Chapter CCIX: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (30)

Defn: That branch of moral philosophy which treats of the relation of duty to pleasure; the science of practical, positive enjoyment or pleasure. J. Grote.

HEDONISM Hed"on*ism, n.

1. The doctrine of the Hedonic sect.

2. The ethical theory which finds the explanation and authority of duty in its tendency to give pleasure.

HEDONIST Hed"on*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in hedonism.

HEDONISTIC Hed`o*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Hedonic, 2.

HEED Heed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeding.] Etym: [OE. heden, AS. h; akin to OS. hdian, D. hoeden, Fries. hoda, OHG. huoten, G. hüten, Dan. hytte.Hood.]

Defn: To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe. With pleasure Argus the musician heeds. Dryden.

Syn. -- To notice; regard; mind. See Attend, v. t.

HEED Heed, v. i.

Defn: To mind; to consider.

HEED Heed, n.

1. Attention; notice; observation; regard; -- often with give or take. With wanton heed and giddy cunning. Milton. Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand. 2 Sam. xx. 10. Birds give more heed and mark words more than beasts. Bacon.

2. Careful consideration; obedient regard. Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things which we have heard. Heb. ii. 1.

3. A look or expression of heading. [R.] He did it with a serious mind; a heed Was in his countenance. Shak.

HEEDFUL Heed"ful, a.

Defn: Full of heed; regarding with care; cautious; circumspect; attentive; vigilant. Shak. -- Heed"ful*ly, adv. -- Heed"ful*ness, n.

HEEDLESS Heed"less, a.

Defn: Without heed or care; inattentive; careless; thoughtless; unobservant. O, negligent and heedless discipline! Shak. The heedless lover does not know Whose eyes they are that wound him so. Waller. -- Heed"less*ly, adv. -- Heed"less*ness, n.

HEEDY Heed"y, a.

Defn: Heedful. [Obs.] "Heedy shepherds." Spenser. -- Heed"i*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Heed"i*ness, n. [Obs.] Spenser.

HEEL Heel, v. i. Etym: [OE. helden to lean, incline, AS. heldan, hyldan; akin to Icel. halla, Dan. helde, Sw. hälla to tilt, pour, and perh. to E. hill.] (Naut.)

Defn: To lean or tip to one side, as a ship; as, the ship heels aport; the boat heeled over when the squall struck it. Heeling error (Naut.), a deviation of the compass caused by the heeling of an iron vessel to one side or the other.

HEEL Heel, n. Etym: [OE. hele, heele, AS. hela, perh. for hohila, fr. AS. heh heel (cf. Hough); but cf. D. hiel, OFries. heila, h, Icel. hæll, Dan. hæl, Sw. häl, and L. calx. sq. root12. Cf. Inculcate.]

1. The hinder part of the foot; sometimes, the whole foot; -- in man or quadrupeds. He [the stag] calls to mind his strength and then his speed, His winged heels and then his armed head. Denham.

2. The hinder part of any covering for the foot, as of a shoe, sock, etc.; specif., a solid part projecting downward from the hinder part of the sole of a boot or shoe.

3. The latter or remaining part of anything; the closing or concluding part. "The heel of a hunt." A. Trollope. "The heel of the white loaf." Sir W. Scott.

4. Anything regarded as like a human heel in shape; a protuberance; a knob.

5. The part of a thing corresponding in position to the human heel; the lower part, or part on which a thing rests; especially: (a) (Naut.) The after end of a ship's keel. (b) (Naut.) The lower end of a mast, a boom, the bowsprit, the sternpost, etc. (c) (Mil.) In a small arm, the corner of the but which is upwards in the firing position. (d) (Mil.) The uppermost part of the blade of a sword, next to the hilt. (e) The part of any tool next the tang or handle; as, the heel of a scythe.

6. (Man.)

Defn: Management by the heel, especially the spurred heel; as, the horse understands the heel well.

7. (Arch.) (a) The lower end of a timber in a frame, as a post or rafter. In the United States, specif., the obtuse angle of the lower end of a rafter set sloping. (b) A cyma reversa; -- so called by workmen. Gwilt. Heel chain (Naut.), a chain passing from the bowsprit cap around the heel of the jib boom. -- Heel plate, the butt plate of a gun. -- Heel of a rafter. (Arch.) See Heel, n., 7. -- Heel ring, a ring for fastening a scythe blade to the snath. -- Neck and heels, the whole body. (Colloq.) -- To be at the heels of, to pursue closely; to follow hard: as, hungry want is at my heels. Otway. -- To be down at the heel, to be slovenly or in a poor plight. -- To be out at the heels, to have on stockings that are worn out; hence, to be shabby, or in a poor plight. Shak. -- To cool the heels. See under Cool. -- To go heels over head, to turn over so as to bring the heels uppermost; hence, to move in a inconsiderate, or rash, manner. -- To have the heels of, to outrun. -- To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to imprison. Shak. Addison. -- To show the heels, to flee; to run from. -- To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. -- To throw up another's heels, to trip him. Bunyan. -- To tread upon one's heels, to follow closely. Shak.

HEEL Heel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeled; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeling.]

1. To perform by the use of the heels, as in dancing, running, and the like. [R.] I cannot sing, Nor heel the high lavolt. Shak.

2. To add a heel to; as, to heel a shoe.

3. To arm with a gaff, as a cock for fighting.

HEELBALL Heel"ball`, n.

Defn: A composition of wax and lampblack, used by shoemakers for polishing, and by antiquaries in copying inscriptions.

HEELER Heel"er, n.

1. A cock that strikes well with his heels or spurs.

2. A dependent and subservient hanger-on of a political patron. [Political Cant, U. S.] The army of hungry heelers who do their bidding. The Century.

HEELLESS Heel"less, a.

Defn: Without a heel.

HEELPATH Heel"path`, n. [So called with a play upon the words tow and toe.]

Defn: The bank of a canal opposite, and corresponding to, that of the towpath; berm. [U. S.]

The Cowles found convenient spiles sunk in the heelpath. The Century.

HEELPIECE Heel"piece`, n.

1. A piece of armor to protect the heels. Chesterfield.

2. A piece of leather fixed on the heel of a shoe.

3. The end. "The heelpiece of his book." Lloyd.

HEELPOST Heel"post`, n.

1. (Naut.) The post supporting the outer end of a propeller shaft.

2. (Carp.)

Defn: The post to which a gate or door is hinged.

3. (Engineering)

Defn: The quoin post of a lock gate.

HEELSPUR Heel"spur`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender bony or cartilaginous process developed from the heel bone of bats. It helps to support the wing membranes. See Illust. of Cheiropter.

HEELTAP Heel"tap`, n.

1. One of the segments of leather in the heel of a shoe.

2. A small portion of liquor left in a glass after drinking. "Bumpers around and no heeltaps." Sheridan.

HEELTAP Heel"tap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heeltapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Heeltapping.]

Defn: To add a piece of leather to the heel of (a shoe, boot, etc.)

HEELTOOL Heel"tool`, n.

Defn: A tool used by turners in metal, having a bend forming a heel near the cutting end.

HEEMRAAD Heem"raad`, n.; pl. -raaden (#). [Sometimes, incorrectly, Heemraat or even Heemrad.] [D. heem village + raad council, councilor.]

Defn: In Holland, and, until the 19th century, also in Cape Colony, a council to assist a local magistrate in the government of rural districts; hence, also, a member of such a council.

HEEP Heep, n.

Defn: The hip of the dog-rose. [Obs.]

HEER Heer, n.Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A yarn measure of six hundred yards or of a spindle. See Spindle.

HEER Heer, n. Etym: [See Hair.]

Defn: Hair. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEFT Heft, n.

Defn: Same as Haft, n. [Obs.] Waller.

HEFT Heft, n. Etym: [From Heave: cf. hefe weight. Cf. Haft.]

1. The act or effort of heaving [Obs.] He craks his gorge, his sides, With violent hefts. Shak.

2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.] A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes.

3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.

HEFT Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Hefting.]

1. To heave up; to raise aloft. Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser.

2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]

HEFTY Heft"y, a.

Defn: Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.]

HEGELIAN He*ge"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n.

Defn: A follower of Hegel.

HEGELIANISM; HEGELISM He*ge"li*an*ism, He"gel*ism, n.

Defn: The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831).

HEGEMONIC; HEGEMONICAL Heg`e*mon"ic, Heg`e*mon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Hegemony.]

Defn: Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. "Princelike and hegemonical." Fotherby.

HEGEMONY He*gem`o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates. Lieber.

HEGGE Heg"ge, n.

Defn: A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEGIRA He*gi"ra, n. [Written also hejira.] Etym: [Ar. hijrah flight.]

Defn: The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, A. D. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed.

Note: The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, A. D. 622.

HEIFER Heif"er, n. Etym: [OE. hayfare, AS. heáhfore, heáfore; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G. farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. färse, and perh. to Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young cow.

HEIGH-HO Heigh"-ho (hi"-ho), interj.

Defn: An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc. Shak.

HEIGHT Height, n. [Written also hight.] Etym: [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe, AS. heáh, fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. höjd, Dan. höide, Icel. hæ, Goth. hauhipa. See High.]

1. The condition of being high; elevated position. Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12.

2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon. [Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4.

3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.] Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south. Abp. Abbot.

4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden.

5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; preëminence or distinction in society; prominence. Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning. All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman.

6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree. Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison.

7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest. My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak. On height, aloud. [Obs.] [He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer.

HEIGHTEN Height"en (hit"'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p. Heightened; p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.]

1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.

2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. "To heighten our confusion." Addison. An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous. Hawthorne.

HEIGHTENER Height"en*er, n. Etym: [Written also hightener.]

Defn: One who, or that which, heightens.

HEINOUS Hei"nous, a. Etym: [OF. haïnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. haïne hate, F. haine, fr. haïr to hate; of German origin. See Hate.]

Defn: Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character. It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege. Hooker. How heinous had the fact been, how deserving Contempt! Milton.

Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious. -- Hei"nous*ly, adv. -- Hei"nous*ness, n.

HEIR Heir, n. Etym: [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L. heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. Hereditary, Heritage.]

1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter. I am my father's heir and only son. Shak.

2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues. And I his heir in misery alone. Pope. Heir apparent. (Law.) See under Apparent. -- Heir at law, one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Heir presumptive, one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.

HEIR Heir, v. t.

Defn: To inherit; to succeed to. [R.] One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden.

HEIRDOM Heir"dom, n.

Defn: The state of an heir; succession by inheritance. Burke.

HEIRESS Heir"ess, n

Defn: , A female heir.

HEIRLESS Heir"less a.

Defn: Destitute of an heir. Shak.

HEIRLOOM Heir"loom`, n. Etym: [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement, tool. See Loom the frame.]

Defn: Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations. Woe to him whose daring hand profanes The honored heirlooms of his ancestors. Moir.

HEIRSHIP Heir"ship, n.

Defn: The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting. Heirship movables, certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.]

HEJIRA He*ji"ra, n.

Defn: See Hegira.

HEKTARE; HEKTOGRAM; HEKTOLITER; HEKTOMETER Hek"tare`, Hek"to*gram, Hek"to*li`ter, and; Hek"to*me`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hectare, Hectogram, Hectoliter, and Hectometer.

HEKTOGRAPH Hek"to*graph, n.

Defn: See Hectograph.

HELAMYS Hel*a*mys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Jumping hare, under Hare.

HELCOPLASTY Hel"co*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation.

HELD Held,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Hold.

HELE Hele, n. Etym: [See Heal, n.]

Defn: Health; welfare. [Obs.] "In joy and perfyt hele." Chaucer.

HELE Hele, v. t. Etym: [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G. hehlen, L. celare. sq. root17. See Hell, and cf. Conceal.]

Defn: To hide; to cover; to roof. [Obs.] Hide and hele things. Chaucer.

HELENA Hel"e*na, n. Etym: [L.: cf. Sp. helena.]

Defn: See St. Elmo's fire, under Saint.

HELENIN Hel"e*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.

HELIAC He"li*ac, a.

Defn: Heliacal.

HELIACAL He*li"a*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. héliaque.] (Astron.)

Defn: Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun. Sir T. Browne.

Note: The heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible.

HELIACALLY He*li"a*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a heliacal manner. De Quincey.

HELIANTHIN He`li*an"thin, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus, sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange.

HELIANTHOID He`li*an"thoid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.

HELIANTHOIDEA He`li*an"thoi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.

HELICAL Hel"i*cal, a. Etym: [From Helix.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. -- Hel"i*cal*ly, adv.

HELICHRYSUM Hel`i*chry"sum (, n. Etym: [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often called "everlasting flowers."

HELICIFORM He*lic"i*form, a. Etym: [Helix + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a helix; spiral.

HELICIN Hel"i*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linnæus.)

HELICINE Hel"i*cine, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis.

HELICOGRAPH Hel"i*co*graph`, n. Etym: [Helix + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.

HELICOID Hel"i*coid, a. Etym: [Gr. hélicoïde. See Helix.]

1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the Helicidæ, or Snail family. Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral.

HELICOID Hel"i*coid, n. (Geom.)

Defn: A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.

HELICOIDAL Hel`i*coid"al, a.

Defn: Same as Helicoid. -- Hel`i*coid"al*ly, adv.

HELICON Hel"i*con, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A mountain in Boeotia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses. From Helicon's harmonious springs A thousand rills their mazy progress take. Gray.

HELICONIA Hel`i*co"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Helicon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white.

HELICONIAN Hel`i*co"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Heliconius.]

1. Of or pertaining to Helicon. "Heliconian honey." Tennyson.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus Heliconius.

HELICOTREMA Hel`i*co"tre"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The opening by which the two scalæ communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear.

HELIO- He"li*o-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. "h`lios the sun.

HELIOCENTRIC; HELIOCENTRICAL He`li*o*cen"tric, He`li*o*cen"tric"al, a. Etym: [Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. héliocentrique.] (Astron.)

Defn: pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical. Heliocentric parallax. See under Parallax. -- Heliocentric place, latitude, longitude, etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.

HELIOCHROME He"li*o*chrome, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr.

Defn: A photograph in colors. R. Hunt.

HELIOCHROMIC He`li*o*chro"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.

HELIOCHROMY He"li*o*chro`my, n.

Defn: The art of producing photographs in color.

HELIOGRAM He"li*o*gram, n. [Helio- + -gram.]

Defn: A message transmitted by a heliograph.

HELIOGRAPH He"li*o*graph, n. Etym: [Helio- + -graph.]

1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.

2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.

3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See Heliotrope, 3.

HELIOGRAPHIC He`li*o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography. Heliographic chart. See under Chart.

HELIOGRAPHY He`li*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Helio- + -graphy.]

Defn: Photography. R. Hunt.

HELIOGRAVURE He`li*o*grav"ure, n. Etym: [F. héliogravure.]

Defn: The process of photographic engraving.

HELIOLATER He`li*ol"a*ter, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr.

Defn: A worshiper of the sun.

HELIOLATRY He`li*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr.

Defn: Sun worship. See Sabianism.

HELIOLITE He"li*o*lite, n. Etym: [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coral of the genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks.

HELIOMETER He`li*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. héliomètre.] (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.

HELIOMETRIC; HELIOMETRICAL He`li*o*met"ric, He`li*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.

HELIOMETRY He`li*om"e*try, n.

Defn: The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See Heliometer.

HELIOPORA He`li*op"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral.

HELIOSCOPE He"li*o*scope, n. Etym: [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. hélioscope.] (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light. -- He`li*o*scop`ic, a.

HELIOSTAT He"li*o*stat, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr. héliostate.]

Defn: An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope.

HELIOTROPE He"li*o*trope, n. Etym: [F. héliotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. Heliacal, Trope.]

1. (Anc. Astron.)

Defn: An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. H. Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers.

3. (Geodesy & Signal Service)

Defn: An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.

4. (Min.)

Defn: See Bloodstone (a). Heliotrope purple, a grayish purple color.

HELIOTROPER He"li*o*tro`per, n.

Defn: The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope.

HELIOTROPIC He`li*o*trop"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun.

HELIOTROPISM He`li*ot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Helio- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers.

HELIOTYPE He"li*o*type, n. Etym: [Helio- + -type.]

Defn: A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy.

HELIOTYPIC He`li*o*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.

HELIOTYPY He"li*o*ty`py, n.

Defn: A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography.

HELIOZOA He`li*o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun animalcule.

HELISPHERIC; HELISPHERICAL Hel`i*spher"ic, Hel`i*spher"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Helix + spheric, spherical.]

Defn: Spiral. Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in navigation. [R.]

HELIUM He"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous element found in the atmospheres of the sun and earth and in some rare minerals.

HELIX He"lix, n.; pl. L. Helices, E. Helixes. Etym: [L. helix, Gr. volvere, and E. volute, voluble.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A nonplane curve whose tangents are all equally inclined to a given plane. The common helix is the curve formed by the thread of the ordinary screw. It is distinguished from the spiral, all the convolutions of which are in the plane.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A caulicule or little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian capital.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The incurved margin or rim of the external ear. See Illust. of Ear.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of land snails, including a large number of species.

Note: The genus originally included nearly all shells, but is now greatly restricted. See Snail, Pulmonifera.

HELL Hell, n. Etym: [AS. hell; akin to D. hel, OHG. hella, G. hölle, Icel. hal, Sw. helfvete, Dan. helvede, Goth. halja, and to AS. helan to conceal. Hele, v. t., Conceal, Cell, Helmet, Hole, Occult.]

1. The place of the dead, or of souls after death; the grave; -- called in Hebrew sheol, and by the Greeks hades. He descended into hell. Book of Common Prayer. Thou wilt not leave my soul in hell. Ps. xvi. 10.

2. The place or state of punishment for the wicked after death; the abode of evil spirits. Hence, any mental torment; anguish. "Within him hell." Milton. It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak.

3. A place where outcast persons or things are gathered; as: (a) A dungeon or prison; also, in certain running games, a place to which those who are caught are carried for detention. (b) A gambling house. "A convenient little gambling hell for those who had grown reckless." W. Black. (c) A place into which a tailor throws his shreds, or a printer his broken type. Hudibras. Gates of hell. (Script.) See Gate, n., 4.

HELL Hell, v. t.

Defn: To overwhelm. [Obs.] Spenser.

HELLANODIC Hel`la*nod"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A judge or umpire in games or combats.

HELLBENDER Hell"bend`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large North American aquatic salamander (Protonopsis horrida or Menopoma Alleghaniensis). It is very voracious and very tenacious of life. Also called alligator, and water dog.

HELLBORN Hell"born`, a.

Defn: Born in or of hell. Shak.

HELLBRED Hell`bred`, a.

Defn: Produced in hell. Spenser.

HELLBREWED Hell"brewed`, a.

Defn: Prepared in hell. Milton.

HELLBROTH Hell"broth`, n.

Defn: A composition for infernal purposes; a magical preparation. Shak.

HELL-CAT Hell"-cat `, n.

Defn: A witch; a hag. Middleton.

HELL-DIVER Hell`-div`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dabchick.

HELLDOOMED Hell`doomed`, a.

Defn: Doomed to hell. Milton.

HELLEBORE Hel"le*bore, n. Etym: [L. helleborus, elleborus, Gr. hellébore, ellébore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial herbs (Helleborus) of the Crowfoot family, mostly having powerfully cathartic and even poisonous qualities. H. niger is the European black hellebore, or Christmas rose, blossoming in winter or earliest spring. H. officinalis was the officinal hellebore of the ancients.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of several species of the poisonous liliaceous genus Veratrum, especially V. album and V. viride, both called white hellebore.

HELLEBOREIN Hel`le*bo"re*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside accompanying helleborin in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a bittersweet taste. It has a strong action on the heart, resembling digitalin.

HELLEBORIN Hel*leb"o*rin ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside found in several species of hellebore, and extracted as a white crystalline substance with a sharp tingling taste. It possesses the essential virtues of the plant; -- called also elleborin.

HELLEBORISM Hel"le*bo*rism, n.

Defn: The practice or theory of using hellebore as a medicine.

HELLENE Hel"lene, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A native of either ancient or modern Greece; a Greek. Brewer.

HELLENIAN Hel*le"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or Greeks.

HELLENIC Hel*len"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of Greece; Greek; Grecian. "The Hellenic forces." Jowett (Thucyd. ).

HELLENIC Hel*len"ic, n.

Defn: The dialect, formed with slight variations from the Attic, which prevailed among Greek writers after the time of Alexander.

HELLENISM Hel"len*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Hellénisme.]

1. A phrase or form of speech in accordance with genius and construction or idioms of the Greek language; a Grecism. Addison.

2. The type of character of the ancient Greeks, who aimed at culture, grace, and amenity, as the chief elements in human well-being and perfection.

HELLENIST Hel"len*ist, n. Etym: [Gr. Helléniste.]

1. One who affiliates with Greeks, or imitates Greek manners; esp., a person of Jewish extraction who used the Greek language as his mother tongue, as did the Jews of Asia Minor, Greece, Syria, and Egypt; distinguished from the Hebraists, or native Jews (Acts vi. 1).

2. One skilled in the Greek language and literature; as, the critical Hellenist.

HELLENISTIC; HELLENISTICAL Hel`le*nis"tic, Hel`le*nis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Hellénistique.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Hellenists. Hellenistic language, dialect, or idiom, the Greek spoken or used by the Jews who lived in countries where the Greek language prevailed; the Jewish-Greek dialect or idiom of the Septuagint.

HELLENISTICALLY Hel`le*nis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the Hellenistic manner or dialect. J. Gregory.

HELLENIZE Hel"len*ize, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To use the Greek language; to play the Greek; to Grecize.

HELLENIZE Hel"len*ize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To give a Greek form or character to; to Grecize; as, to Hellenize a word.

HELLENOTYPE Hel*len"o*type, n.

Defn: See Ivorytype.

HELLESPONT Hel"les*pont, n. Etym: [L. Hellespontus, Gr.

Defn: A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Daradanelles. It connects the Ægean Sea and the sea of Marmora.

HELLESPONTINE Hel`les*pon"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hellespont. Mitford.

HELLGAMITE; HELLGRAMITE Hell"ga*mite, Hell"gra*mite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aquatic larva of a large American winged insect (Corydalus cornutus), much used a fish bait by anglers; the dobson. It belongs to the Neuroptera.

HELLHAG Hell"hag`, n.

Defn: A hag of or fit for hell. Bp. Richardson.

HELL-HAUNTED Hell"-haunt`ed (, a.

Defn: Haunted by devils; hellish. Dryden.

HELLHOUND Hell"hound`, n. Etym: [AS. hellehund.]

Defn: A dog of hell; an agent of hell. A hellhound, that doth hunt us all to death. Shak.

HELLIER Hel"li*er, n. Etym: [See Hele, v. t.]

Defn: One who heles or covers; hence, a tiler, slater, or thatcher. [Obs.] [Written also heler.] Usher.

HELLISH Hell"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hell; like hell; infernal; malignant; wicked; detestable; diabolical. "Hellish hate." Milton. -- Hell"ish*ly, adv. -- Hell"ish*ness, n.

HELLKITE Hell"kite`, n.

Defn: A kite of infernal breed. Shak.

HELLO Hel*lo", interj. & n.

Defn: See Halloo.

HELLWARD Hell"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward hell. Pope.

HELLY Hell"y, a. Etym: [AS. hellic.]

Defn: Hellish. Anderson (1573).

HELM Helm, n.

Defn: See Haulm, straw.

HELM Helm, n. Etym: [OE. helme, AS. helma rudder; akin to D. & G. helm, Icel. hjalm, and perh. to E. helve.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The apparatus by which a ship is steered, comprising rudder, tiller, wheel, etc.; -- commonly used of the tiller or wheel alone.

2. The place or office of direction or administration. "The helm of the Commonwealth." Melmoth.

3. One at the place of direction or control; a steersman; hence, a guide; a director. The helms o' the State, who care for you like fathers. Shak.

4. Etym: [Cf. Helve.]

Defn: A helve. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Helm amidships, when the tiller, rudder, and keel are in the same plane. -- Helm aport, when the tiller is borne over to the port side of the ship. -- Helm astarboard, when the tiller is borne to the starboard side. -- Helm alee, Helm aweather, when the tiller is borne over to the lee or to the weather side. -- Helm hard alee or hard aport, hard astarboard, etc., when the tiller is borne over to the extreme limit. -- Helm port, the round hole in a vessel's counter through which the rudderstock passes. -- Helm down, helm alee. -- Helm up, helm aweather. -- To ease the helm, to let the tiller come more amidships, so as to lessen the strain on the rudder. -- To feel the helm, to obey it. -- To right the helm, to put it amidships. -- To shift the helm, to bear the tiller over to the corresponding position on the opposite side of the vessel. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

HELM Helm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Helming.]

Defn: To steer; to guide; to direct. [R.] The business he hath helmed. Shak. A wild wave . . . overbears the bark, And him that helms it. Tennyson.

HELM Helm, n. Etym: [AS. See Helmet.]

1. A helmet. [Poetic]

2. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

HELM Helm, v. t.

Defn: To cover or furnish with a helm or helmet. [Perh. used only as a past part. or part. adj.] She that helmed was in starke stours. Chaucer.

HELMAGE Helm"age, n.

Defn: Guidance; direction. [R.]

HELMED Helm"ed, a.

Defn: Covered with a helmet. The helmed cherubim Are seen in glittering ranks. Milton.

HELMET Hel"met, n. Etym: [OF. helmet, a dim of helme, F. heaume; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. helm, akin to AS. & OS. helm, D. helm, helmet, Icel. hjalmr, Sw. hjelm, Dan. hielm, Goth. hilms; and prob. from the root of AS. helan to hide, to hele; cf. also Lith. szalmas, Russ. shleme, Skr. çarman protection. sq. root17. Cf. Hele, Hell, Helm a helmet.]

1. (Armor)

Defn: A defensive covering for the head. See Casque, Headpiece, Morion, Sallet, and Illust. of Beaver.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The representation of a helmet over shields or coats of arms, denoting gradations of rank by modifications of form.

3. A helmet-shaped hat, made of cork, felt, metal, or other suitable material, worn as part of the uniform of soldiers, firemen, etc., also worn in hot countries as a protection from the heat of the sun.

4. That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.; as: (a) (Chem.) The upper part of a retort. Boyle. (b) (Bot.) The hood-formed upper sepal or petal of some flowers, as of the monkshood or the snapdragon. (c) (Zoöl.) A naked shield or protuberance on the top or fore part of the head of a bird. Helmet beetle (Zoöl.), a leaf-eating beetle of the family Chrysomelidæ, having a short, broad, and flattened body. Many species are known. -- Helmet shell (Zoöl.), one of many species of tropical marine univalve shells belonging to Cassis and allied genera. Many of them are large and handsome; several are used for cutting as cameos, and hence are called cameo shells. See King conch. -- Helmet shrike (Zoöl.), an African wood shrike of the genus Prionodon, having a large crest.

HELMETED Hel`met*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet- shaped part; galeate.

HELMET-SHAPED Hel"met-shaped` (, a.

Defn: Shaped like a helmet; galeate. See Illust. of Galeate.

HELMINTH Hel"minth, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An intestinal worm, or wormlike intestinal parasite; one of the Helminthes.

HELMINTHAGOGUE Hel*min"tha*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A vermifuge.

HELMINTHES Hel*min"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the grand divisions or branches of the animal kingdom. It is a large group including a vast number of species, most of which are parasitic. Called also Enthelminthes, Enthelmintha.

Note: The following classes are included, with others of less importance: Cestoidea (tapeworms), Trematodea (flukes, etc.), Turbellaria (planarians), Acanthocephala (thornheads), Nematoidea (roundworms, trichina, gordius), Nemertina (nemerteans). See Plathelminthes, and Nemathelminthes.

HELMINTHIASIS Hel`min*thi"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease in which worms are present in some part of the body.

HELMINTHIC Hel*min"thic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. helminthique.]

Defn: Of or relating to worms, or Helminthes; expelling worms. -- n.

Defn: A vermifuge; an anthelmintic.

HELMINTHITE Hel*min"thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: One of the sinuous tracks on the surfaces of many stones, and popularly considered as worm trails.

HELMINTHOID Hel*min"thoid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Wormlike; vermiform.

HELMINTHOLOGIC; HELMINTHOLOGICAL Hel*min`tho*log"ic, Hel*min`tho*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. helminthologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to helminthology.

HELMINTHOLOGIST Hel`min*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. helminthologiste.]

Defn: One versed in helminthology.

HELMINTHOLOGY Hel`min*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. helminthologie.]

Defn: The natural history, or study, of worms, esp. parasitic worms.

HELMLESS Helm"less, a.

1. Destitute of a helmet.

2. Without a helm or rudder. Carlyle.

HELMSMAN Helms"man, n.; pl. Helmsmen (.

Defn: The man at the helm; a steersman.

HELMWIND Helm"wind`, n.

Defn: A wind attending or presaged by the cloud called helm. [Prov. Eng.]

HELOT He"lot, n. Etym: [L. Helotes, Hilotae, pl., fr. Gr. E'e`lws and E'elw`ths a bondman or serf of the Spartans; so named from 'Elos, a town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved; or perh. akin to e`lei^n to take, conquer, used as 2d aor. of

Defn: A slave in ancient Sparta; a Spartan serf; hence, a slave or serf. Those unfortunates, the Helots of mankind, more or less numerous in every community. I. Taylor.

HELOTISM He"lot*ism, n.

Defn: The condition of the Helots or slaves in Sparta; slavery.

HELOTRY He"lot*ry, n.

Defn: The Helots, collectively; slaves; bondsmen. "The Helotry of Mammon." Macaulay.

HELP Help, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helped (Obs. imp. Holp (, p. p. Holpen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Helping.] Etym: [AS. helpan; akin to OS. helpan, D. helpen, G. helfen, OHG. helfan, Icel. hjalpa, Sw. hjelpa, Dan. hielpe, Goth. hilpan; cf. Lith. szelpti, and Skr. klp to be fitting.]

1. To furnish with strength or means for the successful performance of any action or the attainment of any object; to aid; to assist; as, to help a man in his work; to help one to remember; -- the following infinitive is commonly used without to; as, "Help me scale yon balcony." Longfellow.

2. To furnish with the means of deliverance from trouble; as, to help one in distress; to help one out of prison. "God help, poor souls, how idly do they talk!" Shak.

3. To furnish with relief, as in pain or disease; to be of avail against; -- sometimes with of before a word designating the pain or disease, and sometimes having such a word for the direct object. "To help him of his blindness." in is used for that function; -- "to help him in his misery" Shak. The true calamus helps coughs. Gerarde.

4. To change for the better; to remedy. Cease to lament for what thou canst not help. Shak.

5. To prevent; to hinder; as, the evil approaches, and who can help it Swift.

6. To forbear; to avoid. I can not help remarking the resemblance betwixt him and our author. Pope.

7. To wait upon, as the guests at table, by carving and passing food. To help forward, to assist in advancing. -- To help off, to help to go or pass away, as time; to assist in removing. Locke. -- To help on, to forward; to promote by aid. -- To help out, to aid, as in delivering from a difficulty, or to aid in completing a design or task. The god of learning and of light Would want a god himself to help him out. Swift. -- To help over, to enable to surmount; as, to help one over an obstacle. -- To help to, to supply with; to furnish with; as, to help one to soup. -- To help up, to help (one) to get up; to assist in rising, as after a fall, and the like. "A man is well holp up that trusts to you." Shak.

Syn. -- To aid; assist; succor; relieve; serve; support; sustain; befriend. -- To Help, Aid, Assist. These words all agree in the idea of affording relief or support to a person under difficulties. Help turns attention especially to the source of relief. If I fall into a pit, I call for help; and he who helps me out does it by an act of his own. Aid turns attention to the other side, and supposes coöperation on the part of him who is relieved; as, he aided me in getting out of the pit; I got out by the aid of a ladder which he brought. Assist has a primary reference to relief afforded by a person who "stands by" in order to relieve. It denotes both help and aid. Thus, we say of a person who is weak, I assisted him upstairs, or, he mounted the stairs by my assistance. When help is used as a noun, it points less distinctively and exclusively to the source of relief, or, in other words, agrees more closely with aid. Thus we say, I got out of a pit by the help of my friend.

HELP Help, v. i.

Defn: To lend aid or assistance; to contribute strength or means; to avail or be of use; to assist. A generous present helps to persuade, as well as an agreeable person. Garth. To help out, to lend aid; to bring a supply.

HELP Help, n. Etym: [AS. help; akin to D. hulp, G. hülfe, hilfe, Icel. hjalp, Sw. hjelp, Dan. hielp. See Help, v. t.]

1. Strength or means furnished toward promoting an object, or deliverance from difficulty or distress; aid; ^; also, the person or thing furnishing the aid; as, he gave me a help of fifty dollars. Give us help from trouble, for vain is the help of man. Ps. lx. 11. God is . . . a very present help in trouble. Ps. xlvi. 1. Virtue is a friend and a help to nature. South.

2. Remedy; relief; as, there is no help for it.

3. A helper; one hired to help another; also, thew hole force of hired helpers in any business.

4. Specifically, a domestic servant, man or woman. [Local, U. S.]

HELPER Help"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, helps, aids, assists, or relieves; as, a lay helper in a parish. Thou art the helper of the fatherless. Ps. x. 14. Compassion . . . oftentimes a helper of evils. Dr. H. More.

HELPFUL Help"ful, a.

Defn: Furnishing help; giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary. Heavens make our presence and our practices Pleasant and helpful to him! Shak. -- Help"ful*ly, adv. -- Help"ful*ness, n. Milton.

HELPLESS Help"less, a.

1. Destitute of help or strength; unable to help or defend one's self; needing help; feeble; weak; as, a helpless infant. How shall I then your helpless fame defend Pope.

2. Beyond help; irremediable. Some helpless disagreement or dislike, either of mind or body. Milton.

3. Bringing no help; unaiding. [Obs.] Yet since the gods have been Helpless foreseers of my plagues. Chapman.

4. Unsupplied; destitute; -- with of. [R.] Helpless of all that human wants require. Dryden. -- Help"less*ly, adv. -- Help"less*ness, n.

HELPMATE Help"mate`, n. Etym: [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.]

Defn: A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife. In Minorca the ass and the hog are common helpmates, and are yoked together in order to turn up the land. Pennant. A waiting woman was generally considered as the most suitable helpmate for a parson. Macaulay.

HELPMEET Help"meet`, n. Etym: [See Helpmate.]

Defn: A wife; a helpmate. The Lord God created Adam, . . . and afterwards, on his finding the want of a helpmeet, caused him to sleep, and took one of his ribs and thence made woman. J. H. Newman.

HELTER-SKELTER Hel"ter-skel"ter, adv. Etym: [An onomatholter-polter, D. holder de bolder.]

Defn: In hurry and confusion; without definite purpose; irregularly. [Colloq.] Helter-skelter have I rode to thee. Shak. A wistaria vine running helter-skelter across the roof. J. C. Harris.

HELVE Helve, n. Etym: [OE. helve, helfe, AS. hielf, helf, hylf, cf. OHG. halb; and also E. halter, helm of a rudder.]

1. The handle of an ax, hatchet, or adze.

2. (Iron Working) (a) The lever at the end of which is the hammer head, in a forge hammer. (b) A forge hammer which is lifted by a cam acting on the helve between the fulcrum and the head.

HELVE Helve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Helved; p. pr. & vb. n. Helving.]

Defn: To furnish with a helve, as an ax.

HELVETIAN Hel*ve"tian, a.

Defn: Same as Helvetic. -- n.

Defn: A Swiss; a Switzer.

HELVETIC Hel*ve"tic, a. Etym: [L. Helveticus, fr. Helvetii the Helvetii.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Helvetii, the ancient inhabitant of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the modern states and inhabitant of the Alpine regions; as, the Helvetic confederacy; Helvetic states.

HELVINE; HELVITE Hel"vine, Hel"vite, n. Etym: [L. helvus of a light bay color.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a yellowish color, consisting chiefly of silica, glucina, manganese, and iron, with a little sulphur.

HEM Hem, pron. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. him, heom, dative pl. of. h he. See He, They.]

Defn: Them [Obs.] Chaucer.

HEM Hem, interj.

Defn: An onomatopoetic word used as an expression of hesitation, doubt, etc. It is often a sort of voluntary half cough, loud or subdued, and would perhaps be better expressed by hm. Cough or cry hem, if anybody come. Shak.

HEM Hem, n.

Defn: An utterance or sound of the voice, hem or hm, often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention. "His morning hems." Spectator.

HEM Hem, v. i. [Hem, interj.]

Defn: To make the sound expressed by the word hem; hence, to hesitate in speaking. "Hem, and stroke thy beard." Shak.

HEM Hem, n. Etym: [AS. hem, border, margin; cf. Fries. hämel, Prov. G. hammel hem of mire or dirt.]

1. The edge or border of a garment or cloth, doubled over and sewed, to strengthen raveling.

2. Border; edge; margin. "Hem of the sea." Shak.

3. A border made on sheet-metal ware by doubling over the edge of the sheet, to stiffen it and remove the sharp edge.

HEM Hem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hemmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hemming.]

1. To form a hem or border to; to fold and sew down the edge of. Wordsworth.

2. To border; to edge All the skirt about Was hemmed with golden fringe. Spenser. To hem about, around, or in, to inclose and confine; to surround; to environ. "With valiant squadrons round about to hem." Fairfax. "Hemmed in to be a spoil to tyranny." Daniel. -- To hem out, to shut out. "You can not hem me out of London." J. Webster.

HEMA- Hem"a-.

Defn: Same as Hæma-.

HEMACHATE Hem"a*chate, n. Etym: [L. haemachates; Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A species of agate, sprinkled with spots of red jasper.

HEMACHROME Hem"a*chrome, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmachrome.

HEMACITE Hem"a*cite, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma blood.]

Defn: A composition made from blood, mixed with mineral or vegetable substances, used for making buttons, door knobs, etc.

HEMADROMETER; HEMADROMOMETER Hem`a*drom"e*ter, Hem`a*dro*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hema- + Gr. -meter.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the velocity with which the blood moves in the arteries.

HEMADROMETRY; HEMADROMOMETRY Hem`a*drom`e*try, Hem`a*dro*mom"e*try, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of measuring the velocity with which the blood circulates in the arteries; hæmotachometry.

HEMADYNAMICS He`ma*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Hema- + dynamics.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The principles of dynamics in their application to the blood; that part of science which treats of the motion of the blood.

HEMADYNAMOMETER He`ma*dy"na*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hema- + dynamometr.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument by which the pressure of the blood in the arteries, or veins, is measured by the height to which it will raise a column of mercury; -- called also a hæmomanometer.

HEMAL He"mal, a. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma blood.]

Defn: Relating to the blood or blood vessels; pertaining to, situated in the region of, or on the side with, the heart and great blood vessels; -- opposed to neural.

Note: As applied to vertebrates, hemal is the same as ventral, the heart and great blood vessels being on the ventral, and the central nervous system on the dorsal, side of the vertebral column. Hemal arch (Anat.), the ventral arch in a segment of the spinal skeleton, formed by vertebral processes or ribs.

HEMAPHAEIN Hem`a*phæ"in, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmaphæin.

HEMAPOPHYSIS Hem`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hemapophyses . Etym: [NL. See Hæma-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The second element in each half of a hemal arch, corresponding to the sternal part of a rib. Owen. -- Hem`a*po*phys"i*al, a.

HEMASTATIC; HEMASTATICAL Hem`a*stat"ic, Hem`a*stat"ic*al, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Hemostatic.

HEMASTATICS Hem`a*stat"ics, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Laws relating to the equilibrium of the blood in the blood vessels.

HEMATACHOMETER Hem`a*ta*chom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Hæmatachometer.

HEMATEIN Hem`a*te"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, C16H12O6, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins.

HEMATEMESIS Hem`a*tem"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.)

Defn: A vomiting of blood.

HEMATHERM Hem"a*therm, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma blood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A warm-blooded animal. [R.]

HEMATHERMAL Hem`a*ther"mal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Warm-blooded; hematothermal. [R]

HEMATIC He*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Hæmatic.

HEMATIC He*mat"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine designed to improve the condition of the blood.

HEMATIN Hem"a*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.]

1. Hematoxylin.

2. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A bluish black, amorphous substance containing iron and obtained from blood. It exists the red blood corpuscles united with globulin, and the form of hemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin gives to the blood its red color.

HEMATINIC He`ma*tin"ic, n. [From Hematin.] (Med.)

Defn: Any substance, such as an iron salt or organic compound containing iron, which when ingested tends to increase the hemoglobin contents of the blood.

HEMATINOMETER Hem`a*ti*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Hematin + -meter.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A form of hemoglobinometer.

HEMATINOMETRIC Hem`a*tin`o*met"ric, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the measurement of the amount of hematin or hemoglobin contained in blood, or other fluids.

HEMATINON He*mat"i*non, n. Etym: [Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.]

Defn: A red consisting of silica, borax, and soda, fused with oxide of copper and iron, and used in enamels, mosaics, etc.

HEMATITE Hem"a*tite, n. Etym: [L. haematites, Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood.] (Min.)

Defn: An important ore of iron, the sesquioxide, so called because of the red color of the powder. It occurs in splendent rhombohedral crystals, and in massive and earthy forms; -- the last called red ocher. Called also specular iron, oligist iron, rhombohedral iron ore, and bloodstone. See Brown hematite, under Brown.

HEMATITIC Hem`a*tit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hematite, or resembling it.

HEMATO Hem"a*to.

Defn: See Hæma-.

HEMATOCELE He*mat"o*cele, n. Etym: [Hemato- + Gr. hématocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor filled with blood.

HEMATOCRYA Hem`a*toc"ry*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + kry`os cold.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cold-blooded vertebrates, that is, all but the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to Hematotherma.

HEMATOCRYSTALLIN Hem`a*to*crys"tal*lin, n. Etym: [Hemato + crystalline.] (Physiol.)

Defn: See Hemoglobin.

HEMATOID Hem"a*toid, a. Etym: [Hemato- + -oid.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Resembling blood.

HEMATOIDIN Hem`a*toid"in, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline or amorphous pigment, free from iron, formed from hematin in old blood stains, and in old hemorrhages in the body. It resembles bilirubin. When present in the corpora lutea it is called hæmolutein.

HEMATOLOGY Hem`a*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Hemato- + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the blood.

HEMATOMA Hem`a*to"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Hema-, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A circumscribed swelling produced by an effusion of blood beneath the skin.

HEMATOPHILIA Hem`a*to*phil"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + (Med.)

Defn: A condition characterized by a tendency to profuse and uncontrollable hemorrhage from the slightest wounds.

HEMATOSIN Hem`a*to"sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The hematin of blood. [R.]

HEMATOSIS Hem`a*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. a"ima`twsis.] (Physiol.) (a) Sanguification; the conversion of chyle into blood. (b) The arterialization of the blood in the lungs; the formation of blood in general; hæmatogenesis.

HEMATOTHERMA Hem`a*to*ther"ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. a"i^ma, a"i`matos, blood + thermo`s warm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The warm-blooded vertebrates, comprising the mammals and birds; -- the antithesis to hematocrya.

HEMATOTHERMAL Hem"a*to*ther"mal, a.

Defn: Warm-blooded.

HEMATOXYLIN Hem`a*tox"y*lin, n.

Defn: Hæmatoxylin.

HEMATURIA Hem`a*tu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Hema-, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: Passage of urine mingled with blood.

HEMAUTOGRAPHY Hem`au*tog"ra*phy, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The obtaining of a curve similar to a pulse curve or sphygmogram by allowing the blood from a divided artery to strike against a piece of paper.

HEMELYTRON; HEMELYTRUM Hem*el"y*tron or, Hem*el"y*trum (-trûm cf. Elytron, 277),, n.; pl. Hemelytra (. Etym: [NL. See Hemi, and Elytron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the partially thickened anterior wings of certain insects, as of many Hemiptera, the earwigs, etc.

HEMERALOPIA Hem`e*ra*lo"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Nyctalopia.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the eyes, in consequence of which a person can see clearly or without pain only by daylight or a strong artificial light; day sight.

Note: Some writers (as Quain) use the word in the opposite sense, i. e., day blindness. See Nyctalopia.

HEMEROBIAN Hem`er*o"bi*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropterous insect of the genus Hemerobius, and allied genera.

HEMEROBID He*mer"o*bid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of relating to the hemerobians.

HEMEROCALLIS Hem`e*ro*cal"lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, some species of which are cultivated for their beautiful flowers; day lily.

HEMI- Hem"i-. Etym: [Gr. "hmi-. See Semi-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying half.

HEMIALBUMIN Hem`i*al*bu"min, n. Etym: [Hemi- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hemialbumose.

HEMIALBUMOSE Hem`i*al"bu"mose`, n. Etym: [Hemi- + albumose.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous substance formed in gastric digestion, and by the action of boiling dilute acids on albumin. It is readily convertible into hemipeptone. Called also hemialbumin.

HEMIANAESTHESIA Hem`i*an`æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [Hemi- + anæsthesia.] (Med.)

Defn: Anæsthesia upon one side of the body.

HEMIBRANCHI Hem`i*bran"chi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hemi-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes having an incomplete or reduced branchial apparatus. It includes the sticklebacks, the flutemouths, and Fistularia.

HEMICARDIA Hem`i*car"di*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Hemi-, and Cardia.] (Anat.)

Defn: A lateral half of the heart, either the right or left. B. G. Wilder.

HEMICARP Hem`i*carp, n. Etym: [Hemi- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One portion of a fruit that spontaneously divides into halves.

HEMICEREBRUM Hem`i*cer"e*brum, n. Etym: [Hemi- + cerebrum.] (Anat.)

Defn: A lateral half of the cerebrum. Wilder.

HEMICOLLIN Hem`i*col"lin, n. Etym: [Hemi- + collin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Semiglutin.

HEMICRANIA Hem`i*cra"ni*a, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. hémicrânie. See Cranium, and Megrim.] (Med.)

Defn: A pain that affects only one side of the head.

HEMICRANY Hem"i*cra`ny, n. (Med.)

Defn: Hemicranis.

HEMICYCLE Hem"i*cy`cle, n. Etym: [L. hemicyclus, Gr.

1. A half circle; a semicircle.