, akin to stare to stand: cf. F. solstice. See Solar, a., Stand, v. i.]

1. A stopping or standing still of the sun. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Astron.) (a) The point in the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest from the equator, north or south, namely, the first point of the sign Cancer and the first point of the sign Capricorn, the former being the summer solstice, latter the winter solstice, in northern latitudes; - - so called because the sun then apparently stands still in its northward or southward motion. (b) The time of the sun's passing the solstices, or solstitial points, namely, about June 21 and December 21. See Illust. in Appendix.

SOLSTITIAL Sol*sti"tial, a. Etym: [L. solstitialis: cf. F. solsticial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a solstice.

2. Happening at a solstice; esp. (with reference to the northern hemisphere), happening at the summer solstice, or midsummer. "Solstitial summer's heat." Milton.

SOLUBILITY Sol`u*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. solubilité.]

1. The quality, condition, or degree of being soluble or solvable; as, the solubility of a salt; the solubility of a problem or intricate difficulty.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The tendency to separate readily into parts by spurious articulations, as the pods of tick trefoil.

SOLUBLE Sol"u*ble, a. Etym: [L. solubilis, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, to dissolve: cf. F. soluble. See Solve, and cf. Solvable.]

1. Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of solution; as, some substances are soluble in alcohol which are not soluble in water. Sugar is . . . soluble in water and fusible in fire. Arbuthnot.

2. Susceptible of being solved; as, a soluble algebraic problem; susceptible of being disentangled, unraveled, or explained; as, the mystery is perhaps soluble. "More soluble is this knot." Tennyson.

3. Relaxed; open or readily opened. [R.] "The bowels must be kept soluble." Dunglison. Soluble glass. (Chem.) See under Glass.

SOLUBLENESS Sol"u*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being soluble.

SOLUS; SOLA So"lus, masc. a., So"la, fem. a. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Alone; -- chiefly used in stage directions, and the like.

SOLUTE So*lute", a. Etym: [L. solutus, p.p. of solvere to loosen. See Solve.]

1. Loose; free; liberal; as, a solute interpretation. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Relaxed; hence; merry; cheerful. [R.] A brow solute, and ever-laughing eye. Young.

3. Soluble; as, a solute salt. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Not adhering; loose; -- opposed to adnate; as, a solute stipule.

SOLUTE So*lute", v. t.

1. To dissolve; to resolve. [Obs.]

2. To absolve; as, to solute sin. [Obs.] Bale.

SOLUTION So*lu"tion, n. Etym: [OE. solucion, OF. solucion, F. solution, fr. L. solutio, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, dissolve. See Solve.]

1. The act of separating the parts of any body, or the condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption; breach. In all bodies there is an appetite of union and evitation of solution of continuity. Bacon.

2. The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult question; explanation; clearing up; -- used especially in mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation or problem, or the result of the process.

3. The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution; disintegration. It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise to assail the nations in their hour of faintness and solution, than at a time when magnificent and seductive systems of worship were at their height of energy and splendor. I. Taylor.

4. (Chem.Phys.)

Defn: The act or process by which a body (whether solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and, remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused throughout the solvent; also, the product reulting from such absorption.

Note: When a solvent will not take in any more of a substance the solution is said to be saturated. Solution is two kinds; viz.: (a) Mechanical solution, in which no marked chemical change takes place, and in which, in the case of solids, teh dissolved body can be regained by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in water. (b) Chemical solution, in which there is involved a decided chemical change, as when limestone or zinc undergoes solution in hydrochloric acid. Mechanical solution is regarded as a form of molecular or atomic attraction, and is probably occasioned by the formation of certain very weak and unstable compounds which are easily dissociated and pass into new and similar compounds.

Note: This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for fusion, or the melting of bodies by the heat of fire.

5. release; deliverance; disharge. [Obs.] Barrow.

6. (Med.) (a) The termination of a disease; resolution. (b) A crisis. (c) A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble. U. S. Disp. Fehling's solution (Chem.), a standardized solution of cupric hydrate in sodium potassium tartrate, used as a means of determining the reducing power of certain sugars and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide thrown down. -- Heavy solution (Min.), a liquid of high density, as a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide (called the Sonstadt or Thoulet solution) having a maximum specific gravity of 3.2, or of borotungstate of cadium (Klein solution, specific gravity 3.6), and the like. Such solutions are much used in determining the specific gravities of minerals, and in separating them when mechanically mixed as in a pulverized rock. -- Nessler's solution. See Nesslerize. -- Solution of continuity, the separation of connection, or of connected substances or parts; -- applied, in surgery, to a facture, laceration, or the like. "As in the natural body a wound, or solution of continuity, is worse than a corrupt humor, so in the spiritual." Bacon. -- Standardized solution (Chem.), a solution which is used as a reagent, and is of a known and standard strength; specifically, a normal solution, containing in each cubic centimeter as many milligrams of the element in question as the number representing its atomic weight; thus, a normal solution of silver nitrate would contain 107.7 mgr. of silver nitrate in each cubic centimeter.

SOLUTIVE Sol"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. solutif.]

Defn: Tending to dissolve; loosening; laxative. Bacon.

SOLVABILITY Solv`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. solvabilité.]

1. The quality or state of being solvable; as, the solvability of a difficulty; the solvability of a problem.

2. The condition of being solvent; ability to pay all just debts; solvency; as, the solvability of a merchant.

SOLVABLE Solv"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. solvable. See Solve, and cf. Soluble, Solvible.]

1. Susceptible of being solved, resolved, or explained; admitting of solution.

2. Capable of being paid and discharged; as, solvable obligations. Tooke.

3. Able to pay one's debts; solvent. [Obs.] Fuller.

SOLVABLENESS Solv"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being solvable.

SOLVE Solve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solved; p. pr. & vb. n. Solving.] Etym: [L. solvere, solutum; from a prefix so- expressing separation (cf. Sober) + luere to loosen; cf. OF. soldre, soudre. See Loose, and cf. Absolve.]

Defn: To explain; to resolve; to unfold; to clear up out to a result or conclusion; as, to solve a doubt; to solve difficulties; to solve a problem. True piety would effectually solve such scruples. South. God shall solve the dark decrees of fate. Tickell.

Syn. -- To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.

SOLVE Solve, n.

Defn: A solution; an explanation. [Obs.] Shak.

SOLVENCY Sol"ven*cy, n. Etym: [See Solvent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being solvent.

SOLVEND Sol"vend, n. Etym: [L. solvendus to be loosened or dissolved, fr. solvere. See Solution.]

Defn: A substance to be dissolved. [R.]

SOLVENT Sol"vent, a. Etym: [L. solvens, p.pr. of solvere. See Solvable.]

1. Having the power of dissolving; dissolving; as, a solvent fluid. "the solvent body." Boyle.

2. Able or sufficient to pay all just debts; as, a solvent merchant; the estate is solvent.

SOLVENT Sol"vent, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance (usually liquid) suitable for, or employed in, solution, or in dissolving something; as, water is the appropriate solvent of most salts, alcohol of resins, ether of fats, and mercury or acids of metal, etc.

2. That which resolves; as, a solvent of mystery.

SOLVER Sol"ver, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, solves.

SOLVIBLE Solv"i*ble, a.

Defn: See Solvable.

SOLY Sol"y, adv.

Defn: Solely. [Obs.] Spenser.

SOMA So"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail. B. G. Wilder.

SOMAJ; SAMAJ So"maj", Sa*maj", n.

Defn: A society; a congregation; a worshiping assembly, or church, esp. of the Brahmo-somaj. [India]

SOMALI; SOMAL So*ma"li, So*mal", n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Hamitic people of East Central Africa.

SOMATIC So*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to the body as a whole; corporeal; as, somatic death; somatic changes.

2. Of or pertaining to the wall of the body; somatopleuric; parietal; as, the somatic stalk of the yolk sac of an embryo. Somatic death. See the Note under Death, n., 1.

SOMATICAL So*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Somatic.

SOMATICS So*mat"ics, n.

Defn: The science which treats of the general properties of matter; somatology.

SOMATIST So"ma*tist, n.

Defn: One who admits the existence of material beings only; a materialist. Glanvill.

SOMATOCYST So"ma*to*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity in the primary nectocalyx of certain Siphonophora. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

SOMATOLOGY So`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. The dictrine or the science of the general properties of material substances; somatics.

2. A treatise on the human body; anatomy. Dunglison.

SOMATOME So"ma*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat. & (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Somite.

SOMATOPLEURE So"ma*to*pleure, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The outer, or parietal, one of the two lamellæ into which the vertebrate blastoderm divides on either side of the notochord, and from which the walls of the body and the amnion are developed. See Splanchopleure.

SOMATOPLEURIC So`ma*to*pleu"ric, a. (Anat.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the somatopleure.

SOMATOTROPISM So`ma*tot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A directive influence exercised by a mass of matter upon growing organs. Encyc. Brit.

SOMBER; SOMBRE Som"ber, Som"bre, a. Etym: [F. sombre; cf. Sp. sombra, shade, prob. from LL. subumbrare to put in the shade; L. sub under + umbra shade. See Umbrage.]

1. Dull; dusky; somewhat dark; gloomy; as, a somber forest; a somber house.

2. Melancholy; sad; grave; depressing; as, a somber person; somber reflections. The dinner was silent and somber; happily it was also short. Beaconsfield.

SOMBER; SOMBRE Som"ber, Som"bre, v. t.

Defn: To make somber, or dark; to make shady. [R.]

SOMBER; SOMBRE Som"ber, Som"bre, n.

Defn: Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness. [Obs.]

SOMBERLY; SOMBRELY Som"ber*ly, Som"bre*ly, adv.

Defn: In a somber manner; sombrously; gloomily; despondingly.

SOMBERNESS; SOMBRENESS Som"ber*ness, Som"bre*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being somber; gloominess.

SOMBRERO Som*bre"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., from sombra shade. See Sombre.]

Defn: A kind of broad-brimmed hat, worn in Spain and in Spanish America. Marryat.

SOMBROUS Som"brous, a. Etym: [Cf. Sp. sombroso.]

Defn: Gloomy; somber. "Tall and sombrous pines." Longfellow. -- Som"brous*ly, adv. -- Som"brous*ness, n.

-SOME -some (-som).

Defn: A combining form or suffix from Gr. sw^ma (gen. sw`matos) the body; as in merosome, a body segment; cephalosome, etc.

-SOME -some (-sûm). Etym: [AS. -sum; akin to G. & OHG. -sam, Icel. samr, Goth. lustusams longed for. See Same, a., and cf. Some, a.]

Defn: An adjective suffix having primarily the sense of like or same, and indicating a considerable degree of the thing or quality denoted in the first part of the compound; as in mettlesome, full of mettle or spirit; gladsome, full of gladness; winsome, blithesome, etc.

SOME Some, a. Etym: [OE. som, sum, AS. sum; akin to OS., OFries., & OHG. sum, OD. som, D. sommig, Icel. sumr, Dan. somme (pl.), Sw. somlige (pl.), Goth. sums, and E. same. sq. root191. See Same, a., and cf. - some.]

1. Consisting of a greater or less portion or sum; composed of a quantity or number which is not stated; -- used to express an indefinite quantity or number; as, some wine; some water; some persons. Used also pronominally; as, I have some. Some theoretical writers allege that there was a time when there was no such thing as society. Blackstone.

2. A certain; one; -- indicating a person, thing, event, etc., as not known individually, or designated more specifically; as, some man, that is, some one man. "Some brighter clime." Mrs. Barbauld. Some man praiseth his neighbor by a wicked intent. Chaucer. Most gentlemen of property, at some period or other of their lives, are ambitious of representing their county in Parliament. Blackstone.

3. Not much; a little; moderate; as, the censure was to some extent just.

4. About; near; more or less; -- used commonly with numerals, but formerly also with a singular substantive of time or distance; as, a village of some eighty houses; some two or three persons; some hour hence. Shak. The number slain on the rebel's part were some two thousand. Bacon.

5. Considerable in number or quality. "Bore us some leagues to sea." Shak. On its outer point, some miles away. The lighthouse lifts its massive masonry. Longfellow.

6. Certain; those of one part or portion; -- in distinct from other or others; as, some men believe one thing, and others another. Some [seeds] fell among thorns; . . . but other fell into good ground. Matt. xiii. 7, 8.

7. A part; a portion; -- used pronominally, and followed sometimes by of; as, some of our provisions. Your edicts some reclaim from sins, But most your life and blest example wins. Dryden. All and some, one and all. See under All, adv. [Obs.]

Note: The illiterate in the United States and Scotland often use some as an adverb, instead of somewhat, or an equivalent expression; as, I am some tired; he is some better; it rains some, etc. Some . . . some, one part . . . another part; these . . . those; -- used distributively. Some to the shores do fly, Some to the woods, or whither fear advised. Daniel.

Note: Formerly used also of single persons or things: this one . . . that one; one . . . another. Some in his bed, some in the deep sea. Chaucer.

SOMEBODY Some"bod*y, n.

1. A person unknown or uncertain; a person indeterminate; some person. Jesus said, Somebody hath touched me. Luke viii. 46. We must draw in somebody that may stand "Twixt us and danger." Denham.

2. A person of consideration or importance. Before these days rose up Theudas, boasting himself to be somebody. Acts v. 36.

SOMEDEAL Some"deal`, adv.

Defn: In some degree; somewhat. [Written also sumdel, sumdeale, and sumdele.] [Obs.] "She was somedeal deaf." Chaucer. Thou lackest somedeal their delight. Spenser.

SOMEHOW Some"how`, adv.

Defn: In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow. By their action upon one another they may be swelled somehow, so as to shorten the length. Cheyne.

Note: The indefiniteness of somehow is emphasized by the addition of or other. Although youngest of the familly, he has somehow or other got the entire management of all the others. Sir W. Scott.

SOMERSAULT; SOMERSET Som"er*sault, Som"er*set, n. Etym: [F. soubresaut a jump, leap, OF. soubresault, It. soprassalto an overleap, fr. L. supra over + saltus a leap, fr. salire to leap; or the French may be from Sp. sobresalto a sudden asault, a surprise. See Supra, and Salient.]

Defn: A leap in which a person turns his heels over his head and lights upon his feet; a turning end over end. [Written also summersault, sommerset, summerset, etc.] "The vaulter's sombersalts." Donne. Now I'll only Make him break his neck in doing a sommerset. Beau. & Fl.

SOMETHING Some"thing, n.

1. Anything unknown, undetermined, or not specifically designated; a certain indefinite thing; an indeterminate or unknown event; an unspecified task, work, or thing. There is something in the wind. Shak. The whole world has something to do, something to talk of, something to wish for, and something to be employed about. Pope. Something attemped, something done, Has earned a night's repose. Longfellow.

2. A part; a portion, more or less; an indefinite quantity or degree; a little. Something yet of doubt remains. Milton. Something of it arises from our infant state. I. Watts.

3. A person or thing importance. If a man thinketh himself to be something, when he is nothing, he deceiveth himself. Gal. vi. 3.

SOMETHING Some"thing

Defn: , adv. In some degree; somewhat; to some exrent; at some distance. Shak. I something fear my father's wrath. Shak. We have something fairer play than a reasoner could have expected formerly. Burke. My sense of touch is something coarse. Tennyson. It must be done to-night, And something from the palace. Shak.

SOMETIME Some"time`, adv.

1. At a past time indefinitely referred to; once; formerly. Did they not sometime cry "All hail" to me Shak.

2. At a time undefined; once in a while; now and then; sometimes. Sometime we see a cloud that's dragonish, A vapor sometime like a bear or lion. Shak.

3. At one time or other hereafter; as, I will do it sometime. "Sometime he reckon shall." Chaucer.

SOMETIME Some"time`, a.

Defn: Having been formerly; former; late; whilom. Our sometime sister, now our queen. Shak. Ion, our sometime darling, whom we prized. Talfourd.

SOMETIMES Some"times`, adv. Etym: [Sometime + adverbial ending -s, as in - wards.]

1. Formerly; sometime. [Obs.] That fair and warlike form In which the majesty of buried Denmark Did sometimes march. Shak.

2. At times; at intervals; now and then;occasionally. It is good that we sometimes be contradicted. Jer. Taylor. Sometimes . . . sometimes, at certain times . . . at certain other times; as, sometimes he is earnest, sometimes he is frivolous.

SOMETIMES Some"times`, a.

Defn: Former; sometime. [Obs.] Thy sometimes brother's wife. Shak.

SOMEWHAT Some"what`, n.

1. More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more or less; something. These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste. Grew. Somewhat of his good sense will suffer, in this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost. Dryden.

2. A person or thing of importance; a somebody. Here come those that worship me. They think that I am somewhat. Tennyson.

SOMEWHAT Some"what`, adv.

Defn: In some degree or measure; a little. His giantship is gone, somewhat crestfallen. Milton. Somewhat back from the village street. Longfellow.

SOMEWHEN Some"when`, adv.

Defn: At some indefinite time. [R.]

SOMEWHERE Some"where`, adv.

Defn: In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or another. "Somewhere nigh at hand." Milton.

SOMEWHILE Some"while`, adv.

Defn: Once; for a time. Though, under color of shepherds, somewhile There crept in wolves, full of fraund and guile. Spenser.

SOMEWHITHER Some"whith`er, adv.

Defn: To some indeterminate place; to some place or other. Driven by the winds of temptation somewhither. Barrow.

SOMITE So"mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.& Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the actual or ideal serial segments of which an animal, esp. an articulate or vertebrate, is composed; somatome; metamere. -- So*mit`ic, a.

SOMMEIL Som`meil", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Slumber; sleep.

SOMMERSET Som"mer*set, n.

Defn: See Somersault.

SOMNAMBULAR Som*nam"bu*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to somnambulism; somnambulistic. Mrs. Browning.

SOMNAMBULATE Som*nam"bu*late, v. i. & t.

Defn: To walk when

SOMNAMBULATION Som*nam`bu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + ambulatio a walking about, from ambulare to walk. See Somnolent, Amble.]

Defn: The act of walking in sleep.

SOMNAMBULATOR Som*nam"bu*la`tor, n.

Defn: A somnambulist.

SOMNAMBULE Som*nam"bule, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A somnambulist.

SOMNAMBULIC Som*nam"bu*lic, a.

Defn: Somnambulistic.

SOMNAMBULISM Som*nam"bu*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. somnambulisme. See Somnambulation.]

Defn: A condition of the nervous system in which an individual during sleep performs actions approppriate to the waking state; a state of sleep in which some of the senses and voluntary powers are partially awake; noctambulism.

SOMNAMBULIST Som*nam"bu*list, n.

Defn: A person who is subject to somnambulism; one who walks in his sleep; a sleepwalker; a noctambulist.

SOMNAMBULISTIC Som*nam`bu*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a somnambulist or somnambulism; affected by somnambulism; appropriate to the state of a somnambulist. Whether this was an intentional and waking departure, or a somnambulistic leave-taking and waking in her sleep, may remain a subject of contention. Dickens.

SOMNE Som"ne, v. t.

Defn: To summon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOMNER Som"ner, n.

Defn: A summoner; esp., one who summons to an ecclesiastical court. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SOMNIAL Som"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. spmnialis dream bringing, fr. somnium dream, fr. somnus sleep.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sleep or dreams. The somnial magic superinducted on, without suspending, the active powers of the mind. Coleridge.

SOMNIATIVE Som"ni*a*tive, a.

Defn: Somnial; somniatory. [R.]

SOMNIATORY Som"ni*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to sleep or dreams; somnial. [Obs. or R.] Urquhart.

SOMNICULOUS Som*nic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. somniculosus.]

Defn: Inclined to sleep; drowsy; sleepy. [Obs.]

SOMNIFEROUS Som*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. somnifer; somnus sleep + ferre to bring.]

Defn: Causing or inducing sleep; soporific; dormitive; as, a somniferous potion. Walton.

SOMNIFIC Som*nif"ic, a. Etym: [L. somnificus; somnus sleep + facere to make.]

Defn: Causing sleep; somniferous.

SOMNIFUGOUS Som*nif"u*gous, a. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + fugare to put to flight.]

Defn: Driving away sleep. [Obs.]

SOMNILOQUENCE Som*nil"o*quence, n.

Defn: The act of talking in one's sleep; somniloquism.

SOMNILOQUISM Som*nil"o*quism, n.

Defn: The act or habit of talking in one's sleep; somniloquy. Coleridge.

SOMNILOQUIST Som*nil"o*quist, n.

Defn: One who talks in his sleep.

SOMNILOQUOUS Som*nil"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + loqui to speak.]

Defn: Apt to talk in sleep.

SOMNILOQUY Som*nil"o*quy, n.

Defn: A talking in sleep; the talking of one in a state of somnipathy. [R.] Coleridge.

SOMNIPATHIST Som*nip"a*thist, n.

Defn: A person in a state of somniapathy.

SOMNIPATHY Som*nip"a*thy, n. Etym: [L. somnus sleep + Gr.

Defn: Sleep from sympathy, or produced by mesmerism or the like. [Written also somnopathy.]

SOMNOLENCE; SOMNOLENCY Som"no*lence, Som"no*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. somnolentia: cf. F. somnolence.]

Defn: Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

SOMNOLENT Som"no*lent, a. Etym: [F. somnolent, L. somnolentus, from somnus sleep, akin to Gr. svapna sleep, dream, svap to sleep, Icel. sofa, AS. swefn sleep. Cf. Hypnotic, Somnambulism, Soporific.]

Defn: Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep. -- Som"no*lent*ly, adv. He had no eye for such phenomens, because he had a somnolent want of interest in them. De Quincey.

SOMNOLISM Som"no*lism, n.

Defn: The somnolent state induced by animal magnetism. Thomas (Med. Dict.).

SOMNOPATHY Som*nop"a*thy, n.

Defn: Somnipathy.

SOMNOUR Som"nour, n.

Defn: A summoner; an apparitor; a sompnour. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SOMONAUNCE; SOMONCE Som"on*aunce, Som"once, n. Etym: [See Summon, Summons.]

Defn: A summons; a citation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOMONOUR Som"on*our, n.

Defn: A summoner. [Obs.]

SOMPNE Somp"ne ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To summon; to cite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SOMPNOUR Somp"nour, n.

Defn: A summoner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SON Son, n. Etym: [OE. sone, sune, AS. sunu; akin to D. zoon, OS., OFries., & OHG. sunu, G. sohn, Icel. sonr, Sw. son, Dan. sön, Goth. sunus, Lith. sunus, Russ. suin', Skr. sunu (from su to beget, to bear), and Gr. Sow, n.]

1. A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent, father or mother. Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son. Gen. xxi. 2.

2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, in the plural, descendants in general. I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings. Isa. xix. 11. I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed. Mal. iii. 6.

3. Any young male person spoken of as a child; an adopted male child; a pupil, ward, or any other male dependent. The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. Ex. ii. 10. Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift. Shak.

4. A native or inhabitant of some specified place; as, sons of Albion; sons of New England.

5. The produce of anything. Earth's tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine. Blackmore.

6. (Commonly with the def. article)

Defn: Jesus Christ, the Savior; -- called the Son of God, and the Son of man. We . . . do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the world. 1 John iv. 14. Who gave His Son sure all has given. Keble.

Note: The expressions son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial, are Hebraisms, which denote persons possessing the qualitites of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors. Sons of the prophets. See School of the prophets, under Prophet.

SONANCE So"nance, n.

1. A sound; a tune; as, to sound the tucket sonance. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The quality or state of being sonant.

SONANT So"nant, a. Etym: [L. sonans, -antis, p.pr. of sonare to sound. See Sound a noise.]

1. Of or pertaining to sound; sounding.

2. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered, as an element of speech, with tone or proper vocal sound, as distinguished from mere breath sound; intonated; voiced; tonic; the opposite of nonvocal, or surd; -- sid of the vowels, semivowels, liquids, and nasals, and particularly of the consonants b, d, g hard, v, etc., as compared with their cognates p, t, k, f, etc., which are called nonvocal, surd, or aspirate. -- n.

Defn: A sonant letter.

SONATA So*na"ta, n. Etym: [It., fr. It. & L. sonare to sound. See Sound a noise.] (Mus.)

Defn: An extended composition for one or two instruments, consisting usually of three or four movements; as, Beethoven's sonatas for the piano, for the violin and piano, etc.

Note: The same general structure prevails in symphonies, instrumental trios, quartets, etc., and even in classical concertos. The sonata form, distinctively, characterizes the quick opening movement, which may have a short, slow introduction; the second, or slow, movement is either in the song or variation form; third comes the playful minuet of the more modern scherzo; then the quick finale in the rondo form. But both form and order are sometimes exceptional.

SONATINA So`na*ti"na, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short and simple sonata.

SONCY; SONSY Son"cy, Son"sy, a. Etym: [Scot. sonce, sons, prosperity, happiness, fr. Gael. & Ir. sonas.]

Defn: Lucky; fortunate; thriving; plump. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SOND; SONDE Sond, Sonde, n. Etym: [AS. sand. See Send, v. t.]

Defn: That which is sent; a message or messenger; hence, also, a visitation of providence; an affliction or trial. [Obs.] Ye have enough, parde, of Goddes sond. Chaucer.

SONDELI Son"de*li, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The musk shrew. See under Musk.

SONDERCLASS Son"der*class`, n. [G. sonderklasse special class.] (Yachting)

Defn: A special class of small yachts developed in Germany under the patronage of Emperor William and Prince Henry of Prussia, and so called because these yachts do not conform to the restrictions for the regular classes established by the rules of the International Yacht Racing Union. In yachts of the sonderclass, as prescribed for the season of 1911, the aggregate of the length on water line, extreme beam, and extreme draft must be not more than 32 feet; the weight, not less than 4,035 pounds (without crew); the sail area, not more than 550 square yards; and the cost of construction (for American boats) not more than $2400. The crew must be amateurs and citizens of the country in which the yacht was built.

SONG Song, n. Etym: [AS. song, sang, fr. singan to sing; akin to D. zang, G. sang, Icel. söngr, Goeth. sagws. See Sing.]

1. That which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of a human being or of a bird, insect, etc. "That most ethereal of all sounds, the song of crickets." Hawthorne.

2. A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a ballad.

3. More generally, any poetical strain; a poem. The bard that first adorned our native tongue Tuned to his British lyre this ancient song. Dryden.

4. Poetical composition; poetry; verse. This subject for heroic song. Milton.

5. An object of derision; a laughingstock. And now am I their song. yea, I am their byword. Job xxx. 9.

6. A trifle. "The soldier's pay is a song." Silliman. Old song, a trifle; nothing of value. "I do not intend to be thus put off with an old song." Dr. H. More. -- Song bird (Zoöl.), any singing bird; one of the Oscines. -- Song sparrow (Zoöl.), a very common North American sparrow (Melospiza fasciata, or M. melodia) noted for the sweetness of its song in early spring. Its breast is covered with dusky brown streaks which form a blotch in the center. -- Song thrush (Zoöl.), a common European thrush (Turdus musicus), noted for its melodius song; -- called also mavis, throsite, and thrasher.

Syn. -- Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty; hymn; descant; lay; strain; poesy; verse.

SONGCRAFT Song"craft`, n.

Defn: The art of making songs or verse; metrical composition; versification. A half-effected inscription. Written with little skill of songcraft. Longfellow.

SONGFUL Song"ful, a.

Defn: Disposed to sing; full of song.

SONGISH Song"ish, a.

Defn: Consisting of songs. [R.] Dryden.

SONGLESS Song"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of the power of song; without song; as, songless birds; songless woods.

SONGSTER Song"ster, n. Etym: [AS. sangestre a female singer.]

1. One who sings; one skilled in singing; -- not often applied to human beings.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A singing bird.