Chapter CCVIII: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (29)

Defn: Report; rumor; fame; common talk; something heard from another. Much of the obloquy that has so long rested on the memory of our great national poet originated in frivolous hearsays of his life and conversation. Prof. Wilson. Hearsay evidence (Law), that species of testimony which consists in a a narration by one person of matters told him by another. It is, with a few exceptions, inadmissible as testimony. Abbott.

HEARSE Hearse, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A hind in the year of its age. [Eng.] Wright.

HEARSE Hearse, n. Etym: [See Herse.]

1. A framework of wood or metal placed over the coffin or tomb of a deceased person, and covered with a pall; also, a temporary canopy bearing wax lights and set up in a church, under which the coffin was placed during the funeral ceremonies. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

2. A grave, coffin, tomb, or sepulchral monument. [Archaic] "Underneath this marble hearse." B. Johnson. Beside the hearse a fruitful palm tree grows. Fairfax Who lies beneath this sculptured hearse. Longfellow.

3. A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave. [Obs.] Set down, set down your honorable load, It honor may be shrouded in a hearse. Shak.

4. A carriage specially adapted or used for conveying the dead to the grave.

HEARSE Hearse, v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a hearse; to entomb. [Obs.] "Would she were hearsed at my foot." Shak.

HEARSECLOTH Hearse"cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth for covering a coffin when on a bier; a pall. Bp. Sanderson.

HEARSELIKE Hearse"like", a.

Defn: Suitable to a funeral. If you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearselike airs as carols. Bacon.

HEART Heart, n. Etym: [OE. harte, herte, heorte, AS. heorte; akin to OS. herta, OFies. hirte, D. hart, OHG. herza, G. herz, Icel. hjarta, Sw. hjerta, Goth. haírt, Lith. szirdis, Russ. serdtse, Ir. cridhe, L. cor, Gr. Accord, Discord, Cordial, 4th Core, Courage.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. Why does my blood thus muster to my heart! Shak.

Note: In adult mammals and birds, the heart is four-chambered, the right auricle and ventricle being completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle; and the blood flows from the systematic veins to the right auricle, thence to the right ventricle, from which it is forced to the lungs, then returned to the left auricle, thence passes to the left ventricle, from which it is driven into the systematic arteries. See Illust. under Aorta. In fishes there are but one auricle and one ventricle, the blood being pumped from the ventricle through the gills to the system, and thence returned to the auricle. In most amphibians and reptiles, the separation of the auricles is partial or complete, and in reptiles the ventricles also are separated more or less completely. The so-called lymph hearts, found in many amphibians, reptiles, and birds, are contractile sacs, which pump the lymph into the veins.

2. The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, and the like; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; -- usually in a good sense, when no epithet is expressed; the better or lovelier part of our nature; the spring of all our actions and purposes; the seat of moral life and character; the moral affections and character itself; the individual disposition and character; as, a good, tender, loving, bad, hard, or selfish heart. Hearts are dust, hearts' loves remain. Emerson.

3. The nearest the middle or center; the part most hidden and within; the inmost or most essential part of any body or system; the source of life and motion in any organization; the chief or vital portion; the center of activity, or of energetic or efficient action; as, the heart of a country, of a tree, etc. Exploits done in the heart of France. Shak. Peace subsisting at the heart Of endless agitation. Wordsworth.

4. Courage; courageous purpose; spirit. Eve, recovering heart, replied. Milton. The expelled nations take heart, and when they fly from one country invade another. Sir W. Temple.

5. Vigorous and efficient activity; power of fertile production; condition of the soil, whether good or bad. That the spent earth may gather heart again. Dryden.

6. That which resembles a heart in shape; especially, a roundish or oval figure or object having an obtuse point at one end, and at the other a corresponding indentation, -- used as a symbol or representative of the heart.

7. One of a series of playing cards, distinguished by the figure or figures of a heart; as, hearts are trumps.

8. Vital part; secret meaning; real intention. And then show you the heart of my message. Shak.

9. A term of affectionate or kindly and familiar address. "I speak to thee, my heart." Shak.

Note: Heart is used in many compounds, the most of which need no special explanation; as, heart-appalling, heart-breaking, heart- cheering, heart-chilled, heart-expanding, heart-free, heart-hardened, heart-heavy, heart-purifying, heart-searching, heart-sickening, heart-sinking, heart-stirring, heart-touching, heart-wearing, heart- whole, heart-wounding, heart-wringing, etc. After one's own heart, conforming with one's inmost approval and desire; as, a friend after my own heart. The Lord hath sought him a man after his own heart. 1 Sam. xiii. 14. -- At heart, in the inmost character or disposition; at bottom; really; as, he is at heart a good man. -- By heart, in the closest or most thorough manner; as, to know or learn by heart. "Composing songs, for fools to get by heart" (that is, to commit to memory, or to learn thoroughly). Pope. -- For my heart, for my life; if my life were at stake. [Obs.] "I could not get him for my heart to do it." Shak. -- Heart bond (Masonry), a bond in which no header stone stretches across the wall, but two headers meet in the middle, and their joint is covered by another stone laid header fashion. Knight. -- Heart and hand, with enthusiastic coöperation. -- Heart hardness, hardness of heart; callousness of feeling; moral insensibility. Shak. -- Heart heaviness, depression of spirits. Shak. -- Heart point (Her.), the fess point. See Escutcheon. -- Heart rising, a rising of the heart, as in opposition. -- Heart shell (Zoöl.), any marine, bivalve shell of the genus Cardium and allied genera, having a heart-shaped shell; esp., the European Isocardia cor; -- called also heart cockle. -- Heart sickness, extreme depression of spirits. -- Heart and soul, with the utmost earnestness. -- Heart urchin (Zoöl.), any heartshaped, spatangoid sea urchin. See Spatangoid. -- Heart wheel, a form of cam, shaped like a heart. See Cam. -- In good heart, in good courage; in good hope. -- Out of heart, discouraged. -- Poor heart, an exclamation of pity. -- To break the heart of. (a) To bring to despair or hopeless grief; to cause to be utterly cast down by sorrow. (b) To bring almost to completion; to finish very nearly; -- said of anything undertaken; as, he has broken the heart of the task. -- To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. "I could find in my heart to ask your pardon." Sir P. Sidney. -- To have at heart, to desire (anything) earnestly. -- To have in the heart, to purpose; to design or intend to do. -- To have the heart in the mouth, to be much frightened. -- To lose heart, to become discouraged. -- To lose one's heart, to fall in love. -- To set the heart at rest, to put one's self at ease. -- To set the heart upon, to fix the desires on; to long for earnestly; to be very fond of. -- To take heart of grace, to take courage. -- To take to heart, to grieve over. -- To wear one's heart upon one's sleeve, to expose one's feelings or intentions; to be frank or impulsive. -- With all one's whole heart, very earnestly; fully; completely; devotedly.

HEART Heart, v. t.

Defn: To give heart to; to hearten; to encourage; to inspirit. [Obs.] My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason. Shak.

HEART Heart, v. i.

Defn: To form a compact center or heart; as, a hearting cabbage.

HEARTACHE Heart"ache`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. heortece.]

Defn: Sorrow; anguish of mind; mental pang. Shak.

HEARTBREAK Heart"break`, n.

Defn: Crushing sorrow or grief; a yielding to such grief. Shak.

HEARTBREAKING Heart"break`ing, a.

Defn: Causing overpowering sorrow.

HEARTBROKEN Heart"bro`ken, a.

Defn: Overcome by crushing sorrow; deeply grieved.

HEARTBURN Heart"burn`, n. (Med.)

Defn: An uneasy, burning sensation in the stomach, often attended with an inclination to vomit. It is sometimes idiopathic, but is often a symptom of often complaints.

HEARTBURNED Heart"burned`, a.

Defn: Having heartburn. Shak.

HEARTBURNING Heart"burn`ing, a.

Defn: Causing discontent.

HEARTBURNING Heart"burn`ing, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Heartburn.

2. Discontent; secret enmity. Swift. The transaction did not fail to leave heartburnings. Palfrey.

HEARTDEAR Heart"dear`, a.

Defn: Sincerely beloved. [R.] Shak.

HEARTDEEP Heart"deep`, a.

Defn: Rooted in the heart. Herbert.

HEART-EATING Heart"-eat`ing, a.

Defn: Preying on the heart.

HEARTED Heart"ed, a.

1. Having a heart; having (such) a heart (regarded as the seat of the affections, disposition, or character).

2. Shaped like a heart; cordate. [R.] Landor.

3. Seated or laid up in the heart. I hate the Moor: my cause is hearted. Shak.

Note: This word is chiefly used in composition; as, hard-hearted, faint-hearted, kind-hearted, lion-hearted, stout-hearted, etc. Hence the nouns hard-heartedness, faint-heartedness, etc.

HEARTEDNESS Heart"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Earnestness; sincerity; heartiness. [R.] Clarendon.

Note: See also the Note under Hearted. The analysis of the compounds gives hard-hearted + -ness, rather than hard + heartedness, etc.

HEARTEN Heart"en, v. t. Etym: [From Heart.]

1. To encourage; to animate; to incite or stimulate the courage of; to embolden. Hearten those that fight in your defense. Shak.

2. To restore fertility or strength to, as to land.

HEARTENER Heart"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, heartens, animates, or stirs up. W. Browne.

HEARTFELT Heart"felt`, a.

Defn: Hearty; sincere.

HEARTGRIEF Heart"grief`, n.

Defn: Heartache; sorrow. Milton.

HEARTH Hearth, n. Etym: [OE. harthe, herth, herthe, AS. heor; akin to D. haard, heerd, Sw. härd, G. herd; cf. Goth. haúri a coal, Icel. hyrr embers, and L. cremare to burn.]

1. The pavement or floor of brick, stone, or metal in a chimney, on which a fire is made; the floor of a fireplace; also, a corresponding part of a stove. There was a fire on the hearth burning before him. Jer. xxxvi. 22. Where fires thou find'st unraked and hearths unswept. There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry. Shak.

2. The house itself, as the abode of comfort to its inmates and of hospitality to strangers; fireside.

3. (Metal. & Manuf.)

Defn: The floor of a furnace, on which the material to be heated lies, or the lowest part of a melting furnace, into which the melted material settles. Hearth ends (Metal.), fragments of lead ore ejected from the furnace by the blast. -- Hearth money, Hearth penny Etym: [AS. heoredhpening], a tax formerly laid in England on hearths, each hearth (in all houses paying the church and poor rates) being taxed at two shillings; -- called also chimney money, etc. He had been importuned by the common people to relieve them from the . . . burden of the hearth money. Macaulay.

HEARTHSTONE Hearth"stone`, n.

Defn: Stone forming the hearth; hence, the fireside; home. Chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone. A. Lincoln.

HEARTILY Heart"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From Hearty.]

1. From the heart; with all the heart; with sincerity. I heartily forgive them. Shak.

2. With zeal; actively; vigorously; willingly; cordially; as, he heartily assisted the prince. To eat heartily, to eat freely and with relish. Addison.

Syn. -- Sincerely; cordially; zealously; vigorously; actively; warmly; eagerly; ardently; earnestly.

HEARTINESS Heart"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being hearty; as, the heartiness of a greeting.

HEARTLESS Heart"less, a.

1. Without a heart. You have left me heartess; mine is in your bosom. J. Webster.

2. Destitute of courage; spiritless; despodent. Heartless they fought, and quitted soon their ground. Dryden. Heartless and melancholy. W. Irwing.

3. Destitute of feeling or affection; unsympathetic; cruel. "The heartless parasites." Byron. -- Heart"less*ly, adv. -- Heart"less*ness, n.

HEARTLET Heart"let, n..

Defn: A little heart.

HEARTLINGS Heart"lings, interj.

Defn: An exclamation used in addressing a familiar acquaintance. [Obs.] Shak.

HEARTPEA Heart"pea`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Heartseed.

HEARTQUAKE Heart"quake`, n.

Defn: Trembling of the heart; trepidation; fear. In many an hour of danger and heartquake. Hawthorne.

HEARTRENDING Heart"rend`ing, a.

Defn: Causing intense grief; overpowering with anguish; very distressing.

HEART-ROBBING Heart"-rob`bing, a.

1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic. "Heart-robbing gladness." Spenser.

2. Stealing the heart or affections; winning.

HEART'S-EASE Heart's"-ease`, n.

1. Ease of heart; peace or tranquillity of mind or feeling. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of violet (Viola tricolor); -- called also pansy.

HEARTSEED Heart"seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A climbing plant of the genus Cardiospermum, having round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart. Loudon.

HEARTSHAPED Heart"shaped` (, a.

Defn: Having the shape of a heart; cordate.

HEARTSICK Heart"sick`, a. Etym: [AS. heoriseóc.]

Defn: Sick at heart; extremely depressed in spirits; very despondent.

HEARTSOME Heart"some, a.

Defn: Merry; cheerful; lively. [Scot.]

HEART-SPOON Heart"-spoon`, n.

Defn: A part of the breastbone. [Obs.] He feeleth through the herte-spon the pricke. Chaucer.

HEARTSTRICKEN Heart"strick`en, a.

Defn: Shocked; dismayed.

HEARTSTRIKE Heart"strike`, v. t.

Defn: To affect at heart; to shock. [R.] "The seek to heartstrike us." B. Jonson.

HEARTSTRING Heart"string`, n.

Defn: A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Shak. Sobbing, as if a hearstring broke. Moore.

HEARTSTRUCK Heart"struck`, a.

1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. "His heartstruck injuries." Shak.

2. Shocked with pain, fear, or remorse; dismayed; heartstricken. Milton.

HEARTSWELLING Heart"swell`ing, a.

Defn: Rankling in, or swelling, the heart. "Heartswelling hate." Spenser.

HEART-WHOLE Heart"-whole`, a. Etym: [See Whole.]

1. Having the heart or affections free; not in love. Shak.

2. With unbroken courage; undismayed.

3. Of a single and sincere heart. If he keeps heart-whole towards his Master. Bunyan.

HEARTWOOD Heart"wood`, n.

Defn: The hard, central part of the trunk of a tree, consisting of the old and matured wood, and usually differing in color from the outer layers. It is technically known as duramen, and distinguished from the softer sapwood or alburnum.

HEART-WOUNDED Heart"-wound`ed, a.

Defn: Wounded to the heart with love or grief. Pope.

HEARTY Heart"y, a. [Compar. Heartier; superl. Heartiest.]

1. Pertaining to, or proceeding from, the heart; warm; cordial; bold; zealous; sincere; willing; also, energetic; active; eager; as, a hearty welcome; hearty in supporting the government. Full of hearty tears For our good father's loss. Marston.

2. Exhibiting strength; sound; healthy; firm; not weak; as, a hearty timber.

3. Promoting strength; nourishing; rich; abundant; as, hearty food; a hearty meal.

Syn. -- Sincere; real; unfeigned; undissembled; cordial; earnest; warm; zealous; ardent; eager; active; vigorous. -- Hearty, Cordial, Sincere. Hearty implies honesty and simplicity of feelings and manners; cordial refers to the warmth and liveliness with which the feelings are expressed; sincere implies that this expression corresponds to the real sentiments of the heart. A man should be hearty in his attachment to his friends, cordial in his reception of them to his house, and sincere in his offers to assist them.

HEARTY Heart"y, n.; pl. Hearties (.

Defn: Comrade; boon companion; good fellow; -- a term of familiar address and fellowship among sailors. Dickens.

HEARTYHALE Heart"y*hale`, a.

Defn: Good for the heart. [Obs.]

HEAT Heat, n. Etym: [OE. hete, hæte, AS. h, h, fr. hat hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede, Sw. hetta. See Hot.]

1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects, but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation, and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays, mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its nature heat is a mode if motion, being in general a form of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was given the name caloric.

Note: As affecting the human body, heat produces different sensations, which are called by different names, as heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to its degree or amount relatively to the normal temperature of the body.

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire, the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of cold.

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature, or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter; heat of the skin or body in fever, etc. Else how had the world . . . Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! Milton.

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness; high color; flush; degree of temperature to which something is heated, as indicated by appearance, condition, or otherwise. It has raised . . . heats in their faces. Addison. The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red heat, a white- flame heat, and a sparking or welding heat. Moxon.

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number of heats.

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as, he won two heats out of three. Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats. Dryden. [He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of "Tam o'Shanter." J. C. Shairp.

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle or party. "The heat of their division." Shak.

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement; exasperation. "The head and hurry of his rage." South.

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency. With all the strength and heat of eloquence. Addison.

10. Sexual excitement in animals.

11. Fermentation. Animal heat, Blood heat, Capacity for heat, etc. See under Animal, Blood, etc. -- Atomic heat (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant, the mean value being 6.4. -- Dynamical theory of heat, that theory of heat which assumes it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar motion of the ultimate particles of matter. Heat engine, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine. -- Heat producers. (Physiol.) See under Food. -- Heat rays, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible spectrum. -- Heat weight (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute temperature; -- called also thermodynamic function, and entropy. -- Mechanical equivalent of heat. See under Equivalent. -- Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature), the number of units of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one degree. -- Unit of heat, the quantity of heat required to raise, by one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water, initially at a certain standard temperature. The temperature usually employed is that of 0º Centigrade, or 32º Fahrenheit.

HEAT Heat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heated; p. pr. & vb. n. Heating.] Etym: [OE. heten, AS. h, fr. hat hot. See Hot.]

1. To make hot; to communicate heat to, or cause to grow warm; as, to heat an oven or furnace, an iron, or the like. Heat me these irons hot. Shak.

2. To excite or make hot by action or emotion; to make feverish. Pray, walk softly; do not heat your blood. Shak.

3. To excite ardor in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions. A noble emulation heats your breast. Dryden.

HEAT Heat, v. i.

1. To grow warm or not by the action of fire or friction, etc., or the communication of heat; as, the iron or the water heats slow.

2. To grow warm or hot by fermentation, or the development of heat by chemical action; as, green hay heats in a mow, and manure in the dunghill.

HEAT Heat, Etym: imp. & p. p. of Heat.

Defn: Heated; as, the iron though heat red-hot. [Obs. or Archaic.] Shak.

HEATER Heat"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, heats.

2. Any contrivance or implement, as a furnace, stove, or other heated body or vessel, etc., used to impart heat to something, or to contain something to be heated. Feed heater. See under Feed.

HEATH Heath, n. Etym: [OE. heth waste land, the plant heath, AS. h; akin to D. & G. heide, Icel. hei waste land, Dan. hede, Sw. hed, Goth. haipi field, L. bucetum a cow pasture; cf. W. coed a wood, Skr. ksh field. sq. root20.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A low shrub (Erica, or Calluna, vulgaris), with minute evergreen leaves, and handsome clusters of pink flowers. It is used in Great Britain for brooms, thatch, beds for the poor, and for heating ovens. It is also called heather, and ling. (b) Also, any species of the genus Erica, of which several are European, and many more are South African, some of great beauty. See Illust. of Heather.

2. A place overgrown with heath; any cheerless tract of country overgrown with shrubs or coarse herbage. Their stately growth, though bare, Stands on the blasted heath. Milton Heath cock (Zoöl.), the blackcock. See Heath grouse (below). -- Heath grass (Bot.), a kind of perennial grass, of the genus Triodia (T. decumbens), growing on dry heaths. -- Heath grouse, or Heath game (Zoöl.), a European grouse (Tetrao tetrix), which inhabits heats; -- called also black game, black grouse, heath poult, heath fowl, moor fowl. The male is called, heath cock, and blackcock; the female, heath hen, and gray hen. -- Heath hen. (Zoöl.) See Heath grouse (above). -- Heath pea (bot.), a species of bitter vetch (Lathyris macrorhizus), the tubers of which are eaten, and in Scotland are used to flavor whisky. -- Heath throstle (Zoöl.), a European thrush which frequents heaths; the ring ouzel.

HEATHCLAD Heath"clad`, a.

Defn: Clad or crowned with heath.

HEATHEN Hea"then, n.; pl. Heathens or collectively Heathen. Etym: [OE. hethen, AS. h, prop. an adj. fr. h heath, and orig., therefore, one who lives in the country or on the heaths and in the woods (cf. pagan, fr. pagus village); akin to OS. h, adj., D. heiden a heathen, G. heide, OHG. heidan, Icel. hei, adj., Sw. heden, Goth. haipn, n. fem. See Heath, and cf. Hoiden.]

1. An individual of the pagan or unbelieving nations, or those which worship idols and do not acknowledge the true God; a pagan; an idolater.

2. An irreligious person. If it is no more than a moral discourse, he may preach it and they may hear it, and yet both continue unconverted heathens. V. Knox. The heathen, as the term is used in the Scriptures, all people except the Jews; now used of all people except Christians, Jews, and Mohammedans. Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance. Ps. ii. 8.

Syn. -- Pagan; gentile. See Pagan.

HEATHEN Hea"then, a.

1. Gentile; pagan; as, a heathen author. "The heathen philosopher." "All in gold, like heathen gods." Shak.

2. Barbarous; unenlightened; heathenish.

3. Irreligious; scoffing.

HEATHENDOM Hea"then*dom, n. Etym: [AS. hæedhendom.]

1. That part of the world where heathenism prevails; the heathen nations, considered collectively.

2. Heathenism. C. Kingsley.

HEATHENESSE Hea"then*esse, n. Etym: [AS. hæedhennes, i. e., heathenness.]

Defn: Heathendom. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir W. Scott.

HEATHENISH Hea"then*ish, a. Etym: [AS. hæedhenisc.]

1. Of or pertaining to the heathen; resembling or characteristic of heathens. "Worse than heathenish crimes." Milton.

2. Rude; uncivilized; savage; cruel. South.

3. Irreligious; as, a heathenish way of living.

HEATHENISHLY Hea"then*ish"ly, adv.

Defn: In a heathenish manner.

HEATHENISHNESS Hea"then*ish*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being heathenish. "The . . . heathenishness and profaneness of most playbooks." Prynne.

HEATHENISM Hea"then*ism, n.

1. The religious system or rites of a heathen nation; idolatry; paganism.

2. The manners or morals usually prevalent in a heathen country; ignorance; rudeness; barbarism.

HEATHENIZE Hea"then*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heathenized; p. pr. & vb. n. Heathenizing.]

Defn: To render heathen or heathenish. Firmin.

HEATHENNESS Hea"then*ness, n. Etym: [Cf. Heathenesse.]

Defn: State of being heathen or like the heathen.

HEATHENRY Hea"then*ry, n.

1. The state, quality, or character of the heathen. Your heathenry and your laziness. C. Kingsley.

2. Heathendom; heathen nations.

HEATHER Heath"er (; 277. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n. Etym: [See Heath.]

Defn: Heath. [Scot.] Gorse and grass And heather, where his footsteps pass, The brighter seem. Longfellow. Heather bell (Bot.), one of the pretty subglobose flowers of two European kinds of heather (Erica Tetralix, and E. cinerea).

HEATHERY Heath"er*y, a.

Defn: Heathy; abounding in heather; of the nature of heath.

HEATHY Heath"y, a.

Defn: Full of heath; abounding with heath; as, heathy land; heathy hills. Sir W. Scott.

HEATING Heat"ing, a.

Defn: That heats or imparts heat; promoting warmth or heat; exciting action; stimulating; as, heating medicines or applications. Heating surface (Steam Boilers), the aggregate surface exposed to fire or to the heated products of combustion, esp. of all the plates or sheets that are exposed to water on their opposite surfaces; -- called also fire surface.

HEATINGLY Heat"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a heating manner; so as to make or become hot or heated.

HEATLESS Heat"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of heat; cold. Beau. & Fl.

HEAVE Heave, v. t. [imp. Heaved, or Hove (; p. p. Heaved, Hove, formerly Hoven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Heaving.] Etym: [OE. heven, hebben, As. hebban; akin to OS. hebbian, D. heffen, OHG. heffan, hevan, G. heven, Icel. häfva, Dan. hæve, Goth. hafjan, L. capere to take, seize; cf. Gr. Accept, Behoof, Capacious, Forceps, haft, Receipt.]

1. To cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; to lift; to raise; to hoist; -- often with up; as, the wave heaved the boat on land. One heaved ahigh, to be hurled down below. Shak.

Note: Heave, as now used, implies that the thing raised is heavy or hard to move; but formerly it was used in a less restricted sense. Here a little child I stand, Heaving up my either hand. Herrick.

2. To throw; to cast; -- obsolete, provincial, or colloquial, except in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the lead; to heave the log.

3. To force from, or into, any position; to cause to move; also, to throw off; -- mostly used in certain nautical phrases; as, to heave the ship ahead.

4. To raise or force from the breast; to utter with effort; as, to heave a sigh. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.

5. To cause to swell or rise, as the breast or bosom. The glittering, finny swarms That heave our friths, and crowd upon our shores. Thomson. To heave a cable short (Naut.), to haul in cable till the ship is almost perpendicularly above the anchor. -- To heave a ship ahead (Naut.), to warp her ahead when not under sail, as by means of cables. -- To heave a ship down (Naut.), to throw or lay her down on one side; to careen her. -- To heave a ship to (Naut.), to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. -- To heave about (Naut.), to put about suddenly. -- To heave in (Naut.), to shorten (cable). -- To heave in stays (Naut.), to put a vessel on the other tack. -- To heave out a sail (Naut.), to unfurl it. -- To heave taut (Naut.), to turn a capstan, etc., till the rope becomes strained. See Taut, and Tight. -- To heave the lead (Naut.), to take soundings with lead and line. -- To heave the log. (Naut.) See Log. -- To heave up anchor (Naut.), to raise it from the bottom of the sea or elsewhere.

HEAVE Heave, v. i.

1. To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound. And the huge columns heave into the sky. Pope. Where heaves the turf in many a moldering heap. Gray. The heaving sods of Bunker Hill. E. Everett.

2. To rise and fall with alternate motions, as the lungs in heavy breathing, as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, as the earth when broken up by frost, etc.; to swell; to dilate; to expand; to distend; hence, to labor; to struggle. Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves. Prior. The heaving plain of ocean. Byron.

3. To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult. The Church of England had struggled and heaved at a reformation ever since Wyclif's days. Atterbury.

4. To make an effort to vomit; to retch; to vomit. To heave at. (a) To make an effort at. (b) To attack, to oppose. [Obs.] Fuller. -- To heave in sight (as a ship at sea), to come in sight; to appear. -- To heave up, to vomit. [Low]

HEAVE Heave, n.

1. An effort to raise something, as a weight, or one's self, or to move something heavy. After many strains and heaves He got up to his saddle eaves. Hudibras.

2. An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, and the like. There's matter in these sighs, these profound heaves, You must translate. Shak. None could guess whether the next heave of the earthquake would settle . . . or swallow them. Dryden.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.

HEAVEN Heav"en, n. Etym: [OE. heven, hefen, heofen, AS. heofon; akin to OS. hevan, LG. heben, heven, Icel. hifinn; of uncertain origin, cf. D. hemel, G. himmel, Icel. himmin, Goth. himins; perh. akin to, or influenced by, the root of E. heave, or from a root signifying to cover, cf. Goth. gaham to put on, clothe one's self, G. hemd shirt, and perh. E. chemise.]

1. The expanse of space surrounding the earth; esp., that which seems to be over the earth like a great arch or dome; the firmament; the sky; the place where the sun, moon, and stars appear; -- often used in the plural in this sense. I never saw the heavens so dim by day. Shak. When my eyes shall be turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven. D. Webster.

2. The dwelling place of the Deity; the abode of bliss; the place or state of the blessed after death. Unto the God of love, high heaven's King. Spenser. It is a knell That summons thee to heaven or to hell. Shak. New thoughts of God, new hopes of Heaven. Keble.

Note: In this general sense heaven and its corresponding words in other languages have as various definite interpretations as there are phases of religious belief.

3. The sovereign of heaven; God; also, the assembly of the blessed, collectively; -- used variously in this sense, as in No. 2. Her prayers, whom Heaven delights to hear. Shak. The will And high permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.

4. Any place of supreme happiness or great comfort; perfect felicity; bliss; a sublime or exalted condition; as, a heaven of delight. "A heaven of beauty." Shak. "The brightest heaven of invention." Shak. O bed! bed! delicious bed! That heaven upon earth to the weary head! Hood.

Note: Heaven is very often used, esp. with participles, in forming compound words, most of which need no special explanation; as, heaven-appeasing, heaven-aspiring, heaven-begot, heaven-born, heaven- bred, heaven-conducted, heaven-descended, heaven-directed, heaven- exalted, heaven-given, heaven-guided, heaven-inflicted, heaven- inspired, heaven-instructed, heaven-kissing, heaven-loved, heaven- moving, heaven-protected, heaven-taught, heaven-warring, and the like.

HEAVEN Heav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Heavened; p. pr. & vb. n. Heavening.]

Defn: To place in happiness or bliss, as if in heaven; to beatify. [R.] We are happy as the bird whose nest Is heavened in the hush of purple hills. G. Massey.

HEAVENIZE Heav"en*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render like heaven or fit for heaven. [R.] Bp. Hall.

HEAVENLINESS Heav"en*li*ness, n. Etym: [From Heavenly.]

Defn: The state or quality of being heavenly. Sir J. Davies.

HEAVENLY Heav"en*ly, a. Etym: [AS. heofonic.]

1. Pertaining to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; celestial; not earthly; as, heavenly regions; heavenly music. As is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. 1 Cor. xv. 48.

2. Appropriate to heaven in character or happiness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed; as, a heavenly race; the heavenly, throng. The love of heaven makes one heavenly. Sir P. Sidney.

HEAVENLY Heav"en*ly, adv.

1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. "She was heavenly true." Shak.

2. By the influence or agency of heaven. Out heavenly guided soul shall climb. Milton.

HEAVENLYMINDED; HEAVENLY-MINDED Heav"en*ly*mind`ed, Heav"en*ly-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having the thoughts and affections placed on, or suitable for, heaven and heavenly objects; devout; godly; pious. Milner. -- Heav"en*ly*mind`ed*ness, n.

HEAVENWARD Heav"en*ward, a & adv.

Defn: Toward heaven.

HEAVE OFFERING Heave" of`fer*ing. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: An offering or oblation heaved up or elevated before the altar, as the shoulder of the peace offering. See Wave offering. Ex. xxix. 27.

HEAVER Heav"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, heaves or lifts; a laborer employed on docks in handling freight; as, a coal heaver.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A bar used as a lever. Totten.

HEAVES Heaves, n.

Defn: A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.

HEAVILY Heav"i*ly, adv. Etym: [From 2d Heavy.]

1. In a heavy manner; with great weight; as, to bear heavily on a thing; to be heavily loaded. Heavily interested in those schemes of emigration. The Century.

2. As if burdened with a great weight; slowly and laboriously; with difficulty; hence, in a slow, difficult, or suffering manner; sorrowfully. And took off their chariot wheels, that they drave them heavily. Ex. xiv. 25. Why looks your grace so heavily to-day Shak.

HEAVILY-TRAVELED; HEAVILY TRAVELED heavily-traveled, heavily traveled adj.

Defn: subject to much traffic or travel; as, the region's most heavily traveled highways. Syn. -- heavily traveled. [WordNet 1.5]

HEAVINESS Heav"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being heavy in its various senses; weight; sadness; sluggishness; oppression; thickness.

HEAVING Heav"ing, n.

Defn: A lifting or rising; a swell; a panting or deep sighing. Addison. Shak.

HEAVISOME Heav"i*some, a.

Defn: Heavy; dull. [Prov.]

HEAVY Heav"y, a.

Defn: Having the heaves.

HEAVY Heav"y, a. [Compar. Heavier; superl. Heaviest.] Etym: [OE. hevi, AS. hefig, fr. hebban to lift, heave; akin to OHG. hebig, hevig, Icel. höfigr, höfugr. See Heave.]

1. Heaved or lifted with labor; not light; weighty; ponderous; as, a heavy stone; hence, sometimes, large in extent, quantity, or effects; as, a heavy fall of rain or snow; a heavy failure; heavy business transactions, etc.; often implying strength; as, a heavy barrier; also, difficult to move; as, a heavy draught.

2. Not easy to bear; burdensome; oppressive; hard to endure or accomplish; hence, grievous, afflictive; as, heavy yokes, expenses, undertakings, trials, news, etc. The hand of the Lord was heavy upon them of Ashdod. 1 Sam. v. 6. The king himself hath a heavy reckoning to make. Shak. Sent hither to impart the heavy news. Wordsworth. Trust him not in matter of heavy consequence. Shak.

3. Laden with that which is weighty; encumbered; burdened; bowed down, either with an actual burden, or with care, grief, pain, disappointment. The heavy [sorrowing] nobles all in council were. Chapman. A light wife doth make a heavy husband. Shak.

4. Slow; sluggish; inactive; or lifeless, dull, inanimate, stupid; as, a heavy gait, looks, manners, style, and the like; a heavy writer or book. Whilst the heavy plowman snores. Shak. Of a heavy, dull, degenerate mind. Dryden. Neither [is] his ear heavy, that it can not hear. Is. lix. 1.

5. Strong; violent; forcible; as, a heavy sea, storm, cannonade, and the like.

6. Loud; deep; -- said of sound; as, heavy thunder. But, hark! that heavy sound breaks in once more. Byron.

7. Dark with clouds, or ready to rain; gloomy; -- said of the sky.

8. Impeding motion; cloggy; clayey; -- said of earth; as, a heavy road, soil, and the like.

9. Not raised or made light; as, heavy bread.

10. Not agreeable to, or suitable for, the stomach; not easily digested; -- said of food.

11. Having much body or strength; -- said of wines, or other liquors.

12. With child; pregnant. [R.] Heavy artillery. (Mil.) (a) Guns of great weight or large caliber, esp. siege, garrison, and seacoast guns. (b) Troops which serve heavy guns. -- Heavy cavalry. See under Cavalry. -- Heavy fire (Mil.), a continuous or destructive cannonading, or discharge of small arms. -- Heavy metal (Mil.), large guns carrying balls of a large size; also, large balls for such guns. -- Heavy metals. (Chem.) See under Metal. -- Heavy weight, in wrestling, boxing, etc., a term applied to the heaviest of the classes into which contestants are divided. Cf. Feather weight (c), under Feather.

Note: Heavy is used in composition to form many words which need no special explanation; as, heavy-built, heavy-browed, heavy-gaited, etc.

HEAVY Heav"y

Defn: , adv. Heavily; -- sometimes used in composition; as, heavy- laden.

HEAVY Heav"y, v. t.

Defn: To make heavy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

HEAVY-ARMED Heav"y-armed`, a. (Mil.)

Defn: Wearing heavy or complete armor; carrying heavy arms.

HEAVY-HADED Heav"y-had"ed, a.

Defn: Clumsy; awkward.

HEAVY-HEADED Heav"y-head"ed, a.

Defn: Dull; stupid. "Gross heavy-headed fellows." Beau. & Fl.

HEAVY SPAR Heav"y spar`. (Min.)

Defn: Native barium sulphate or barite, -- so called because of its high specific gravity as compared with other non-metallic minerals.

HEBDOMAD Heb"do*mad, n. Etym: [L. hebdomas, -adis, Gr. "ebdoma`s the number seven days, fr. Seven.]

Defn: A week; a period of seven days. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

HEBDOMADAL; HEBDOMADARY Heb*dom"a*dal, Heb*dom"a*da*ry, a. Etym: [L. hebdomadalis, LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadaire.]

Defn: Consisting of seven days, or occurring at intervals of seven days; weekly.

HEBDOMADALLY Heb*dom"a*dal*ly, adv.

Defn: In periods of seven days; weekly. Lowell.

HEBDOMADARY Heb*dom"a*da*ry, n. Etym: [LL. hebdomadarius: cf. F. hebdomadier.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A member of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir, and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors.

HEBDOMATICAL Heb`do*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hebdomaticus, Gr.

Defn: Weekly; hebdomadal. [Obs.]

HEBE He"be, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "h`bh youth, "H`bh Hebe.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of youth, daughter of Jupiter and Juno. She was believed to have the power of restoring youth and beauty to those who had lost them.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African ape; the hamadryas.

HEBEN Heb"en, n.

Defn: Ebony. [Obs.] Spenser.

HEBENON Heb"e*non, n.

Defn: See Henbane. [Obs.] Shak.

HEBETATE Heb"e*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hebetated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hebetating.] Etym: [L. hebetatus, p. p. of hebetare to dull. See Hebete.]

Defn: To render obtuse; to dull; to blunt; to stupefy; as, to hebetate the intellectual faculties. Southey

HEBETATE Heb"e*tate, a.

1. Obtuse; dull.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a dull or blunt and soft point. Gray.

HEBETATION Heb`e*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. hebetatio: cf. F. hébétation.]

1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid.

2. The state of being blunted or dulled.

HEBETE He*bete", a. Etym: [L. hebes, hebetis, dull, stupid, fr. hebere to be dull.]

Defn: Dull; stupid. [Obs.]

HEBETUDE Heb"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. hebetudo.]

Defn: Dullness; stupidity. Harvey.

HEBRAIC He"bra"ic, a. Etym: [L. Hebraicus, Gr. hebraïque. See Hebrew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hebrews, or to the language of the Hebrews.

HEBRAICALLY He*bra"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of the Hebrews or of the Hebrew language.

HEBRAISM He"bra*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hébraïsme.]

1. A Hebrew idiom or custom; a peculiar expression or manner of speaking in the Hebrew language. Addison.

2. The type of character of the Hebrews. The governing idea of Hebraism is strictness of conscience. M. Arnold.

HEBRAIST He"bra*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hébraïste.]

Defn: One versed in the Hebrew language and learning.

HEBRAISTIC He`bra*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the Hebrew language or idiom.

HEBRAISTICALLY He`bra*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a Hebraistic sense or form. Which is Hebraistically used in the New Testament. Kitto.

HEBRAIZE He"bra*ize, v. t. Etym: [Gr. hébraïser.]

Defn: To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to make Hebrew or Hebraistic. J. R. Smith.

HEBRAIZE He"bra*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hebraized; p. pr. & vb. n. Hebraizing.]

Defn: To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrew idiom, or to Hebrew customs.

HEBREW He"brew, n. Etym: [F. Hébreu, L. Hebraeus, Gr. 'ibhri.]

1. An appellative of Abraham or of one of his descendants, esp. in the line of Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew. There came one that had escaped and told Abram the Hebrew. Gen. xiv. 13.

2. The language of the Hebrews; -- one of the Semitic family of languages.

HEBREW He"brew, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hebrews; as, the Hebrew language or rites.

HEBREW CALENDAR Hebrew calendar.

Defn: = Jewish calendar.

HEBREWESS He"brew*ess, n.

Defn: An Israelitish woman.

HEBRICIAN He*bri"cian, n.

Defn: A Hebraist. [R.]

HEBRIDEAN; HEBRIDIAN He*brid"e*an, He*brid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the islands called Hebrides, west of Scotland. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of the Hebrides.

HECATOMB Hec"a*tomb, n. Etym: [L. hecatombe, Gr. hécatombe.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A sacrifice of a hundred oxen or cattle at the same time; hence, the sacrifice or slaughter of any large number of victims. Slaughtered hecatombs around them bleed. Addison. More than a human hecatomb. Byron.

HECATOMPEDON Hec`a*tom"pe*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: A name given to the old Parthenon at Athens, because measuring 100 Greek feet, probably in the width across the stylobate.

HECDECANE Hec"de*cane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, C16H34, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also hexadecane.

HECK Heck, n. Etym: [See Hatch a half door.] [Written also hack.]

1. The bolt or latch of a door. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A rack for cattle to feed at. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A door, especially one partly of latticework; -- called also heck door. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A latticework contrivance for catching fish.

5. (Weaving)

Defn: An apparatus for separating the threads of warps into sets, as they are wound upon the reel from the bobbins, in a warping machine.

6. A bend or winding of a stream. [Prov. Eng.] Half heck, the lower half of a door. -- Heck board, the loose board at the bottom or back of a cart. -- Heck box or frame, that which carries the heck in warping.

HECKERISM Heck"er*ism, n. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The teaching of Isaac Thomas Hecker (1819-88), which interprets Catholicism as promoting human aspirations after liberty and truth, and as the religion best suited to the character and institutions of the American people. (b) Improperly, certain views or principles erroneously ascribed to Father Hecker in a French translation of Elliott's Life of Hecker. They were condemned as "Americanism" by the Pope, in a letter to Cardinal Gibbons, January 22, 1899.

HECKIMAL Heck"i*mal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blue titmouse (Parus coeruleus). [Written also heckimel, hackeymal, hackmall, hagmall, and hickmall.]

HECKLE Hec"kle, n. & v. t.

Defn: Same as Hackle.

HECTARE Hec"tare`, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. are an are.]

Defn: A measure of area, or superficies, containing a hundred ares, or 10,000 square meters, and equivalent to 2.471 acres.

HECTIC Hec"tic, a. Etym: [F. hectique, Gr. sah to overpower, endure; cf. AS. sige, sigor, victory, G. sieg, Goth. sigis. Cf. Scheme.]

1. Habitual; constitutional; pertaining especially to slow waste of animal tissue, as in consumption; as, a hectic type in disease; a hectic flush.

2. In a hectic condition; having hectic fever; consumptive; as, a hectic patient. Hectic fever (Med.), a fever of irritation and debility, occurring usually at a advanced stage of exhausting disease, as a in pulmonary consumption.

HECTIC Hec"tic, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Hectic fever.

2. A hectic flush. It is no living hue, but a strange hectic. Byron.

HECTOCOTYLIZED Hec`to*cot"y*lized, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Changed into a hectocotylus; having a hectocotylis.

HECTOCOTYLUS Hec`to*cot"y*lus, n.; pl. Hectocotyli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the arms of the male of most kinds of cephalopods, which is specially modified in various ways to effect the fertilization of the eggs. In a special sense, the greatly modified arm of Argonauta and allied genera, which, after receiving the spermatophores, becomes detached from the male, and attaches itself to the female for reproductive purposes.

HECTOGRAM Hec"to*gram, n. Etym: [F. hectogramme, fr. Gr. gramme a gram.]

Defn: A measure of weight, containing a hundred grams, or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois.

HECTOGRAMME Hec"to*gramme, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The same as Hectogram.

HECTOGRAPH Hec"to*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A contrivance for multiple copying, by means of a surface of gelatin softened with glycerin. [Written also hectograph.]

HECTOLITER; HECTOLITRE Hec"to*li`ter, Hec"to*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. hectolitre, fr. Gr. litre a liter.]

Defn: A measure of liquids, containing a hundred liters; equal to a tenth of a cubic meter, nearly 26

HECTOMETER; HECTOMETRE Hec"to*me`ter, Hec"to*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. hectomètre, fr. Gr. mètre a meter.]

Defn: A measure of length, equal to a hundred meters. It is equivalent to 328.09 feet.

HECTOR Hec"tor, n. Etym: [From the Trojan warrior Hector, the son of Priam.]

Defn: A bully; a blustering, turbulent, insolent, fellow; one who vexes or provokes.

HECTOR Hec"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hectored; p. pr. & vb. n. Hectoring.]

Defn: To treat with insolence; to threaten; to bully; hence, to torment by words; to tease; to taunt; to worry or irritate by bullying. Dryden.

HECTOR Hec"tor, v. i.

Defn: To play the bully; to bluster; to be turbulent or insolent. Swift.

HECTORISM Hec"to*rism, n.

Defn: The disposition or the practice of a hector; a bullying. [R.]

HECTORLY Hec"tor*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling a hector; blustering; insolent; taunting. "Hectorly, ruffianlike swaggering or huffing." Barrow.

HECTOSTERE Hec"to*stere, n. Etym: [F. hectostère; Gr. stère.]

Defn: A measure of solidity, containing one hundred cubic meters, and equivalent to 3531.66 English or 3531.05 United States cubic feet.

HEDDLE Hed"dle, n.; pl. Heddles. Etym: [Cf. Heald.] (Weaving)

Defn: One of the sets of parallel doubled threads which, with mounting, compose the harness employed to guide the warp threads to the lathe or batten in a loom.

HEDDLE Hed"dle, v. t.

Defn: To draw (the warp thread) through the heddle-eyes, in weaving.

HEDDLE-EYE Hed"dle-eye`, n. (Weaving)

Defn: The eye or loop formed in each heddle to receive a warp thread.

HEDDLING Hed"dling, vb. n.

Defn: The act of drawing the warp threads through the heddle-eyes of a weaver's harness; the harness itself. Knight.

HEDERACEOUS Hed`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera ivy.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, ivy.

HEDERAL Hed"er*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ivy.

HEDERIC He*der"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the ivy (Hedera); as, hederic acid, an acid of the acetylene series.

HEDERIFEROUS Hed`er*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. hedera ivy + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing ivy; ivy-bearing.

HEDEROSE Hed"er*ose`, a. Etym: [L. hederosus, fr. hedera ivy.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of, ivy; full of ivy.

HEDGE Hedge, n. Etym: [OE. hegge, AS. hecg; akin to haga an inclosure, E. haw, AS. hege hedge, E. haybote, D. hegge, OHG. hegga, G. hecke. sq. root12. See Haw a hedge.]

Defn: A thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes; especially, such a thicket planted as a fence between any two portions of land; and also any sort of shrubbery, as evergreens, planted in a line or as a fence; particularly, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows to separate the parts of a garden. The roughest berry on the rudest hedge. Shak. Through the verdant maze Of sweetbrier hedges I pursue my walk. Thomson.

Note: Hedge, when used adjectively or in composition, often means rustic, outlandish, illiterate, poor, or mean; as, hedge priest; hedgeborn, etc. Hedge bells, Hedge bindweed (Bot.), a climbing plant related to the morning-glory (Convolvulus sepium). -- Hedge bill, a long-handled billhook. -- Hedge garlic (Bot.), a plant of the genus Alliaria. See Garlic mustard, under Garlic. -- Hedge hyssop (Bot.), a bitter herb of the genus Gratiola, the leaves of which are emetic and purgative. -- Hedge marriage, a secret or clandestine marriage, especially one performed by a hedge priest. [Eng.] -- Hedge mustard (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sisymbrium, belonging to the Mustard family. -- Hedge nettle (Bot.), an herb, or under shrub, of the genus Stachys, belonging to the Mint family. It has a nettlelike appearance, though quite harmless. -- Hedge note. (a) The note of a hedge bird. (b) Low, contemptible writing. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Hedge priest, a poor, illiterate priest. Shak. -- Hedge school, an open-air school in the shelter of a hedge, in Ireland; a school for rustics. -- Hedge sparrow (Zoöl.), a European warbler (Accentor modularis) which frequents hedges. Its color is reddish brown, and ash; the wing coverts are tipped with white. Called also chanter, hedge warbler, dunnock, and doney. -- Hedge writer, an insignificant writer, or a writer of low, scurrilous stuff. [Obs.] Swift. -- To breast up a hedge. See under Breast. -- To hang in the hedge, to be at a standstill. "While the business of money hangs in the hedge." Pepys.

HEDGE Hedge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hedged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hedging.]

1. To inclose or separate with a hedge; to fence with a thickly set line or thicket of shrubs or small trees; as, to hedge a field or garden.

2. To obstruct, as a road, with a barrier; to hinder from progress or success; -- sometimes with up and out. I will hedge up thy way with thorns. Hos. ii. 6. Lollius Urbius . . . drew another wall . . . to hedge out incursions from the north. Milton.

3. To surround for defense; to guard; to protect; to hem (in). "England, hedged in with the main." Shak.

4. To surround so as to prevent escape. That is a law to hedge in the cuckoo. Locke. To hedge a bet, to bet upon both sides; that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other, thus guarding against loss.

HEDGE Hedge, v. i.

1. To shelter one's self from danger, risk, duty, responsibility, etc., as if by hiding in or behind a hedge; to skulk; to slink; to shirk obligations. I myself sometimes, leaving the fear of God on the left hand and hiding mine honor in my necessity, am fain to shuffle, to hedge and to lurch. Shak.

2. (Betting)

Defn: To reduce the risk of a wager by making a bet against the side or chance one has bet on.

3. To use reservations and qualifications in one's speech so as to avoid committing one's self to anything definite. The Heroic Stanzas read much more like an elaborate attempt to hedge between the parties than . . . to gain favor from the Roundheads. Saintsbury.

HEDGEBORN Hedge"born`, a.

Defn: Born under a hedge; of low birth. Shak.

HEDGEBOTE Hedge"bote`, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Same as Haybote.

HEDGEHOG Hedge"hog`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European insectivore (Erinaceus Europæus), and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly upon insects.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Canadian porcupine.[U.S]

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Medicago (M. intertexta), the pods of which are armed with short spines; -- popularly so called. Loudon.

4. A form of dredging machine. Knight. Hedgehog caterpillar (Zoöl.), the hairy larvæ of several species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See Woolly bear, and Isabella moth. -- Hedgehog fish (Zoöl.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp. of the genus Diodon; the porcupine fish. -- Hedgehog grass (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres, growing on sandy shores; burgrass (Cenchrus tribuloides). -- Hedgehog rat (Zoöl.), one of several West Indian rodents, allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong to Capromys, Plagiodon, and allied genera. -- Hedgehog shell (Zoöl.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell of the genus Murex. -- Hedgehog thistle (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family, globular in form, and covered with spines (Echinocactus). -- Sea hedgehog. See Diodon.

HEDGELESS Hedge"less, a.

Defn: Having no hedge.

HEDGEPIG Hedge"pig`, n.

Defn: A young hedgehog. Shak.

HEDGER Hedg"er, n.

Defn: One who makes or mends hedges; also, one who hedges, as, in betting.

HEDGEROW Hedge"row`, n.

Defn: A row of shrubs, or trees, planted for inclosure or separation of fields. By hedgerow elms and hillocks green. Milton.

HEDGING BILL Hedg"ing bill`.

Defn: A hedge bill. See under Hedge.

HEDONIC He*don"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Pertaining to pleasure.

2. Of or relating to Hedonism or the Hedonic sect.

HEDONICS He*don"ics, n. (Philos.)