Chapter CCXXII: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (43)

2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours. The idle spear and shield were high uphing. Milton.

3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen. Why stand ye here all the day idle Matt. xx. 6.

4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow.

5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] Ford. Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power. -- Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution. -- In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle." Chaucer.

Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant. -- Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent.

IDLE I"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idled; p. pr. & vb. n. Idling.]

Defn: To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business. Shak.

IDLE I"dle, v. t.

Defn: To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by away; as, to idle away an hour a day.

IDLE-HEADED I"dle-head`ed, a.

1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld." Shak.

2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

IDLENESS I"dle*ness, n. Etym: [AS. idelnes.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness.

Syn. -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth.

IDLE-PATED I"dle-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Idle-headed; stupid. [Obs.]

IDLER I"dler, n.

1. One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person; a sluggard.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no regular watch. Totten.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: An idle wheel or pulley. See under Idle.

IDLESS; IDLESSE I"dless, I"dlesse, n.

Defn: Idleness. [Archaic] "In ydlesse." Spenser. And an idlesse all the day Beside a wandering stream. Mrs. Browning.

IDLY I"dly, adv.

Defn: In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly; (Obs.) foolishly.

IDO I"do (e"do), n.

Defn: An artificial international language, selected by the "Delegation for the Adoption of an Auxillary International Language" (founded at Paris in 1901), made public in 1907, and subsequently greatly revised and extended by a permanent committee or "Academy." It combines systematically the advantages of previous schemes with a thoroughly logical word formation, and has neither accented constants nor arbitrarily coined pronominal words. For each idea that root is selected which is already most international, on the principle of the "greatest facility for the greatest number of people." The word "Ido" means in the language itself "offspring." The official name is: "Linguo Internaciona di la Delegitaro (Sistema Ido)." --I"dism (#), n. -- I"dist (#), n.

IDOCRASE Id"o*crase, n. Etym: [Gr. idocrase.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Vesuvianite.

IDOL I"dol, n. Etym: [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf. Eidolon.]

1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.] Do her adore with sacred reverence, As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence. Spenser.

2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god. That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold. Rev. ix. 20.

3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored. The soldier's god and people's idol. Denham.

4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon. The idols of preconceived opinion. Coleridge.

IDOLASTRE I`do*las"tre, n. Etym: [OE., for idolatre.]

Defn: An idolater. [Obs.] Chaucer.

IDOLATER I*dol"a*ter, n. Etym: [F. idolâtre: cf. L. idololatres, Gr. Idolatry.]

1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan.

2. An adorer; a great admirer. Jonson was an idolater of the ancients. Bp. Hurd.

IDOLATRESS I*dol"a*tress, n.

Defn: A female worshiper of idols.

IDOLATRICAL I`do*lat"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. idolâtrique.]

Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.]

IDOLATRIZE I*dol"a*trize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idolatrized; p. pr. & vb. n. Idolatrizing.]

Defn: To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship.

IDOLATRIZE I*dol"a*trize, v. t.

Defn: To make in idol of; to idolize.

IDOLATROUS I*dol"a*trous, a.

1. Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry; given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; as, idolatrous sacrifices. [Josiah] put down the idolatrous priests. 2 Kings xxiii. 5.

2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence; as, an idolatrous veneration for antiquity.

IDOLATROUSLY I*dol"a*trous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a idolatrous manner.

IDOLATRY I*dol"a*try, n.; pl. Idolatries. Etym: [F. idolâtrie, LL. idolatria, L. idololatria, Fr. Gr.

1. The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the worship of false gods. His eye surveyed the dark idolatries Of alienated Judah. Milton.

2. Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love which borders on adoration. Shak.

IDOLISH I"dol*ish, a.

Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.] Milton.

IDOLISM I"dol*ism, n.

Defn: The worship of idols. [Obs.]

IDOLIST I"dol*ist, n.

Defn: A worshiper of idols. [Obs.] Milton.

IDOLIZE I"dol*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idolized; p. pr. & vb. n. Idolizing.]

1. To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; as, to idolize the sacred bull in Egypt.

2. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold, children, a hero.

IDOLIZE I"dol*ize, v. i.

Defn: To practice idolatry. [R.] To idolize after the manner of Egypt. Fairbairn.

IDOLIZER I"dol*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an idolater.

IDOLOCLAST I*dol"o*clast, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A breaker of idols; an iconoclast.

IDOLOGRAPHICAL I*dol`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Idol + -graph.]

Defn: Descriptive of idols. [R.] Southey.

IDOLOUS I"dol*ous, a.

Defn: Idolatrous. [Obs.] Bale.

IDOLUM; IDOLON I*do"lum, I*do"lon, n.; pl. Idola (#). [L. See Idol; cf. Eidolon.]

Defn: Appearance or image; a phantasm; a spectral image; also, a mental image or idea.

IDONEOUS I*do"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. idoneus.]

Defn: Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate. [R.] An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an idoneous person. Ayliffe.

IDORGAN Id*or"gan, n. Etym: [Gr. organ.] (Biol.)

Defn: A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon.

IDRIALINE; IDRIALITE Id"ri*a*line, Id"ri*a*lite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. idrialine.] (Min.)

Defn: A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of Idria, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar.

IDUMEAN Id`u*me"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ancient Idumea, or Edom, in Western Asia. -- n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite.

IDYL I"dyl, n. Etym: [L. idyllium, Gr. idylle. See Idol.]

Defn: A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as, the idyls of Theocritus; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the like. [Written also idyll.] Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted idyl. Mrs. Browning. His [Goldsmith's] lovely idyl of the Vicar's home. F. Harrison.

IDYLLIC I*dyl"lic, a.

Defn: Of or belonging to idyls.

I. E. I. e.

Defn: Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is.

IF If, conj. Etym: [OE. if, gif, AS. gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef, OS. ef, of, D. of, or, whether, if, G. ob whether, if, OHG. oba, ibu, Icel. ef, Goth. iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly a case form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. iba doubt, condition, Icel. if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.]

1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition. Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if OEdipus deserve thy care. Pope. If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt. iv. 3.

2. Whether; -- in dependent questions. Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden. She doubts if two and two make four. Prior. As if, But if. See under As, But.

I' FAITH I' faith"

Defn: . In faith; indeed; truly. Shak.

IFERE I*fere", a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. in fere.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.

IGASURIC Ig`a*su"ric, a. Etym: [See Igasurine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's bean; as, igasuric acid.

IGASURINE Ig`a*su"rine, n. Etym: [Malay igasura the nux vomica.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

IGLOO Ig"loo, n.

1. An Eskimo snow house.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice.

IGNATIUS BEAN Ig*na"tius bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Saint Ignatius's bean, under Saint.

IGNEOUS Ig"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. igneus, fr. ignis fire; allied to Skr. agni, Lith. ugnis, OSlav. ogne.]

1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks.

IGNESCENT Ig*nes"cent, a. Etym: [L. ignescens, p.pr. of ignescere to become inflamed, fr. ignis fire: cf. F. ignescent.]

Defn: Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; as, ignescent stones.

IGNICOLIST Ig*nic"o*list, n. Etym: [L. ignis fire + colere to worship.]

Defn: A worshiper of fire. [R.]

IGNIFEROUS Ig*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignifer; ignis fire + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing fire. [R.] Blount.

IGNIFLUOUS Ig*nif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignifluus; ignis fire + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing with fire. [Obs.] Cockerman.

IGNIFY Ig"ni*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ignifying.] Etym: [L. ignis fire + -fy.]

Defn: To form into fire. [R.] Stukeley.

IGNIGENOUS Ig*nig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. ignigenus; ignis fire + genere, ginere, to beget, produce.]

Defn: Produced by the action of fire, as lava. [R.]

IGNIPOTENCE Ig*nip"o*tence, n.

Defn: Power over fire. [R.]

IGNIPOTENT Ig*nip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. ignipotens; ignis fire + potens powerful.]

Defn: Presiding over fire; also, fiery. Vulcan is called the powerful ignipotent. Pope.

IGNIS FATUUS Ig"nis fat"u*us; pl. Ignes fatui. Etym: [L. ignis fire + fatuus foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.]

1. A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called also Will-with-the-wisp, or Will-o'-the-wisp, and Jack-with-a- lantern, or Jack-o'-lantern.

2. Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy. Scared and guided by the ignis fatuus of popular superstition. Jer. Taylor.

IGNITE Ig*nite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignited; p. pr. & vb. n. Igniting.] Etym: [L. ignitus, p.p. of ignire to ignite, fr. ignis fire. See Igneous.]

1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite iron or platinum.

IGNITE Ig*nite", v. i.

Defn: To take fire; to begin to burn.

IGNITIBLE Ig*nit"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ignited.

IGNITION Ig*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ignition.]

1. The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire.

2. The state of being ignited or kindled. Sir T. Browne.

IGNITOR Ig*nit"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like. [Written also igniter.]

IGNIVOMOUS Ig*niv"o*mous, a. Etym: [L. ignivomus; ignis fire + vomere 8vomit.]

Defn: Vomiting fire. [R.]

IGNOBILITY Ig`no*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. ignobilitas: cf. F. ignobilité.]

Defn: Ignobleness. [Obs.] Bale.

IGNOBLE Ig*no"ble, a. Etym: [L. ignobilis; pref. in- not + nobilis noble: cf. F. ignoble. See In- not, and Noble, a.]

1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble. I was not ignoble of descent. Shak. Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants. Shak.

2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base. 'T but a base, ignoble mind, That mounts no higher than a bird can soar. Shak. Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the goshawk.

Syn. -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous.

IGNOBLE Ig*no"ble, v. t.

Defn: To make ignoble. [Obs.] Bacon.

IGNOBLENESS Ig*no"ble*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being ignoble.

IGNOBLY Ig*no"bly, adv.

Defn: In an ignoble manner; basely.

IGNOMINIOUS Ig`no*min"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. ignominiosus: cf. F. ignominieux.]

1. Marked with ignominy; in curring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful. Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain, Fled ignominious. Milton.

2. Deserving ignominy; despicable. One single, obscure, ignominious projector. Swift.

3. Humiliating; degrading; as, an ignominious judgment or sentence. Macaulay.

IGNOMINIOUSLY Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully; ingloriously.

IGNOMINY Ig"no*min*y, n.; pl. Ignominies. Etym: [L. ignominia ignominy (i.e., a deprivation of one's good name); in- not + nomen name: cf. F. ignominie. See In- not, and Name.]

1. Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy. Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest. Addison. Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy. Rambler. Ignominy is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Common wealth. Hobbes.

2. An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act.

Syn. -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor.

IGNOMY Ig"no*my, n.

Defn: Ignominy. [R. & Obs.] I blush to think upon this ignomy. Shak.

IGNORAMUS Ig`no*ra"mus, n. Etym: [L., we are ignorant. See Ignore.]

1. (Law)

Defn: We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn.

2. (pl. Ignoramuses (.)

Defn: A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a dunce. An ignoramus in place and power. South.

IGNORANCE Ig"no*rance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ignorantia.]

1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed. Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have. Book of Common Prayer. Invincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is not responsible before God.

IGNORANT Ig"no*rant, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. ignorans, -antis, p.pr. of ignorare to be ignorant. See Ignore.]

1. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened. He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know, is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. Tillotson.

2. Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with of. Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame. Dryden.

3. Unknown; undiscovered. [Obs.] Ignorant concealment. Shak. Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed Shak.

4. Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly. His shipping, Poor ignorant baubles! -- on our terrible seas, Like eggshells moved. Shak.

Syn. -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned; unlettered; illiterate. -- Ignorant, Illiterate. Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either as to single subject or information in general; illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in regard to war and other active pursuits. In such business Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant More learned than the ears. Shak. In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise, but the ignorant and illiterate, embraced torments and death. Tillotson.

IGNORANT Ig"no*rant, n.

Defn: A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled; an ignoramous. Did I for this take pains to teach Our zealous ignorants to preach Denham.

IGNORANTISM Ig"no*rant*ism, n.

Defn: The spirit of those who extol the advantage to ignorance; obscuriantism.

IGNORANTIST Ig"no*rant*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist.

IGNORANTLY Ig"no*rant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently. Whom therefoer ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts xvii. 23.

IGNORE Ig*nore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignored; p. pr. & vb. n. Ignoring.] Etym: [L. ignorare; pref. in- not + the root of gnarus knowing, noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.]

1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic] Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore. Boyle.

2. (Law)

Defn: To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus.

3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person. Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind. Mrs. Browning.

IGNOSCIBLE Ig*nos"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. in- not + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know. See In- not, and Know.]

Defn: Pardonable. [Obs.] Bailey.

IGNOTE Ig*note", a. Etym: [L. ignotus; pref. in- not + gnotus, notus, known, p.p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.]

Defn: Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. -- n.

Defn: One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket.

IGUANA I*gua"na, n. Etym: [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. Guana.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanidæ. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits.

Note: The common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes.

IGUANIAN I*gua"ni*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana.

IGUANID I*gua"nid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Iguanoid.

IGUANODON I*gua"no*don, n. Etym: [Iguana + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix.

IGUANODONT I*gua"no*dont, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon.

IGUANOID I*gua"noid, a. Etym: [Iguana + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Iguanidæ.

IHLANG-IHLANG Ih*lang`-ih*lang", n. Etym: [Malayan, flower of flowers.]

Defn: A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written ylang-ylang.]

IHRAM Ih*ram", n.

Defn: The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca.

IHVH IHVH. [Written also JHVH, YHVH.]

Defn: A transliteration of the four constants forming the Hebrew tetragrammaton or "incommunicable name" of the Supreme Being, which in latter Jewish tradition is not pronounced save with the vowels of adonai or elohim, so that the true pronunciation is lost.

Numerous attempts have been made to represent the supposed original form of the word, as Jahaveh, Jahvaj, Jahve, Jahveh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe, Yahweh, etc.

IK Ik, pron. Etym: [See I.]

Defn: I [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Note: The Northern dialectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern.

IL- Il-

Defn: . A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-.

ILE Ile, n. Etym: [AS. egl.]

Defn: Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

ILE Ile, n. Etym: [See Aisle.]

Defn: An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne.

ILE Ile, n. Etym: [See Isle.]

Defn: An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILEAC Il"e*ac, a. Etym: [See Ileum.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.]

2. See Iliac,

1. [R.] Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus.

ILEOCAECAL Il`e*o*cæ"cal, a. Etym: [Ileum + cæcal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ileum and cæcum.

ILEOCOLIC Il`e*o*col"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or ileocæcal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine.

ILEUM Il"e*um, n. Etym: [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl. ilia, groin, flank.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.]

2. (Anat.)

Defn: See Ilium. [R.]

Note: Most modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone.

ILEUS Il"e*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, or iliac, passion.

ILEX I"lex, n. Etym: [L., holm oak.] (Bot.) (a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex). (b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly.

ILIAC Il"i*ac, a. Etym: [L. Iliacus, Gr. Iliad.]

Defn: Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone.

ILIAC Il"i*ac, a. Etym: [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.]

2. See Ileac, 1. [R.] Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium. -- Iliac passion. See Ileus. -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions.

ILIACAL I*li"a*cal, a.

Defn: Iliac. [R.]

ILIAD Il"i*ad, n. Etym: [L. Ilias, -adis, Gr.

Defn: A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer.

ILIAL Il"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ilium; iliac.

ILICHE I*liche", adv. Etym: [OE., fr. AS. gelic. Cf. Alike.]

Defn: Alike. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILICIC I*lic"ic, a. Etym: [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied plants; as, ilicic acid.

ILICIN Il"i*cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The bitter principle of the holly.

ILIO- Il"i*o-. Etym: [From Ilium.]

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to denote connection with, or relation to, the ilium; as, ilio-femoral, ilio-lumbar, ilio-psoas, etc.

ILIOFEMORAL Il`i*o*fem"o*ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the ilium and femur; as, iliofemoral ligaments.

ILIOLUMBAR Il`i*o*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; as, the iliolumbar artery.

ILIOPSOAS Il`i*o*pso"as, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct muscles.

ILIUM Il"i*um, n. Etym: [See Ileum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and ileum.]

ILIXANTHIN Il`ix*an"thin, n. Etym: [Ilex the genus including the holly + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly.

ILK Ilk, a. Etym: [Scot. ilk, OE. ilke the same, AS. ilca. Cf. Each.]

Defn: Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson.

ILKE Il"ke, a. Etym: [See Ilk.]

Defn: Same. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILKON; ILKOON Il*kon", Il*koon", pron. Etym: [See Ilk, and One.]

Defn: Each one; every one. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ILL Ill, a. [The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their places being supplied by worse ( and worst (, from another root.] Etym: [OE. ill, ille, Icel. illr; akin to Sw. illa, adv., Dan. ilde, adv.]

1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable. Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill markets, and ill neighbors. Bacon. There 's some ill planet reigns. Shak.

2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper. Of his own body he was ill, and gave The clergy ill example. Shak.

3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a fever. I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill. Shak.

4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant. That 's an ill phrase. Shak. Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very ill at ease." Shak. -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment. -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness. -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse. -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper. -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others. -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness. -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence.

Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell.

ILL Ill, n.

1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of humanity. Who can all sense of others' ills escape Is but a brute at best in human shape. Tate. That makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of. Shak.

2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil. Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill. Dryden.

ILL Ill, adv.

Defn: In a ill manner; badly; weakly. How ill this taper burns! Shak. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith.

Note: Ill, like above, well, and so, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill- educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan, however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill- affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill- conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill-devised, ill- disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill- featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill- looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill- natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required, ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill- used, and the like.

I' LL I' ll

Defn: . Contraction for I will or I shall. I'll by a sign give notice to our friends. Shak.

ILLABILE Il*lab"ile, a.

Defn: Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable. [Obs.] -- Il`la*bil"i*ty, n. [Obs.]

ILLACERABLE Il*lac"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. illacerabilis: cf. F. illacérable. See In- not, and Lacerable.]

Defn: Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent. [Obs.]

ILLACRYMABLE Il*lac"ry*ma*ble, a. Etym: [L. illacrimabilis; pref. il- not + lacrimabilis worthy of tears.]

Defn: Incapable of weeping. [Obs.] Bailey.

ILLAPSABLE Il*laps"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + lapsable.]

Defn: Incapable of slipping, or of error. [R.] Morally immutable and illapsable. Glanvill.

ILLAPSE Il*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Illapsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Illapsing.] Etym: [L. illapsus, p.p. of illabi; pref. il- in + labi to fall, slide.]

Defn: To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by into. Cheyne.

ILLAPSE Il*lapse", n. Etym: [L. illapsus. See Illapse, v. i.]

Defn: A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into another; also, a sudden descent or attack. Akenside. They sit silent . . . waiting for an illapse of the spirit. Jeffrey.

ILLAQUEABLE Il*la"que*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being insnared or entrapped. [R.] Cudworth.

ILLAQUEATE Il*la"que*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illaqueated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illaqueating.] Etym: [L. illaqueatus, p.p. of illaqueare; pref. il- in + laqueare to insnare, fr. laqueus, noose, snare.]

Defn: To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch. Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his scholastic retairy versatility of logic illaqueate your good sense. Coleridge.

ILLAQUEATION Il*la`que*a"tion, n.

1. The act of catching or insnaring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A snare; a trap. Johnson.

ILLATION Il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. illatio, fr. illatus, used as p.p. of inferre to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F. illation. See 1st In-, and Tolerate, and cf. Infer.]

Defn: The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons; perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred; inference; deduction; conclusion. Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent illations from a false conception of things. Sir T. Browne.

ILLATIVE Il"la*tive, a. Etym: [L. illativus: cf. F. illatif.]

Defn: Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential; conclusive; as, an illative consequence or proposition; an illative word, as then, therefore, etc. Illative conversion (Logic), a converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form must be true because the original proposition is true. -- Illative sense (Metaph.), the faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of inferences.

ILLATIVE Il"la*tive, n.

Defn: An illative particle, as for, because.

ILLATIVELY Il"la*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner.

ILLAUDABLE Il*laud"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. illaudabilis. See In- not, and Laudable.]

Defn: Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or disapprobation. Milton. -- Il*laud"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Broome.

ILL-BODING Ill`-bod"ing, a.

Defn: Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened. "Ill-boding stars." Shak.

ILL-BRED Ill"-bred`, a.

Defn: Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note under Ill, adv.

ILLECEBRATION Il*lec`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [See Illecebrous.]

Defn: Allurement. [R.] T. Brown.

ILLECEBROUS Il*lec"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. illecebrosus, fr. illecebra allurement, fr. illicere to allure.]

Defn: Alluring; attractive; enticing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

ILLEGAL Il*le"gal, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + legal: cf. F. illégal.]

Defn: Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as, an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet.

ILLEGALITY Il`le*gal"i*ty, n.; pl. Illegalities. Etym: [Cf. F. illégalité.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as, the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal act.

ILLEGALIZE Il*le"gal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Illegalizing.]

Defn: To make or declare illegal or unlawful.

ILLEGALLY Il*le"gal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illegal manner; unlawfully.

ILLEGALNESS Il*le"gal*ness, n.

Defn: Illegality, unlawfulness.

ILLEGIBILITY Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being illegible.

ILLEGIBLE Il*leg"i*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being read; not legible; as, illegible handwriting; an illegible inscription. -- Il*leg"i*ble*ness, n. -- Il*leg"i*bly, adv.

ILLEGITIMACY Il`le*git"i*ma*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being illegitimate. Blackstone.

ILLEGITIMATE Il`le*git"i*mate, a.

1. Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful; improper.

2. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; as, an illegitimate child.

3. Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; as, an illegitimate inference.

4. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; as, an illegitimate word. Illegitimate fertilization, or Illegitimate union (Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Darwin.

ILLEGITIMATE Il`le*git"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegitimated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illegitimating.]

Defn: To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize. The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without illegitimating the issue. Bp. Burnet.

ILLEGITIMATELY Il`le*git"i*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully.

ILLEGITIMATION Il`le*git`i*ma"tion, n.

1. The act of illegitimating; bastardizing.

2. The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. [Obs.] Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her illegitimation taken off. Bp. Burnet.

ILLEGITIMATIZE Il`le*git"i*ma*tize, v. t.

Defn: To render illegitimate; to bastardize.

ILLESIVE Il*le"sive, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + L. laedere, laesum, to injure.]

Defn: Not injurious; harmless. [R.]

ILLEVIABLE Il*lev"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

ILL-FAVORED Ill`-fa"vored, a.

Defn: Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking. Ill-favored and lean-fleshed. Gen. xli. 3. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ly, adv. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ness, n.

ILLIBERAL Il*lib"er*al, a. Etym: [L. illiberalis; pref. il- not + liberalis liberal: cf. F. illibéral.]

1. Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid. "A thrifty and illiberal hand." Mason.

2. Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble; rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous.

3. Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin. [R.] Chesterfield.

ILLIBERALISM Il*lib"er*al*ism, n.

Defn: Illiberality. [R.]

ILLIBERALITY Il*lib`er*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. illiberalitas: cf. F. illibéralité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind; meanness; niggardliness. Bacon.

ILLIBERALIZE Il*lib"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illiberalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Illiberalizing.]

Defn: To make illiberal.

ILLIBERALLY Il*lib"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably; parsimoniously.

ILLIBERALNESS Il*lib"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being illiberal; illiberality.

ILLICIT Il*lic"it, a. Etym: [L. illicitus; pref. il- not + licitus, p.p. of licere to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. illicite. See In- not, and License.]

Defn: Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure. One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another. Burke. -- Il*lic"it*ly, adv. -- Il*lic"it*ness, n.

ILLICITOUS Il*lic"it*ous, a.

Defn: Illicit. [R.] Cotgrave.

ILLICIUM Il*li"ci*um, n. Etym: [So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L. illicium an allurement.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum is used as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise.

ILLIGHTEN Il*light"en, v. t.

Defn: To enlighten. [Obs.]

ILLIMITABLE Il*lim"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + limitable: cf. F. illimitable.]

Defn: Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; as, illimitable space. The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty. De Quincey.

Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast. -- Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Il*lim"it*a*bly, adv.

ILLIMITATION Il*lim`it*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- not + limitation: cf. F. illimitation.]

Defn: State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from, limitation. Bp. Hall.

ILLIMITED Il*lim"it*ed, a.

Defn: Not limited; interminable. Bp. Hall. -- Il*lim"it*ed*ness, n. The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally much spoken of. Clarendon.

ILLINITION Il`li*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. illinire, illinere, to besmear; pref. il- in, on + linire, linere, to smear.]

1. A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or rubbed on, as ointment or liniment.

2. A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals. [R.] A thin crust or illinition of black manganese. Kirwan.

ILLINOIS Il`li*nois", n.sing. & pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers.

ILLIQUATION Il`li*qua"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- in + L. liquare to melt.]

Defn: The melting or dissolving of one thing into another.

ILLISH Ill"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat ill. [Obs.] Howell.

ILLISION Il*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. illisio, fr. illidere, illisum, to strike against; pref. il- in + laedere to strike.]

Defn: The act of dashing or striking against. Sir T. Browne.

ILLITERACY Il*lit"er*a*cy, n.; pl. Illiteracies. Etym: [From Illiterate.]

1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as, the illiteracy shown by the last census.

2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder. The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works. Pope.

ILLITERAL Il*lit"er*al, a.

Defn: Not literal. [R.] B. Dawson.

ILLITERATE Il*lit"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. illiteratus: pref. il- not + literatus learned. See In- not, and Literal.]

Defn: Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people.

Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See Ignorant. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ly, adv. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ness, n.

ILLITERATURE Il*lit"er*a*ture, n.

Defn: Want of learning; illiteracy. [R.] Ayliffe. Southey.

ILL-JUDGED Ill"-judged`, a.

Defn: Not well judged; unwise.

ILL-LIVED Ill"-lived`, a.

Defn: Leading a wicked life. [Obs.]

ILL-LOOKING Ill"-look`ing, a.

Defn: Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under Ill, adv.

ILL-MANNERED Ill`-man"nered, a.

Defn: Impolite; rude.

ILL-MINDED Ill"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Ill-disposed. Byron.

ILL-NATURED Ill`-na"tured, a.

1. Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly; as, an ill-natured person.

2. Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful. "The ill-natured task refuse." Addison.

3. Intractable; not yielding to culture. [R.] "Ill-natured land." J. Philips. -- Ill`-na"tured*ly, adv. -- Ill`-na"tured*ness, n.

ILLNESS Ill"ness, n. Etym: [From Ill.]

1. The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness; unfavorableness. [Obs.] "The illness of the weather." Locke.

2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; as, a short or a severe illness.

3. Wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Shak.

Syn. -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment. -- Illness, Sickness. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in England to use illness in the sense of a continuous disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine sickness more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach."

ILL-NURTURED Ill"-nur`tured, a.

Defn: Ill-bred. Shak.

ILLOCALITY Il`lo*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Want of locality or place. [R.] Cudworth.

ILLOGICAL Il*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference. -- Il*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Il*log"ic*al*ness, n.

ILL-OMENED Ill`-o"mened, a.

Defn: Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under Ill, adv.

ILL-STARRED Ill"-starred`, a.

Defn: Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; as, an ill-starred man or day.

ILL-TEMPERED Ill`-tem"pered, a.

1. Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful; quarrelsome.

2. Unhealthy; ill-conditioned. [Obs.] So ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away. Pepys.

ILL-TIMED Ill"-timed`, a.

Defn: Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious time.

ILLTREAT Ill`treat", v. t.

Defn: To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat.

ILLUDE Il*lude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuding.] Etym: [L. illudere, illusum; pref. il- in + ludere to play: cf. OF. illuder. See Ludicrous.]

Defn: To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and disappoint the hopes of.

ILLUME Il*lume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuming.] Etym: [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.]

Defn: To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to illuminate; to illumine. Shak. The mountain's brow, Illumed with fluid gold. Thomson.

ILLUMINABLE Il*lu"mi*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being illuminated.

ILLUMINANT Il*lu"mi*nant, n. Etym: [L. illuminans, -antis, p.pr. of illuminare.]

Defn: That which illuminates or affords light; as, gas and petroleum are illuminants. Boyle.

ILLUMINARY Il*lu"mi*na*ry, a.

Defn: Illuminative.

ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminating.] Etym: [L. illuminatus, p.p. of illuminare; pref. il- in + luminare to enlighten, fr. lumen light. See Luminous, and cf. Illume, Illumine, Enlimn, Limn.]

1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten.

2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect.

3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages.

4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty.

ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To light up in token or rejoicing.

ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. illuminatus, p.p.]

Defn: Enlightened. Bp. Hall.

ILLUMINATE Il*lu"mi*nate, n.

Defn: One who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge.

ILLUMINATI Il*lu`mi*na"ti, n. pl. Etym: [L. illuminatus. See Illuminate, v. t., and cf. Illuminee.]

Defn: Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: -

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados, Perfectibilists, etc.

3. (Mod. Hist.)

Defn: Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years.

4. Also applied to: (a) An obscure sect of French Familists. (b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists; (c) The Rosicrucians.

5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment.

ILLUMINATING Il*lu"mi*na`ting, a.

Defn: Giving or producing light; used for illumination. Illuminating gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a).

ILLUMINATION Il*lu`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. illuminatio: cf. F. illumination.]

1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.

2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.

3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.

4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript.

5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge. The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work. Felton.

6. (Theol.)

Defn: The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration. Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker.

ILLUMINATISM Il*lu"mi*na*tism, n.

Defn: Illuminism. [R.]

ILLUMINATIVE Il*lu"mi*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminatif.]

Defn: Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light; illustrative. "Illuminative reading." Carlyle.

ILLUMINATOR Il*lu"mi*na`tor, n. Etym: [L., an enlightener, LL. also, an illuminator of books.]

1. One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts, with miniatures, borders, etc. See Illuminate, v. t., 3.

2. A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an illuminant.

ILLUMINE Il*lu"mine, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.]

Defn: To illuminate; to light up; to adorn.

ILLUMINEE Il*lu`mi*nee", n. Etym: [F. illuminé. Cf. Illuminati.]

Defn: One of the Illuminati.

ILLUMINER Il*lu"mi*ner, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, illuminates.

ILLUMINISM Il*lu"mi*nism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. illuminisme.]

Defn: The principles of the Illuminati.

ILLUMINISTIC Il*lu`mi*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati.

ILLUMINIZE Il*lu"mi*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminized; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminizing.]

Defn: To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati.

ILLUMINOUS Il*lu"mi*nous, a.

Defn: Bright; clear. [R.] H. Taylor.

ILLURE Il*lure", v. t. Etym: [Pref. il- in + lure.]

Defn: To deceive; to entice; to lure. [Obs.] The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by illuring them with the muck and dung of this world. Fuller.

ILL-USED Ill`-used", a.

Defn: Misapplied; treated badly.

ILLUSION Il*lu"sion, n. Etym: [F. illusion, L. illusio, fr. illudere, illusum, to illude. See Illude.]

1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination. To cheat the eye with blear illusions. Milton.

2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment; witchery; glamour. Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise! Pope.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder.

Note: Some modern writers distinguish between an illusion and hallucination, regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever.

4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc.

Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion. Illusion, Delusion. Illusion refers particularly to errors of the sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an illusion; a false opinion is a delusion. E. Edwards.

ILLUSIONABLE Il*lu"sion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to illusion.

ILLUSIONIST Il*lu"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer.

ILLUSIVE Il*lu"sive, a. Etym: [See Illude.]

Defn: Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal. Truth from illusive falsehood to command. Thomson.

ILLUSIVELY Il*lu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illusive manner; falsely.

ILLUSIVENESS Il*lu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show.

ILLUSORY Il*lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. illusore.]

Defn: Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as, illusory promises or hopes.

ILLUSTRABLE Il*lus"tra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of illustration. Sir T. Browne.

ILLUSTRATE Il*lus"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illustrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating.] Etym: [L. illustratus, p.p. of illustrare to illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious.]

1. To make clear, bright, or luminous. Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky. Chapman.

2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously. Shak. To prove him, and illustrate his high worth. Milton.

3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples.

4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance.

5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify. [Obs.] Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates. Milton.

ILLUSTRATE Il*lus"trate, a. Etym: [L. illustratus, p.p.]

Defn: Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.] This most gallant, illustrate, and learned gentleman. Shak.

ILLUSTRATION Il`lus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. illustratio: cf. F. illustration.]

1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct.

2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.

3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work.

ILLUSTRATIVE Il*lus"tra*tive, a.

1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate.

2. Making illustrious. [Obs.]

ILLUSTRATIVELY Il*lus"tra*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ILLUSTRATOR Il*lus"tra*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who illustrates.

ILLUSTRATORY Il*lus"tra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to illustrate.

ILLUSTRIOUS Il*lus"tri*ous, a. Etym: [L. illustris, prob. for illuxtris; fr. il- in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre. See Lucid.]

1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid. Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious. Beau. & Fl.

2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished. Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton.

3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles.

Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished, Famous.

ILLUSTRIOUSLY Il*lus"tri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously. Milton.

ILLUSTRIOUSNESS Il*lus"tri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame.

ILLUSTROUS Il*lus"trous, a. Etym: [Pref. il- not + lustrous.]

Defn: Without luster. [Obs. & R.]

ILLUTATION Il`lu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F. illutation.]

Defn: The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath.

ILLUXURIOUS Il`lux*u"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Not luxurious. [R.] Orrery.

ILL-WILL Ill`-will"

Defn: . See under Ill, a.

ILL-WISHER Ill`-wish"er, n.

Defn: One who wishes ill to another; an enemy.

ILLY Il"ly, adv.

Defn: Etym: [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb ill.]

ILMENITE Il"men*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Ilmen, a branch of the Ural Mountains.] (Min.)

Defn: Titanic iron. See Menaccanite.

ILMENIUM Il*me"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Ilmenite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann.

ILVAITE Il"va*ite, n. Etym: [From L. Ilva, the island now called Elba.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses.

I'M I'm

Defn: . A contraction of I am.

IM- Im-

Defn: . A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In-. Im- also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as, imbank, imbitter.

IMAGE Im"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.]

1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance. Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak. Whose is this image and superscription Matt. xxii. 20. This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak. And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27.

2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5.

3. Show; appearance; cast. The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden.

4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea. Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great Prior.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C.

6. (Opt.)

Defn: The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror. Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell.

IMAGE Im"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging.]

1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J. Warton.

2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine. Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope.

IMAGEABLE Im"age*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be imaged. [R.]

IMAGELESS Im"age*less, a.

Defn: Having no image. Shelley.

IMAGER Im"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.] Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager. Holland.

IMAGERY Im"age*ry, n. Etym: [OE. imagerie, F. imagerie.]

1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted imagery." Shak. In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery. Dryden.

2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance. What can thy imagery of sorrow mean Prior.

3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms. The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury.

4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse. I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery. Dryden.

IMAGINABILITY Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity for imagination. [R.] Coleridge.

IMAGINABLE Im*ag"i*na*ble, a. Etym: [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.]

Defn: Capable of being imagined; conceivable. Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable. Tillotson. -- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*ag"i*na*bly, adv.

IMAGINAL Im*ag"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. imaginalis.]

1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an imago. Imaginal disks (Zoöl.), masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvæ of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.

IMAGINANT Im*ag"i*nant, a. Etym: [L. imaginans, p.pr. of imaginari: cf. F. imaginant.]

Defn: Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n.

Defn: An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill.

IMAGINARILY Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly, a.

Defn: In a imaginary manner; in imagination. B. Jonson.

IMAGINARINESS Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality.

IMAGINARY Im*ag"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.]