Chapter CCCLXXXVII: Prologue (38)

Defn: The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with soundness of judgment; shrewdness. Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell. Cowper. Natural sagacity improved by generous education. V. Knox.

Syn. -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness. -- Sagacity, Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of others, and to turn everything to the best possible advantage.

SAGAMORE Sag"a*more, n.

1. Etym: [Cf. Sachem.]

Defn: The head of a tribe among the American Indians; a chief; -- generally used as synonymous with sachem, but some writters distinguished between them, making the sachem a chief of the first rank, and a sagamore one of the second rank. "Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow." Longfellow.

2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] Johnson.

SAGAPEN Sag"a*pen, n.

Defn: Sagapenum.

SAGAPENUM Sag`a*pe"num, n. Etym: [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagapénum, Ar. sikbinaj, Per. sakbinah, sikbinah.] (Med.)

Defn: A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of Ferula. It has been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. U. S. Disp.

SAGATHY Sag"a*thy, n. Etym: [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagatí, saetí.]

Defn: A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton; or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light woolen fabric.

SAGE Sage, n. Etym: [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus saved, in allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.) (a) A suffriticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The sagebrush. Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in Europe. -- Sage cheese, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spanish and other plants which are added to the milk. -- Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of the sage grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage grouse. -- Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves of garden sage. -- Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is called sage cock, and the female sage hen. -- Sage hare, or Sage rabbit (Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia) which inhabits the regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit. -- Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female of the sage grouse. Sage sparrow (Zoöl.), a small sparrow (Amphispiza Belli, var Nevadensis) which inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush. -- Sage thrasher (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western North America. -- Sage willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.

SAGE Sage, a. [Compar. Sager; superl. Sagest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. sapius (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be wise; perhaps akin to E. sap. Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.]

1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious. All you sage counselors, hence! Shak.

2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the purpose. Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice, counseled the general to retreat. Milton.

3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] "[Great bards.] in sage and solemn tunes have sung." Milton.

Syn. -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.

SAGE Sage, n.

Defn: A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher. At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come, And guides the Eastern sages. Milton.

SAGEBRUSH Sage"brush`, n.

Defn: A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions of the American plains; -- called also sagebush, and wild sage.

SAGEBRUSH STATE Sagebrush State.

Defn: Nevada; -- a nickname.

SAGELY Sage"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sage manner; wisely.

SAGENE Sa*gene", n. Etym: [Russ. sajene.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length equal to about seven English feet.

SAGENESS Sage"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity. Ascham.

SAGENITE Sag"e*nite, n. Etym: [F. sagénite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See Saine.] (Min.)

Defn: Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in quartz.

SAGENITIC Sag`e*nit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.

SAGGER Sag"ger, n. Etym: [See Segger.]

1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the kiln; a segga.

2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.

SAGGING Sag"ging, n.

Defn: A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.

SAGINATE Sag"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. saginatus, p.p. of saginare to fat, fr. sagina stuffing.]

Defn: To make fat; to pamper. [R.] "Many a saginated boar." Cowper.

SAGINATION Sag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. saginatio.]

Defn: The act of fettening or pampering. [R.] Topsell.

SAGITTA Sa*git"ta, n. Etym: [L., an arrow.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation north of Aquila; the Arrow.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The keystone of an arch. [R.] gwitt.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; -- so called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and string. [Obs.]

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones, found in most fishes.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine worms having lateral and caudal fins, and capable of swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class Chætognatha.

SAGITTAL Sag"it*tal, a. Etym: [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F. saguttal.]

1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; furnished with an arowlike appendage.

2. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region of the sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove, on the inner surface of the roof of the skull. (b) In the mesial plane; as, a sagittal section of an animal. Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture between the two parietal bones in the top of the skull; -- called also rabdoidal suture, and interparietal suture.

SAGITTARIUS Sag`it*ta"ri*us, n. Etym: [L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.] (Astron.) (a) The ninth of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22, marked thus [&sagittarius;] in almanacs; the Archer. (b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps and globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.

SAGITTARY Sag"it*ta"ry, n. Etym: [See Sagittarius.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak.

2. The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having a figure of an archer over the door. Shak.

SAGITTARY Sag"it*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sagittarius.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an arrow. Sir T. Browne.

SAGITTATE Sag"it*tate, a. Etym: [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.]

Defn: Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal angles prolonged downward.

SAGITTATED Sag"it*ta`ted, a.

Defn: Sagittal; sagittate.

SAGITTOCYST Sag"it*to*cyst, n. Etym: [See Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain Turbellaria.

SAGO Sa"go, n. Etym: [Malay. sagu.]

Defn: A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants (Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, atc.). Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). -- Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields sago. (b) A species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta). -- Sago spleen (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of sago.

SAGOIN Sa*goin", n. Etym: [F. sagouin(formed from the native South American name).] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset; -- called also sagouin.

SAGUM Sa"gum, n.; pl. Saga. Etym: [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. Say a kind of serge.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The military cloak of the Roman soldiers.

SAGUS sa"gus, n. Etym: [NL. See Sago.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms from which sago is obtained.

SAGY Sa"gy, a.

Defn: Full of sage; seasoned with sage.

SAHIB; SAHEB Sa"hib, sa"heb, n. Etym: [Ar. çahib master, lord, fem. çahibah.]

Defn: A respectful title or appelation given to Europeans of rank. [India]

SAHIBAH Sa"hi*bah, n. Etym: [See Sahib.]

Defn: A lady; mistress. [India]

SAHIDIC Sa*hid"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Thebaic.

SAHLITE Sah"lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Salite.

SAHUI Sa*hui", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset.

SAI Sa"i, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Capuchin, 3 (a).

SAIBLING Sai"bling, n. Etym: [Dial. G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European mountain trout (Salvelinus alpinus); -- called also Bavarian charr.

SAIC Sa"ic, n. Etym: [F. saïque, turk. shaïka.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of ketch very common in the Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen topsail.

SAID Said,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Say.

SAID Said, a.

Defn: before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid; -- used chiefly in legal style.

SAIGA Sai"ga, n. Etym: [Russ. saika.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An antelope (Saiga Tartarica) native of the plains of Siberia and Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated horns, and tufts of long hair beneath the eyes and ears.

SAIKYR Sai"kyr, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Saker. [Obs.]

SAIL Sail, n. Etym: [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil, OHG. segal, G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. sq. root 153.]

1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water. Behoves him now both sail and oar. Milton.

2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.

3. A wing; a van. [Poetic] Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails. Spenser .

4. the extended surface of the arm of a windmill.

5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.

Note: In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms as the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.

6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the water.

Note: Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig, Schooner, Ship, Stay. Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft for bending. -- Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff. -- Sail hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the seams square. -- Sail loft, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made. -- Sail room (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed when not in use. -- Sail yard (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. -- Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast. -- To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd. -- To loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. -- To make sail (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail. -- To set a sail (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind. -- To set sail (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. -- To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part. -- To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension. -- Under sail, having the sails spread.

SAIL Sail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.] Etym: [AS. segelian, seglian. See Sail, n.]

1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.

2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl.

3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they sailed from London to Canton.

4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.

5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird. As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air. Shak.

SAIL Sail, v. t.

1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey upon(the water) by means of steam or other force. A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea. Dryden.

2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through. Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the winged gales. Pope.

3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship. Totten.

SAILABLE Sail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable river.

SAILBOAT Sail"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat propelled by a sail or sails.

SAILCLOTH Sail"cloth`, n.

Defn: Duck or canvas used in making sails.

SAILER Sail"er, n.

1. A sailor. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer.

SAILFISH Sail"fish, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The banner fish, or spikefish (Histiophorus.) (b) The basking, or liver, shark. (c) The quillback.

SAILING Sail"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting on a voyage.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The art of managing a vessel; seamanship; navigation; as, globular sailing; oblique sailing.

Note: For the several methods of sailing, see under Circular, Globular, Oblique, Parallel, etc. Sailing master (U. S. Navy), formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant, whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold, to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of master in 1862.

SAILLESS Sail"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of sails. Pollok.

SAILMAKER Sail"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair sails. -- Sail"mak`ing, n.

SAILOR Sail"or, n.

Defn: One who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels; one who understands the practical management of ships; one of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.

Syn. -- Mariner; seaman; seafarer. Sailor's choice. (Zoöl.) (a) An excellent marine food fish (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides) of the Southern United States; -- called also porgy, squirrel fish, yellowtail, and salt-water bream. (b) A species of grunt (Orthopristis, or Pomadasys, chrysopterus), an excellent food fish, common on the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also hogfish, and pigfish.

SAILY Sail"y, a.

Defn: Like a sail. [R.] Drayton.

SAIM Saim, n. Etym: [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a fattening.]

Defn: Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SAIMIR Sai*mir", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The squirrel monkey.

SAIN Sain, obs. p. p. of Say, for sayen.

Defn: Said. Shak.

SAIN Sain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Saint, Sane.]

Defn: To sanctify; to bless so as to protect from evil influence. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

SAINFOIN Sain"foin, n. Etym: [F., fr. sain wholesome (L. sanus; see Sane.) + foin hay (L. fænum); or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see Saint) + foin hay.] (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis sativa) cultivated for fodder. [Written also saintfoin.] (b) A kind of tick trefoil (Desmodium Canadense). [Canada]

SAINT Saint, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. santcus sacred, properly p.p. of sancire to render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity, Sanctum, Sanctus.]

1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to God. Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints. 1 Cor. i. 2.

2. One of the blessed in heaven. Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate, circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing. Milton.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.] Saint Andrew's cross (a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andræ, the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray. -- Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6, under Cross. -- Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; -- popularly so called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of Saint Anthony. -- Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium flexuosum); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapeweed (Centaurea solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Bernard (Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog. -- Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-a-mist. See under Love. -- Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid stems. -- Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabæcia polifolia), named from an Irish saint. -- Saint Distaff's Day. See under Distaff. -- Saint Elmo's fire, a luminious, flamelike appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. -- Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. -- Saint George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; -- called also the white ensign. Brande & C. -- Saint George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where it was manufactured. -- Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux vomica. -- Saint Jame's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus) worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop. -- Saint Jame's wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa). -- Saint John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob. -- Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers; -- called also John's-wort. -- Saint Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. -- Saint Martin's herb (Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is used in medicine.

-- Saint Martin's summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak. Whitier. -- Saint Patrick's cross. See Illust 4, under Cross. -- Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. -- Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory, under John. -- Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants, as Hypericum Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. -- Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia), having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in spring. -- Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus. -- Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.

SAINT Saint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sainting.]

Defn: To make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to (some one). A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified, though never sainted. Addison. To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety. Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Shak.

SAINT Saint, v. i.

Defn: To act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.

SAINTDOM Saint"dom, n.

Defn: The state or character of a saint. [R.] Tennyson.

SAINTED Saint"ed, a.

1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. "A most sainted king." Shak. Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats. Milton.

2. Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for dead.

SAINTESS Saint"ess, n.

Defn: A female saint. [R.] Bp. Fisher.

SAINTHOOD Saint"hood, n.

1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint. Walpole.

2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered collectively. It was supposed he felt no call to anu expedition that might sainthood. Sir W. Scott.

SAINTISH Saint"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat saintlike; -- used ironically.

SAINTISM Saint"ism, n.

Defn: The character or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense of holiness. Wood.

SAINTLIKE Saint"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly. Glossed over only with a saintlike show. Dryden.

SAINTLINESS Saint"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being saintly.

SAINTLY Saint"ly, a. [Compar. Saintlier; superl. Saintliest.]

Defn: Like a saint; becoming a holy person. So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity. Milton.

SAINTOLOGIST Saint*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Saint + -logy + -ist.] (Theol.)

Defn: One who writes the lives of saints. [R.]

SAINTSHIP Saint"ship, n.

Defn: The character or qualities of a saint.

SAINT-SIMONIAN Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825, and who maintained that the principle of property held in common, and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils which exist. Brande & C.

SAINT-SIMONIANISM Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, doctrines, or practice of the Saint-Simonians; -- called also Saint-Simonism.

SAINT-SIMONISM Saint-Si"mon*ism, n.

Defn: A system of socialism in which the state owns all the property and the laborer is entitled to share according to the quality and amount of his work, founded by Saint Simon (1760-1825).

SAITH Saith,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]

SAITHE Saithe, n. Etym: [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pollock, or coalfish; -- called also sillock. [Scot.]

SAIVA Sai"va ( or ), n. Etym: [Skr. çaiva devoted to Siva.]

Defn: One of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva with peculiar veneration.

SAIVISM Sai"vism, n.

Defn: The worship of Siva.

SAJENE Sa*jene", n.

Defn: Same as Sagene.

SAJOU Sa"jou (; F. , n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sapajou.

SAKE Sake, n. Etym: [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause, thing, affair, G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG. sahha, Icel. sök, Sw. sak, Dan. sag, Goth. sakj strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakan, Icel. saka to contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to contend, strive, defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E. seek. Cf. Seek.]

Defn: Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly in such phrases as, for the sake, for his sake, for man's sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the sake of one's health. Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; sake. Spenser. I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. viii. 21. Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite Milton. Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake. "For conscience sake." 1 Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural. "For both our sakes." Shak.

SAKER Sa"ker, n. Etym: [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg. sacre), either fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a translation of Gr. hawk.] [Written also sacar, sacre.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A falcon (Falco sacer) native of Southern Europe and Asia, closely resembling the lanner.

Note: The female is called chargh, and the male charghela, or sakeret. (b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A small piece of artillery. Wilhelm. On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers. Macaulay. The culverins and sakers showing their deadly muzzles over the rampart. Hawthorne.

SAKERET Sa"ker*et, n. Etym: [F. sacret. See Saker.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The male of the saker (a).

SAKI Sa"ki, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from the native name.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile.

Note: The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed (P.leucocephala), and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki (P.chiropotes), are among the best-known.

SAKI Sa"ki, n.

Defn: The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.sake

SAKIEH; SAKIYEH Sak"i*eh, Sak"i*yeh, n. [Ar. saqiah canal, trench.]

Defn: A kind of water wheel used in Egypt for raising water, from wells or pits, in buckets attached to its periphery or to an endless rope.

SAKTI Sak"ti, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The divine energy, personified as the wife of a deity (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.

SAL Sal (sall), n. Etym: [Hind. s\'bel, Skr. ç\'bela.] (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian timber tree (Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light brown color, close-grained, and durable. [Written also saul.]

SAL Sal (sâl), n. Etym: [L. See Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.)

Defn: Salt. Sal absinthii Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium). -- Sal acetosell\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel. -- Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See Alembroth. -- Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also muriate of ammonia. -- Sal catharticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts. -- Sal culinarius Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium chloride. -- Sal Cyrenaicus. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above. -- Sal de duobus, Sal duplicatum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium sulphate; -- so called because erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and one alkaline. -- Sal diureticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate. -- Sal enixum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate. -- Sal gemm\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native. -- Sal Jovis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride; -- the alchemical name of tin being Jove. -- Sal Martis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron being. Mars. -- Sal microcosmicum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt, under Microcosmic. -- Sal plumbi Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead. -- Sal prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella. -- Sal Saturni Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being Saturn. -- Sal sedativus Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric acid. -- Sal Seignette Etym: [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.), Rochelle salt. -- Sal soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under Sodium. -- Sal vitrioli Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc sulphate. -- Sal volatile. Etym: [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above. (b) Spirits of ammonia.

SALAAM Sa*laam", n.

Defn: Same as Salam. Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as he was folding up that letter. Prof. Wilson.

SALAAM Sa*laam", v. i.

Defn: To make or perform a salam. I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.

SALABILITY Sal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salable; salableness. Duke of Argyll.

SALABLE Sal"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Sale.]

Defn: Capable of being sold; fit to be sold; finding a ready market. -- Sal"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"a*bly, adv.

SALACIOUS Sa*la"cious, n. Etym: [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr. salire to leap. See Salient.]

Defn: Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous. Dryden. -- Sa*la"cious*ly, dv. -- Sa*la"cious*ness, n.

SALACITY Sa*lac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacité]

Defn: Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.

SALAD Sal"ad, n. Etym: [F. salade, OIt. salata, It. insalata, fr. salare to salt, fr. L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Slaw.]

1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc. Leaves eaten raw termed salad. I. Watts.

2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad. Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.

SALADE Sal"ade, n.

Defn: A helmet. See Sallet.

SALADING Sal"ad*ing, n.

Defn: Vegetable for salad.

SALAERATUS Sal`æ*ra"tus, n.

Defn: See Saleratus.

SALAGANE Sal"a*gane, n. Etym: [From the Chinese name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The esculent swallow. See under Esculent.

SALAL-BERRY Sal"al-ber`ry, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about the size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.

SALAM Sa*lam (sa*läm"), n. Etym: [Ar. salam peace, safety.]

Defn: A salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act; an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing the right palm on the forehead. [Written also salaam.]

SALAMANDER Sal"a*man`der, n. Etym: [F. salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. samander, samandel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits.

Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its body. I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this two and thirty years. Shak. Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States.

3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.

4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: Solidofied material in a furnace hearth. Giant salamander. (Zoöl.) See under Giant. -- Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.

SALAMANDRINA Sal`a*man*dri"na, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.

SALAMANDRINE Sal`a*man"drine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire. Addison.

SALAMANDROID Sal`a*man"droid, a Etym: [Salamander + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the salamanders.

SALAMANDROIDEA sal`a*man*droi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied groups; the Urodela.

SALAMSTONE Sal"am*stone` ( or ), n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of blue sapphire brought from Ceylon. Dana.

SALANGANA Sa*lan"ga*na, n.

Defn: The salagane.

SALARIED Sal"a*ried, a.

Defn: Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.

SALARY Sal"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. salarius.]

Defn: Saline [Obs.]

SALARY Sal"a*ry, n.; pl. Salaries. Etym: [F. salarie, L. salarium, originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was a part of thir pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt.]

Defn: The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire. This is hire and salary, not revenge. Shak.

Note: Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages.

Syn. -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.

SALARY Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salaried; p. pr. & vb. n. Salarying.]

Defn: To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.

SALE Sale, n.

Defn: See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALE Sale, n. Etym: [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E.sell. See Sell, v. t.]

1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money.

2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market. They shall have ready sale for them. Spenser.

3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction. Sir W. Temple. Bill of sale. See under Bill. -- Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. -- To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.

SALEABLE; SALEABLY Sale"a*ble, a., Sale"a*bly, adv., etc.

Defn: See Salable, Salably, etc.

SALEB Sal"eb, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Salep.

SALEBROSITY Sal`e*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] Feltham.

SALEBROUS Sal"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. salebosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr. salire to leap.]

Defn: Rough; rugged. [Obs.]

SALEP Sal"ep, n. Etym: [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word for fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also saleb, salop, and saloop.]

Defn: The dried tubers of various species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It is used to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered preparation with hot water. U. S. Disp.

SALERATUS Sal`e*ra"tus, n. Etym: [NL. sal aëratus; -- so called because it is a source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and Aërated.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Aërated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under Sodium.) It is lagerly used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an ingridient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.

SALESMAN Sales"man, n.; pl. Salesmen. Etym: [Sale + man.]

Defn: One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

SALESWOMAN Sales"wom`an, n.; pl. Saleswomen (.

Defn: A woman whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

SALEWORK Sale"work`, n.

Defn: Work or things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or slightingly. Shak.

SALIAN Sa"lian, a.

Defn: Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves early in the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic. -- n.

Defn: A Salian Frank.

SALIANT Sa"li*ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Salient.

SALIAUNCE Sal"i*aunce, a. Etym: [See Sally.]

Defn: Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce saliaunce." Spenser.

SALIC Sal"ic, a. Etym: [F. salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin leges Salicæ.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also salique.] Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other countries of Europe, as Spain.

SALICACEOUS Sal`i*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, the willow.]

Defn: Belonging or relating to the willow.

SALICIN Sal"i*cin, n. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, a willow: cf. F. salicine. See Sallow the tree.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the leaves of several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.salicyl alcohol glucoside, salicyl alcohol b-D- glucopyranoside, saligenin b-D-glucopyranoside, C13H18O7. It is used in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating the potency of b-glucosidase in enzymatic preparations. It is also an analgesic.

SALICYL Sal"i*cyl, n. Etym: [Salicin + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain related compounds.

SALICYLAL Sal"i*cyl`al, n. Etym: [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the flowers of meadow sweet (Spiræa), and also obtained by oxidation of saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also salycylol, salicylic aldehyde, and formerly salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.

SALICYLATE Sal"i*cyl`ate (-ayt), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of salicylic acid.

SALICYLIC Sal`i*cyl"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.

SALICYLIDE Sal"i*cyl`ide, n. Etym: [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.

SALICYLITE Sal"i*cyl`ite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of salicylal; -- named after the analogy of a salt.

SALICYLOL Sal"i*cyl`ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Salicylal.

SALICYLOUS Sa*lic"y*lous ( or ), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a substance called salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]

SALIENCE Sa"li*ence, n. Etym: [See Salient.]

1. That quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.

2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection; protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.

SALIENCY Sa"li*en*cy, n.

Defn: Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic saliency." J. Morley.

SALIENT Sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [L. saliens, -entis, p.pr. of salire to leap; cf. F. saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..]

1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals." Sir T. Browne.

2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting. He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action. Burke.

3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable. He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft.

4. (Math. & Fort.)

Defn: Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.

5. (Her.)

Defn: Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient. Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.

SALIENT Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.)

Defn: A salient angle or part; a projection.

SALIENTLY Sa"li*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a salient manner.

SALIFEROUS Sa*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sal salt + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing, or impregnated with, salt. Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.

SALIFIABLE Sal"i*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.

SALIFICATION Sal`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.

SALIFY Sal"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified; p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying.] Etym: [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base or an acid.

SALIGENIN Sa*lig"e*nin, n. Etym: [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.

SALIGOT Sal"i*got, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: The water chestnut (Trapa natans).

SALIMETER Sal*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution. [Written also salometer.]

SALIMETRY Sal*im"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.

SALINA Sa*li"na, n. Etym: [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt. See Saline, a.]

1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.

2. Salt works.

SALINA PERIOD Sa*li"na pe"ri*od. Etym: [So called from Salina, a town in New York.] (Geol.)

Defn: The period in which the American Upper Silurian system, containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed. See the Chart of Geology.

SALINATION Sal`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs..] Greenhill.

SALINE Sa"line ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.]

1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic.

2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.

SALINE Sa"line ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.]

Defn: A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.

SALINE Sal"ine, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.]

2. (Med. Chem.)

Defn: A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.

SALINENESS Sa*line"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt; saltness.

SALINIFEROUS Sal`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Saline + -ferous.]

Defn: Same as Saliferous.

SALINIFORM Sa*lin"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common salt.

SALINITY Sa*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: Salineness. Carpenter.

SALINOMETER Sal`i*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Saline + -meter.]

Defn: A salimeter.

SALINOUS Sa*lin"ous, a.

Defn: Saline. [Obs.]

SALIQUE Sal"ique ( or ), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Salic. Shak. She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique. Tennyson.

SALIRETIN Sal`i*re"tin, n. Etym: [Saligenin + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.

SALISBURIA Sal`is*bu"ri*a, n. Etym: [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia).

SALITE Sal"ite, v. t. Etym: [L. salitus, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.]

Defn: To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]

SALITE Sa"lite, n. Etym: [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color. [Written also sahlite.]

SALIVA Sa*li"va, n. Etym: [L.; cf. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The secretion from the salivary glands.

Note: In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.

SALIVAL Sa*li"val, a.

Defn: Salivary.

SALIVANT Sal"i*vant, a. Etym: [L. salivans, p.pr. of salivare. See Salivate.]

Defn: Producing salivation.

SALIVANT Sal"i*vant, n.

Defn: That which produces salivation.

SALIVARY Sal"i*va*ry, a. Etym: [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.

SALIVATE Sal"i*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated; p. pr. & vb. n. Salivating.] Etym: [L. salivatus, p.p. of salivare to salivate. See Saliva.]

Defn: To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury. over.; as, salivate over the prospects of high profits from an enterprise.

Note: Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them.

SALIVATION Sal`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.

Note: It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.

SALIVOUS Sa*li"vous, a. Etym: [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.

SALIX Sa"lix, n.; pl. Salices. Etym: [L., the willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.

SALLENDERS Sal"len*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.)

Defn: An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders, and sellenders.] On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called "mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg. Youatt.

SALLET Sal"let, n. Etym: [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved upon it.]

Defn: A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also salade.] Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved. Latimer.

SALLET; SALLETING Sal"let, Sal"let*ing, n.

Defn: Salad. [Obs.] Shak.

SALLIANCE Sal"li*ance, n.

Defn: Salience. [Obs.]

SALLOW Sal"low, n. Etym: [OE. salwe, AS. sealth; akin to OHG. salaha, G. salwiede, Icel. selja L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach, W. helyg, Gr.

1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson. And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. Fawkes. The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. Emerson.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc. Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.

SALLOW Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower; superl. Sallowest.] Etym: [AS. salu; akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.]

Defn: Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.

SALLOW Sal"low, v. t.

Defn: To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic] July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. Lowell.

SALLOWISH Sal"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat sallow. Dickens.

SALLOWNESS Sal"low*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.

SALLY Sal"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying.] Etym: [F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to gr. Sallient, Assail, Assault, Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.]

Defn: To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally. They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dryden. The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host. Byron.

SALLY Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies. Etym: [F. saillie, fr. sailir. See Sally, v.]

1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.

2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie. Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with loss. Bacon.

3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation. Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still round in the same track. Locke.

4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind. The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies. Sir W. Scott.

5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade. The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth. Sir H. Wotton. Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.

SALLY LUNN Sal"ly Lunn". Etym: [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.]

Defn: A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.

SALLYMAN Sal"ly*man, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The velella; -- called also saleeman.

SALM Salm, n.

Defn: Psalm. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

SALMAGUNDI Sal`ma*gun"di, n. Etym: [F. salmigondis of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved (see Condite); or from the Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.]

1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions. Johnson.

2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany. W. Irving.

SALMI Sal"mi, n. (Cookery)

Defn: Same as Salmis.

SALMIAC Sal"mi*ac, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.

SALMIS Sal`mis", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A ragout or partky roasted game stewed with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke appetite.

SALMON Salm"on, n.; pl. Salmons or (collectively) Salmon. Etym: [OE. saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. Sally, v.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat.