Chapter XVIII: Front Matter (18)

3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food. Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism. -- Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc. -- Animal flower (Zoöl.), a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. -- Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. -- Animal spirits. See under Spirit. -- Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers.

Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: -Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes, Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia (Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa, including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda). Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera, Chætognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina, Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. Molluscoidea, including Brachiopoda and Bryozoa. Mollusca, including Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or Acephala. Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea, Echinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea. Coelenterata, including Anthozoa or Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa or Acalephs. Spongiozoa or Porifera, including the sponges. Protozoa, including Infusoria and Rhizopoda. For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.

ANIMALCULAR; ANIMALCULINE An`i*mal"cu*lar, An`i*mal"cu*line, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. "Animalcular life." Tyndall.

ANIMALCULE An`i*mal"cule, n. Etym: [As if fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of animal.]

1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.] Ray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria.

Note: Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the Desmidiacæ, and the siliceous Diatomaceæ. Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa.

ANIMALCULISM An`i*mal"cu*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculisme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological by means of animalcules.

ANIMALCULIST An`i*mal"cu*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculiste.]

1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules. Keith.

2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.

ANIMALCULUM An`i*mal"cu*lum, n.; pl. Animalcula. Etym: [NL. See Animalcule.]

Defn: An animalcule.

Note: Animalculæ, as if from a Latin singular animalcula, is a barbarism.

ANIMALISH An"i*mal*ish, a.

Defn: Like an animal.

ANIMALISM An"i*mal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisme.]

Defn: The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.

ANIMALITY An`i*mal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalité.]

Defn: Animal existence or nature. Locke.

ANIMALIZATION An`i*mal*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisation.]

1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties.

2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation. Owen.

ANIMALIZE An"i*mal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Animalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. animaliser.]

1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form. Warburton.

2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.

3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize. The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the animalizing tendency of his own philosophy. Coleridge.

ANIMALLY An"i*mal*ly, adv.

Defn: Physically. G. Eliot.

ANIMALNESS An"i*mal*ness, n.

Defn: Animality. [R.]

ANIMASTIC An`i*mas"tic, a. Etym: [L. anima breath, life.]

Defn: Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.

ANIMASTIC An`i*mas"tic, n.

Defn: Psychology. [Obs.]

ANIMATE An"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animated; p. pr. & vb. n. Animating.] Etym: [L. animatus, p. p. of animare, fr. anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul, mind, Gr. an to breathe, live, Goth. us-anan to expire (us- out), Icel. önd breath, anda to breathe, OHG. ando anger. Cf. Animal.]

1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to animate a lyre. Dryden.

3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven. The more to animate the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto them with a loud voice. Knolles.

Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.

ANIMATE An"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. animatus, p. p.]

Defn: Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively. The admirable structure of animate bodies. Bentley.

ANIMATED An"i*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous. "Animated sounds." Pope. "Animated bust." Gray. "Animated descriptions." Lewis.

ANIMATEDLY An"i*ma`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: With animation.

ANIMATER An"i*ma`ter, n.

Defn: One who animates. De Quincey.

ANIMATING An"i*ma"ting, a.

Defn: Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing. "Animating cries." Pope. -- An"i*ma`ting*ly, adv.

ANIMATION An`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. animatio, fr. animare.]

1. The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive. The animation of the same soul quickening the whole frame. Bp. Hall. Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I posses of animation. Landor.

2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the story with great animation. Suspended animation, temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.

Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See Liveliness.

ANIMATIVE An"i*ma*tive, a

Defn: Having the power of giving life or spirit. Johnson.

ANIMATOR An"i*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. animare.]

Defn: One who, or that which, animates; an animater. Sir T. Browne.

ANIME A"ni*mé`, a. Etym: [F., animated.] (Her.)

Defn: Of a different tincture from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious animal. Brande & C.

ANIME A"ni*mé, n. Etym: [F. animé animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.]

Defn: A resin exuding from a tropical American tree (Hymenæa courbaril), and much used by varnish makers. Ure.

ANIMISM An"i*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See Animate.]

1. The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body.

2. The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter. Tylor.

ANIMIST An"i*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animiste.]

Defn: One who maintains the doctrine of animism.

ANIMISTIC An`i*mis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to animism. Huxley. Tylor.

ANIMOSE; ANIMOUS An`i*mose", An"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. animosus, fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.]

Defn: Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.] Ash.

ANIMOSENESS An`i*mose"ness, n.

Defn: Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]

ANIMOSITY An`i*mos"i*ty, n.; pl. Animosities. Etym: [F. animosité, fr. L. animositas. See Animose, Animate, v. t.]

1. Mere spiritedness or courage. [Obs.] Skelton. Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth. Holland.

2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- Animosity, Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed; animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The animosities which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church. Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make enmities irreconcilable. Spectator. [These] factions . . . never suspended their animosities till they ruined that unhappy government. Hume.

ANIMUS An"i*mus, n.; pl. Animi. Etym: [L., mind.]

Defn: Animating spirit; intention; temper. nimus furandi Etym: [L.] (Law), intention of stealing.

ANION An"i*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro- chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; -- opposed to cation. Faraday.

ANISE An"ise, n. Etym: [OE. anys, F. anis, L. anisum, anethum, fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.

2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.

ANISEED An"i*seed, n.

Defn: The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. "Oil of aniseed." Brande & C.

ANISETTE An`i*sette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds. De Colange.

ANISIC A*nis"ic, a.

Defn: Of or derived from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic alcohol.

ANISOCORIA An`i*so*co"ri*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. + pupil.] (Med.)

Defn: Inequality of the pupils of the eye.

ANISODACTYLA; ANISODACTYLS An`i*so*dac"ty*la, An`i*so*dac"tyls, n. pl. Etym: [NL. anisodactyla, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.

ANISODACTYLOUS An`i*so*dac"ty*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds.

ANISOL An"i*sol, n. [Anisic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl phenyl ether, C6H5OCH3, got by distilling anisic acid or by the action of methide on potassium phenolate.

ANISOMERIC An`i*so*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions.

ANISOMEROUS An`i*som"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Anisomeric.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens.

ANISOMETRIC An`i*so*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. isometric.]

Defn: Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three unequal axes. Dana.

ANISOMETROPIA An`i*so*me*tro"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. + measure + , , eye.]

Defn: Unequal refractive power in the two eyes.

ANISOPETALOUS An`i*so*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal petals.

ANISOPHYLLOUS An`i*soph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal leaves.

ANISOPLEURA An`i*so*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.

ANISOPODA An`i*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.

ANISOSPORE An"i*so*spore`, n. [Gr. priv. + isospore.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size; -- opposed to isospore.

ANISOSTEMONOUS An`i*so*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals.

ANISOSTHENIC An`i*so*sthen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of unequal strength.

ANISOTROPE; ANISOTROPIC An"i*so*trope`, An`i*so*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic.

ANISOTROPOUS An`i*sot"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Anisotropic.

ANISYL An"i*syl, n. (Org. Chem.) (a) The univalent radical, CH3OC6H4, of which anisol is the hydride. (b) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CH2; as, anisyl alcohol. (c) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CO, of anisic acid.

ANITO A*ni"to, n.; pl. -tos (#). [Sp.]

Defn: In Guam and the Philippines, an idol, fetich, or spirit.

ANKER An"ker, n. Etym: [D. anker: cf. LL. anceria, ancheria.]

Defn: A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch anker, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8

ANKERITE An"ker*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F. ankérite, G. ankerit.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.

ANKH Ankh, n. [Egypt.] (Egypt. Archæol.)

Defn: A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called also crux ansata.

ANKLE An"kle, n. Etym: [OE. ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin to Icel. ökkla, ökli, Dan. and Sw. ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G. enkel, and perh. OHG. encha, ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb, anguri finger. Cf. Haunch.]

Defn: The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus. Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.

ANKLED An"kled, a.

Defn: Having ankles; -- used in composition; as, well-ankled. Beau. & Fl.

ANKLET An"klet, n.

Defn: An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.

ANKUS An"kus, n. [Hind., fr. Skr. ankuça.]

Defn: An elephant goad with a sharp spike and hook, resembling a short-handled boat hook. [India] Kipling.

ANKYLOSE An"ky*lose, v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Anchylose.

ANKYLOSIS An`ky*lo"sis, n.

Defn: Same as Anchylosis.

ANKYLOSTOMIASIS An`ky*los*to*mi"a*sis, n. [NL., fr. Ankylostoma, var. of Agchylostoma, generic name of one genus of the parasitic nematodes.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease due to the presence of the parasites Agchylostoma duodenale, Uncinaria (subgenus Necator) americana, or allied nematodes, in the small intestine. When present in large numbers they produce a severe anæmia by sucking the blood from the intestinal walls. Called also miner's anæmia, tunnel disease, brickmaker's anæmia, Egyptian chlorosis.

ANLACE An"lace, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.]

Defn: A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle. [Written also anelace.]

ANLAUT An"laut`, n. [G.; an on + laut sound.] (Phon.)

Defn: An initial sound, as of a word or syllable.

-- Im anlaut, initially; when initial; --used of sounds.

ANN; ANNAT Ann, An"nat, n. Etym: [LL. annata income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annate annats.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.

ANNA An"na, n. Etym: [Hindi ana.]

Defn: An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2

ANNAL An"nal, n.

Defn: See Annals.

ANNALIST An"nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annaliste.]

Defn: A writer of annals. The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.

ANNALISTIC An`nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as, the dry annalistic style."A stiff annalistic method." Sir G. C. Lewis.

ANNALIZE An"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To record in annals. Sheldon.

ANNALS An"nals, n. pl. Etym: [L. annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles, fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.]

1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. "Annals the revolution." Macaulay. "The annals of our religion." Rogers.

2. Historical records; chronicles; history. The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray. It was one of the most critical periods in our annals. Burke.

3. sing.

Defn: The record of a single event or item. "In deathless annal." Young.

4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as "Annals of Science."

Syn. -- History. See History.

ANNATS; ANNATES An"nats, An"nates, n. pl. Etym: [See Ann.] (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.

ANNEAL An*neal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annealing.] Etym: [OE. anelen to heat, burn, AS. an; an on + to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller, fr. LL. nigellare to blacken, fr. L. nigellus blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello, Negro.]

1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen.

2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.

ANNEALER An*neal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, anneals.

ANNEALING An*neal"ing, n.

1. The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.

2. The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.

ANNECTENT An*nec"tent, a. Etym: [L. annectere to tie or bind to. See Annex.]

Defn: Connecting; annexing. Owen.

ANNELID; ANNELIDAN An`ne*lid, An*nel"i*dan, a. Etym: [F. annélide, fr. anneler to arrange in rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a ring, dim. of annulus a ring.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annelida. -- n.

Defn: One of the Annelida.

ANNELIDA An*nel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Annelid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Chætopoda, including the Oligochæta or earthworms and Polychæta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Chætopoda.

ANNELIDOUS An*nel"i*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the nature of an annelid.

ANNELLATA An`nel*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Annelida.

ANNELOID An"ne*loid, n. Etym: [F. annelé ringed + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal resembling an annelid.

ANNEX An*nex", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annexing.] Etym: [F. annexer, fr. L. annexus, p. p. of annectere to tie or bind to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. nah to bind.]

1. To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed by to. "He annexed a codicil to a will." Johnson.

2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater. He annexed a province to his kingdom. Johnson.

3. To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See Add.

ANNEX An*nex", v. i.

Defn: To join; to be united. Tooke.

ANNEX An*nex", n. Etym: [F. annexe, L. annexus, neut. annexum, p. p. of annectere.]

Defn: Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.

ANNEXATION An`nex*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annexation. See Annex, v. t.]

1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold.

2. (a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown. Wharton.

ANNEXATIONIST An`nex*a"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors annexation.

ANNEXER An*nex"er, n.

Defn: One who annexes.

ANNEXION An*nex"ion, n. Etym: [L. annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F. annexion.]

Defn: Annexation. [R.] Shak.

ANNEXIONIST An*nex"ion*ist, n.

Defn: An annexationist. [R.]

ANNEXMENT An*nex"ment, n.

Defn: The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage. [R.] Shak.

ANNIHILABLE An*ni"hi*la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being annihilated.

ANNIHILATE An*ni"hi*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annihilated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annihilating.] Etym: [L. annihilare; ad + nihilum, nihil, nothing, ne hilum (filum) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. File, a row.]

1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be. It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. Bacon.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the trees. "To annihilate the army." Macaulay.

3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law, rights, goodness.

ANNIHILATE An*ni"hi*late, a.

Defn: Anhilated. [Archaic] Swift.

ANNIHILATION An*ni`hi*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annihilation.]

1. The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the annihilation of a corporation.

2. The state of being annihilated. Hooker.

ANNIHILATIONIST An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist, n. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.

ANNIHILATIVE An*ni"hi*la*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to annihilate; destructive.

ANNIHILATOR An*ni"hi*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator.

ANNIHILATORY An*ni"hi*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Annihilative.

ANNIVERSARILY An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Annually. [R.] Bp. Hall.

ANNIVERSARY An`ni*ver"sa*ry, a. Etym: [L. anniversarius; annus year + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. anniversaire.]

Defn: Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary feast. Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.). See Anniversary, n., 2. -- Anniversary week, that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. [Eastern U. S.]

ANNIVERSARY An`ni*ver"sa*ry, n.; pl. Anniversaries. Etym: [Cf. F. anniversaire.]

1. The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope.

3. The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day. Dryden.

ANNIVERSE An"ni*verse, n. Etym: [L. anni versus the turning of a year.]

Defn: Anniversary. [Obs.] Dryden.

ANNODATED An"no*da`ted, a. Etym: [L. ad to + nodus a knot.] (Her.)

Defn: Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S. Cussans.

ANNO DOMINI An"no Dom"i*ni. Etym: [L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. a. d.]

Defn: In the year of the Christian era; as, a. d. 1887.

ANNOMINATE An*nom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To name. [R.]

ANNOMINATION An*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. annominatio. See Agnomination.]

1. Paronomasia; punning.

2. Alliteration. [Obs.] Tyrwhitt.

ANNOTATE An"no*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annotated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annotating.] Etym: [L. annotatus; p. p. of annotare to annotate; ad + notare to mark, nota mark. See Note, n.]

Defn: To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of Bacon.

ANNOTATE An"no*tate, v. i.

Defn: To make notes or comments; -- with on or upon.

ANNOTATION An`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. annotatio: cf. F. annotation.]

Defn: A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a word or a passage.

ANNOTATIONIST An`no*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An annotator. [R.]

ANNOTATIVE An"no*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation.

ANNOTATOR An"no*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A writer of annotations; a commentator.

ANNOTATORY An*no"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations. [R.]

ANNOTINE An"no*tine, n. Etym: [L. annotinus a year old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird one year old, or that has once molted.

ANNOTINOUS An*not"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. annotinus, fr. annus year.] (Bot.)

Defn: A year old; in Yearly growths.

ANNOTTO; ARNOTTO An*not"to, Ar*not"to, n. Etym: [Perh. the native name.]

Defn: A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana) belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter, etc. [Written also Anatto, Anatta, Annatto, Annotta, etc.]

ANNOUNCE An*nounce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Announced; p. pr. & vb. n. Announcing.] Etym: [OF. anoncier, F. annoncer, fr. L. annuntiare; ad + nuntiare to report, relate, nuntius messenger, bearer of news. See Nuncio, and cf. Annunciate.]

1. To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to publish; to proclaim. Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was announced through the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts. Gilpin.

2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence. Publish laws, announce Or life or death. Prior.

Syn. -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare; promulgate. -- To Publish, Announce, Proclaim, Promulgate. We publish what we give openly to the world, either by oral communication or by means of the press; as, to publish abroad the faults of our neighbors. We announce what we declare by anticipation, or make known for the first time; as, to announce the speedy publication of a book; to announce the approach or arrival of a distinguished personage. We proclaim anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to proclaim the news of victory. We promulgate when we proclaim more widely what has before been known by some; as, to promulgate the gospel.

ANNOUNCEMENT An*nounce"ment, n.

Defn: The act of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces; proclamation; publication.

ANNOUNCER An*noun"cer, n.

Defn: One who announces.

ANNOY An*noy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annoying.] Etym: [OE. anoien, anuien, OF. anoier, anuier, F. ennuyer, fr. OF. anoi, anui, enui, annoyance, vexation, F. ennui. See Annoy, n.] To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to vex; as, I was annoyed by his remarks. Say, what can more our tortured souls annoy Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy Prior.

2. To molest, incommode, or harm; as, to annoy an army by impeding its march, or by a cannonade.

Syn. -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex; tease.

ANNOY An*noy", n. Etym: [OE. anoi, anui, OF. anoi, anui, enui, fr. L. in odio hatred (esse alicui in odio, Cic.). See Ennui, Odium, Noisome, Noy.]

Defn: A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a feeling; as, to work annoy. Worse than Tantalus' is her annoy. Shak.

ANNOYANCE An*noy"ance, n. Etym: [OF. anoiance, anuiance.]

1. The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed; molestation; vexation; annoy. A deep clay, giving much annoyance to passengers. Fuller. For the further annoyance and terror of any besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies. Wilkins.

2. That which annoys. A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair, Any annoyance in that precious sense. Shak.

ANNOYER An*noy"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annoys.

ANNOYFUL An*noy"ful, a.

Defn: Annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNOYING An*noy"ing, a.

Defn: That annoys; molesting; vexatious. -- An*noy"ing*ly, adv.

ANNOYOUS An*noy"ous, a. Etym: [OF. enuius, anoios.]

Defn: Troublesome; annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUAL An"nu*al, a. Etym: [OE. annuel, F. annuel, fr. L. annualis, fr. annus year. Cf. Annals.]

1. Of or pertaining to a year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year; yearly. The annual overflowing of the river [Nile]. Ray.

2. Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by the year; as, the annual motion of the earth. A thousand pound a year, annual support. Shak.

2. Lasting or continuing only one year or one growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; as, an annual plant; annual tickets. Bacon.

ANNUAL An"nu*al, n.

1. A thing happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published once a year.

2. Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one year or season; an annual plant. Oaths . . . in some sense almost annuals; . . . and I myself can remember about forty different sets. Swift.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A Mass for a deceased person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on the anniversary day.

ANNUALIST An"nu*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who writes for, or who edits, an annual. [R.]

ANNUALLY An"nu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Yearly; year by year.

ANNUARY An"nu*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. annuaire.]

Defn: Annual. [Obs.] -- n.

Defn: A yearbook.

ANNUELER An"nu*el*er, n.

Defn: A priest employed in saying annuals, or anniversary Masses. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUENT An"nu*ent, a. Etym: [L. annuens, p. pr. of annuere; ad + nuere to nod.]

Defn: Nodding; as, annuent muscles (used in nodding).

ANNUITANT An*nu"i*tant, n. Etym: [See Annuity.]

Defn: One who receives, or its entitled to receive, an annuity. Lamb.

ANNUITY An*nu"i*ty, n.; pl. Annuities. Etym: [LL. annuitas, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annuité.]

Defn: A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or forever; an annual allowance.

ANNUL An*nul", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Annulling.] Etym: [F. annuler, LL. annullare, annulare, fr. L. ad to + nullus none, nullum, neut., nothing. See Null, a.]

1. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate. Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct. And all her various objects of delight Annulled. Milton.

2. To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to abolish; to do away with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component authority. Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to our liberties Burke.

Syn. -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See Abolish.

ANNULAR An"nu*lar, a. Etym: [L. annularis, fr. annulis ring: cf. F. annulaire.]

1. Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped; as, annular fibers.

2. Banded or marked with circles. Annular eclipse (Astron.), an eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete ring of light around the border.

ANNULARITY An`nu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Annular condition or form; as, the annularity of a nebula. J. Rogers.

ANNULARRY An"nu*lar*ry, adv.

Defn: In an annular manner.

ANNULARY An"nu*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. annularis. See Annular.]

Defn: Having the form of a ring; annular. Ray.

ANNULATA An`nu*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. annulatus ringed.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of articulate animals, nearly equivalent to Annelida, including the marine annelids, earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See Annelida.

ANNULATE An"nu*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulata.

ANNULATE; ANNULATED An"nu*late, An"nu*la`ted a. Etym: [L. annulatus.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed; surrounded by rings of color.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulata.

ANNULATION An`nu*la"tion, n.

Defn: A circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt. Nicholson.

ANNULET An"nu*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of annulus.]

1. A little ring. Tennyson.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric capital.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A little circle borne as a charge.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A narrow circle of some distinct color on a surface or round an organ.

ANNULLABLE An*nul"la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be Annulled.

ANNULLER An*nul"ler, n.

Defn: One who annuls. [R.]

ANNULMENT An*nul"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annulement.]

Defn: The act of annulling; abolition; invalidation.

ANNULOID An"nu*loid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annuloida.

ANNULOIDA An`nu*loid"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. annulus ring + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups; sometimes made to include also the helminths and echinoderms. [Written also Annuloidea.]

ANNULOSA An"nu*lo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zoölogists it is applied to the former only.

ANNULOSAN An`nu*lo"san, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulosa.

ANNULOSE An"nu*lose` (, a. Etym: [L. annulus ring.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulosa.

ANNULUS An"nu*lus, n.; pl. Annuli. Etym: [L.]

1. A ring; a ringlike part or space.

2. (Geom.) (a) A space contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within the other. (b) The solid formed by a circle revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does not cut it.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ring-shaped structures or markings, found in, or upon, various animals.

ANNUMERATE An*nu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. annumeratus, p. p. of annumerare. See Numerate.]

Defn: To add on; to count in. [Obs.] Wollaston.

ANNUMERATION An*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annumeratio.]

Defn: Addition to a former number. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ANNUNCIABLE An*nun"ci*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be announced or declared; declarable. [R.]

ANNUNCIATE An*nun"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annunciated; p. pr. & vb. n. Annunciating.] Etym: [L. annuntiare. See Announce.]

Defn: To announce.

ANNUNCIATE An*nun"ci*ate, p. p. & a.

Defn: Foretold; preannounced. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUNCIATION An*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annuntiatio: cf. F. annonciation.]

1. The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the annunciation of peace.

2. (Eccl.) (a) The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary. (b) The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.

ANNUNCIATION LILY An*nun`ci*a"tion lil"y. (Bot.)

Defn: The common white lily (Lilium candidum). So called because it is usually introduced by painters in pictures of the Annunciation.

ANNUNCIATIVE An*nun"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to annunciation; announcing. [R.] Dr. H. More.

ANNUNCIATOR An*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. annuntiator.]

1. One who announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the festivals to be celebrated.

2. An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates the room where attendance is wanted.

ANNUNCIATORY An*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making known. [R.]

ANOA A*noa", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small wild ox of Celebes (Anoa depressicornis), allied to the buffalo, but having long nearly straight horns.

ANODE An"ode, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; -- opposed to cathode.

ANODON An"o*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water bivalves, having to teeth at the hinge. [Written also Anodonta.]

ANODYNE An"o*dyne, a. Etym: [L. anodynus, Gr. anodin.]

Defn: Serving to assuage pain; soothing. The anodyne draught of oblivion. Burke.

Note: "The word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied to the different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus, and lettuce." Am. Cyc.

ANODYNE An"o*dyne, n. Etym: [L. anodynon. See Anodyne, a.]

Defn: Any medicine which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that soothes disturbed feelings.

ANODYNOUS An"o*dy`nous, a.

Defn: Anodyne.

ANOETIC An`o*et"ic, a. [Gr. unthinkable; priv. + perceptible, thinkable.]

1. Unthinkable. [Rare]

2. (Psychol.) Not subject to conscious attention; having an indefinite, relatively passive, conscious being; characteristic of the "fringe" or "margin" of consciousness.

Presentation considered as having an existence relatively independent of thought, may be called sentience, or anoetic consciousness. Thought and sentience are fundamentally distinct mental functions. G. F. Stout.

ANOIL A*noil", v. t. Etym: [OF. enoilier.]

Defn: The anoint with oil. [Obs.] Holinshed.

ANOINT A*noint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Anointing.] Etym: [OF. enoint, p. p. of enoindre, fr. L. inungere; in + ungere, unguere, to smear, anoint. See Ointment, Unguent.]

1. To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil. And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs anoint. Dryden. He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay. John ix. 6.

2. To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration. Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his [Aaron's] head and anoint him. Exod. xxix. 7. Anoint Hazael to be king over Syria. 1 Kings xix. 15. The Lord's Anointed, Christ or the Messiah; also, a Jewish or other king by "divine right." 1 Sam. xxvi. 9.

ANOINT A*noint", p. p.

Defn: Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANOINTER A*noint"er, n.

Defn: One who anoints.

ANOINTMENT A*noint"ment, n.

Defn: The act of anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment. Milton.

ANOLIS A*no"lis, n. Etym: [In the Antilles, anoli, anoalli, a lizard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards which belong to the family Iguanidæ. They take the place in the New World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often called chameleons.

ANOMAL A*nom"al, n.

Defn: Anything anomalous. [R.]

ANOMALIPED; ANOMALIPEDE A*nom"a*li*ped(#), A*nom"a*li*pede, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular + pes, pedis, foot.]

Defn: Having anomalous feet.

ANOMALIPED A*nom"a*li*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more or less united to the outer and inner ones.

ANOMALISM A*nom"a*lism, n.

Defn: An anomaly; a deviation from rule. Hooker.

ANOMALISTIC; ANOMALISTICAL A*nom`a*lis"tic, A*nom`a*lis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. anomalistique.]

1. Irregular; departing from common or established rules.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion. Anomalistic month. See under Month. -- Anomalistic revolution, the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in its elliptic orbit to the same again. -- Anomalistic, or Periodical year. See under Year.

ANOMALISTICALLY A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With irregularity.

ANOMALOFLOROUS A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having anomalous flowers.

ANOMALOUS A*nom"a*lous, a Etym: [L. anomalus, Gr. Same, and cf. Abnormal.]

Defn: Deviating from a general rule, method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; as, an anomalous proceeding.

ANOMALOUSLY A*nom"a*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anomalous manner.

ANOMALOUSNESS A*nom"a*lous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being anomalous.

ANOMALY A*nom"a*ly, n.; pl. Anomalies. Etym: [L. anomalia, Gr. Anomalous.]

1. Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything anomalous. We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various anomalies and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men. Burke. As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater anomaly in nature than a bird that can not fly. Darwin.

2. (Astron.) (a) The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. This is the true anomaly. The eccentric anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the planet. The mean anomaly is what the anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were uniform. (b) The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a planet.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific type.

ANOMIA A*no"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells, allied to the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the lower is perforated for attachment.

ANOMOPHYLLOUS An`o*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having leaves irregularly placed.

ANOMURA; ANOMOURA An`o*mu"ra, An`o*mou"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an example.

ANOMURAL; ANOMURAN An`o*mu"ral, An`o*mu"ran, a.

Defn: Irregular in the character of the tail or abdomen; as, the anomural crustaceans. [Written also anomoural, anomouran.]

ANOMURAN An`o*mu"ran, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Anomura.

ANOMY An"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Anomia.]

Defn: Disregard or violation of law. [R.] Glanvill.

ANON A*non", adv. Etym: [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]

1. Straightway; at once. [Obs.] The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it. Matt. xiii. 20.

2. Soon; in a little while. As it shall better appear anon. Stow.

3. At another time; then; again. Sometimes he trots, . . . anon he rears upright. Shak. Anon right, at once; right off. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever and anon, now and then; frequently; often. A pouncet box, which ever and anon He gave his nose. Shak.

ANONA A*no"na, n. Etym: [NL. Cf. Ananas.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order Anonaceæ, including the soursop.

ANONACEOUS An`o*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.

ANONYM An"o*nym, n. Etym: [F. anonyme. See Anonymous.]

1. One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for "pseudonym."

2. A notion which has no name, or which can not be expressed by a single English word. [R.] J. R. Seeley.

ANONYMITY An`o*nym"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which anonymous. [R.] He rigorously insisted upon the rights of anonymity. Carlyle.

ANONYMOUS A*non"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Name.]

Defn: Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed authorship; as, an anonymous benefactor; an anonymous pamphlet or letter.

ANONYMOUSLY A*non"y*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anonymous manner; without a name. Swift.

ANONYMOUSNESS A*non"y*mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being anonymous. Coleridge.

ANOPHELES A*noph"e*les (a*nof"e*lez), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'anwfelh`s useless, hurtful.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mosquitoes which are secondary hosts of the malaria parasites, and whose bite is the usual, if not the only, means of infecting human beings with malaria. Several species are found in the United States. They may be distinguished from the ordinary mosquitoes of the genus Culex by the long slender palpi, nearly equaling the beak in length, while those of the female Culex are very short. They also assume different positions when resting, Culex usually holding the body parallel to the surface on which it rests and keeping the head and beak bent at an angle, while Anopheles holds the body at an angle with the surface and the head and beak in line with it. Unless they become themselves infected by previously biting a subject affected with malaria, the insects cannot transmit the disease.

ANOPHYTE An"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A moss or mosslike plant which cellular stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.

ANOPLA An"o*pla, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two orders of Nemerteans. See Nemertina.

ANOPLOTHERE; ANOPLOTHERIUM An*op"lo*there, An`o*plo*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct quadrupeds of the order Ungulata, whose were first found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the name).

ANOPLURA An`o*plu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of insects which includes the lice.

ANOPSIA; ANOPSY A*nop"si*a, An"op`sy, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want or defect of sight; blindness.

ANOREXIA; ANOREXY An`o*rex"i*a, An"o*rex`y n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want of appetite, without a loathing of food. Coxe.

ANORMAL A*nor"mal, a. Etym: [F. anormal. See Abnormal, Normal.]

Defn: Not according to rule; abnormal. [Obs.]

ANORN A*norn, v. t. Etym: [OF. aörner, aöurner, fr. L. adornare to adorn. The form a-ourne was corrupted into anourne.]

Defn: To adorn. [Obs.] Bp. Watson.

ANORTHIC A*nor"thic, a. Etym: [See Anorthite.] (Min.)

Defn: Having unequal oblique axes; as, anorthic crystals.

ANORTHITE A*nor"thite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See Feldspar.

ANORTHOCLASE A*nor"tho*clase, n. [Gr. priv. + orthoclase.] (Min.)

Defn: A feldspar closely related to orthoclase, but triclinic. It is chiefly a silicate of sodium, potassium, and aluminium. Sp. gr., 2.57 -- 2.60.

ANORTHOPIA An`or*tho"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. priv. + ortho- + Gr. , , the eye.] (Med.)

Defn: Distorted vision, in which straight lines appear bent.

ANORTHOSCOPE A*nor"tho*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An optical toy for producing amusing figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of which distorted figures are painted.

ANORTHOSITE A*nor"tho*site, n. [F. anorthose triclinic feldspar (fr. Gr. priv. + straight) + -ite.] (Petrol.)

Defn: A granular igneous rock composed almost exclusively of a soda- lime feldspar, usually labradorite.

ANOSMIA A*nos"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the sense of smell.

ANOTHER An*oth"er, pron. & a. Etym: [An a, one + other.]

1. One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect. Another yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more. Shak. Would serve to scale another Hero's tower. Shak.

2. Not the same; different. He winks, and turns his lips another way. Shak.

3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else; some one else. Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth. Prov. xxvii. 2. While I am coming, another steppeth down before me. John v. 7.

Note: As a pronoun another may have a possessive another's, pl. others, poss. pl. other'. It is much used in opposition to one; as, one went one way, another another. It is also used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, "love one another," that is, let each love the other or others. "These two imparadised in one another's arms." Milton.

ANOTHER-GAINES An*oth"er-gaines`, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another kind. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ANOTHER-GATES An*oth"er-gates`, a. Etym: [Another + gate, or gait, way. Cf. Algates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Obs.] "Another-gates adventure." Hudibras.

ANOTHER-GUESS An*oth"er-guess, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Archaic] It used to go in another-guess manner. Arbuthnot.

ANOTTA A*not"ta, n.

Defn: See Annotto.

ANOURA An*ou"ra, n.

Defn: See Anura.

ANOUROUS An*ou"rous, a.

Defn: See Anurous.

ANOXAEMIA; ANOXEMIA An`ox*æ"mi*a, An`ox*e"mi*a, n. [NL.; Gr. priv. + oxygen + Gr. blood.] (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal condition due to deficient aëration of the blood, as in balloon sickness, mountain sickness. -- An`ox*æ"mic, *e"mic (#), a.

ANSA An"sa, n.; pl. Ansæ. Etym: [L., a handle.] (Astron.)

Defn: A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring.

ANSATED An"sa*ted, a. Etym: [L. ansatus, fr. ansa a handle.]

Defn: Having a handle. Johnson.

ANSERATED An"ser*a`ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having the extremities terminate in the heads of eagles, lions, etc.; as, an anserated cross.

ANSERES An"se*res, n. pl. Etym: [L., geese.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.

ANSERIFORMES An`se*ri*for"mes, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.

ANSERINE An"ser*ine, a Etym: [L. anserinus, fr. anser a goose.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the skin of a goose.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anseres.

ANSEROUS An"ser*ous, a. Etym: [L. anser a goose.]

Defn: Resembling a goose; silly; simple. Sydney Smith.

ANSWER An"swer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Answered; p. pr. & vb. n. Answering.] Etym: [OE. andswerien, AS. andswerian, andswarian, to answer, fr. andswaru, n., answer. See Answer, n.]

1. To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a charge; to answer an accusation.

2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to. She answers him as if she knew his mind. Shak. So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . And him thus answered soon his bold compeer. Milton.

3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute. No man was able to answer him a word. Matt. xxii. 46. These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant. Milton. The reasoning was not and could not be answered. Macaulay.

4. To be or act in return or response to. Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant answered the bell. This proud king . . . studies day and night To answer all the debts he owes unto you. Shak.

(b) To render account to or for. I will . . . send him to answer thee. Shak.

(c) To atone; to be punished for. And grievously hath Cæzar answered it. Shak.

(d) To be opposite to; to face. The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them. Gilpin.

(e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay. [R.] Money answereth all things. Eccles. x. 19.

(f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit. Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the bulk of so prodigious a person. Swift.

ANSWER An"swer, v. i.

1. To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response. There was no voice, nor any that answered. 1 Kings xviii. 26.

2. To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money intrusted to his care. Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial law. Shak.

3. To be or act in return. Hence: (a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on some soils. Do the strings answer to thy noble hand Dryden.

(b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition. (c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; as, a very few will answer. (d) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually with to. That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place answer to convenience. Shak. If this but answer to my just belief, I 'll remember you. Shak. As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Pro

ANSWER An"swer, n. Etym: [OE. andsware, AS. andswaru; and against + swerian to swear. Anti-, and Swear, and cf. 1st un-.]

1. A reply to a change; a defense. At my first answer no man stood with me. 2 Tim. iv. 16.

2. Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1. I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v. 6.

3. Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action. Great the slaughter is Here made by the Roman; great the answer be Britons must take. Shak.

4. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the answer to a problem.

5. (Law)

Defn: A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill. Bouvier.

Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See Reply.

ANSWERABLE An"swer*a*ble, a.

1. Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be answerable for a debt, or for damages. Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is answerable only to God Swift.

2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer. The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable. Johnson.

3. Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable. What wit and policy of man is answerable to their discreet and orderly course Holland. This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the apostle to the Thessalonians. Milton.

4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it.

5. Equal; equivalent; adequate. [Archaic] Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain. Milton.

ANSWERABLENESS An"swer*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.

ANSWERABLY An"swer*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence; suitably.

ANSWERER An"swer*er, n.

Defn: One who answers.

ANSWERLESS An"swer*less, a.

Defn: Having no answer, or impossible to be answered. Byron.

AN 'T An 't.

Defn: An it, that is, and it or if it. See An, conj. [Obs.]

AN'T An't.

Defn: A contraction for are and am not; also used for is not; -- now usually written ain't. [Colloq. & illiterate speech.]

ANT- Ant-.

Defn: See Anti-, prefix.

-ANT -ant. Etym: [F. -ant, fr. L. -antem or -entem, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly from L. -antem.]

Defn: A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; as, merchant, covenant, servant, pleasant, etc. Cf. -ent.

ANT Ant, n. Etym: [OE. ante, amete, emete, AS. æmete akin to G. ameise. Cf. Emmet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hymenopterous insect of the Linnæan genus Formica, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.

Note: Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as agricultural ants, carpenter ants, honey ants, foraging ants, amazon ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to the Neuroptera. Ant bird (Zoöl.), one of a very extensive group of South American birds (Formicariidæ), which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called ant shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant wrens. -- Ant rice (Bot.), a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed.

ANTA An"ta, n.; pl. Antæ. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and base.

Note: Porches, when columns stand between two antæ, are called in Latin in antis.

ANTACID Ant*ac"id, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acid.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent. -- a.

Defn: Counteractive of acidity.

ANTACRID Ant*ac"rid, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acrid.]

Defn: Corrective of acrimony of the humors.

ANTAEAN An*tæ"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Antæus, a giant athlete slain by Hercules.

ANTAGONISM An*tag"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonisme. See Agony.]

Defn: Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles.

Note: We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a thing, and sometimes with a thing.

ANTAGONIST An*tag"o*nist, n. Etym: [L. antagonista, Gr. antagoniste. See Antagonism.]

1. One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an opponent. Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King. Milton. Our antagonists in these controversies. Hooker.

2. (Anat.)